304 lines
36 KiB
XML
304 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="4984717E6DBAF7E879397F03942A3E88" ID-CLB-Dataset="32317" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4311.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b3e435ef-67d4-40dc-a7f8-cfd8c520f28f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="847808" ID-ZooBank="F1404B14-628E-4Eb4-9501-Ed6A0910C9Cb" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1503550349708" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Klautau, Michelle" docDate="2017" docId="03C887A7A824FFD9FF7E61B0FC90E483" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4311.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4311 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Clathrina mutabilis Klautau 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="321" masterDocId="FFF1FFDFA837FFCDFFE96304FFF0E33E" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and phylogeny of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea: Calcinea) from Brazilian mid-shelf and oceanic islands" masterLastPageNumber="344" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="320" updateTime="1698467134164" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8E933F3BDA26020E3453CB3A6622D21F">Taxonomy and phylogeny of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea: Calcinea) from Brazilian mid-shelf and oceanic islands</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0C7F947E2A5062A2397374718CE10C32" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D7E9E95356268D21345E138CFEFA2847">Klautau, Michelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3D4681CA85DFBACC88839A3DBAB08998">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1B86C498B5685074214660486CFD5948">
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<mods:date id="CD3777E9F347E65B93BD80DA4A1977DB">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8886A07B370DCAAA621488143091DCE4">2017-08-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0F236A3B244F0EEAF03179FFDDDED4A5">4311</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="B2943A6F79DBC07C199892322A5E2520" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4311.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C887A7A824FFD9FF7E61B0FC90E483" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6010591" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132923389" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6010591" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887A7A824FFD9FF7E61B0FC90E483" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887A7A824FFD9FF7E61B0FC90E483" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="321" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
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<subSubSection id="C37B653AA824FFDEFF7E61B0FE74E1D1" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A824FFDEFF7E61B0FE18E1F0" blockId="19.[151,488,692,751]" box="[151,488,692,718]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
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<heading id="D09681DDA824FFDEFF7E61B0FE18E1F0" bold="true" box="[151,488,692,718]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B915EAA3A824FFDEFF7E61B0FE18E1F0" bold="true" box="[151,488,692,718]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A824FFDEFF7E61B0FE74E1F0" ID-CoL="VSVF" authority="Klautau, 2017" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,388,692,718]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mutabilis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B915EAA3A824FFDEFF7E61B0FE74E1F0" bold="true" box="[151,388,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Clathrina mutabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657D8A824FFDEFE6261B0FE18E1F0" box="[395,488,692,718]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A824FFDEFF7E61D2FE74E1D1" blockId="19.[151,488,692,751]" box="[151,388,726,751]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
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(
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<figureCitation id="135A2A34A824FFDEFF7661D2FF13E1D1" box="[159,227,726,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1536,1558]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,445,1514]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. Clathrina mutabilis sp. nov. A—Holotype after fixation. B—Section. C—Triactines I. D, E—Triactine II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847824/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Figs 8</figureCitation>
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A–E;
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<tableCitation id="C6E3030AA824FFDEFECE61D2FE8BE1D1" box="[295,379,726,751]" captionStart="TABLE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,239,1442,1465]" captionText="TABLE 9. Spicule measurements of Clathrina mutabilis sp. nov. (H = holotype; P = paratype)." pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Table 9</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B653AA824FFDEFF7E601AFE1EE041" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A824FFDEFF7E601AFE1EE041" blockId="19.[151,1437,798,1399]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
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<emphasis id="B915EAA3A824FFDEFF7E601AFEE1E009" bold="true" box="[151,273,798,823]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A824FFDEFEF2601AFE78E008" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[283,392,798,822]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B915EAA3A824FFDEFEF2601AFE78E008" box="[283,392,798,822]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Clathrina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with a yellow cormus formed by large and loosely anastomosed tubes. Skeleton with two categories of triactines, one with cylindrical actines and blunt tips and the other, which is very rare, with conical actines and sharp or blunt tips.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B653AA824FFDEFF2E608EFB79E0D5" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A824FFDEFF2E608EFB79E0D5" blockId="19.[151,1437,798,1399]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
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<materialsCitation id="3B093CECA824FFDEFF2E608EFAEAE0F9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586985548" collectingDate="2011-06-27" collectorName="F. Azevedo & Rodriguez" county="Material" elevation="15" location="Fernando de Noronha Archipelago" municipality="Two" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pernambuco" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B915EAA3A824FFDEFF2E608EFE5FE09D" bold="true" box="[199,431,906,931]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
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<collectingCounty id="62BF4E3DA824FFDEFF2E608EFEDFE09D" box="[199,303,906,931]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Material</collectingCounty>
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examined
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</emphasis>
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(
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BBAACCBA824FFDEFE2D608FFE07E09D" box="[452,503,907,931]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Two</collectingMunicipality>
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specimens, both from
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<location id="8EBE606AA824FFDEFCE6608EFB5BE09D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887A7A824FFD9FF7E61B0FC90E483:8EBE606AA824FFDEFCE6608EFB5BE09D" box="[783,1195,906,931]" county="Material" municipality="Two" name="Fernando de Noronha Archipelago" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" stateProvince="Pernambuco">Fernando de Noronha Archipelago</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49A5F853A824FFDEFB52608EFAB7E09D" box="[1211,1351,906,931]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
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State).
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<emphasis id="B915EAA3A824FFDEFF7E60AAFEFDE0F9" bold="true" box="[151,269,942,967]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
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<typeStatus id="54DA8813A824FFDEFF7E60AAFEF8E0F9" box="[151,264,942,967]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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UFRJPOR 6526, Cagarras,
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<elevation id="004CD182A824FFDEFDBB60AAFD7CE0F8" box="[594,652,942,967]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" unit="m" value="15.0">
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<quantity id="4C999B54A824FFDEFDBB60AAFD7CE0F8" box="[594,652,942,967]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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depth, coll.
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<collectorName id="26945367A824FFDEFCF460ABFC6EE0F9" box="[797,926,942,967]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">F. Azevedo</collectorName>
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and G.
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<collectorName id="26945367A824FFDEFC1060AAFB80E0F9" box="[1017,1136,942,967]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Rodríguez</collectorName>
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,
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<collectingDate id="EF9BE999A824FFDEFB9760ABFAEAE0F9" box="[1150,1306,943,967]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" value="2011-06-27">
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<date id="FFDF1071A824FFDEFB9760ABFAEAE0F9" box="[1150,1306,943,967]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" value="2011-06-27">27 June 2011</date>
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</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B915EAA3A824FFDEFACF60AAFA6CE0F9" bold="true" box="[1318,1436,942,967]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Paratype:</emphasis>
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UFRJPOR 6528, Ressurreta,
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<quantity id="4C999B54A824FFDEFE0960D7FDFBE0D4" box="[480,523,979,1002]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" unit="m" value="7.0">7 m</quantity>
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depth, coll. F. Azevedo and G. Rodríguez,
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<date id="FFDF1071A824FFDEFC0460D6FB75E0D5" box="[1005,1157,978,1003]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" value="2011-06-26">26 June 2011</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B653AA824FFDEFF2E60F2FD41E70D" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A824FFDEFF2E60F2FB05E731" blockId="19.[151,1437,798,1399]" box="[199,1269,1014,1039]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
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<emphasis id="B915EAA3A824FFDEFF2E60F2FEBEE731" bold="true" box="[199,334,1014,1039]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Etymology.</emphasis>
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From the Latin
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A824FFDEFDEA60F2FD9BE730" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[515,619,1014,1038]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mutabilis">
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<emphasis id="B915EAA3A824FFDEFDEA60F2FD9BE730" box="[515,619,1014,1038]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">mutabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(= changeable), for the inconstant presence of trichoxeas.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A824FFDEFF2E671EFD41E70D" blockId="19.[151,1437,798,1399]" box="[199,689,1050,1075]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
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<emphasis id="B915EAA3A824FFDEFF2E671EFEEFE70D" bold="true" box="[199,287,1050,1075]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Colour.</emphasis>
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Yellow in life and white in ethanol.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B653AA824FFDEFF2E673AFADFE440" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A824FFDEFF2E673AFE39E7A1" blockId="19.[151,1437,798,1399]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
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<emphasis id="B915EAA3A824FFDEFF2E673AFE91E769" bold="true" box="[199,353,1086,1111]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Morphology.</emphasis>
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The sponge is delicate, fragile. The cormus is formed by large and loosely anastomosed tubes (
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<figureCitation id="135A2A34A824FFDEFF766766FF2AE745" box="[159,218,1122,1147]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1536,1558]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,445,1514]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. Clathrina mutabilis sp. nov. A—Holotype after fixation. B—Section. C—Triactines I. D, E—Triactine II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847824/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Fig 8</figureCitation>
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A). It was not possible to observe if water-collecting tubes are present because the holotype is very small and the paratype is fragmented.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A824FFDEFF2E67AEFB57E611" blockId="19.[151,1437,798,1399]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
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<emphasis id="B915EAA3A824FFDEFF2E67AEFECBE7FD" bold="true" box="[199,315,1194,1219]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Anatomy.</emphasis>
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Cells with granules were absent. The skeleton has no special organization and it is composed of two categories of triactines (
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<figureCitation id="135A2A34A824FFDEFE4F67CAFE12E7D9" box="[422,482,1230,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1536,1558]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,445,1514]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. Clathrina mutabilis sp. nov. A—Holotype after fixation. B—Section. C—Triactines I. D, E—Triactine II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847824/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Fig 8</figureCitation>
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B). The most abundant has cylindrical actines, while the other, with strongly conical actines, is very rare. Most spicules are regular, but subregular spicules are also present. The holotype is full of trichoxeas that protrude through the surface, while the paratype does not have these spicules.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A824FFDEFF2E663EFB8AE649" blockId="19.[151,1437,798,1399]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
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||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A824FFDEFF2E663EFED9E66D" bold="true" box="[199,297,1338,1363]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Spicules</emphasis>
|
||
(
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<figureCitation id="135A2A34A824FFDEFEDE663EFE68E66D" box="[311,408,1338,1363]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1536,1558]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,445,1514]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. Clathrina mutabilis sp. nov. A—Holotype after fixation. B—Section. C—Triactines I. D, E—Triactine II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847824/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Figure 8</figureCitation>
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||
;
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<tableCitation id="C6E3030AA824FFDEFE4D663EFE09E66D" box="[420,505,1338,1363]" captionStart="TABLE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,239,1442,1465]" captionText="TABLE 9. Spicule measurements of Clathrina mutabilis sp. nov. (H = holotype; P = paratype)." pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Table 9</tableCitation>
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). Triactines I: Equiangular and equiradiate. These spicules are very rare. They have conical actines with sharp (in larger spicules) or blunt tips (in the smaller ones) (
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<figureCitation id="135A2A34A824FFDEFBF2665AFBA7E649" box="[1051,1111,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1536,1558]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,445,1514]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. Clathrina mutabilis sp. nov. A—Holotype after fixation. B—Section. C—Triactines I. D, E—Triactine II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847824/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Fig 8</figureCitation>
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C).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF1E6639A824FFDEFF7E66A6FB75E687" box="[151,1157,1441,1465]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
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||
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A824FFDEFF7E66A6FB75E687" blockId="19.[151,1157,1441,1465]" box="[151,1157,1441,1465]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
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||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A824FFDEFF7E66A6FEFAE687" bold="true" box="[151,266,1442,1465]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">TABLE 9.</emphasis>
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Spicule measurements of
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A824FFDEFDCA66A5FD05E687" authority="Klautau, 2017" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[547,757,1441,1465]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mutabilis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B915EAA3A824FFDEFDCA66A5FD05E687" box="[547,757,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Clathrina mutabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657D8A824FFDEFD1266A6FCA1E687" box="[763,849,1442,1465]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" rank="species">
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||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A824FFDEFD1266A6FCA1E687" bold="true" box="[763,849,1442,1465]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(H= holotype; P= paratype).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A824FFDEFF7666D1FA93E6D5" blockId="19.[159,1392,1493,1722]" box="[159,1379,1493,1515]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Specimen Spicule Length (µm) Width (µm) n</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A824FFDEFD8366FAFAD8E52A" blockId="19.[159,1392,1493,1722]" box="[618,1320,1534,1556]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">min mean sd max min mean sd max</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A824FFDEFF76652CFA86E409" blockId="19.[159,1392,1493,1722]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1436,1786,2027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
|
||
UFRJPOR 6526 (H) Triactine I 56.7 69.8 7.9 91.8 8.1 8.4 0.6 9.5 20 Triactine II 94.5 121.7 13.1 148.5 6.8 8.1 0.4 9.5 30 UFRJPOR 6528 (P) Triactine I 54.0 74.0 15.2 108.0 8.1 9.5 0.9 10.8 19 Triactine II 94.5 121.5 15.1 151.2 8.1 9.1 0.8 10.8 30 Triactines II: Usually equiangular and equiradiate, but subregular spicules (those with one or even all three actines with different lengths) are also common. Actines are cylindrical, undulated, with blunt tips (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A2A34A824FFDEFB1B641AFAC8E409" box="[1266,1336,1822,1847]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1536,1558]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,445,1514]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. Clathrina mutabilis sp. nov. A—Holotype after fixation. B—Section. C—Triactines I. D, E—Triactine II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847824/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Figs 8</figureCitation>
|
||
D, E)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A824FFDEFF2E6446FC92E465" blockId="19.[151,1436,1786,2027]" box="[199,866,1858,1883]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Trichoxeas: Very thin, straight and long (figure not shown).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A824FFDEFF2E6462FADFE440" blockId="19.[151,1436,1786,2027]" box="[199,1327,1894,1919]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A824FFDEFF2E6462FEDBE441" bold="true" box="[199,299,1894,1919]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
Both specimens were found in shaded habitats (crevices) in depths varying from
|
||
<quantity id="4C999B54A824FFDEFB546463FADBE440" box="[1213,1323,1894,1919]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" unit="m" value="11.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="7.0">7 to 15 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37B653AA824FFDEFF2E648EFB49E49D" box="[199,1209,1930,1955]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A824FFDEFF2E648EFB49E49D" blockId="19.[151,1436,1786,2027]" box="[199,1209,1930,1955]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A824FFDEFF2E648EFE90E49D" bold="true" box="[199,352,1930,1955]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Provisionally endemic to Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, off NE
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3767621A824FFDEFB84648EFB45E49D" box="[1133,1205,1930,1955]" name="Brazil" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37B653AA824FFD9FF2E64AAFE98E2B6" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="321" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A824FFD9FF2E64AAFE98E2B6" blockId="19.[151,1436,1786,2027]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="321" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A824FFDEFF2E64AAFECBE4F9" bold="true" box="[199,315,1966,1991]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A824FFDEFEAB64AAFDEEE4F8" authority="Klautau, 2017" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[322,542,1966,1990]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mutabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A824FFDEFEAB64AAFDEEE4F8" box="[322,542,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Clathrina mutabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657D8A824FFDEFDCF64AAFD70E4F9" box="[550,640,1966,1991]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A824FFDEFDCF64AAFD70E4F9" bold="true" box="[550,640,1966,1991]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
can be characterized by its yellow colour associated with the presence of two categories of triactines, one with cylindrical actines and blunt tips and the other, which is very rare, with conical actines and sharp tips. The only other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A823FFD9FCDF639CFC53E38E" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[822,931,152,176]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A823FFD9FCDF639CFC53E38E" box="[822,931,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Clathrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with yellow cormus and two categories of triactines is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A823FFD9FEC863B8FE55E3EA" authority="Klautau, 2017" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[289,421,188,212]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="insularis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A823FFD9FEC863B8FE55E3EA" box="[289,421,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">C. insularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657D8A823FFD9FE4463B8FDF8E3EB" box="[429,520,188,213]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A823FFD9FE4463B8FDF8E3EB" bold="true" box="[429,520,188,213]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Both species are morphologically very similar, but they can be differentiated by the thickness of the actines of triactines I (conical actines), which are larger in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A823FFD9FC1663E4FB77E3C6" authority="Klautau, 2017" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[1023,1159,224,248]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mutabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A823FFD9FC1663E4FB77E3C6" box="[1023,1159,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">C. mutabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657D8A823FFD9FB6763DBFB17E3C6" box="[1166,1255,223,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A823FFD9FB6763DBFB17E3C6" bold="true" box="[1166,1255,223,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Triactine I: 8.1 to 10.8 µm) than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A823FFD9FE936200FE0DE222" authority="Klautau, 2017" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[378,509,260,284]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="insularis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A823FFD9FE936200FE0DE222" box="[378,509,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">C. insularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657D8A823FFD9FDEC6200FDAFE223" box="[517,607,260,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A823FFD9FDEC6200FDAFE223" bold="true" box="[517,607,260,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Triactine I: 3.8 to 8.8 µm) (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E3030AA823FFD9FC4E6200FBF7E222" box="[935,1031,260,285]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,239,1442,1465]" captionText="TABLE 7. Spicule measurements of Clathrina insularis sp. nov. (H = holotype; P = paratype)." pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Tables 7</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E3030AA823FFD9FBD66200FBBFE222" box="[1087,1103,260,284]" captionStart="TABLE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,239,1442,1465]" captionText="TABLE 9. Spicule measurements of Clathrina mutabilis sp. nov. (H = holotype; P = paratype)." pageId="20" pageNumber="321">9</tableCitation>
|
||
). Besides, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A823FFD9FB006200FA82E222" authority="Klautau, 2017" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[1257,1394,260,284]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mutabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A823FFD9FB006200FA82E222" box="[1257,1394,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">C. mutabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657D8A823FFD9FA936200FF38E27E" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A823FFD9FA936200FF38E27E" bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
the triactines I are very rare, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A823FFD9FD91622CFD0BE27E" authority="Klautau, 2017" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[632,763,296,320]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="insularis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A823FFD9FD91622CFD0BE27E" box="[632,763,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">C. insularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657D8A823FFD9FCEA6223FCADE27E" box="[771,861,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A823FFD9FCEA6223FCADE27E" bold="true" box="[771,861,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
they are common, and the former became white in ethanol, while the latter turned brown. The molecular analysis also separated them as two species (see the molecular results).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF1E6639A823FFD9FF7E6504FABAE528" box="[151,1354,1536,1558]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847824/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" targetBox="[151,1436,445,1514]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A823FFD9FF7E6504FABAE528" blockId="20.[151,1354,1536,1558]" box="[151,1354,1536,1558]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A823FFD9FF7E6504FEE2E528" bold="true" box="[151,274,1536,1558]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A823FFD9FEF06504FE10E528" authority="Klautau, 2017" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[281,480,1536,1558]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mutabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A823FFD9FEF06504FE10E528" box="[281,480,1536,1558]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Clathrina mutabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657D8A823FFD9FE0F6504FDC7E528" box="[486,567,1536,1558]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A823FFD9FE0F6504FDC7E528" bold="true" box="[486,567,1536,1558]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A—Holotype after fixation. B—Section. C—Triactines I. D, E—Triactine II.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37B653AA823FFD9FF2E653AFC90E483" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE36B1A823FFD9FF2E653AFC90E483" blockId="20.[151,1437,1597,1982]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A823FFD9FF00653AFE86E56B" ID-CoL="VSVF" authority="Klautau, 2017" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[233,374,1597,1621]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mutabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A823FFD9FF00653AFE86E56B" box="[233,374,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">C. mutabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657D8A823FFD9FE686539FE2FE568" box="[385,479,1597,1622]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A823FFD9FE686539FE2FE568" bold="true" box="[385,479,1597,1622]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, trichoxeas may be present, but they are not a good taxonomic character for this species, as they are absent in some specimens. The value of trichoxeas as a taxonomic character was already discussed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B40A823FFD9FED06581FE1EE5A0" author="Thacker" box="[313,494,1669,1694]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Thacker, A. G. (1908) On collections of the Cape Verde Islands fauna made by Cyril Crossland, M. A. The Calcareous sponges. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 49, 757 - 782." type="journal article" year="1908">Thacker (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B40A823FFD9FDE96582FD7FE5A0" author="Row" box="[512,655,1670,1694]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Row, R. W. H. (1909) Reports on the marine biology of the Sudanese Red Sea. XIII. Report on the sponges, collected by Mr. Cyril Crossland in 1904 - 5. Part I. Calcarea. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology, 31 (206), 182 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1909. tb 00983. x" type="journal article" year="1909">Row (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B40A823FFD9FD3E6581FBD5E5A0" author="Klautau" box="[727,1061,1669,1694]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Klautau, M. & Valentine, C. (2003) Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 139, 1 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 0024 - 4082.2003.00063. x" type="journal article" year="2003">Klautau & Valentine (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B40A823FFD9FBDF6581FB19E5A0" author="Thacker" box="[1078,1257,1669,1694]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Thacker, A. G. (1908) On collections of the Cape Verde Islands fauna made by Cyril Crossland, M. A. The Calcareous sponges. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 49, 757 - 782." type="journal article" year="1908">Thacker (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned the presence of trichoxeas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A823FFD9FE2F65ADFC94E5FC" ID-CoL="5VRWL" authority="(Thacker, 1908)" baseAuthorityName="Thacker" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[454,868,1705,1730]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Ascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="atlantica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A823FFD9FE2F65ADFD51E5FF" box="[454,673,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Ascandra atlantica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B40A823FFD9FD5A65ADFCABE5FC" author="Thacker" box="[691,859,1705,1730]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Thacker, A. G. (1908) On collections of the Cape Verde Islands fauna made by Cyril Crossland, M. A. The Calcareous sponges. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 49, 757 - 782." type="journal article" year="1908">Thacker, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and suggested that this spicule category had no taxonomic value. He also proposed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A823FFD9FDB265CAFD08E5DB" ID-CoL="GZPV" baseAuthorityName="Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[603,760,1741,1765]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Arthuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tenuipilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A823FFD9FDB265CAFD08E5DB" box="[603,760,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. tenuipilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be considered only a variety of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A823FFD9FB5D65CAFAA5E5DB" box="[1204,1365,1742,1765]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Ascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="canariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A823FFD9FB5D65CAFAA5E5DB" box="[1204,1365,1742,1765]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. canariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the different amounts of trichoxeas ("hair-like oxea") in specimens from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3767621A823FFD9FBC165F6FB5BE434" box="[1064,1195,1777,1802]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
|
||
Islands.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B40A823FFD9FAFD65F6FA6CE434" author="Row" box="[1300,1436,1778,1802]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Row, R. W. H. (1909) Reports on the marine biology of the Sudanese Red Sea. XIII. Report on the sponges, collected by Mr. Cyril Crossland in 1904 - 5. Part I. Calcarea. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology, 31 (206), 182 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1909. tb 00983. x" type="journal article" year="1909">Row (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B40A823FFD9FF256411FDE8E410" author="Klautau" box="[204,536,1813,1838]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Klautau, M. & Valentine, C. (2003) Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 139, 1 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 0024 - 4082.2003.00063. x" type="journal article" year="2003">Klautau & Valentine (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered that trichoxeas should be used as taxonomic characters. In our molecular tree the two specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A823FFD9FDA5643EFD29E46F" ID-CoL="VSVF" authority="Klautau, 2017" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[588,729,1849,1873]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mutabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A823FFD9FDA5643EFD29E46F" box="[588,729,1849,1873]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">C. mutabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657D8A823FFD9FD0D643DFCB2E46C" box="[740,834,1849,1874]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A823FFD9FD0D643DFCB2E46C" bold="true" box="[740,834,1849,1874]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, with and without trichoxeas, grouped as the same species with 0% of p distance (see below). Therefore, at least in the present species the presence or absence of trichoxeas should not be used as a taxonomic character. we suggest these spicules to be considered more carefully in the future as possibly non-diagnostic characters in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D32A823FFD9FD0564A1FCA9E483" ID-CoL="84MDY" authorityName="Klautau" authorityYear="2017" box="[748,857,1957,1981]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EAA3A823FFD9FD0564A1FCA9E483" box="[748,857,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Clathrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |