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<document id="4B7CE7C7D7C79E9BBB7287A4C8684D23" ID-CLB-Dataset="6283" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.14.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="51b94a35-ec49-422c-aae7-0d8bd153d2ce" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4778755" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1621603376933" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Trovó, Marcelo &amp; Sano, Paulo Takeo" docDate="2010" docId="03E0D24454634929DCDE99EFA24BFBAC" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytotaxa.14.49-55.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 14" docSource="http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.14.1.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E765CC7F3D29AC31B7D5F874DD99C2DD.4:Phytotaxa.2009-2010.journal_article" docStyleId="E765CC7F3D29AC31B7D5F874DD99C2DD" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2009-2010.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Paepalanthus (sect. Diphyomene) Ruhland 1903" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="FFD9AA3C5462492BDC49990BA170FFA8" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic survey of Paepalanthus section Diphyomene (Eriocaulaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="55" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1698940779561" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="B62AEC06DFD6436EA8514B977EB20BAB">Taxonomic survey of Paepalanthus section Diphyomene (Eriocaulaceae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03E0D24454634929DCDE99EFA24BFBAC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4968150" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182597774" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4968150" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E0D24454634929DCDE99EFA24BFBAC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E0D24454634929DCDE99EFA24BFBAC" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
<subSubSection id="C35330D95463492ADCDE99EFA5ABFF56" box="[151,1243,228,254]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF663525463492ADCDE99EFA5ABFF56" blockId="1.[151,1436,228,254]" box="[151,1243,228,254]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
<heading id="D0BED43E5463492ADCDE99EFA5ABFF56" box="[151,1243,228,254]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D15463492ADCDE99EFA3F5FF56" authority="Ruhland" authorityName="Ruhland" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,645,228,254]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Diphyomene">
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADCDE99EFA04DFF56" bold="true" box="[151,317,228,254]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Paepalanthus</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADDC899EFA36AFF56" bold="true" box="[385,538,228,254]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Diphyomene</emphasis>
Ruhland
</taxonomicName>
in Engler,
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADF4199EFA20FFF55" box="[776,895,228,253]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Pflanzenr.</emphasis>
IV. 30 (Heft 13): 184 (1903).
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35330D95463492AD8AA99EFA5F5FE16" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF663525463492AD8AA99EFA38CFE8C" blockId="1.[151,1436,228,254]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1436,266,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
<typeStatus id="54F2DDF05463492AD8AA99EFA428FF56" box="[1251,1368,228,254]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(here designated):
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D15463492ADD129801A38CFE8C" ID-CoL="4BZ3X" authority="Ruhland." authorityName="Ruhland." box="[347,764,266,292]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="urbanianus">
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADD129801A3F9FE8B" box="[347,649,266,291]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Paepalanthus urbanianus</emphasis>
Ruhland.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF663525463492ADCDE983AA526FED9" blockId="1.[151,1436,266,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADCDE983AA1DBFEE2" box="[151,171,305,330]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">=</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D15463492ADCFB983AA371FEE3" authority="" authorityName="Ruhland" authorityYear="1903" box="[178,513,305,331]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Diphyomene">
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADCFB983AA023FEE2" box="[178,339,305,330]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Paepalanthus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADD2D983AA088FEE2" box="[356,504,305,330]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Diphyomene</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
[unranked]
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADED1983AA3AFFEE2" box="[664,735,305,330]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Vestiti</emphasis>
Ruhland in Engler,
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADF82983AA54BFEE2" box="[971,1083,305,330]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Pflanzenr</emphasis>
. IV. 30 (Heft 13): 184 (1903).
<typeStatus id="54F2DDF05463492ADC8C9853A04AFEDA" box="[197,314,344,370]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(here designated):
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D15463492ADE529853A294FEDA" ID-CoL="75KMB" authority="Ruhland" authorityName="Ruhland" authorityYear="1903" box="[539,996,344,370]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acanthophyllus">
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADE529853A207FED9" box="[539,887,344,369]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Paepalanthus acanthophyllus</emphasis>
Ruhland
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADFB99853A526FED9" box="[1008,1110,344,369]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E023B5463492ADFB99853A526FED9" box="[1008,1110,344,369]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF663525463492ADCDE9874A5F5FE16" blockId="1.[151,1436,266,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADCDE9874A1DBFE30" box="[151,171,383,408]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">=</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D15463492ADCFD9874A365FE30" authority="" authorityName="Ruhland" authorityYear="1903" box="[180,533,382,408]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Diphyomene">
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADCFD9874A02DFE30" box="[180,349,383,408]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Paepalanthus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADD389874A37BFE30" box="[369,523,383,408]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Diphyomene</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
[unranked]
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADEF19874A27FFE30" box="[696,783,383,408]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Foliosi</emphasis>
Ruhland in Engler,
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492AD8449874A5F4FE30" box="[1037,1156,383,408]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Pflanzenr</emphasis>
. IV. 30 (Heft 13): 184 (1903).
<typeStatus id="54F2DDF05463492ADD6B98AEA0E7FE17" box="[290,407,421,447]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(here designated):
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D15463492ADE3198AEA563FE17" ID-CoL="4BZ3X" authority="Ruhland" authorityName="Ruhland" box="[632,1043,421,447]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="urbanianus">
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADE3198AEA2D6FE16" box="[632,934,421,446]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Paepalanthus urbanianus</emphasis>
Ruhland
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492AD85698AEA5F5FE16" box="[1055,1157,421,446]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E023B5463492AD85698AEA5F5FE16" box="[1055,1157,421,446]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35330D95463492ADC8F98C7A199FB6C" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF663525463492ADC8F98C7A199FB6C" blockId="1.[151,1436,266,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
Herbs,
<quantity id="4CB1CEB75463492ADD5798C7A0F4FE4E" box="[286,388,460,486]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="1.7" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="0.4">
0.4
<specimenCount id="9D4FA8DB5463492ADD1D98C7A0F4FE4E" box="[340,388,460,486]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="generic">3 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Rhizome present, aerial stem 0.55.0 cm long. Rosette leaves persistent or deciduous when flowering, linear to lanceolate, flat, patent to contort, 1.535.0 × 0.13.0 cm, glabrous or hairy on both surfaces, margin entire, ciliate or glabrous, apex rounded to acuminate. Reproductive axis elongate, erect,
<quantity id="4CB1CEB75463492AD9399B12A19FFDF2" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" metricValueMax="2.95" metricValueMin="0.16999999999999998" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" unit="cm" value="156.0" valueMax="295.0" valueMin="17.0">17 295 cm</quantity>
long, 0.22.0 cm diam., glabrous; reproductive axis bracts linear to lanceolate, chartaceous, recurved to erect 1.515.0 × 0.32.0 cm, glabrous or hairy on both surfaces, apex round to acuminate, margin entire, ciliate or glabrous, base semi-amplexicaul to amplexicaul. Spathes 2.0
<quantity id="4CB1CEB75463492ADFA59B86A54CFD0F" box="[1004,1084,653,679]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" unit="cm" value="8.5">8.5 cm</quantity>
long, glabrous, apex opening oblique, acute. Scapes 10850, arranged in spherical to obconical umbels,
<quantity id="4CB1CEB75463492AD84C9BBFA50AFD66" box="[1029,1146,692,718]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" unit="cm" value="25.0" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="18.0">1832 cm</quantity>
long, glabrous. Capitula
<quantity id="4CB1CEB75463492ADCDE9BD1A06EFD5C" box="[151,286,730,756]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" unit="cm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.5">0.51.5 cm</quantity>
diam., discoid to semi-spherical; involucral bracts in 3 to 5 series, light-brown to dark-brown, obovate to ovate, concave, ca.
<quantity id="4CB1CEB75463492ADE509A0AA31DFCB3" box="[537,621,769,795]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" unit="cm" value="0.3">0.3 cm</quantity>
long., glabrous, margin ciliate or glabrous, apex obtuse to acute; receptacle semi-spherical, hairy. Flowers dimerous, 50 to 350 per capitulum; floral bracts linear, light-brown to dark-brown, concave, hairy or glabrous on the abaxial surface, ciliate or glabrous toward the apex, apex acute; staminate flowers ca.
<quantity id="4CB1CEB75463492ADDBB9A7EA334FC27" box="[498,580,885,911]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" unit="cm" value="0.3">0.3 cm</quantity>
long; pedicel ca.
<quantity id="4CB1CEB75463492ADF569A7EA201FC27" box="[799,881,885,911]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" unit="cm" value="0.1">0.1 cm</quantity>
long, with long hairs; sepals navicular, lightbrown to golden, hairy or glabrous on the abaxial surface, ciliate toward the apex, apex rounded to acute; anthophore carnose, elongated; corolla tubular, hyaline, membranaceous; stamens free; anthers dithecoustetrasporangiate, pistillodes 2, papillose; pistillate flowers disposed in concentric bands, ca.
<quantity id="4CB1CEB75463492AD8AD9AE2A449FBAB" box="[1252,1337,1001,1027]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" unit="cm" value="0.3">0.3 cm</quantity>
, sessile; sepals dolabriform, light-brown to golden, hairy or glabrous on abaxial surface, ciliate toward the apex, apex obtuse; petals obovate, membranaceous to carnose, hyaline, hairy or glabrous on abaxial surface, ciliate or glabrous toward the apex, apex rounded to acute; gynoecium with bifid stigmatic branches and simple nectariferous branches; staminodes absent. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds with reticulate surface, red to brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35330D954634929DC8F9DDAA313FF57" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF663525463492ADC8F9DDAA04AF8A0" blockId="1.[151,1436,266,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
Bongard (1831) described the first six Brazilian species of
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D15463492ADFD89DDAA565FB42" box="[913,1045,1233,1258]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Eriocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADFD89DDAA565FB42" box="[913,1045,1233,1258]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Eriocaulon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. as bearing dimerous flowers, three of them under the
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADD889DF3A3D7FAB9" box="[449,679,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Staminibus duobus</emphasis>
[unranked] taxon.
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA35463492ADFDD9DF3A51DFABA" author="Koernicke, F." box="[916,1133,1272,1298]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" pagination="312 - 320" refId="ref5094" refString="Koernicke, F. (1863) Eriocaulaceae. In: Martius, C. F. P. &amp; Eichler A. W. (eds.), Flora Brasiliensis 3 (1). Typographia Regia, Munchen, pp. 312 - 320." type="book chapter" year="1863">Koernicke (1863)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D15463492AD8BD9DF3A3D5FA90" authority="Koernicke (1863: 312)" authorityName="Koernicke" authorityPageNumber="312" authorityYear="1863" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Dimeranthus">
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492AD8BD9DF3A4EBFAB9" box="[1268,1435,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Paepalanthus</emphasis>
subgen.
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADCB09C14A0E2FA90" box="[249,402,1311,1336]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Dimeranthus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA35463492ADDD09C15A3D5FA90" author="Koernicke, F." box="[409,677,1310,1336]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" pagination="312 - 320" refId="ref5094" refString="Koernicke, F. (1863) Eriocaulaceae. In: Martius, C. F. P. &amp; Eichler A. W. (eds.), Flora Brasiliensis 3 (1). Typographia Regia, Munchen, pp. 312 - 320." type="book chapter" year="1863">Koernicke (1863: 312)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
to accommodate these species.
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA35463492AD8549C15A59DFA90" author="Koernicke, F." box="[1053,1261,1310,1336]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" pagination="312 - 320" refId="ref5094" refString="Koernicke, F. (1863) Eriocaulaceae. In: Martius, C. F. P. &amp; Eichler A. W. (eds.), Flora Brasiliensis 3 (1). Typographia Regia, Munchen, pp. 312 - 320." type="book chapter" year="1863">Koernicke (1863)</bibRefCitation>
also described five new species, reduced to the status of synonym under those described earlier by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA35463492AD8249C4EA47CFAF7" author="Kunth, C. S." box="[1133,1292,1349,1375]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" pagination="492 - 580" refId="ref5142" refString="Kunth, C. S. (1841) Eriocauleae. In: Enumeratio Plantarum, vol. 3. J. G. Cottae, Stuttgart, pp. 492 - 580." type="book chapter" year="1841">Kunth (1841)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA35463492AD90C9C4EA197FA2E" author="Steudel, E. G." pageId="1" pageNumber="50" refId="ref5725" refString="Steudel, E. G. (1855) Synopsis Plantarum Glumacearum, vol. 2. J. B. Metzler, Stuttgart, 348 pp." type="book" year="1855">Steudel (1855)</bibRefCitation>
, and constructed the first identification key for the species of this group. In this key,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA35463492AD8859C67A4ECFA2E" author="Koernicke, F." box="[1228,1436,1388,1414]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" pagination="312 - 320" refId="ref5094" refString="Koernicke, F. (1863) Eriocaulaceae. In: Martius, C. F. P. &amp; Eichler A. W. (eds.), Flora Brasiliensis 3 (1). Typographia Regia, Munchen, pp. 312 - 320." type="book chapter" year="1863">Koernicke (1863)</bibRefCitation>
distributed all into three groups: plants with short stems, plants with robust and elongated stems, and plants with gracile and elongated stems. The species belonging to
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D15463492ADF149CB2A475FA7A" authorityName="Koernicke" authorityYear="1863" box="[861,1285,1465,1491]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Dimeranthus">
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADF149CB2A28FFA7A" box="[861,1023,1465,1490]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Paepalanthus</emphasis>
subgen.
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492AD8229CB2A475FA7A" box="[1131,1285,1465,1490]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Dimeranthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were placed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA35463492ADCF49CEBA007FA52" author="Ruhland W." box="[189,375,1504,1530]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref5563" refString="Ruhland W. (1903) Eriocaulaceae. In: Engler, A. (Ed.), Das Pflanzenreich IV. 30 (Heft 13). W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 294." type="book chapter" year="1903">Ruhland (1903)</bibRefCitation>
into three categories of his
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D15463492ADE8D9CEBA4ECFA52" authority="Ruhland (1903: 122)" authorityName="Ruhland" authorityPageNumber="122" authorityYear="1903" box="[708,1436,1504,1530]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Paepalocephalus">
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADE8D9CEBA216FA51" box="[708,870,1504,1529]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Paepalanthus</emphasis>
subgen.
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADF989CEBA5ECFA51" box="[977,1180,1504,1529]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Paepalocephalus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA35463492AD8ED9CEBA4ECFA52" author="Ruhland W." box="[1188,1436,1504,1530]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref5563" refString="Ruhland W. (1903) Eriocaulaceae. In: Engler, A. (Ed.), Das Pflanzenreich IV. 30 (Heft 13). W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 294." type="book chapter" year="1903">Ruhland (1903: 122)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(which should be correctly named
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D15463492ADE2A9F0CA530F988" authority="subgen. Paepalanthus" box="[611,1088,1542,1568]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Paepalanthus">
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADE2A9F0CA265F988" box="[611,789,1543,1568]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Paepalanthus</emphasis>
subgen.
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADFC79F0CA530F988" box="[910,1088,1543,1568]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Paepalanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as it includes the
<typeStatus id="54F2DDF05463492AD9099F0DA407F988" box="[1344,1399,1542,1568]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D15463492ADCDE9F26A030F9EE" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1834" box="[151,320,1581,1606]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADCDE9F26A030F9EE" box="[151,320,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Paepalanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
):
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D15463492ADD159F26A29EF9EF" authority="Ruhland (1903: 181)" authorityName="Ruhland" authorityPageNumber="181" authorityYear="1903" box="[348,1006,1581,1607]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Conodiscus">
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADD159F26A375F9EE" box="[348,517,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Paepalanthus</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADE199F26A3AFF9EE" box="[592,735,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Conodiscus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA35463492ADEA09F26A29EF9EF" author="Ruhland W." box="[745,1006,1581,1607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref5563" refString="Ruhland W. (1903) Eriocaulaceae. In: Engler, A. (Ed.), Das Pflanzenreich IV. 30 (Heft 13). W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 294." type="book chapter" year="1903">Ruhland (1903: 181)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D15463492ADFB49F26A4ECF9EE" box="[1021,1436,1581,1607]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Eriocaulopsis">
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADFB49F26A5D6F9EE" box="[1021,1190,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Paepalanthus</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492AD8B89F26A4ECF9EE" box="[1265,1436,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Eriocaulopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[unranked]
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADD6E9F5FA00EF9C5" box="[295,382,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Dimeri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA35463492ADDC19F5FA3FDF9C6" author="Ruhland W." box="[392,653,1620,1646]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref5563" refString="Ruhland W. (1903) Eriocaulaceae. In: Engler, A. (Ed.), Das Pflanzenreich IV. 30 (Heft 13). W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 294." type="book chapter" year="1903">Ruhland (1903: 166)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADE989F5FA398F9C5" box="[721,744,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">P.</emphasis>
sect.
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D15463492ADF7B9F5FA2BCF9C5" authorityName="Ruhland" authorityYear="1903" box="[818,972,1620,1645]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Diphyomene">
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADF7B9F5FA2BCF9C5" box="[818,972,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Diphyomene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the latter being subdivided into two categories:
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D15463492ADD549F70A0CEF93C" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1834" box="[285,446,1659,1684]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADD549F70A0CEF93C" box="[285,446,1659,1684]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Paepalanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[unranked]
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADE049F70A3E4F93C" box="[589,660,1659,1684]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Vestiti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA35463492ADED59F71A2E3F93C" author="Ruhland W." box="[668,915,1658,1684]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref5563" refString="Ruhland W. (1903) Eriocaulaceae. In: Engler, A. (Ed.), Das Pflanzenreich IV. 30 (Heft 13). W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 294." type="book chapter" year="1903">Ruhland (1903: 184)</bibRefCitation>
, with equal-sized leaves along the stem, and
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D15463492ADCDE9FAAA048F912" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1834" box="[151,312,1697,1722]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADCDE9FAAA048F912" box="[151,312,1697,1722]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Paepalanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[unranked]
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADD8E9FAAA36AF912" box="[455,538,1697,1722]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Foliosi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA35463492ADE6B9FAAA268F913" author="Ruhland W." box="[546,792,1697,1723]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref5563" refString="Ruhland W. (1903) Eriocaulaceae. In: Engler, A. (Ed.), Das Pflanzenreich IV. 30 (Heft 13). W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 294." type="book chapter" year="1903">Ruhland (1903: 184)</bibRefCitation>
, with leaves of different sizes on both the stem and the basal rosette. Besides the supra-specific categories,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA35463492ADEB89FC3A2DAF94A" author="Ruhland W." box="[753,938,1736,1762]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref5563" refString="Ruhland W. (1903) Eriocaulaceae. In: Engler, A. (Ed.), Das Pflanzenreich IV. 30 (Heft 13). W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 294." type="book chapter" year="1903">Ruhland (1903)</bibRefCitation>
also described three new species and three new varieties.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF6635254634929DC8F9E1EA313FF57" blockId="1.[151,1436,266,2032]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,152,1028]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
Later, most taxonomic papers dealing with
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADE8D9E1EA3ADF886" box="[708,733,1813,1838]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">P.</emphasis>
section
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D15463492ADF759E1EA2A0F886" authorityName="Ruhland" authorityYear="1903" box="[828,976,1813,1838]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Diphyomene">
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADF759E1EA2A0F886" box="[828,976,1813,1838]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Diphyomene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were descriptions of new taxa.
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA35463492AD90F9E1EA196F8FE" author="Herzog, T." pageId="1" pageNumber="50" pagination="82 - 88" refId="ref5072" refString="Herzog, T. (1924) Neue Sudamerikanische Eriocaulonaceae. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 20: 82 - 88." type="journal article" year="1924">Herzog (1924)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D15463492ADD219E37A274F8FE" authority="Herzog" authorityName="Herzog" box="[360,772,1852,1878]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chiquitensis">
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADD219E37A3D2F8FD" box="[360,674,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Paepalanthus chiquitensis</emphasis>
Herzog
</taxonomicName>
, from
<collectingCountry id="F35E23C25463492ADF1D9E37A2DEF8FE" box="[852,942,1852,1878]" name="Bolivia" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, besides extending the distribution of the group.
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA35463492ADCA79E69A0EDF8D4" author="Silveira, A. A." box="[238,413,1890,1916]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" refId="ref5677" refString="Silveira, A. A. (1908) Flora e serras Mineiras. Imprensa Official, Bello Horizonte, 79 p." type="book" year="1908">Silveira (1908</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA35463492ADDE29E69A098F8D4" author="Silveira, A. A." box="[427,488,1890,1916]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" refId="ref5700" refString="Silveira, A. A. (1928) Floralia Montium, vol. 1. Imprensa Official, Bello Horizonte, 426 pp." type="book" year="1928">1928</bibRefCitation>
) described four species and three varieties based on his own collections from
<collectingRegion id="498DADB05463492ADCDE9E82A04BF80B" box="[151,315,1929,1955]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35E23C25463492ADD019E82A0E5F80B" box="[328,405,1929,1955]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA35463492ADDE89E82A31AF80B" author="Moldenke, H. N." box="[417,618,1929,1955]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" pagination="10 - 13" refId="ref5379" refString="Moldenke, H. N. (1952) Eriocaulaceae. Boletin de la sociedad Venezolana de ciencias naturales 14: 10 - 13." type="journal article" year="1952">Moldenke (1952</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA35463492ADE319E82A3C6F80B" author="Moldenke, H. N." box="[632,694,1929,1955]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" pagination="489 - 490" refId="ref5404" refString="Moldenke, H. N. (1964) Notes on new and noteworthy plants XLI. Phytologia 10 (6): 489 - 490." type="journal article" year="1964">1964</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA35463492ADE8D9E82A272F80B" author="Moldenke, H. N." box="[708,770,1929,1955]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" pagination="417 - 419" refId="ref5431" refString="Moldenke, H. N. (1971) More new pipeworts from Brazil, a chastetree from Ceylon, and new names in Premna. Phytologia 21: 417 - 419." type="journal article" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA35463492ADF599E82A23EF80B" author="Moldenke, H. N." box="[784,846,1929,1955]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" pagination="466 - 467" refId="ref5464" refString="Moldenke, H. N. (1974) Notes on new and noteworthy plants LXX. Phytologia 28 (5): 466 - 467." type="journal article" year="1974">1974</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA35463492ADF159E82A2EAF80B" author="Moldenke, H. N." box="[860,922,1929,1955]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" pagination="330" refId="ref5491" refString="Moldenke, H. N. (1978) Notes on new and noteworthy plants CXII. Phytologia 39 (5): 330." type="journal article" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA35463492ADFE19E82A296F80B" author="Moldenke, H. N." box="[936,998,1929,1955]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" pagination="414" refId="ref5516" refString="Moldenke, H. N. (1983) Notes on new and noteworthy plants CLXIV. Phytologia 52: 414." type="journal article" year="1983">1983</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA35463492ADFBA9E82A540F80B" author="Moldenke, H. N." box="[1011,1072,1929,1955]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" pagination="444" refId="ref5538" refString="Moldenke, H. N. (1987) Notes on new and noteworthy plants CLXXIX. Phytologia 61 (7): 444." type="journal article" year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
) described two species, seven varieties and two forms, the majority occurring in Brazilian savannas.
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA35463492AD80C9EBBA464F862" author="Schultes, R. E." box="[1093,1300,1968,1994]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" pagination="187 - 188" refId="ref5652" refString="Schultes, R. E. (1954) Plantae Austro-Americanae IX. Botanical Museum Leaflets 16 (8): 187 - 188." type="journal article" year="1954">Schultes (1954)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D15463492ADCDE9EDCA3E6F858" authority="R. E. Schultes" authorityName="R. E. Schultes" box="[151,662,2006,2032]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="moldenkeanus">
<emphasis id="B93DBF405463492ADCDE9EDCA081F858" box="[151,497,2007,2032]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Paepalanthus moldenkeanus</emphasis>
R.E.Schultes
</taxonomicName>
collected in Colombian savannas.
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA35463492AD8099EDDA5A4F858" author="Sano, P. T." box="[1088,1236,2006,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" pagination="99 - 107" refId="ref5604" refString="Sano, P. T. (2004) Actinocephalus (Korn.) Sano (Paepalanthus sect. Actinocephalus), a new genus of Eriocaulaceae, and other taxonomic and nomenclatural changes involving Paepalanthus Mart. Taxon 53 (1): 99 - 107." type="journal article" year="2004">Sano (2004)</bibRefCitation>
proposed a new name for the homonym
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D154604929DDFE9993A58FFF1A" authority="(Bong.) Koern. Finally, Trovo &amp; Sano (2010)" authorityName="Koern. Finally, Trovo &amp; Sano" authorityYear="2010" baseAuthorityName="Bong." box="[439,1279,152,178]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="speciosus">
<emphasis id="B93DBF4054604929DDFE9993A3A5FF19" box="[439,725,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Paepalanthus speciosus</emphasis>
(Bong.) Koern. Finally,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA354604929DFB49993A58FFF1A" author="Trovo, M. &amp; Sano, P. T." box="[1021,1279,152,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" pagination="275 - 278" refId="ref5846" refString="Trovo, M. &amp; Sano, P. T. (2010) Nomenclatural and taxonomic changes involving Paepalanthus (Eriocaulaceae) from Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais, Brazil. Kew Bulletin 65: 275 - 278." type="journal article" year="2010">Trovó &amp; Sano (2010)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
designated a
<typeStatus id="54F2DDF054604929DCDE99B5A07FFF70" box="[151,271,190,216]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
for
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D154604929DD0299B4A233FF70" authority="Moldenke" authorityName="Moldenke" box="[331,835,190,216]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neocaldensis">
<emphasis id="B93DBF4054604929DD0299B4A3C2FF70" box="[331,690,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Paepalanthus neocaldensis</emphasis>
Moldenke
</taxonomicName>
, and considered this name as synonymous of
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D154604929DCDE99EEA313FF57" authority="(Bong.) Kunth." box="[151,611,229,255]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flaccidus">
<emphasis id="B93DBF4054604929DCDE99EEA0D8FF56" box="[151,424,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Paepalanthus flaccidus</emphasis>
(Bong.) Kunth.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35330D954604929DC8F9807A06EFDF3" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF6635254604929DC8F9807A06EFDF3" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,1028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
Trovó
<emphasis id="B93DBF4054604929DD5D9807A03EFE8D" box="[276,334,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
(2010) when detailing the morphology and anatomy of inflorescences in
<emphasis id="B93DBF4054604929D8E19807A5B1FE8D" box="[1192,1217,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">P.</emphasis>
sect.
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D154604929D9499807A4E4FE8D" authorityName="Ruhland" authorityYear="1903" box="[1280,1428,268,293]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Diphyomene">
<emphasis id="B93DBF4054604929D9499807A4E4FE8D" box="[1280,1428,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Diphyomene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, concluded that there are two inflorescence
<typeStatus id="54F2DDF054604929DEDB9839A3A0FEE4" box="[658,720,306,332]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">types</typeStatus>
in this group, implying a further division. Species of the socalled group A correspond to those described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA354604929DE999852A2EFFEDB" author="Koernicke, F." box="[720,927,345,371]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" pagination="312 - 320" refId="ref5094" refString="Koernicke, F. (1863) Eriocaulaceae. In: Martius, C. F. P. &amp; Eichler A. W. (eds.), Flora Brasiliensis 3 (1). Typographia Regia, Munchen, pp. 312 - 320." type="book chapter" year="1863">Koernicke (1863)</bibRefCitation>
as having robust, elongated stems, whereas those of group B correspond to the species having gracile, elongated stems (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA354604929D878988BA588FE32" author="Koernicke, F." box="[1073,1272,384,410]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" pagination="312 - 320" refId="ref5094" refString="Koernicke, F. (1863) Eriocaulaceae. In: Martius, C. F. P. &amp; Eichler A. W. (eds.), Flora Brasiliensis 3 (1). Typographia Regia, Munchen, pp. 312 - 320." type="book chapter" year="1863">Koernicke 1863</bibRefCitation>
). Trovó
<emphasis id="B93DBF4054604929D916988BA4ECFE31" box="[1375,1436,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
(2010) also pointed out that group A species may be monocarpic and have leaves arranged in a basal rosette during the vegetative period, whereas group B species are always perennial and never present leaves in rosette form. Thus, with the morphological and life history evidence now available, the distinction proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD81EA354604929DCDE9B11A021FD9C" author="Ruhland W." box="[151,337,538,564]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref5563" refString="Ruhland W. (1903) Eriocaulaceae. In: Engler, A. (Ed.), Das Pflanzenreich IV. 30 (Heft 13). W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 294." type="book chapter" year="1903">Ruhland (1903)</bibRefCitation>
is of limited taxonomic value, only reflecting characters observed in herbarium reproductive collections.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35330D954604929DC8F9B63A24BFBAC" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF6635254604929DC8F9B63A5E7FD5E" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,1028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D154604929DC8F9B63A31BFD29" authorityName="Ruhland" authorityYear="1903" box="[198,619,616,642]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Diphyomene">
<emphasis id="B93DBF4054604929DC8F9B63A017FD29" box="[198,359,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Paepalanthus</emphasis>
section
<emphasis id="B93DBF4054604929DD9E9B63A31BFD29" box="[471,619,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Diphyomene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comprises 10 species distributed throughout savannas and rocky outcrops in tropical
<location id="8E96358954604929DDCA9B85A301FD00" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E0D24454634929DCDE99EFA24BFBAC:8E96358954604929DDCA9B85A301FD00" box="[387,625,654,680]" name="South America. The" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" stateProvince="Goias">South America. The</location>
center of species diversity is located in the savannas of the Brazilian state of
<collectingRegion id="498DADB054604929DCBF9BBEA04EFD67" box="[246,318,693,719]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Goiás</collectingRegion>
. Most species are narrowly distributed and the limit of geographical distribution is given only by the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D154604929DDDC9BD7A3B9FD5D" box="[405,713,732,757]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chiquitensis">
<emphasis id="B93DBF4054604929DDDC9BD7A3B9FD5D" box="[405,713,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Paepalanthus chiquitensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D154604929DF4B9BD7A5E7FD5E" authority="Silveira." box="[770,1175,732,758]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erectifolius">
<emphasis id="B93DBF4054604929DF4B9BD7A55DFD5D" box="[770,1069,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Paepalanthus erectifolius</emphasis>
Silveira.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF6635254604929DC8F9A09A24BFBAC" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,1028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
In
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D154604929DCAE9A09A3F1FCB3" authorityName="Ruhland" authorityYear="1903" box="[231,641,770,796]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Diphyomene">
<emphasis id="B93DBF4054604929DCAE9A09A0F8FCB3" box="[231,392,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Paepalanthus</emphasis>
section
<emphasis id="B93DBF4054604929DDA49A09A3F1FCB3" box="[493,641,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Diphyomene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, inflorescences are spherical to obconical umbellate, arranged in a tribotryum with a terminal dibotryum, terminal basic unit and pherophylls (Trovó
<emphasis id="B93DBF4054604929D88D9A22A475FCEA" box="[1220,1285,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
2010). The inflorescence structure in this group seems to be unique within
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D154604929DFE69A5BA52BFCC2" box="[943,1115,848,874]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Eriocaulaceae</taxonomicName>
and represents a possible synapomorphy for this group. The following features are also important to distinguish this section from other groups in the
<taxonomicName id="4C4918D154604929DD089A96A098FC1E" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1834" box="[321,488,925,950]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DBF4054604929DD089A96A098FC1E" box="[321,488,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Paepalanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: dimerous flowers, pistillate flowers with dolabriform sepals, bifid stigmatic branches and absent staminodes, and staminate flower with an elongated anthophore. The necessary typifications and taxonomic changes are presented below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>