284 lines
31 KiB
XML
284 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="C9FB37BEAA82B7AD200772478FAC755E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3619.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2719c069-24fe-4cd6-967d-aea11f80e344" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="221852" ID-ZooBank="92C07D63-F2F5-4898-A7FE-4937F4D5A043" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460577976854" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Rapp, Hans Tore & Klautau, Michelle" docDate="2013" docId="038E706DEC02745DFF172E80C55AFA94" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03619p314.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3619 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Leucascus flavus Cavalcanti, Rapp & Klautau, 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="299" masterDocId="FFB70815EC147445FF802B45C42DFF87" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of Leucascus Dendy, 1892 (Porifera: Calcarea) with revalidation of Ascoleucetta Dendy & Frederick, 1924 and description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="314" masterPageNumber="275" pageNumber="297" updateTime="1698323617962" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="D1B13BDCD2AA2CD61437DBE467D9F751" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B341CFEFEA76851DE7CCFAB9BF2289CB">
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<mods:title id="54900B940FA1A33394683F848EE670E8">Taxonomic revision of Leucascus Dendy, 1892 (Porifera: Calcarea) with revalidation of Ascoleucetta Dendy & Frederick, 1924 and description of three new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="E04AC91FE926FFF6633D5573A612A5C6" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="04C15ABA7F390F604267F622A09F35BA">
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<mods:roleTerm id="312EF04489964729D3FA28A6D6AA7F0C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9743C7B2DE879240402E90AFEA376665">Cavalcanti, Fernanda F.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D807EA12D0557E7FC9735EDDB1E7068F" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="4C7DA7729204FC3A7E60A7C3FE264A30">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CB8F3C522F8E198C2ABC63511DAA558D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A8280B5C40FDBD82D6101A8A1539A497">Rapp, Hans Tore</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="63979E8443150988B38755C0360E47C2" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="398C32DE6B75B1BD641931C41D61B86C">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3C50EABAE15F4F06D1251EC32EE153CA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3114E1D47F81680FB314AFB84B27A9AF">Klautau, Michelle</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BD6647BDA67BB0940CA18DAEDA64729E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="E1F3657B5DF197446EF0E8F18A2C2737">
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<mods:title id="80ACCB5B271A381F2C91ABAE2EA4C390">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="1E40E4ACF09C52098C2E99FE3F48F75B">
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<mods:date id="6003E3F719819B951A70080955B7CB2E">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="806442CABB7C410B22F9DDB15E8FE684" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="CC803E402A04DB6D99E532E40B075850">3619</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="68AAE33F7470A9D17CD8A23F5E26C3F0" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="205320C8F7FBC8BC1B799B8A07128640">3</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="76D80EE101F23556FCB9FBA821405CDB" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="882618F39D58849DC331740882A197BB">275</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="893D02AEEABE59008883D7ABF703E3CF">314</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="E1F7CEB8CC31CAF4A48C384AA7324B36">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="EAA266CE426C2B79BABEDA4171B21E27" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3619.3.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5151851B93B4C19E35126A312A0D15D2" type="GBIF-Dataset">2719c069-24fe-4cd6-967d-aea11f80e344</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0BFFC6D53808667209488B988B0128AB" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="85CE007D91942D02C279CBB7271F35ED" type="Zenodo-Dep">221852</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6711E44CAB9096414E284099CA9EE455" type="ZooBank">92C07D63-F2F5-4898-A7FE-4937F4D5A043</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="038E706DEC02745DFF172E80C55AFA94" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6153194" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119560648" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6153194" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E706DEC02745DFF172E80C55AFA94" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E706DEC02745DFF172E80C55AFA94" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="299" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
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<subSubSection id="C33D92F0EC027453FF172E80C5E6FA58" box="[151,459,1477,1503]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC027453FF172E80C5E6FA58" blockId="22.[151,459,1477,1503]" box="[151,459,1477,1503]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
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<heading id="D0D07617EC027453FF172E80C5E6FA58" bold="true" box="[151,459,1477,1503]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="297" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9531D69EC027453FF172E80C5E6FA58" bold="true" box="[151,459,1477,1503]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
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<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC027453FF172E80C54BFA58" ID-CoL="6PRXJ" box="[151,358,1477,1503]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="22" pageNumber="297" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flavus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9531D69EC027453FF172E80C54BFA58" bold="true" box="[151,358,1477,1503]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Leucascus flavus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260A012EC027453FEED2E80C5E6FA58" box="[365,459,1477,1503]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D92F0EC027453FF172D48C7CDF9A2" box="[151,992,1549,1574]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC027453FF172D48C7CDF9A2" blockId="22.[151,1437,1549,2005]" box="[151,992,1549,1574]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
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<emphasis id="B9531D69EC027453FF172D48C535F9A2" box="[151,280,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Etymology:</emphasis>
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Latin
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<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC027453FEE12D48C589F9A2" box="[353,420,1549,1573]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="22" pageNumber="297" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flavus">
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<emphasis id="B9531D69EC027453FEE12D48C589F9A2" box="[353,420,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">flavus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: yellow. Describing the colour of the sponge alive.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D92F0EC027453FF472D77C521F9EA" pageId="22" pageNumber="297" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC027453FF472D77C521F9EA" blockId="22.[151,1437,1549,2005]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
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<emphasis id="B9531D69EC027453FF472D77C56CF9CE" box="[199,321,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Colour alive is yellow. Spicules are slightly conical to conical, with sharp tips. Choanocyte tubes are hispid.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D92F0EC027453FF472D3FC6F4F95F" pageId="22" pageNumber="297" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC027453FF472D3FC645F932" blockId="22.[151,1437,1549,2005]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
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<emphasis id="B9531D69EC027453FF472D3FC544F916" box="[199,361,1657,1681]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
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<typeStatus id="549C7FD9EC027453FF472D3FC4D6F916" box="[199,251,1658,1681]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Type</typeStatus>
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material:
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</emphasis>
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ZMAPOR 13145 (
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<typeStatus id="549C7FD9EC027453FDBF2D3DC681F917" box="[575,684,1656,1680]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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; Sulawesi, Bone Baku,
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<collectingCountry id="F33081EBEC027453FC342D3DC009F917" box="[948,1060,1656,1680]" name="Indonesia" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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; station BB/NV/
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<date id="FF99E7BBEC027453FB5F2D3DC119F917" box="[1247,1332,1656,1680]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297" value="97-12-05">120597</date>
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/27; coll.: N. J. de Voogd;
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<date id="FF99E7BBEC027453FECB2DD8C5EBF932" box="[331,454,1693,1717]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297" value="1997-05-16">16/V/1997</date>
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; depth:
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<quantity id="4CDF6C9EEC027453FD9E2DD8C676F932" box="[542,603,1693,1717]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="22" pageNumber="297" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC027453FF472D87C6F4F95F" blockId="22.[151,1437,1549,2005]" box="[199,729,1728,1753]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
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<emphasis id="B9531D69EC027453FF472D87C572F95E" box="[199,351,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
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<typeStatus id="549C7FD9EC027453FF472D87C4D6F95E" box="[199,251,1730,1753]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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</emphasis>
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Sulawesi, Bone Baku,
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<collectingCountry id="F33081EBEC027453FDE52D85C6FBF95F" box="[613,726,1728,1752]" name="Indonesia" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D92F0EC027452FF472DA3C7EEF862" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="22" pageNumber="297" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC027453FF472DA3C130F8EF" blockId="22.[151,1437,1549,2005]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
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<emphasis id="B9531D69EC027453FF472DA3C579F97A" box="[199,340,1766,1789]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Description:</emphasis>
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The colour of this specimen is yellow alive and beige after fixation (
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<figureCitation id="131CDDFEEC027453FBF92DA0C0C7F97A" box="[1145,1258,1765,1789]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1794,1817]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,265,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[158,1429,265,1773]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 14. Leucascus flavus sp. nov (ZMAPOR 13145, holotype). A, Preserved specimen; B, Cortical membrane; C, Apical actine of a tetractine projected into the lumen of a tube; D, Atrial membrane; E, Conical triactine; F, Slightly conical triactine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221866/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Figure 14</figureCitation>
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A). The sponge measures 3.5 x 3.0 x
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<quantity id="4CDF6C9EEC027453FE032C4DC5FFF8A7" box="[387,466,1800,1824]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="297" unit="cm" value="0.7">0.7 cm</quantity>
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. The surface is smooth and the consistency is soft. The osculum was damaged, but it is possible to observe that there was no membrane or crown of spicules. A thin membrane covers the entire body. Below this membrane there are tightly anastomosed tubes and a wide atrium also lined by a membrane.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC027452FF472C30C7F2FF53" blockId="22.[151,1437,1549,2005]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1435,151,212]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
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The skeleton is composed of triactines and tetractines. Both categories are present in the cortical membrane, but the triactines (both
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<typeStatus id="549C7FD9EC027453FE232CDDC5CDF837" box="[419,480,1944,1968]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">types</typeStatus>
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) are more abundant (
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<figureCitation id="131CDDFEEC027453FD552CDDC76AF837" box="[725,839,1944,1968]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1794,1817]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,265,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[158,1429,265,1773]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 14. Leucascus flavus sp. nov (ZMAPOR 13145, holotype). A, Preserved specimen; B, Cortical membrane; C, Apical actine of a tetractine projected into the lumen of a tube; D, Atrial membrane; E, Conical triactine; F, Slightly conical triactine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221866/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Figure 14</figureCitation>
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B). Inside the cormus, slightly conical triactines and tetractines are present in equal proportions. The tetractines project their apical actine into the lumen of the choanocyte tubes (
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<figureCitation id="131CDDFEEC037452FEF32BD2C5C5FF28" box="[371,488,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1794,1817]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,265,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[158,1429,265,1773]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 14. Leucascus flavus sp. nov (ZMAPOR 13145, holotype). A, Preserved specimen; B, Cortical membrane; C, Apical actine of a tetractine projected into the lumen of a tube; D, Atrial membrane; E, Conical triactine; F, Slightly conical triactine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221866/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Figure 14</figureCitation>
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C), which are slightly hispid. The atrial skeleton is composed of triactines and tetractines, but the tetractines are the most abundant spicules (
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<figureCitation id="131CDDFEEC037452FCCC2BF9C796FF53" box="[844,955,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1794,1817]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,265,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[158,1429,265,1773]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 14. Leucascus flavus sp. nov (ZMAPOR 13145, holotype). A, Preserved specimen; B, Cortical membrane; C, Apical actine of a tetractine projected into the lumen of a tube; D, Atrial membrane; E, Conical triactine; F, Slightly conical triactine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221866/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Figure 14</figureCitation>
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D).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF5891F3EC037452FF172C47C1BCF8B0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221866/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298" targetBox="[158,1428,265,1742]" targetPageId="23">
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<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC037452FF172C47C1BCF8B0" blockId="23.[151,1436,1794,1847]" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
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<emphasis id="B9531D69EC037452FF172C47C532F89F" bold="true" box="[151,287,1794,1817]" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC037452FEA52C46C5FFF89F" box="[293,466,1794,1816]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="23" pageNumber="298" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flavus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9531D69EC037452FEA52C46C5FFF89F" box="[293,466,1794,1816]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Leucascus flavus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260A012EC037452FE572C46C60DF89F" box="[471,544,1795,1816]" pageId="23" pageNumber="298" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(ZMAPOR 13145, holotype). A, Preserved specimen; B, Cortical membrane; C, Apical actine of a tetractine projected into the lumen of a tube; D, Atrial membrane; E, Conical triactine; F, Slightly conical triactine.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC037452FF472C24C5B4F8FE" blockId="23.[151,1436,1889,2021]" box="[199,409,1889,1913]" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
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<emphasis id="B9531D69EC037452FF472C24C509F8FE" box="[199,292,1889,1913]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Spicules</emphasis>
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(
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<tableCitation id="C6A5F4C0EC037452FEB32C24C5AAF8FE" box="[307,391,1889,1913]" captionStart="TABLE 9" captionStartId="24.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[160,1426,208,406]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="TABLE 9. Spicules measurements (µm) of the holotype of Leucascus flavus sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5891F3EC0C745DFF172BD2C00CFF28" pageId="23" pageNumber="298" tableUuid="DF5891F3EC0C745DFF172BD2C00CFF28">Table 9</tableCitation>
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):
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC037452FF472CC0C7EEF862" blockId="23.[151,1436,1889,2021]" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
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(
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<emphasis id="B9531D69EC037452FF502CC3C4F5F81A" box="[208,216,1926,1949]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">i</emphasis>
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) Triactines (
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<figureCitation id="131CDDFEEC037452FEE52CC0C5F9F81A" box="[357,468,1925,1949]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1794,1817]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,265,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[158,1429,265,1773]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 14. Leucascus flavus sp. nov (ZMAPOR 13145, holotype). A, Preserved specimen; B, Cortical membrane; C, Apical actine of a tetractine projected into the lumen of a tube; D, Atrial membrane; E, Conical triactine; F, Slightly conical triactine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221866/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Figure 14</figureCitation>
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E, F): Regular. Actines are slightly conical or conical, straight, with sharp tips; (
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<emphasis id="B9531D69EC037452FF502CEFC4CDF846" box="[208,224,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">ii</emphasis>
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) Tetractines (
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<figureCitation id="131CDDFEEC037452FEFF2CECC5DCF846" box="[383,497,1961,1985]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="24.[151,250,997,1020]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,479,973]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[158,1428,479,973]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 15. Leucascus flavus sp. nov (ZMAPOR 13145, holotype). A, Tetractine; B, Apical actine of a tetractine with spines (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221867/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Figure 15</figureCitation>
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A): Regular. Actines are slightly conical. The apical actine is commonly straight, thinner than the basal actines, and ornamented with spines (
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<figureCitation id="131CDDFEEC037452FCB22C88C78CF862" box="[818,929,1997,2021]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="24.[151,250,997,1020]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,479,973]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[158,1428,479,973]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 15. Leucascus flavus sp. nov (ZMAPOR 13145, holotype). A, Tetractine; B, Apical actine of a tetractine with spines (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221867/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Figure 15</figureCitation>
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B).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF5891F3EC0C745DFF172BD2C00CFF28" ID-Table-UUID="DF5891F3EC0C745DFF172BD2C00CFF28" box="[151,1057,151,175]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5891F3EC0C745DFF172BD2C00CFF28" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" targetBox="[160,1426,208,406]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="24">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC0C745DFF172BD2C00CFF28" blockId="24.[151,1057,151,175]" box="[151,1057,151,175]" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC0C745DFF172BD2C527FF28" bold="true" box="[151,266,151,175]" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">TABLE 9.</emphasis>
|
|
Spicules measurements (µm) of the holotype of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC0C745DFC922BDDC7E5FF28" box="[786,968,152,175]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flavus" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC0C745DFC922BDDC7E5FF28" box="[786,968,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Leucascus flavus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260A012EC0C745DFC4E2BDDC00CFF28" box="[974,1057,152,175]" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC0C745DFE862B95C1BFFE11" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
|
|
<table id="F92733DBEC0C8BBAFF202B95C1BFFE11" box="[160,1426,208,406]" gridcols="9" gridrows="5" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
|
|
<tr id="3517C339EC0C8BBAFF202B95C1BFFF60" box="[160,1426,208,231]" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
|
<th id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFF202B95C572FF60" box="[160,351,208,231]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC0C745DFE862B95C572FF60" bold="true" box="[262,351,208,231]" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Spicules</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFE602B95C60BFF60" box="[480,550,208,231]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC0C745DFE602B95C60BFF60" bold="true" box="[480,550,208,231]" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Actine</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFD3A2B95C77AFF60" box="[698,855,208,231]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC0C745DFD3B2B94C76FFF60" bold="true" box="[699,834,208,231]" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Length (µm)</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFBCC2B95C0C7FF60" box="[1100,1258,208,231]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC0C745DFBCF2B95C0E3FF60" bold="true" box="[1103,1230,208,231]" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Width (µm)</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFAF12B95C1BFFF60" box="[1393,1426,208,231]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC0C745DFAF12B94C1AEFF61" bold="true" box="[1393,1411,209,230]" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">N</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="3517C339EC0C8BBAFF202BB9C1BFFE95" box="[160,1426,252,274]" gridrow="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-8="1">
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFDD32BB9C6A3FE95" box="[595,654,252,274]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Min</td>
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFD3A2BB9C77AFE95" box="[698,855,252,274]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Mean SD</td>
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFCFC2BB9C791FE95" box="[892,956,252,274]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Max</td>
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFC622BB9C00CFE95" box="[994,1057,252,274]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Min</td>
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFBCC2BB9C0C7FE95" box="[1100,1258,252,274]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Mean SD</td>
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFA8E2BB9C162FE95" box="[1294,1359,252,274]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Max</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="3517C339EC0C8BBAFF202A6DC1BFFEB9" box="[160,1426,296,318]" gridrow="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" rowspan-1="1">
|
|
<th id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFF202A6DC572FEB9" box="[160,351,296,318]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Triactine</th>
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFDD32A6DC6A3FEB9" box="[595,654,296,318]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">70.0</td>
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFD3A2A6DC77AFEB9" box="[698,855,296,318]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">100.9 9.5</td>
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFCFC2A6DC791FEB9" box="[892,956,296,318]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">120.0</td>
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFC622A6DC00CFEB9" box="[994,1057,296,318]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">7.5</td>
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFBCC2A6DC0C7FEB9" box="[1100,1258,296,318]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">9.7 1.1</td>
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFA8E2A6DC162FEB9" box="[1294,1359,296,318]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">12.5</td>
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFAF12A6DC1BFFEB9" box="[1393,1426,296,318]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">30</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="3517C339EC0C8BBAFF202A11C1BFFEED" box="[160,1426,340,362]" gridrow="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
|
|
<th id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFF202A11C572FEED" box="[160,351,340,362]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Tetractine</th>
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFE602A11C60BFEED" box="[480,550,340,362]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Basal</td>
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFDD32A11C6A3FEED" box="[595,654,340,362]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">75.0</td>
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFD3A2A11C77AFEED" box="[698,855,340,362]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">98.7 7.4</td>
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFCFC2A11C791FEED" box="[892,956,340,362]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">115.0</td>
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFC622A11C00CFEED" box="[994,1057,340,362]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">7.5</td>
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFBCC2A11C0C7FEED" box="[1100,1258,340,362]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">8.9 1.3</td>
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFA8E2A11C162FEED" box="[1294,1359,340,362]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">10.0</td>
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFAF12A11C1BFFEED" box="[1393,1426,340,362]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">30</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="3517C339EC0C8BBAFF202AC5C1BFFE11" box="[160,1426,384,406]" gridrow="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" rowspan-0="1">
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFE602AC5C60BFE11" box="[480,550,384,406]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Apical</td>
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFDD32AC5C6A3FE11" box="[595,654,384,406]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">41.3</td>
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFD3A2AC5C77AFE11" box="[698,855,384,406]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">49.6 5.3</td>
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFCFC2AC5C791FE11" box="[892,956,384,406]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">60.7</td>
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFC622AC5C00CFE11" box="[994,1057,384,406]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">3.6</td>
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFBCC2AC5C0C7FE11" box="[1100,1258,384,406]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">4.2 0.6</td>
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFA8E2AC5C162FE11" box="[1294,1359,384,406]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">4.9</td>
|
|
<td id="76C6AA45EC0C8BBAFAF12AC5C1BFFE11" box="[1393,1426,384,406]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">30</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF5891F3EC0C745DFF1728A0C4CEFB9C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221867/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" targetBox="[162,1428,479,973]" targetPageId="24">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC0C745DFF1728A0C4CEFB9C" blockId="24.[151,1436,997,1051]" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC0C745DFF1728A0C532FC7C" bold="true" box="[151,287,997,1020]" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC0C745DFEA628A2C5FEFC7B" box="[294,467,998,1020]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flavus" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC0C745DFEA628A2C5FEFC7B" box="[294,467,998,1020]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Leucascus flavus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260A012EC0C745DFE5928A2C60FFC7B" box="[473,546,999,1020]" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
(ZMAPOR 13145, holotype). A, Tetractine; B, Apical actine of a tetractine with spines (SEM).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C33D92F0EC0C745DFF472F02C172FB4C" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC0C745DFF472F02C172FB4C" blockId="24.[151,1437,1095,1299]" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC0C745DFF472F02C5D1FBD8" box="[199,508,1095,1119]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
|
|
Remarks:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC0C745DFEB92F0DC5D1FBD8" box="[313,508,1096,1119]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="roseus">Leucascus roseus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
is most similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC0C745DFD4B2F0DC701FBD8" box="[715,812,1095,1119]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flavus" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC0C745DFD4B2F0DC701FBD8" box="[715,812,1095,1119]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">L. flavus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260A012EC0C745DFCB32F0DC7A4FBD8" box="[819,905,1096,1119]" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
Both species present a cortical skeleton mainly composed of triactines and an atrial skeleton mainly with tetractines. Nevertheless,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC0C745DFBE12F29C0E8FB04" box="[1121,1221,1131,1155]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flavus" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC0C745DFBE12F29C0E8FB04" box="[1121,1221,1131,1155]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">L. flavus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260A012EC0C745DFB4F2F29C104FB04" box="[1231,1321,1132,1155]" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
is yellow alive, while
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC0C745DFEA12FD5C5AAFB20" box="[289,391,1168,1191]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="roseus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC0C745DFEA12FD5C5AAFB20" box="[289,391,1168,1191]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">L. roseus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is pink. Other important differences between these species are the tip of the actines, sharp in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC0C745DFF172FF1C4DAFB4C" box="[151,247,1203,1227]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flavus" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC0C745DFF172FF1C4DAFB4C" box="[151,247,1203,1227]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">L. flavus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260A012EC0C745DFF7E2FF1C578FB4C" box="[254,341,1204,1227]" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
and blunt in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC0C745DFE682FF1C663FB4C" box="[488,590,1204,1227]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="roseus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC0C745DFE682FF1C663FB4C" box="[488,590,1204,1227]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">L. roseus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and the choanocyte tubes, which are more hispid in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C27BAF8EC0C745DFB212FF1C12FFB4C" box="[1185,1282,1203,1227]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flavus" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC0C745DFB212FF1C12FFB4C" box="[1185,1282,1203,1227]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">L. flavus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260A012EC0C745DFA892FF1C172FB4C" box="[1289,1375,1204,1227]" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C33D92F0EC0C745DFF472F92C55AFA94" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B98C17BEC0C745DFF472F92C55AFA94" blockId="24.[151,1437,1095,1299]" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC0C745DFF472F92C574FB68" box="[199,345,1239,1263]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
|
Indian Ocean. Sulawesi, Bone Baku,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F33081EBEC0C745DFC852F92C75BFB68" box="[773,886,1239,1263]" name="Indonesia" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
|
. Spalding
|
|
<emphasis id="B9531D69EC0C745DFC6C2F9DC033FB68" box="[1004,1054,1239,1263]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. (2007) corresponding ecoregion: Northeast Sulawesi.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |