293 lines
34 KiB
XML
293 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="38A22F86A8E02DEAD716CBB8C6CFF860" ID-CLB-Dataset="32317" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4311.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b3e435ef-67d4-40dc-a7f8-cfd8c520f28f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="847808" ID-ZooBank="F1404B14-628E-4Eb4-9501-Ed6A0910C9Cb" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1503550349708" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Klautau, Michelle" docDate="2017" docId="03C887A7A82FFFD7FF7E653AFAFDE780" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4311.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4311 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ernstia multispiculata Klautau 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="327" masterDocId="FFF1FFDFA837FFCDFFE96304FFF0E33E" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and phylogeny of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea: Calcinea) from Brazilian mid-shelf and oceanic islands" masterLastPageNumber="344" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="325" updateTime="1698467134164" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BA0F37FEA15EB63A29E68537EF064CD2">
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<mods:title id="194209C1EA3C227D2D037DCF49D51BA2">Taxonomy and phylogeny of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea: Calcinea) from Brazilian mid-shelf and oceanic islands</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="DEB76C2EAE346E551B0B2F5784CE1ACB" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="3FE7FDA2268CEDBACB8D6D549A09516B">Klautau, Michelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3C014DE65BDFFBC8ECC3E38E8177EA44">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C56B7ED1D4622DF74BCEBF2A53DEA9CD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="95E6AAD072ACA9C3A349EDDBF81852EA">
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<mods:date id="C8D1A4F4021BC7CD56F3235F5E929D85">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1DF9320CC278322A36DC7B4EA22DA235">2017-08-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3611721B3C182C622F6B7DD320444C02">4311</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="9624D85B6A694A6300435DC966A5D7B7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4311.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C887A7A82FFFD7FF7E653AFAFDE780" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6010597" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132923393" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6010597" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887A7A82FFFD7FF7E653AFAFDE780" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887A7A82FFFD7FF7E653AFAFDE780" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="327" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
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<subSubSection id="C37B653AA82FFFD5FF7E653AFE67E544" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A82FFFD5FF7E653AFDF9E566" blockId="24.[151,521,1598,1658]" box="[151,521,1598,1624]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
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<heading id="D09681DDA82FFFD5FF7E653AFDF9E566" bold="true" box="[151,521,1598,1624]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82FFFD5FF7E653AFDF9E566" bold="true" box="[151,521,1598,1624]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A82FFFD5FF7E653AFE54E566" ID-CoL="8J486" authority="Klautau, 2017" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,420,1598,1624]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="multispiculata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82FFFD5FF7E653AFE54E566" bold="true" box="[151,420,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Ernstia multispiculata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657D8A82FFFD5FE42653AFDF9E566" box="[427,521,1598,1624]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A82FFFD5FF7E6565FE67E544" blockId="24.[151,521,1598,1658]" box="[151,407,1633,1658]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="135A2A34A82FFFD5FF766565FF00E544" box="[159,240,1633,1658]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1758,1780]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,175,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,175,1737]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ernstia multispiculata sp. nov. A—Holotype after fixation. B—Section. C—Triactine I. D—Triactine II. E— Triactine III. F—Tetractine I. G—Tetractine II. H—Tetractine III. I—Tetractine I (ap: apical actine)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847830/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Figs 11</figureCitation>
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A–I;
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<tableCitation id="C6E3030AA82FFFD5FEC56565FE7EE544" box="[300,398,1633,1658]" captionStart="TABLE 12" captionStartId="26.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 12. Spicule measurements of Ernstia multispiculata sp. nov. (H = holotype; P = paratype)." pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Table 12</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B653AA82FFFD5FF7E65ADFB57E5D8" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A82FFFD5FF7E65ADFB57E5D8" blockId="24.[151,1437,1705,1982]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
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<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82FFFD5FF7E65ADFEE1E5FC" bold="true" box="[151,273,1705,1730]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A82FFFD5FEF065AEFE9BE5FF" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[281,363,1706,1729]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82FFFD5FEF065AEFE9BE5FF" box="[281,363,1706,1729]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Ernstia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with white cormus formed by irregular and tightly anastomosed tubes. Skeleton with two size categories of triactines and tetractines. Actines are slightly conical or conical with sharp tips.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B653AA82FFFD5FF2E65F5FD15E410" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A82FFFD5FF2E65F5FD15E410" blockId="24.[151,1437,1705,1982]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
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<materialsCitation id="3B093CECA82FFFD5FF2E65F5FD15E410" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586985569" collectingDate="2011-07-18" collectorName="A. Padua" county="Material" elevation="3" location="Barretinha" municipality="One" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Norte" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82FFFD5FF2E65F5FE5DE434" bold="true" box="[199,429,1777,1802]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
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<collectingCounty id="62BF4E3DA82FFFD5FF2E65F5FEDFE434" box="[199,303,1777,1802]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Material</collectingCounty>
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examined
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</emphasis>
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(
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BBAACCBA82FFFD5FE5665F6FE1FE434" box="[447,495,1778,1802]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">One</collectingMunicipality>
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specimen).
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<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82FFFD5FD9665F5FD05E434" bold="true" box="[639,757,1777,1802]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
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<typeStatus id="54DA8813A82FFFD5FD9665F5FD00E434" box="[639,752,1777,1802]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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UFRJPOR 6688,
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<location id="8EBE606AA82FFFD5FC2465F5FBB6E434" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887A7A82FFFD7FF7E653AFAFDE780:8EBE606AA82FFFD5FC2465F5FBB6E434" box="[973,1094,1777,1802]" county="Material" municipality="One" name="Barretinha" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Norte">Barretinha</location>
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,
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<location id="8EBE606AA82FFFD5FBBC65F6FB10E434" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887A7A82FFFD7FF7E653AFAFDE780:8EBE606AA82FFFD5FBBC65F6FB10E434" box="[1109,1248,1777,1802]" county="Material" municipality="One" name="Rocas Atoll" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Norte">Rocas Atoll</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49A5F853A82FFFD5FB1965F5FF27E413" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Norte" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
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Rio
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<collectingRegion id="49A5F853A82FFFD5FACA65F5FF27E413" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Grande do Norte</collectingRegion>
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</collectingRegion>
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State,
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<elevation id="004CD182A82FFFD5FECA6412FEBEE413" box="[291,334,1814,1838]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" unit="m" value="3.0">
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<quantity id="4C999B54A82FFFD5FECA6412FEBEE413" box="[291,334,1814,1838]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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depth, coll.
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<collectorName id="26945367A82FFFD5FE306412FDB2E410" box="[473,578,1813,1838]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">A. Padua</collectorName>
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,
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<collectingDate id="EF9BE999A82FFFD5FDA76412FD11E410" box="[590,737,1813,1838]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" value="2011-07-18">
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<date id="FFDF1071A82FFFD5FDA76412FD11E410" box="[590,737,1813,1838]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" value="2011-07-18">18 July 2011</date>
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</collectingDate>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B653AA82FFFD5FF2E643DFD2FE448" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A82FFFD5FF2E643DFB17E46C" blockId="24.[151,1437,1705,1982]" box="[199,1255,1849,1874]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
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<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82FFFD5FF2E643DFEBEE46C" bold="true" box="[199,334,1849,1874]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Etymology.</emphasis>
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In reference to the presence of several size categories of triactines and tetractines.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A82FFFD5FF2E6459FD2FE448" blockId="24.[151,1437,1705,1982]" box="[199,735,1885,1910]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
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<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82FFFD5FF2E6459FEEFE448" bold="true" box="[199,287,1885,1910]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Colour.</emphasis>
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white in life and light beige in ethanol.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B653AA82FFFD7FF2E6485FB0DE031" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="327" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A82FFFD5FF2E6485FB5BE480" blockId="24.[151,1437,1705,1982]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
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<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82FFFD5FF2E6485FE91E4A4" bold="true" box="[199,353,1921,1946]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Morphology.</emphasis>
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The only specimen is small, with soft and fragile consistency. The cormus is composed of irregular and tightly anastomosed tubes (
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<figureCitation id="135A2A34A82FFFD5FDB664A1FD58E480" box="[607,680,1957,1982]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1758,1780]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,175,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,175,1737]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ernstia multispiculata sp. nov. A—Holotype after fixation. B—Section. C—Triactine I. D—Triactine II. E— Triactine III. F—Tetractine I. G—Tetractine II. H—Tetractine III. I—Tetractine I (ap: apical actine)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847830/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Fig 11</figureCitation>
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A). water-collecting tubes were not observed.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF1E6639A82EFFD4FF7E65DAFB7EE42C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847830/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" targetBox="[151,1436,175,1737]" targetPageId="25">
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<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A82EFFD4FF7E65DAFB7EE42C" blockId="25.[151,1436,1758,1810]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">
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<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82EFFD4FF7E65DAFED0E5CA" bold="true" box="[151,288,1758,1780]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A82EFFD4FEC065DBFDFEE5CA" authority="Klautau, 2017" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[297,526,1758,1780]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="multispiculata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82EFFD4FEC065DBFDFEE5CA" box="[297,526,1758,1780]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Ernstia multispiculata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657D8A82EFFD4FDFF65DAFD99E5CA" box="[534,617,1758,1780]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" rank="species">
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||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82EFFD4FDFF65DAFD99E5CA" bold="true" box="[534,617,1758,1780]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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A—Holotype after fixation. B—Section. C—Triactine I. D—Triactine II. E— Triactine III. F—Tetractine I. G—Tetractine II. H—Tetractine III. I—Tetractine I (ap: apical actine).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A82EFFD4FF2E643BFEE5E49E" blockId="25.[151,1436,1855,2024]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">
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<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82EFFD4FF2E643BFECBE466" bold="true" box="[199,315,1855,1880]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Anatomy.</emphasis>
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<collectingRegion id="49A5F853A82EFFD4FEAA6444FE95E469" box="[323,357,1856,1879]" country="Haiti" name="Nord" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">No</collectingRegion>
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cells with granules were present. The skeleton has no special organization and is composed of two size categories of both triactines and tetractines (
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<figureCitation id="135A2A34A82EFFD4FD116467FCB4E442" box="[760,836,1891,1916]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1758,1780]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,175,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,175,1737]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ernstia multispiculata sp. nov. A—Holotype after fixation. B—Section. C—Triactine I. D—Triactine II. E— Triactine III. F—Tetractine I. G—Tetractine II. H—Tetractine III. I—Tetractine I (ap: apical actine)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847830/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Fig 11</figureCitation>
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B). Triactines and tetractines are present in the same proportion.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A82EFFD4FF2E64AFFE14E4D6" blockId="25.[151,1436,1855,2024]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">
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<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82EFFD4FF2E64AFFED9E4FA" bold="true" box="[199,297,1963,1988]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Spicules</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A2A34A82EFFD4FED164AFFE58E4FA" box="[312,424,1963,1988]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1758,1780]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,175,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,175,1737]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ernstia multispiculata sp. nov. A—Holotype after fixation. B—Section. C—Triactine I. D—Triactine II. E— Triactine III. F—Tetractine I. G—Tetractine II. H—Tetractine III. I—Tetractine I (ap: apical actine)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847830/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Figure 11</figureCitation>
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;
|
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<tableCitation id="C6E3030AA82EFFD4FE5C64AFFDE9E4FA" box="[437,537,1963,1988]" captionStart="TABLE 12" captionStartId="26.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 12. Spicule measurements of Ernstia multispiculata sp. nov. (H = holotype; P = paratype)." pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Table 12</tableCitation>
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). Triactine I. Equiangular and equiradiate. Actines are slightly conical, straight, with sharp tips (
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<figureCitation id="135A2A34A82EFFD4FEA364CBFE6EE4D6" box="[330,414,1999,2024]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1758,1780]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,175,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,175,1737]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ernstia multispiculata sp. nov. A—Holotype after fixation. B—Section. C—Triactine I. D—Triactine II. E— Triactine III. F—Tetractine I. G—Tetractine II. H—Tetractine III. I—Tetractine I (ap: apical actine)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847830/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Figs 11</figureCitation>
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C, D).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF1E6639A82DFFD7FF7E639CFB5EE391" box="[151,1198,151,175]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A82DFFD7FF7E639CFB5EE391" blockId="26.[151,1198,151,175]" box="[151,1198,151,175]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82DFFD7FF7E639CFEE7E391" bold="true" box="[151,279,152,175]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">TABLE 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicule measurements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A82DFFD7FDD9639CFCEEE391" authority="Klautau, 2017" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[560,798,151,175]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="multispiculata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82DFFD7FDD9639CFCEEE391" box="[560,798,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Ernstia multispiculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82DFFD7FCCC639CFC8AE391" bold="true" box="[805,890,152,175]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657D8A82DFFD7FCCC639CFC8AE391" box="[805,890,152,175]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(H= holotype; P= paratype).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A82DFFD7FF4963CEFADFE234" blockId="26.[160,1382,202,514]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Specimen Spicule Length (µm) Width (µm) n Min mean sd max min mean sd max</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A82DFFD7FF496219FAF8E165" blockId="26.[160,1382,202,514]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1436,578,1215]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
|
||
UFRJPOR 6688 (H) Triactine I 78.3 122.6 24.1 162.0 6.8 11.7 2.8 18.9 35 Triactine II 175.5 205.2 17.91 226.8 8.1 20.9 4.8 27.0 17 Tetractine I 75.6 120.2 24.8 156.6 6.8 11.4 2.7 16.2 29 Apical 32.4 52.5 15.4 89.1 4.1 5.5 1.1 8.1 23 Tetractine II 170.1 207.2 19.5 253.8 17.6 20.9 2.1 24.3 30 Apical 27.0 54.2 15.3 94.5 4.1 5.3 0.4 5.4 30 Triactine II. Equiangular and equiradiate. Actines are conical, straight, with sharp tips (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A2A34A82DFFD7FB7E6146FB2FE165" box="[1175,1247,578,603]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1758,1780]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,175,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,175,1737]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ernstia multispiculata sp. nov. A—Holotype after fixation. B—Section. C—Triactine I. D—Triactine II. E— Triactine III. F—Tetractine I. G—Tetractine II. H—Tetractine III. I—Tetractine I (ap: apical actine)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847830/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Fig 11</figureCitation>
|
||
E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A82DFFD7FF2E6162FC08E19D" blockId="26.[151,1436,578,1215]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
|
||
Tetractine I. Equiangular and equiradiate. Actines are slightly conical, straight, with sharp tips (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A2A34A82DFFD7FAEC6162FAAAE141" box="[1285,1370,614,639]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,193,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,193,1933]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 16. In situ photographs of eight Calcinea species studied. A— Arturia trindadensis sp. nov. (MNRJ 7372); B— Borojevia trispinata sp. nov. (MNRJ 8569); C— Clathrina aurea; D, C. lutea sp. nov.; E— Ernstia citrea sp. nov.; F— E. rocasensis sp. nov.; G— E. sanctipauli sp. nov. (MNRJ 3584); H— E. solaris sp. nov. (MNRJ 7374). Photos by the authors." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847840/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Figs 16</figureCitation>
|
||
F, G). The apical actine is very thin, almost cylindrical, smooth and sharp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A2A34A82DFFD7FC7C618EFC10E19D" box="[917,992,650,675]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1758,1780]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,175,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,175,1737]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ernstia multispiculata sp. nov. A—Holotype after fixation. B—Section. C—Triactine I. D—Triactine II. E— Triactine III. F—Tetractine I. G—Tetractine II. H—Tetractine III. I—Tetractine I (ap: apical actine)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847830/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
|
||
Fig
|
||
<date id="FFDF1071A82DFFD7FC2A618FFC10E19D" box="[963,992,651,675]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" value="2011-01">11</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A82DFFD7FF2E61AAFD04E1D5" blockId="26.[151,1436,578,1215]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
|
||
Tetractine II. Equiangular and equiradiate. Actines are conical, straight, with sharp tips (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A2A34A82DFFD7FB4661AAFB09E1F9" box="[1199,1273,686,711]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1758,1780]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,175,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,175,1737]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ernstia multispiculata sp. nov. A—Holotype after fixation. B—Section. C—Triactine I. D—Triactine II. E— Triactine III. F—Tetractine I. G—Tetractine II. H—Tetractine III. I—Tetractine I (ap: apical actine)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847830/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Fig 11</figureCitation>
|
||
H). The apical actine is very thin, slightly conical, smooth and sharp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A82DFFD7FF2E61F2FB0DE031" blockId="26.[151,1436,578,1215]" box="[199,1277,758,783]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82DFFD7FF2E61F2FEDBE031" bold="true" box="[199,299,758,783]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
The single specimen was collected in a small tide pool in Rocas Atoll, at
|
||
<quantity id="4C999B54A82DFFD7FB8E61F3FB62E030" box="[1127,1170,759,783]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
|
||
of depth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37B653AA82DFFD7FF2E601EFD6AE00D" box="[199,666,794,819]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A82DFFD7FF2E601EFD6AE00D" blockId="26.[151,1436,578,1215]" box="[199,666,794,819]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82DFFD7FF2E601EFE90E00D" bold="true" box="[199,352,794,819]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Rocas Atoll, off NE
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3767621A82DFFD7FDA4601EFD65E00D" box="[589,661,794,819]" name="Brazil" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37B653AA82DFFD7FF2E603AFAFDE780" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A82DFFD7FF2E603AFAFDE780" blockId="26.[151,1436,578,1215]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82DFFD7FF2E603AFECBE069" bold="true" box="[199,315,830,855]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Including the new species described above, 11 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A82DFFD7FC15603BFBBFE068" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[1020,1103,831,854]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82DFFD7FC15603BFBBFE068" box="[1020,1103,831,854]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Ernstia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are recognized to date (see Remarks on the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A82DFFD7FE046067FD76E044" authority="Klautau, 2017" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[493,646,867,890]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="citrea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82DFFD7FE046067FD76E044" box="[493,646,867,890]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Ernstia citrea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657D8A82DFFD7FD656066FD16E045" box="[652,742,866,891]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82DFFD7FD656066FD16E045" bold="true" box="[652,742,866,891]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
). The presence of more than one size category of triactine and of tetractine differentiates
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A82DFFD7FE2D6083FD75E0A0" authority="Klautau, 2017" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[452,645,902,926]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="multispiculata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82DFFD7FE2D6083FD75E0A0" box="[452,645,902,926]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">E. multispiculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657D8A82DFFD7FD676082FD19E0A1" box="[654,745,902,927]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82DFFD7FD676082FD19E0A1" bold="true" box="[654,745,902,927]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from all the others. The new species shares its white colour with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A82DFFD7FF3D60AFFE65E0FD" baseAuthorityName="Klautau & Borojevic" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[212,405,939,963]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quadriradiata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82DFFD7FF3D60AFFE65E0FD" box="[212,405,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">E. quadriradiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A82DFFD7FE4160AFFDC9E0FC" baseAuthorityName="Klautau & Borojevic" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[424,569,939,962]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tetractina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82DFFD7FE4160AFFDC9E0FC" box="[424,569,939,962]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">E. tetractina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and perhaps also with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A82DFFD7FCBA60AFFC01E0FC" baseAuthorityName="Hozawa" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[851,1009,939,962]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sagamiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82DFFD7FCBA60AFFC01E0FC" box="[851,1009,939,962]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">E. sagamiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A82DFFD7FBED60AFFB3EE0FD" box="[1028,1230,939,963]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82DFFD7FBED60AFFB3EE0FD" box="[1028,1230,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">E. septentrionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A82DFFD7FAFF60AFFA6CE0FC" baseAuthorityName="Klautau & Valentine" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[1302,1436,939,962]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sueziana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82DFFD7FAFF60AFFA6CE0FC" box="[1302,1436,939,962]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">E. sueziana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(whose colours alive are unknown;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B40A82DFFD7FDC160CBFD37E0D9" author="Hozawa" box="[552,711,975,999]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" refString="HoZawa, S. (1929) Studies on the calcareous sponges of Japan. Journal of the Faculty of Sciences, Imperial University of Tokyo, 1, 277 - 389." type="journal article" year="1929">Hôzawa 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B40A82DFFD7FD3A60CBFC60E0D9" author="Rapp" box="[723,912,974,999]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" refString="Rapp, H. T., Klautau, M. & Valentine, C. (2001) Two new species of Clathrina of the Norwegian coast. Sarsia, 86, 69 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00364827.2001.10420462" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Rapp
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82DFFD7FCFC60CBFCB7E0D8" box="[789,839,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B40A82DFFD7FC7560CAFB3FE0D9" author="Klautau" box="[924,1231,974,999]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" refString="Klautau, M. & Valentine, C. (2003) Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 139, 1 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 0024 - 4082.2003.00063. x" type="journal article" year="2003">Klautau & Valentine, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The new species can be differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A82DFFD7FE2C60F7FD73E735" baseAuthorityName="Klautau & Borojevic" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[453,643,1011,1035]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quadriradiata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82DFFD7FE2C60F7FD73E735" box="[453,643,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">E. quadriradiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A82DFFD7FD7B60F7FCD0E734" baseAuthorityName="Klautau & Borojevic" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[658,800,1011,1034]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tetractina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82DFFD7FD7B60F7FCD0E734" box="[658,800,1011,1034]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">E. tetractina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A82DFFD7FCB660F7FC0BE734" baseAuthorityName="Hozawa" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[863,1019,1011,1034]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sagamiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82DFFD7FCB660F7FC0BE734" box="[863,1019,1011,1034]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">E. sagamiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the proportion between triactines and tetractines. while in those known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A82DFFD7FD566713FCE2E710" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[703,786,1047,1070]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82DFFD7FD566713FCE2E710" box="[703,786,1047,1070]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Ernstia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, tetractines are much more abundant than triactines, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A82DFFD7FA6D6713FEC7E76D" authority="Klautau, 2017" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="multispiculata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82DFFD7FA6D6713FEC7E76D" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">E. multispiculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657D8A82DFFD7FED6673EFE6AE76D" box="[319,410,1082,1107]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82DFFD7FED6673EFE6AE76D" bold="true" box="[319,410,1082,1107]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
they are equally abundant. The new species can be differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A82DFFD7FB22673FFA97E76C" baseAuthorityName="Hozawa" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[1227,1383,1083,1106]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sagamiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82DFFD7FB22673FFA97E76C" box="[1227,1383,1083,1106]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">E. sagamiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also by the presence of diactines only in the latter; and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A82DFFD7FCE6675BFC25E748" box="[783,981,1118,1142]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82DFFD7FCE6675BFC25E748" box="[783,981,1118,1142]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">E. septentrionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the absence of granular cells, and by its spicules with conical instead of cylindrical actines. It can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A82DFFD7FB8E6787FB1CE7A4" baseAuthorityName="Klautau & Valentine" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[1127,1260,1155,1178]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ernstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sueziana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A82DFFD7FB8E6787FB1CE7A4" box="[1127,1260,1155,1178]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">E. sueziana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the cormus formed by loosely anatomosed tubes in that species, and by tightly anastomosed tubes in the new one.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |