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<mods:title id="08868EEDA3E0867190DC758FEDB78603">Four palaeonemerteans (Nemertea: Anopla) from a tidal flat in middle Honshu, Japan</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03825157FF92567DFB3F9730FD99FC91" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156788703" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03825157FF92567DFB3F9730FD99FC91" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03825157FF92567DFB3F9730FD99FC91" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<subSubSection id="C331B3CAFF92567CFB3F9730FD73FAF3" box="[264,721,1346,1373]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF92567CFB3F9730FD73FAF3" blockId="26.[264,721,1346,1437]" box="[264,721,1346,1373]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<heading id="D0DC572DFF92567CFB3F9730FD73FAF3" bold="true" box="[264,721,1346,1373]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF92567CFB3F9730FD73FAF3" bold="true" box="[264,721,1346,1373]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF92567CFB689731FD73FAF3" authority="Bergendal, 1902" authorityName="Bergendal" authorityYear="1902" box="[351,721,1346,1373]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF92567CFB689731FE5CFAF2" bold="true" box="[351,510,1347,1373]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Hubrechtella</emphasis>
Bergendal, 1902
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331B3CAFF92567CFB3F9714FD31FA32" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF92567CFB3F9714FDD8FAD3" blockId="26.[264,721,1346,1437]" box="[264,634,1381,1405]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3BC76FFF92567CFB3F9714FDD8FAD3" box="[264,634,1381,1405]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF92567CFB3F9714FDD4FAD3" authority="Bergendal, 1902 b: 9" authorityName="Bergendal" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="1902" box="[264,630,1381,1405]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF92567CFB3F9714FE31FAD2" box="[264,403,1382,1405]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Hubrechtella</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A8AC650FF92567CFBAC9717FDD4FAD3" author="Bergendal, D." box="[411,630,1381,1404]" page="9" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1902">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FF92567CFBAC9717FDFEFAD3" author="Bergendal, D." box="[411,604,1381,1404]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref13426" refString="Bergendal, D. (1902 b) Zur Kenntniss der nordischen Nemertinen. Bergens Museums Arbog, 4, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1902">Bergendal, 1902b</bibRefCitation>
: 9
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF92567CFB3F97F4FD31FA32" blockId="26.[264,721,1346,1437]" box="[264,659,1413,1437]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3BC76FFF92567CFB3F97F4FD31FA32" box="[264,659,1413,1437]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF92567CFB3F97F4FD88FA33" ID-CoL="2dcda853-33b0-42cb-a50b-01ff911f6b1a" authority="Takakura, 1922: 422" authorityName="Takakura" authorityPageNumber="422" authorityYear="1922" box="[264,554,1413,1437]" class="Pilidiophora" family="Hubrechtellidae" genus="Coeia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF92567CFB3F97F4FEEAFA32" box="[264,328,1414,1437]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Coeia</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A8AC650FF92567CFB7997F7FD88FA33" author="Takakura, U." box="[334,554,1413,1436]" page="422" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1922">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FF92567CFB7997F7FE5AFA33" author="Takakura, U." box="[334,504,1413,1436]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="419 - 422" refId="ref15401" refString="Takakura, U. (1922) Honpousan himomushi no ichi shinzoku ni tsukite [On a new genus of nemertean from Japan]. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 34, 419 - 422. [In Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1922">Takakura, 1922</bibRefCitation>
: 422
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF92567CF80697F7FD31FA32" bold="true" box="[561,659,1413,1437]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">syn. nov.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331B3CAFF92567CFB3F97BCFB88F9A0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF92567CFB3F97BCFB88F9A0" blockId="26.[264,1066,1486,1551]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF92567CFB3F97BCFE3AFA48" box="[264,408,1486,1511]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<typeStatus id="54905EE3FF92567CFB3F97BCFE9DFA48" box="[264,319,1486,1511]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF92567CFB0F9784FD44F9A0" authority="Bergendal, 1902" authorityName="Bergendal" authorityYear="1902" box="[312,742,1525,1551]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF92567CFB0F9784FDB9F9A0" box="[312,539,1526,1551]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Hubrechtella dubia</emphasis>
Bergendal, 1902
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypic designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331B3CAFF92567DFB3F9434FD99FC91" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF92567CFB3F9434FD29F928" blockId="26.[264,651,1606,1671]" box="[264,651,1606,1671]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF92567CFB3F9434FEDDF9F0" box="[264,383,1606,1631]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Diagnosis</emphasis>
As given by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FF92567CFBFB941FFD25F928" author="Gibson, R." box="[460,647,1645,1671]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="305 - 337" refId="ref14031" refString="Gibson, R. (1979 a) Nemerteans of the Great Barrier Reef. 1. Anopla Palaeonemertea. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 65, 305 - 337." type="journal article" year="1979">Gibson (1979a)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF92567CFB3F94CCFE49F978" blockId="26.[264,1325,1726,1871]" box="[264,491,1726,1751]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF92567CFB3F94CCFE49F978" box="[264,491,1726,1751]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Systematic remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF92567DFB0F9497FBD0FE01" blockId="26.[264,1325,1726,1871]" lastBlockId="27.[264,1324,284,830]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF92567CFB899494FD65F950" authority="Takakura, 1922" authorityName="Takakura" authorityYear="1922" box="[446,711,1765,1791]" class="Pilidiophora" family="Hubrechtellidae" genus="Coeia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF92567CFB899494FDA6F950" box="[446,516,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Coeia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FF92567CF8399497FD65F950" author="Takakura, U." box="[526,711,1765,1791]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="419 - 422" refId="ref15401" refString="Takakura, U. (1922) Honpousan himomushi no ichi shinzoku ni tsukite [On a new genus of nemertean from Japan]. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 34, 419 - 422. [In Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1922">Takakura, 1922</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is here considered a subjective junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF92567CFB3F957CFDD0F888" authority="Bergendal, 1902" authorityName="Bergendal" authorityYear="1902" box="[264,626,1805,1831]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF92567CFB3F957CFE03F888" box="[264,417,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Hubrechtella</emphasis>
Bergendal, 1902
</taxonomicName>
. Both genera were recently transferred from
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF92567CFEBA957FFE00F8E0" authority="Burger, 1892" authorityName="Burger" authorityYear="1892" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Nemertea" rank="family">
Hubrechtidae
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FF92567CFB3F9547FE00F8E0" author="Burger, O." box="[264,418,1845,1871]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="137 - 178" refId="ref13484" refString="Burger, O. (1892) Zur Systematik der Nemertinenfauna des Golfs von Neapel. Nachrichten von der Koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften und der Georg-Augusts-Universitat zu Gottingen, 5, 137 - 178." type="journal article" year="1892">Bürger, 1892</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
to a new family, Hubrechtellidae, by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FF92567CF9549547FBE8F8E0" author="Chernyshev, A. V." box="[867,1098,1845,1871]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="368 - 370" refId="ref13896" refString="Chernyshev, A. V. (2003) A new species of the genus Hubrechtella (Nemertea, Anopla) from the Sea of Japan and establishment of the family Hubrechtellidae. Biologiya Morya, 29, 368 - 370. [In Russian with English abstract]" type="journal article" year="2003">Chernyshev (2003)</bibRefCitation>
. Up until
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FF92567DFEF79547FEF4FE99" author="Takakura, U." lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="419 - 422" refId="ref15401" refString="Takakura, U. (1922) Honpousan himomushi no ichi shinzoku ni tsukite [On a new genus of nemertean from Japan]. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 34, 419 - 422. [In Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1922">Takakura (1922)</bibRefCitation>
established the monotypic genus
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF93567DF8E8936EFC87FE9A" authorityName="Takakura" authorityYear="1922" box="[735,805,284,309]" class="Pilidiophora" family="Hubrechtellidae" genus="Coeia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF93567DF8E8936EFC87FE9A" box="[735,805,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Coeia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the family
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF93567DF986936EFBEDFE99" authorityName="Burger" authorityYear="1892" box="[945,1103,284,310]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Nemertea" rank="family">Hubrechtidae</taxonomicName>
had contained two genera,
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF93567DFB5E9336FD35FEF1" authority="Burger, 1892" authorityName="Burger" authorityYear="1892" box="[361,663,324,350]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF93567DFB5E9336FE4CFEF2" box="[361,494,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hubrechtia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FF93567DFBCE9336FD35FEF1" author="Burger, O." box="[505,663,324,350]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="137 - 178" refId="ref13484" refString="Burger, O. (1892) Zur Systematik der Nemertinenfauna des Golfs von Neapel. Nachrichten von der Koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften und der Georg-Augusts-Universitat zu Gottingen, 5, 137 - 178." type="journal article" year="1892">Bürger, 1892</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF93567DF8E09336FBE7FEF1" authority="Bergendal, 1902" authorityName="Bergendal" authorityYear="1902" box="[727,1093,324,350]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF93567DF8E09336FCD3FEF2" box="[727,881,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hubrechtella</emphasis>
Bergendal, 1902
</taxonomicName>
. However, judging from
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FF93567DFB7C931EFD81FE29" author="Takakura, U." box="[331,547,364,390]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="419 - 422" refId="ref15401" refString="Takakura, U. (1922) Honpousan himomushi no ichi shinzoku ni tsukite [On a new genus of nemertean from Japan]. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 34, 419 - 422. [In Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1922">Takakuras (1922)</bibRefCitation>
statement that the family contained a single genus,
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF93567DFEA8931EFED7FE01" authority=", Takakura" authorityName="Takakura" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF93567DFEA8931EFA81FE2A" box="[1183,1315,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hubrechtia</emphasis>
, Takakura
</taxonomicName>
was apparently unaware of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF93567DF88993E6FCF5FE02" authorityName="Bergendal" authorityYear="1902" box="[702,855,404,429]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF93567DF88993E6FCF5FE02" box="[702,855,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hubrechtella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
when he erected
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF93567DFE1293E6FBC9FE02" authorityName="Takakura" authorityYear="1922" box="[1061,1131,404,429]" class="Pilidiophora" family="Hubrechtellidae" genus="Coeia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF93567DFE1293E6FBC9FE02" box="[1061,1131,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Coeia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF93567DFB0F93CEFD99FC91" blockId="27.[264,1324,284,830]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FF93567DFB0F93CEFE5BFE79" author="Takakura, U." box="[312,505,444,470]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="419 - 422" refId="ref15401" refString="Takakura, U. (1922) Honpousan himomushi no ichi shinzoku ni tsukite [On a new genus of nemertean from Japan]. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 34, 419 - 422. [In Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1922">Takakura (1922)</bibRefCitation>
used the following criteria to define
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF93567DF99193CEFC4EFE7A" authorityName="Takakura" authorityYear="1922" box="[934,1004,444,469]" class="Pilidiophora" family="Hubrechtellidae" genus="Coeia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF93567DF99193CEFC4EFE7A" box="[934,1004,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Coeia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1) no excretory system, 2) no inner circular muscle layer, 3) no eyes, 4) shallow lateral intestinal diverticula, and 5) a tail region, which lacks both intestine and gonads. The first three characters fully agree with the generic diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF93567DF8599046FCAAFDE2" authorityName="Bergendal" authorityYear="1902" box="[622,776,564,589]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF93567DF8599046FCAAFDE2" box="[622,776,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hubrechtella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The fourth character state can be formed by the serial arrangement of gonads, which are situated medially and associated with the intestinal wall; this character might vary intraspecifically, depending upon degree of maturity. The last character, which
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FF93567DF84590DEFC94FD69" author="Takakura, U." box="[626,822,684,710]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="419 - 422" refId="ref15401" refString="Takakura, U. (1922) Honpousan himomushi no ichi shinzoku ni tsukite [On a new genus of nemertean from Japan]. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 34, 419 - 422. [In Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1922">Takakura (1922)</bibRefCitation>
pointed out is similar to the caudal cirrus found in certain heteronemerteans, is known in juveniles of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF93567DF9EB90A6FEF2FCB9" authority="(Cantell 1969)" authorityName="Cantell" authorityYear="1969" baseAuthorityName="Cantell" baseAuthorityYear="1969" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF93567DF9EB90A6FB61FD42" box="[988,1219,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hubrechtella dubia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FF93567DFEE390A6FEE5FCB9" author="Cantell, C. - E." pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="61 - 111" refId="ref13676" refString="Cantell, C. - E. (1969) Morphology, development, and biology of the pilidium larvae (Nemertini) from the Swedish west coast. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala, 38, 61 - 111." type="journal article" year="1969">Cantell 1969</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; the presence of the tail in adult
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF93567DF8D5908EFCD1FCBA" authorityName="Takakura" authorityYear="1922" box="[738,883,764,789]" class="Pilidiophora" family="Hubrechtellidae" genus="Coeia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="ijimai">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF93567DF8D5908EFCD1FCBA" box="[738,883,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Coeia ijimai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be interpreted as a heterochronic retention of this character.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>