252 lines
32 KiB
XML
252 lines
32 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C3C6F7E386F5DB6B5B6826AFEBB93367">Late Neogene Lophophaenidae (Nassellaria, Radiolaria) from the eastern equatorial Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0A295328238B9CB52B4431CE084BEB27">Renaudie, Johan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0BBCF7A2A124D80AEF7BBF7CB1F647B5">Lazarus, David</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03C96F50FF9CFFE875DFE5FAFECEC165" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C96F50FF9CFFE875DFE5FAFECEC165" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C96F50FF9CFFE875DFE5FAFECEC165" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFF9CFFF775DFE5FAFBC4C2D4" box="[151,1027,397,424]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF9CFFF775DFE5FAFBC4C2D4" blockId="15.[151,1027,397,424]" box="[151,1027,397,424]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="D097692AFF9CFFF775DFE5FAFBC4C2D4" bold="true" box="[151,1027,397,424]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF9CFFF775DFE5FAFBC4C2D4" bold="true" box="[151,1027,397,424]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9CFFF775A6E5FAFD42C2D4" ID-CoL="ZL6" authority="Haeckel, 1887" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[238,645,397,424]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorallium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF9CFFF775A6E5FAFE0AC2D4" bold="true" box="[238,461,397,424]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Arachnocorallium</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF9CFFF7749DE5F9FD42C2D4" author="Haeckel, E." box="[469,645,398,424]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">Haeckel, 1887</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, emend.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF9CFFF777BCE5F9FBC4C2D4" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[756,1027,398,424]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya, 1971</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFF9CFFF775DFE5A1FD97C168" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF9CFFF775DFE5A1FC1EC28C" blockId="15.[151,985,470,532]" box="[151,985,470,496]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FF9CFFF775DFE5A1FF08C28C" box="[151,207,470,496]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9CFFF7747DE5A1FC1EC28C" authority="Haeckel, 1887" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[309,985,470,496]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="hexaptera" subGenus="Arachnocorallium">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF9CFFF7747DE5A1FE15C28C" box="[309,466,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Arachnocorys</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF9CFFF774ABE5A1FCF7C28C" box="[483,816,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Arachnocorallium) hexaptera</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF9CFFF7767FE5A1FC1EC28C" author="Haeckel, E." box="[823,985,470,496]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">Haeckel, 1887</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF9CFFF775DFE58DFD97C168" blockId="15.[151,985,470,532]" box="[151,592,506,532]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9CFFF775FFE58DFD8FC168" authority="Haeckel, 1887" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[183,584,506,532]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Psilomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="calvata">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF9CFFF775FFE58DFE59C168" box="[183,414,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Psilomelissa calvata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF9CFFF774EDE58DFD8FC168" author="Haeckel, E." box="[421,584,506,532]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">Haeckel, 1887</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFF9CFFF775DFE636FACBC1B4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF9CFFF775DFE636FACBC1B4" blockId="15.[151,1437,577,712]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF9CFFF775DFE636FEEEC127" bold="true" box="[151,297,577,603]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Description.</emphasis>
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Lophophaenid genus often comprised of only a cephalis, with inconsistent and usually minimal development of a thoracic segment. The base of the cephalis is narrow, and clearly exhibits the median bar, dorsal, and lateral spines extending out from the base of the cephalis, usually with minimal obstruction from any thorax development. Apical and ventral spines are not usually as well expressed as in other
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9CFFF77102E6D9FACFC1B4" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[1098,1288,686,712]" family="Lophophaenidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="family">Lophophaenidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF1F8ECEFF9CFFF775DFE1C0FB1CC6B3" box="[151,1243,1463,1487]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[151,250,1463,1487]" targetBox="[153,1436,737,1439]" targetPageId="15">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF9CFFF775DFE1C0FB1CC6B3" blockId="15.[151,1243,1463,1487]" box="[151,1243,1463,1487]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF9CFFF775DFE1C0FED4C6B3" bold="true" box="[151,275,1463,1487]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
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Internal skeletal structure of
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9CFFF77775E1C0FB10C6B3" authority="(Haeckel, 1887) Petrushevskaya, 1971" authorityName="sensu Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[573,1239,1463,1487]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorallium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="calvata">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF9CFFF77775E1C0FC8FC6B3" box="[573,840,1463,1487]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Arachnocorallium calvata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF9CFFF7761CE1C0FC2DC6B3" author="Haeckel, E." box="[852,1002,1463,1487]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">Haeckel, 1887</bibRefCitation>
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)
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF9CFFF776BFE1C0FB10C6B3" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[1015,1239,1463,1487]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya, 1971</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFF9CFFE8758FE189FECEC165" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF9CFFF7758FE189FA5AC490" blockId="15.[151,1437,1533,2028]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF9CFFF7758FE189FEFCC564" bold="true" box="[199,315,1534,1560]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9CFFF7740BE18AFDD7C56B" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[323,528,1533,1559]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorallium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF9CFFF7740BE18AFDD7C56B" box="[323,528,1533,1559]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Arachnocorallium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was originally described as a subgenus of
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9CFFF776BEE18AFB54C56B" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1860" box="[1014,1171,1533,1559]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF9CFFF776BEE18AFB54C56B" box="[1014,1171,1533,1559]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Arachnocorys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF9CFFF771F7E18AFAB7C564" author="Haeckel, E." box="[1215,1392,1533,1560]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">Haeckel (1887)</bibRefCitation>
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. He described it somewhat vaguely, as having a “thorax with six divergent ribs or radial beams.”
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9CFFF771F1E256FF15C523" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="hexaptera">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF9CFFF771F1E256FF15C523" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Arachnocorys hexaptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was the first species
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF9CFFF77486E232FDB9C51C" author="Haeckel, E." box="[462,638,1605,1632]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">Haeckel (1887)</bibRefCitation>
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listed under this subgenus, and it was designated as the
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<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FF9CFFF77059E231FA86C51C" box="[1297,1345,1606,1632]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
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||
species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9CFFF775FFE21EFDFAC5FF" box="[183,573,1641,1667]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Arachnocorallium">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF9CFFF775FFE21EFDFAC5FF" box="[183,573,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Arachnocorys (Arachnocorallium)</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF9CFFF77723E21EFCE3C5F8" author="Campbell, A. S." box="[619,804,1641,1668]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref86440" refString="Campbell, A. S. (1954) Radiolaria. In: Moore, R. C. (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. 3. Part D, Protista. Geological Society of America, University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, pp. 11 - 195." type="book" year="1954">Campbell (1954</bibRefCitation>
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, p. D126). However, this species was not illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF9CFFF775DFE2FAFE82C5D4" author="Haeckel, E." box="[151,325,1677,1704]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">Haeckel (1887)</bibRefCitation>
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nor
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF9CFFF77432E2FAFDFBC5D4" author="Campbell, A. S." box="[378,572,1677,1704]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref86440" refString="Campbell, A. S. (1954) Radiolaria. In: Moore, R. C. (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. 3. Part D, Protista. Geological Society of America, University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, pp. 11 - 195." type="book" year="1954">Campbell (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In 1971, Petrushevskaya emended
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF9CFFF77698E2FAFB63C5DB" box="[976,1188,1677,1703]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9CFFF77698E2FAFB67C5DB" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[976,1184,1677,1703]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorallium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">Arachnocorallium</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
elevating it to the genus level and synonymizing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9CFFF7749DE2C6FBB0C5B0" authority="Haeckel, 1887" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[469,1143,1713,1740]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="hexaptera" subGenus="Arachnocorallium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF9CFFF7749DE2C6FC08C5B7" box="[469,975,1713,1739]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Arachnocorys (Arachnocorallium) hexaptera</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF9CFFF7769EE2C6FBB0C5B0" author="Haeckel, E." box="[982,1143,1713,1740]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">Haeckel, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9CFFF771FEE2C6FEFDC58C" authority="Haeckel, 1887" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Psilomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="calvata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF9CFFF771FEE2C6FA5BC5B7" box="[1206,1436,1713,1739]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Psilomelissa calvata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF9CFFF775DFE2A2FEFDC58C" author="Haeckel, E." box="[151,314,1749,1776]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">Haeckel, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to revise the concept of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FF9CFFF77735E2A1FD6AC58C" box="[637,685,1750,1776]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9CFFF7765FE2A2FBF9C593" authorityName="sensu Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[791,1086,1749,1775]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorallium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="calvata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF9CFFF7765FE2A2FBF9C593" box="[791,1086,1749,1775]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Arachnocorallium calvata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the only species of this genus described at that time). Petrushevskaya elevated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9CFFF77789E28EFC49C46F" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[705,910,1785,1811]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorallium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF9CFFF77789E28EFC49C46F" box="[705,910,1785,1811]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Arachnocorallium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the genus level because she considered the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FF9CFFF775DFE369FF00C444" box="[151,199,1822,1848]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9CFFF7740FE36AFE23C44B" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1860" box="[327,484,1821,1847]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF9CFFF7740FE36AFE23C44B" box="[327,484,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Arachnocorys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9CFFF774BDE36AFCDAC44B" authorityName="Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[501,797,1821,1847]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="circumtexta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF9CFFF774BDE36AFCDAC44B" box="[501,797,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Arachnocorys circumtexta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) to be sufficiently different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9CFFF771D4E36AFF00C427" authorityName="sensu Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1887" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorallium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="calvata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF9CFFF771D4E36AFF00C427" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Arachnocorallium calvata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9CFFF77455E336FC7DC420" authority="(Haeckel) Petrushevskaya, 1971" authorityName="sensu Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[285,954,1857,1884]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorallium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="calvata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF9CFFF77455E336FD82C427" box="[285,581,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Arachnocorallium calvata</emphasis>
|
||
(Haeckel)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF9CFFF7778DE336FC7DC420" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[709,954,1857,1884]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has triradial symmetry, rather than the six divergent ribs mentioned in the subgenus description by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF9CFFF77647E312FC79C4FC" author="Haeckel, E." box="[783,958,1893,1920]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">Haeckel (1887)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, it seems that Petrushevskaya significantly changed the original meaning of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9CFFF7775FE3FEFD23C4DF" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[535,740,1929,1955]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorallium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF9CFFF7775FE3FEFD23C4DF" box="[535,740,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Arachnocorallium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
when she elevated it to the genus level. For many decades, the species
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF9CFFF77452E3DAFD86C4BB" box="[282,577,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Arachnocorallium calvata</emphasis>
|
||
Haeckel was the only taxon belonging to this genus, but recently three new species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF9CFFF77446E3A6FE1CC497" box="[270,475,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Arachnocorallium</emphasis>
|
||
have been described by Renaudie and Lazarus (2015) from the Southern Ocean. Fur-
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF83FFE875DFE4E0FD77C3A9" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
thermore, the high level of variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF83FFE87707E4E0FCB1C3CD" authorityName="sensu Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[591,886,151,177]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorallium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="calvata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF83FFE87707E4E0FCB1C3CD" box="[591,886,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Arachnocorallium calvata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could potentially justify breaking this group into multiple species (see species discussion below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF83FFE8758FE4A8FF3CC2F5" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The apical spine is not always easy to determine, particularly in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF83FFE876D8E4A8FB7AC385" box="[912,1213,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF83FFE876D8E4A8FB7EC385" authorityName="sensu Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[912,1209,223,249]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorallium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="calvata">Arachnocorallium calvata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which either has no clearly visible spines on the cephalis, or otherwise has three thin, conical spines of equal strength.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF83FFE871A6E574FF25C23D" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF83FFE8742EE550FD48C23D" authorityName="sensu Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[358,655,295,321]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorallium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="calvata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF83FFE8742EE550FD48C23D" box="[358,655,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Arachnocorallium calvata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not have an apparent ventral spine. In the annotated specimen below, we mark the probable location of the ventral spine, although it is not overtly distinct from the wall of the cephalis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF83FFE87586E5E4FC38C2AD" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Here we observed the following species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF83FFE877FEE5E4FC44C2D1" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[694,899,403,429]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorallium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF83FFE877FEE5E4FC44C2D1" box="[694,899,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Arachnocorallium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF83FFE876DBE5E4FEA8C2AD" authority="(Haeckel 1887) Petrushevskaya, 1971" authorityName="sensu Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1887" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorallium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="calvata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF83FFE876DBE5E4FB7DC2D1" box="[915,1210,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Arachnocorallium calvata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF83FFE87181E5E4FAA0C2D1" author="Haeckel, E." box="[1225,1383,403,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">Haeckel 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF83FFE8703FE5E4FEA8C2AD" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF83FFE874EEE5C0FC3BC2AD" authority="Renaudie and Lazarus, 2015" authorityName="Renaudie and Lazarus" authorityYear="2015" box="[422,1020,438,465]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorallium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="stilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF83FFE874EEE5C0FD75C2AD" box="[422,690,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Arachnocorallium stilla</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF83FFE877F1E5C0FC3BC2AD" author="Renaudie, J. & Lazarus, D. B." box="[697,1020,438,465]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="181 - 209" refId="ref94366" refString="Renaudie, J. & Lazarus, D. B. (2015) New species of Neogene radiolarians from the Southern Ocean - part III. Journal of Micropalaeontology, 34 (2), 181 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / jmpaleo 2013 - 034" type="journal article" year="2015">Renaudie and Lazarus, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF83FFE87586E5ACFECEC165" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF83FFE87586E5ACFEE6C289" bold="true" box="[206,289,475,501]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Range.</emphasis>
|
||
?Miocene—Recent in the tropical world oceans, and Miocene—Recent in the Southern Ocean, so far as known.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |