232 lines
37 KiB
XML
232 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080" ID-PMC="PMC5523356" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-683-51" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404" ID-PubMed="28769729" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1149788" ID-ZooBank="D7FD86CA6374480C821BA10C26CDDF32" ModsDocID="1313-2970-683-51" checkinTime="1502744546974" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Anzaldo, Salvatore S." docDate="2017" docId="F3102CA9E56AA9A8544D3055800F4447" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 683: 51-138" docOrigin="ZooKeys 683" docPubDate="2017-07-07" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080" docTitle="Zygopini Lacordaire 1865" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404" lastPageNumber="86" masterDocId="FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404" masterDocTitle="Review of the genera of Conoderinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from North America, Central America, and the Caribbean" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="85" updateTime="1668164589837" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Review of the genera of Conoderinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from North America, Central America, and the Caribbean</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Anzaldo, Salvatore S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, PO Box 874501, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287 - 4501, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">sanzaldo@asu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2017-07-07</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>683</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>51</mods:start>
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<mods:end>138</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-683-51</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D7FD86CA6374480C821BA10C26CDDF32</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1149788</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="132649117" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F3102CA9E56AA9A8544D3055800F4447" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F3102CA9E56AA9A8544D3055800F4447" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">
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<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="85" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">
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<taxonomicName LSID="F3102CA9-E56A-A9A8-544D-3055800F4447" authority="Lacordaire, 1865: 150" authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Zygopini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygopini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zygopini Lacordaire, 1865: 150</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="85" type="classificatory history and current circumscription">
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Classificatory history and current circumscription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">
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This tribe was originally characterized by
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<bibRefCitation author="Lacordaire, JT" journalOrPublisher="Roret, Paris" pageId="57" pageNumber="108" refId="B100" refString="Lacordaire, JT, 1865. Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes (Vol. 7). Roret, Paris" title="Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes (Vol. 7)." year="1865">Lacordaire (1865</bibRefCitation>
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: 150) for the genera
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Zygops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Zygops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peltophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltophorus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Peltophorus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Copturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Copturus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schonherr" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Timorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Timorus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Timorus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hemigaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hemigaster" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Hemigaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hemicolpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hemicolpus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Hemicolpus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) by a more-or-less canaliculate prosternum, a flat, unmodified mesoventrite, and straight, carinate hind femora that can exceed the apex of the abdomen. Presently, the genera placed in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Zygopini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygopini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zygopini</taxonomicName>
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lack sclerolepidia (except for
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Arachnomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arachnomorpha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Arachnomorpha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lissoderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lissoderes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Lissoderes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and some species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Philenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philenis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Philenis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and lack modification to the mesoventrite (except
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peltophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltophorus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Peltophorus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and most species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Philenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philenis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Philenis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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<bibRefCitation author="Davis, SR" journalOrPublisher="Caribbean Journal of Science" pageId="53" pageNumber="104" pagination="255 - 257" refId="B31" refString="Davis, SR, Engel, M, 2006. A zygopine weevil in Early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Caribbean Journal of Science 42 (2): 255 - 257" title="A zygopine weevil in Early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." volume="42" year="2006">Davis and Engel (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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also suggested the "strongly protuberant compound eyes, deeply depressed pronotal lateral-facing surfaces, and relatively large genae", but these features are also shared with several lechriopine genera.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">
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As indicated previously, of the genera currently placed in the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Zygopini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygopini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zygopini</taxonomicName>
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from the focal region,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Zygops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Zygops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peltophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltophorus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Peltophorus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are quite distinct from the rest with a large, exposed pygidium that is at least mostly visible in dorsal view and abdominal ventrites that do not ascend rapidly, a fifth abdominal ventrite that is arcuate in lateral profile (deflected apically downwards by the large pygidium). Additionally, most observed specimens of these genera have a quadrate to transversely rectangular scutellum (visible in Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 99–102" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figures 99 - 102. Lateral and dorsal habitus images of Zygopini. Scale bars = 2 mm unless otherwise specified. 99 a-b Peltophorus polymitus suffusus [ASUHIC 0016837]. 100 a-b Phileas granulatus [ARTSYS 0000528]. 101 a-b Philenis flavipes [ASUHIC 0065102]; scale bar for 101 a = 1 mm 102 a-b Zygops vitticollis [ASUHIC 0086634]; scale bar for 102 b = 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures99–102" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143840" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">102b</figureCitation>
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). The Dominican and Mexican amber fossil genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Davis & Engel" authorityYear="2006" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Geratozygops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Geratozygops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Geratozygops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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appears to belong to this group of "true zygopines", and as best could be determined from the images provided by
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<bibRefCitation author="Davis, SR" journalOrPublisher="Caribbean Journal of Science" pageId="53" pageNumber="104" pagination="255 - 257" refId="B31" refString="Davis, SR, Engel, M, 2006. A zygopine weevil in Early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Caribbean Journal of Science 42 (2): 255 - 257" title="A zygopine weevil in Early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." volume="42" year="2006">Davis and Engel (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2013.802311" author="Poinar, G" journalOrPublisher="Historical Biology" pageId="58" pageNumber="109" pagination="556 - 562" refId="B133" refString="Poinar, G, Legalov, A, 2013. New species of the subfamily Conoderinae (Coleoptera: Curculiondiae) in Dominican amber. Historical Biology 26 (5): 556 - 562, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2013.802311" title="New species of the subfamily Conoderinae (Coleoptera: Curculiondiae) in Dominican amber." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2013.802311" volume="26" year="2013">Poinar and Legalov (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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the species would key out to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Zygops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Zygops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the above key.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pascoe" authorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Latychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Latychus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Latychus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the South American piazurine proposed by
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<bibRefCitation author="Prena, J" editor="Leschen, RAB" journalOrPublisher="De Gruyter, Berlin / Boston" pageId="58" pageNumber="109" pagination="577 - 589" refId="B134" refString="Prena, J, Colonnelli, E, Hespenheide, HA, 2014. 3.7.9 Conoderinae Schoenherr, 1833. In: Leschen, RAB, Beutel, RG, Eds., Handbook of Zoology: Coleoptera, Beetles Volume 3: Morphology and Systematics (Phytophaga). De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston: 577 - 589" title="3.7.9 Conoderinae Schoenherr, 1833." volumeTitle="Handbook of Zoology: Coleoptera, Beetles Volume 3: Morphology and Systematics (Phytophaga)." year="2014">Prena et al. (2014</bibRefCitation>
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: 300) to be the identity of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Davis & Engel" authorityYear="2006" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Geratozygops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Geratozygops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Geratozygops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, would run to couplets 7-10, which treats the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Piazurini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piazurini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Piazurini</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">
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The genera besides
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Zygops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Zygops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peltophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltophorus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Peltophorus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be identified by having the following combination of characters: a concealed pygidium, strongly ascending abdominal ventrites, and a second funicular article that is subequal to or shorter than article 1 (except
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Philenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philenis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Philenis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and some
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cylindrocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Cylindrocopturus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" type="variation">
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Variation in key character systems.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">
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The mesoventrite of most genera and species is unmodified, with exceptions being found in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peltophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltophorus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Peltophorus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(which has the mesoventrite ventrally produced and nearly cup-like, Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–18" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 10 - 18. Variation in the mesoventrite. 10 Lechriops californicus [ASUHIC 0024146] showing relatively parallel carinae marking the lateral margin of the rostral channel and a closure of the channel on the metaventrite 11 Microzygops nigrofasciatus [ARTSYS 0000797] with tubercles anterior to the mesocoxae and slight, arcuate carinae on the anterior region of the mesoventrite (encircling the central scaled region) 12 Paramnemyne decemcostata [ARTSYS 0000798] showing tuberculate posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite and a transverse carina near the posterior margin of the metaventrite 13 Pseudolechriops klopferi [SSAC 0001060] showing a deep ovoid receptacle on the meso- and metaventrite 14 Turcopus viscivorus [ARTSYS 0000530] showing a receptacle on the mesoventrite with prominently carinate posterior margin 15 Lissoderes subnudus [SSAC 0001066] showing a completely unmodified mesoventrite covered with multifid setae 16 Peltophorus adustus [ASUHIC 0031514] showing a ventrally expanded posterior margin of the mesoventrite to receive the rostrum in repose 17 Philenis fuscofemorata [ARTSYS 0000659] with tubercles at the posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite and a deep depression at the posterior margin in between 18 Philinna bicristata [ARTSYS 0000799] showing slight lamellate processes at the posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite as well as transversely flattened projections behind the procoxae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures10–18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143827" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">16</figureCitation>
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), a few species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Zygops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Zygops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(with the posterolateral margins tumescent or with small processes), most species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Philenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philenis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Philenis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(with a posteromedial semicircular depression and posterolateral tubercles, Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–18" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 10 - 18. Variation in the mesoventrite. 10 Lechriops californicus [ASUHIC 0024146] showing relatively parallel carinae marking the lateral margin of the rostral channel and a closure of the channel on the metaventrite 11 Microzygops nigrofasciatus [ARTSYS 0000797] with tubercles anterior to the mesocoxae and slight, arcuate carinae on the anterior region of the mesoventrite (encircling the central scaled region) 12 Paramnemyne decemcostata [ARTSYS 0000798] showing tuberculate posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite and a transverse carina near the posterior margin of the metaventrite 13 Pseudolechriops klopferi [SSAC 0001060] showing a deep ovoid receptacle on the meso- and metaventrite 14 Turcopus viscivorus [ARTSYS 0000530] showing a receptacle on the mesoventrite with prominently carinate posterior margin 15 Lissoderes subnudus [SSAC 0001066] showing a completely unmodified mesoventrite covered with multifid setae 16 Peltophorus adustus [ASUHIC 0031514] showing a ventrally expanded posterior margin of the mesoventrite to receive the rostrum in repose 17 Philenis fuscofemorata [ARTSYS 0000659] with tubercles at the posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite and a deep depression at the posterior margin in between 18 Philinna bicristata [ARTSYS 0000799] showing slight lamellate processes at the posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite as well as transversely flattened projections behind the procoxae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures10–18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143827" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">17</figureCitation>
|
||
), and a few other species with slight posteromedial depressions (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hespenheide" authorityYear="2005" class="Insecta" family="Lecythidaceae" genus="Archocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archocopturus championi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="championi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Archocopturus championi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hespenheide, 2005). The general form of the tibial apex varies little from the typical conoderine form apart from having a very short and curved uncus (in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Helleriella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helleriella" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Helleriella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Champion, 1906 and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peltophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltophorus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Peltophorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 19–36" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 19 - 36. Variation in the metatibial apex. 19 Mesotibial apex of Lechriops vestitus illustrating parts of the tibial apex: a) posterior apical angle with large, curved uncus; b) middle of the apex with produced, rounded inner flange; c) anterior apical margin with premucro; d) oblique ridge of premucro; e) apical setal tuft 20 Male Trichodocerus brevilineatus [ARTSYS 0000609] with a tibial uncus arising at the middle of the apex 21 Cratosomus punctulatus mexicanus [ASUHIC 0031510] with thick fascicles of golden setae near the anterior apical margin and a dense setal brush at the posterior apical face 22 Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus [ASUHIC 0086627] with a large, subapical premucro 23 Piazurus laetus [SSAC 0001077], showing a typical tibial apex for that genus 24 Acoptus suturalis [ASUHIC 0016915] 25 Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC 0001288] with a pointed, premucro-like inner flange 26 Pseudolechriops klopferi [SSAC 0001060] showing an elongate, uncus-like inner flange. 27 Arachnomorpha circumlineata [ARTSYS 0000535] 28 Archocopturus medeterae [ASUHIC 16884] 29 Cylindrocopturus adspersus [ASUHIC 0016896] with a rounded, produced inner flange 30 Helleriella longicollis [ASUHIC 0065241] with a very short uncus 31 Lissoderes cecropiae [ASUHIC 0064707] with an elongate uncus and minute premucro 32 Phileas granulatus [ARTSYS 0000528] with the middle of the apex (between uncus and premucro) sunken 33 Peltophorus adustus [ASUHIC 0012325] with a short uncus and posterodistal setal comb extending halfway to the base of the tibia 34 Zygops erythropygus [ASUHIC 0086640] with short posterodistal setal comb. 35 Philenis flavipes [ASUHIC 0065102] 36 Philinna bicristata [ARTSYS 0000799] with a small tooth at the anterior apical angle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures19–36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143828" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">30</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 19–36" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 19 - 36. Variation in the metatibial apex. 19 Mesotibial apex of Lechriops vestitus illustrating parts of the tibial apex: a) posterior apical angle with large, curved uncus; b) middle of the apex with produced, rounded inner flange; c) anterior apical margin with premucro; d) oblique ridge of premucro; e) apical setal tuft 20 Male Trichodocerus brevilineatus [ARTSYS 0000609] with a tibial uncus arising at the middle of the apex 21 Cratosomus punctulatus mexicanus [ASUHIC 0031510] with thick fascicles of golden setae near the anterior apical margin and a dense setal brush at the posterior apical face 22 Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus [ASUHIC 0086627] with a large, subapical premucro 23 Piazurus laetus [SSAC 0001077], showing a typical tibial apex for that genus 24 Acoptus suturalis [ASUHIC 0016915] 25 Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC 0001288] with a pointed, premucro-like inner flange 26 Pseudolechriops klopferi [SSAC 0001060] showing an elongate, uncus-like inner flange. 27 Arachnomorpha circumlineata [ARTSYS 0000535] 28 Archocopturus medeterae [ASUHIC 16884] 29 Cylindrocopturus adspersus [ASUHIC 0016896] with a rounded, produced inner flange 30 Helleriella longicollis [ASUHIC 0065241] with a very short uncus 31 Lissoderes cecropiae [ASUHIC 0064707] with an elongate uncus and minute premucro 32 Phileas granulatus [ARTSYS 0000528] with the middle of the apex (between uncus and premucro) sunken 33 Peltophorus adustus [ASUHIC 0012325] with a short uncus and posterodistal setal comb extending halfway to the base of the tibia 34 Zygops erythropygus [ASUHIC 0086640] with short posterodistal setal comb. 35 Philenis flavipes [ASUHIC 0065102] 36 Philinna bicristata [ARTSYS 0000799] with a small tooth at the anterior apical angle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures19–36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143828" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">33</figureCitation>
|
||
, respectively), a minute premucro (in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lissoderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lissoderes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Lissoderes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Arachnomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arachnomorpha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="35" pageNumber="86" start="start">Arachnomorpha</pageBreakToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 19–36" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 19 - 36. Variation in the metatibial apex. 19 Mesotibial apex of Lechriops vestitus illustrating parts of the tibial apex: a) posterior apical angle with large, curved uncus; b) middle of the apex with produced, rounded inner flange; c) anterior apical margin with premucro; d) oblique ridge of premucro; e) apical setal tuft 20 Male Trichodocerus brevilineatus [ARTSYS 0000609] with a tibial uncus arising at the middle of the apex 21 Cratosomus punctulatus mexicanus [ASUHIC 0031510] with thick fascicles of golden setae near the anterior apical margin and a dense setal brush at the posterior apical face 22 Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus [ASUHIC 0086627] with a large, subapical premucro 23 Piazurus laetus [SSAC 0001077], showing a typical tibial apex for that genus 24 Acoptus suturalis [ASUHIC 0016915] 25 Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC 0001288] with a pointed, premucro-like inner flange 26 Pseudolechriops klopferi [SSAC 0001060] showing an elongate, uncus-like inner flange. 27 Arachnomorpha circumlineata [ARTSYS 0000535] 28 Archocopturus medeterae [ASUHIC 16884] 29 Cylindrocopturus adspersus [ASUHIC 0016896] with a rounded, produced inner flange 30 Helleriella longicollis [ASUHIC 0065241] with a very short uncus 31 Lissoderes cecropiae [ASUHIC 0064707] with an elongate uncus and minute premucro 32 Phileas granulatus [ARTSYS 0000528] with the middle of the apex (between uncus and premucro) sunken 33 Peltophorus adustus [ASUHIC 0012325] with a short uncus and posterodistal setal comb extending halfway to the base of the tibia 34 Zygops erythropygus [ASUHIC 0086640] with short posterodistal setal comb. 35 Philenis flavipes [ASUHIC 0065102] 36 Philinna bicristata [ARTSYS 0000799] with a small tooth at the anterior apical angle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures19–36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143828" pageId="35" pageNumber="86">27</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 19–36" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 19 - 36. Variation in the metatibial apex. 19 Mesotibial apex of Lechriops vestitus illustrating parts of the tibial apex: a) posterior apical angle with large, curved uncus; b) middle of the apex with produced, rounded inner flange; c) anterior apical margin with premucro; d) oblique ridge of premucro; e) apical setal tuft 20 Male Trichodocerus brevilineatus [ARTSYS 0000609] with a tibial uncus arising at the middle of the apex 21 Cratosomus punctulatus mexicanus [ASUHIC 0031510] with thick fascicles of golden setae near the anterior apical margin and a dense setal brush at the posterior apical face 22 Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus [ASUHIC 0086627] with a large, subapical premucro 23 Piazurus laetus [SSAC 0001077], showing a typical tibial apex for that genus 24 Acoptus suturalis [ASUHIC 0016915] 25 Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC 0001288] with a pointed, premucro-like inner flange 26 Pseudolechriops klopferi [SSAC 0001060] showing an elongate, uncus-like inner flange. 27 Arachnomorpha circumlineata [ARTSYS 0000535] 28 Archocopturus medeterae [ASUHIC 16884] 29 Cylindrocopturus adspersus [ASUHIC 0016896] with a rounded, produced inner flange 30 Helleriella longicollis [ASUHIC 0065241] with a very short uncus 31 Lissoderes cecropiae [ASUHIC 0064707] with an elongate uncus and minute premucro 32 Phileas granulatus [ARTSYS 0000528] with the middle of the apex (between uncus and premucro) sunken 33 Peltophorus adustus [ASUHIC 0012325] with a short uncus and posterodistal setal comb extending halfway to the base of the tibia 34 Zygops erythropygus [ASUHIC 0086640] with short posterodistal setal comb. 35 Philenis flavipes [ASUHIC 0065102] 36 Philinna bicristata [ARTSYS 0000799] with a small tooth at the anterior apical angle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures19–36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143828" pageId="35" pageNumber="86">31</figureCitation>
|
||
, respectively), and a premucro oriented at a 45° angle to the longitudinal axis of the tibia (in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Phileas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phileas" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="86">Phileas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Champion, 1906 and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Philenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philenis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="86">Philenis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 19–36" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 19 - 36. Variation in the metatibial apex. 19 Mesotibial apex of Lechriops vestitus illustrating parts of the tibial apex: a) posterior apical angle with large, curved uncus; b) middle of the apex with produced, rounded inner flange; c) anterior apical margin with premucro; d) oblique ridge of premucro; e) apical setal tuft 20 Male Trichodocerus brevilineatus [ARTSYS 0000609] with a tibial uncus arising at the middle of the apex 21 Cratosomus punctulatus mexicanus [ASUHIC 0031510] with thick fascicles of golden setae near the anterior apical margin and a dense setal brush at the posterior apical face 22 Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus [ASUHIC 0086627] with a large, subapical premucro 23 Piazurus laetus [SSAC 0001077], showing a typical tibial apex for that genus 24 Acoptus suturalis [ASUHIC 0016915] 25 Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC 0001288] with a pointed, premucro-like inner flange 26 Pseudolechriops klopferi [SSAC 0001060] showing an elongate, uncus-like inner flange. 27 Arachnomorpha circumlineata [ARTSYS 0000535] 28 Archocopturus medeterae [ASUHIC 16884] 29 Cylindrocopturus adspersus [ASUHIC 0016896] with a rounded, produced inner flange 30 Helleriella longicollis [ASUHIC 0065241] with a very short uncus 31 Lissoderes cecropiae [ASUHIC 0064707] with an elongate uncus and minute premucro 32 Phileas granulatus [ARTSYS 0000528] with the middle of the apex (between uncus and premucro) sunken 33 Peltophorus adustus [ASUHIC 0012325] with a short uncus and posterodistal setal comb extending halfway to the base of the tibia 34 Zygops erythropygus [ASUHIC 0086640] with short posterodistal setal comb. 35 Philenis flavipes [ASUHIC 0065102] 36 Philinna bicristata [ARTSYS 0000799] with a small tooth at the anterior apical angle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures19–36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143828" pageId="35" pageNumber="86">32</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 19–36" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 19 - 36. Variation in the metatibial apex. 19 Mesotibial apex of Lechriops vestitus illustrating parts of the tibial apex: a) posterior apical angle with large, curved uncus; b) middle of the apex with produced, rounded inner flange; c) anterior apical margin with premucro; d) oblique ridge of premucro; e) apical setal tuft 20 Male Trichodocerus brevilineatus [ARTSYS 0000609] with a tibial uncus arising at the middle of the apex 21 Cratosomus punctulatus mexicanus [ASUHIC 0031510] with thick fascicles of golden setae near the anterior apical margin and a dense setal brush at the posterior apical face 22 Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus [ASUHIC 0086627] with a large, subapical premucro 23 Piazurus laetus [SSAC 0001077], showing a typical tibial apex for that genus 24 Acoptus suturalis [ASUHIC 0016915] 25 Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC 0001288] with a pointed, premucro-like inner flange 26 Pseudolechriops klopferi [SSAC 0001060] showing an elongate, uncus-like inner flange. 27 Arachnomorpha circumlineata [ARTSYS 0000535] 28 Archocopturus medeterae [ASUHIC 16884] 29 Cylindrocopturus adspersus [ASUHIC 0016896] with a rounded, produced inner flange 30 Helleriella longicollis [ASUHIC 0065241] with a very short uncus 31 Lissoderes cecropiae [ASUHIC 0064707] with an elongate uncus and minute premucro 32 Phileas granulatus [ARTSYS 0000528] with the middle of the apex (between uncus and premucro) sunken 33 Peltophorus adustus [ASUHIC 0012325] with a short uncus and posterodistal setal comb extending halfway to the base of the tibia 34 Zygops erythropygus [ASUHIC 0086640] with short posterodistal setal comb. 35 Philenis flavipes [ASUHIC 0065102] 36 Philinna bicristata [ARTSYS 0000799] with a small tooth at the anterior apical angle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures19–36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143828" pageId="35" pageNumber="86">35</figureCitation>
|
||
, respectively).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="86" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="86">Diversity and distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="86">Eighty-three species are currently known from the 11 genera occuring north of South America. An additional 8 genera occur exclusively in South America and two more are also recorded from Africa.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |