148 lines
16 KiB
XML
148 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="5296AC486A5DC3F622CAA31029D978AF" ID-CLB-Dataset="9485" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4715537" ID-GBIF-Dataset="81916ce2-72cd-41a4-ab77-90301f5a88f8" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4715537" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,jeremy" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1596037011017" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="W. D. Matthew & Barnum Brown" docDate="1923" docId="03C8879DFF9FD26E82F4FCCC0FE7F945" docLanguage="en" docName="MatthewBrown1923.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 89" docStyle="DocumentStyle:26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4.6:AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleId="26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Gorgosaurus libratus" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="3" masterDocId="FFF1FFE5FF9FD26C8278FF8F0B64FFBD" masterDocTitle="Preliminary notices of skeletons and skulls of Deinodontidae from the Cretaceous of Alberta" masterLastPageNumber="10" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1699327292336" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="399CADBC781806E0BA2BE5C4A7DA7BDC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B3794C65C344CE284413AEEAA625938E">
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<mods:title id="D7CE021CF609C1D6EA2937AF9FE42057">Preliminary notices of skeletons and skulls of Deinodontidae from the Cretaceous of Alberta</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="626F2FEA590135F6B473FF9FD100F4C1" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="32801CFC02257FE4BE7416B11BFB8561">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E67D92C05D38458124DFF5D74B4F3FC1">W. D. Matthew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="B40DB3460F6608F32D0366BC3D542CF8" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F1C7E64354551B70298FF5A0BFC4E1FE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="62FC3CD1B7CA9F5CCB703277D4175EB6">Barnum Brown</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="92C0DFD813DF163D2D9718426E61FFF9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="F2AD084D498D2B7FA898D4D2A56EB860">
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<mods:title id="85CF86D0FB96477895CC61FE03154FF5">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="01453093088C7BD33B58B8B9D144B325">
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<mods:date id="3B64F5497DADA7D930A4D8EB08FAF8F6">1923</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="F9C11BDAE97992E4A9A12F08A4313400" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="025F2C78261835783182917BF2611EDB">1923-10-11</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="438CE584BFEB8A88E358A48BCC5E5962" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="9942E7DBD1C8B807115740E648528E96">89</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="0D06006810CC593EC5F9066332C14A24" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="4B86161369BFD8800C5E39937DC55BE9">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="717ACC67026A1130777A683F0C0366E6">10</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="3F87DC88A96BE643F21315F3B8F3A084">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3B30FF56BF5514A07B8EDF1F447FD425" type="CLB-Dataset">9485</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="410604D96C3F4C181809167AD42C764F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.4715537</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="92A85E4184FB84CBE450DDB3102FF201" type="GBIF-Dataset">81916ce2-72cd-41a4-ab77-90301f5a88f8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7950F12DDB9A9A32F0A21F9D7F3261EE" type="ISSN">0003-0082</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2BEF83F9D70D703E3F4F9F4CA7AE96BB" type="Zenodo-Dep">4715537</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03C8879DFF9FD26E82F4FCCC0FE7F945" ID-GBIF-Taxon="170597776" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C8879DFF9FD26E82F4FCCC0FE7F945" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8879DFF9FD26E82F4FCCC0FE7F945" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="C37B6500FF9FD26C82F4FCCC0990FCD7" box="[140,756,835,874]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDE368BFF9FD26C82F4FCCC0990FCD7" blockId="0.[134,1447,829,2332]" box="[140,756,835,874]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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1.-
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D08FF9FD26C82D7FCCC0905FCD4" authority="Lambe" box="[175,609,835,873]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9FD26C82D7FCCC0905FCD4" bold="true" box="[175,609,835,873]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gorgosaurus libratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9FD26C8008FCCB0994FCD7" box="[624,752,836,874]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">LAMBE</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B6500FF9FD26C816DFCCB09C4FB89" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDE368BFF9FD26C816DFCCB09C4FB89" blockId="0.[134,1447,829,2332]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation id="3B093CD6FF9FD26C816DFCCB09FFFB89" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2985773305" collectingDate="1913" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="Barnum Brown" country="Canada" formation="Belly River" location="Red Deer River" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" specimenCode="No. 5428" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta">
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Skeleton in position as found. Belly River formation,
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<collectingRegion id="49A5F869FF9FD26C8061FCFB09C1FC27" box="[537,677,884,922]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Alberta</collectingRegion>
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. This skeleton,
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<specimenCode id="DBC79EF0FF9FD26C8395FC2709FDFC72" box="[493,665,936,975]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">No. 5428</specimenCode>
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, was obtained by the American Museum Expedition of
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<collectingDate id="EF9BE9A3FF9FD26C83EDFC540A83FBBD" box="[405,487,987,1024]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1913</collectingDate>
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, in charge of
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<docAuthor id="20093706FF9FD26C8095FC520F68FBBF" box="[749,1036,988,1026]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectorName id="2694535DFF9FD26C8095FC520F68FBBF" box="[749,1036,988,1026]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barnum Brown</collectorName>
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</docAuthor>
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. The locality is
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<location id="8EBE6050FF9FD26C872FFC510A31FB8F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C8879DFF9FD26E82F4FCCC0FE7F945:8EBE6050FF9FD26C872FFC510A31FB8F" country="Canada" name="Red Deer River" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" stateProvince="Alberta">Red Deer River</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49A5F869FF9FD26C8314FB820A93FB8E" box="[364,503,1037,1075]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Alberta</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F376761BFF9FD26C8077FB8209FFFB89" box="[527,667,1037,1076]" name="Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Canada</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B6500FF9FD26E82A5FBCF0FE7F945" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDE368BFF9FD26C82A5FBCF0F75FB71" blockId="0.[134,1447,829,2332]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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It was prepared by Peter Kaisen and placed on exhibition in 1918. It
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9FD26C82C1FBFD0BB0FB24" box="[185,212,1138,1177]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">is</emphasis>
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nearly complete, except for the tail, of which only three distal caudals and the spine of the first caudal are preserved.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE368BFF9FD26C82A4FB5A0F24F831" blockId="0.[134,1447,829,2332]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The position of the skeleton, with the head thrown backward so that the top of the skull rests against the backbone, and the legs doubled up under the body, shows well in the illustration (
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<figureCitation id="135A2A0EFF9FD26C8644FAB00FCEFAD8" box="[1084,1194,1343,1382]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[1590,1624,1490,1541]" captionTargetBox="[299,1551,296,2284]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Gorgosaurus libratus Lambe. Skeleton mounted as found in the rock. The parts restored are painted on the panel. Amer. Mus. No. 5428. Length of 12 feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10077076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10077076/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). This position is commonly seen in articulated skeletons resting upon the s'de. It is the usual thing with the Belly River dinosaurs, although most strikingly displayed among those with a flexible or slender neck. In the Ceratopsia and ankylosaurs the neck is too short and stiff to permit of a complete reversal of the skull, but in
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D08FF9FD26C818BF9B60E4BF9DC" authority=", No." authorityName="No." box="[1011,1327,1593,1633]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Monoclonius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9FD26C818BF9B60FB2F9DC" box="[1011,1238,1593,1633]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Monoclonius</emphasis>
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, No.
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</taxonomicName>
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5351, the skull in its original position was drawn upward and backward as far as the limits of its movement permitted. This -
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9FD26C8623F9110FF4F978" box="[1115,1168,1694,1733]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">has</emphasis>
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been partially corrected in the completed mount. In the trachodont skeletons,
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D08FF9FD26C872EF95C0AA5F895" authority="No." authorityName="No." class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Procheneosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9FD26C872EF95C0A09F895" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Procheneosaurus</emphasis>
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No.
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</taxonomicName>
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5340,
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D08FF9FD26C8030F88D08F7F897" authority="No." authorityName="No." box="[584,915,1794,1834]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Corythosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9FD26C8030F88D085BF897" box="[584,831,1794,1834]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Corythosaurus</emphasis>
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No.
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</taxonomicName>
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5240, and others, the same position is clearly seen. In the'long, slender-necked
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9FD26C8620F8B80E3CF8E1" box="[1112,1368,1847,1884]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Struthiomimus</emphasis>
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the head is completely reversed, as it is in this skeleton.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE368BFF9FD26C829AF8170B91F6A1" blockId="0.[134,1447,829,2332]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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It is usual in preparing a panel mount of a skeleton to correct this distortion by resetting the skull and sometimes the anterior cervicals. In consequence, it is not so common in exhibition specimens as in those that are brought in from the field. But, so far as our experience goes, it
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9FD26C82CFF7EE0BB6F73A" box="[183,210,2145,2183]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">is</emphasis>
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the usual thing in an articulated fossil skeleton. It is quite as common among fossil mammals as among dinosaurs. Skeletons of
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D08FF9FD26C8742F7190B91F756" class="Mammalia" family="Camelidae" genus="Stenomylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9FD26C8742F7190B91F756" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stenomylus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(the "Gazelle Camel"),
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D08FF9FD26C80A4F74B0F6DF751" box="[732,1033,2244,2284]" class="Mammalia" family="Merycoidodontidae" genus="Promerycochoerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9FD26C80A4F74B0F6DF751" box="[732,1033,2244,2284]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Promerycochoerus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, etc., show the same thing.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF1E6603FF9ED26D844EFA5D0D0DFE3A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10077076" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10077076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10077076/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" startId="1.[1590,1624,1490,1541]" targetBox="[299,1551,296,2284]" targetPageId="1">
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<paragraph id="8BDE368BFF9ED26D844EFA5D0D2FFC77" blockId="1.[1583,1667,386,2201]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1. Gorgosaurus libratus Lambe.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE368BFF9ED26D8415F7A00D0DFE3A" blockId="1.[1583,1667,386,2201]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Skeleton mounted as found in the rock. The parts restored are painted on the panel. Amer. Mus. No. 5428. Length of 12 feet.</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BDE368BFF9DD26E82ACFEFA0EF1FD88" blockId="2.[126,1446,368,2385]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">This position has been cited by Moodie as evidence of the animal's death in that peculiar form of spasm "opisthotony," characteristic of lockjaw, and hence as indicating the prevalence of that disease among the Cretaceous dinosaurs. The explanation appears to us untenable.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE368BFF9DD26E82FBFDCF09ADFC2B" blockId="2.[126,1446,368,2385]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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For, not only
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9DD26E83EFFDB00AD6FDDB" box="[407,434,575,614]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">is</emphasis>
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the position characteristic of most articulated fossil skeletons found lying on their side, but it is equally common among the modern skeletons of sheep or cattle that are found lying out on the Western plains. These animals certainly did not die of lockjaw, but of exposure,
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9DD26E8312FC840AD1FC8E" box="[362,437,779,819]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">cold</emphasis>
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, hunger, or various forms of disease. Nor is it reasonable to suppose that lockjaw was the usual cause of death among extinct mammals and dinosaurs.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE368BFF9DD26E82AFFC2C0FADFA90" blockId="2.[126,1446,368,2385]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">The explanation probably lies in the shrinkage of ligaments along the dorsal side of the neck and backbone. after death. In the course of decay of the fleshy parts the connection of the under side of the neck with the shoulder girdle is rotted away, while the more resistant ligaments on the dorsal side of the spine, less deeply buried in flesh, tend more to desiccation and shrinkage. While these relations will be modified in each individual instance by the circumstances of burial, they hold sufficiently true in general to account for the observed facts.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE368BFF9DD26E82A1FAB70A3AF9E2" blockId="2.[126,1446,368,2385]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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In comparison with the fine skeleton of
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D08FF9DD26E818AFABA0E05FADD" box="[1010,1377,1333,1376]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9DD26E818AFABA0E05FADD" box="[1010,1377,1333,1376]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Gorgosaurus libratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the Ottawa Museum, described in detail by
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9DD26E81A5FAE30F7EFA2F" box="[989,1050,1388,1426]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mr</emphasis>
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. L.
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9DD26E860BFAE20FC4FA2F" box="[1139,1184,1389,1426]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">M</emphasis>
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. Lambe, this specimen has the skull much more complete, but the tail and the forelimbs much less so. The missing parts of the specimen have been painted in outline on the panel block, and are clearly shown in the photograph.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE368BFF9DD26E82A2F9E40FE7F945" blockId="2.[126,1446,368,2385]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Tail restored except for caudals 17-19. Distal end of ischium restored. Proximal parts of right metapodials restored, also parts of two ribs. Right humerus, radius, and forefoot restored.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |