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<document id="1DF2F5103914CE44BD89BFFA075B549C" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2021.755.1405" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b932c9e5-ddad-4c11-8eee-ff17188d77cf" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5032970" ID-ZooBank="F9105E33-3E8B-4B3C-88B3-0316207B70F6" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="julia" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1624643559605" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gale, Andy S. &amp; Jagt, John W. M." docDate="2021" docId="F160A3677161FFABFDC37293FCA7230E" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-755_149-190.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 755" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.755.1405" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Punkaster ruegenensis Gale &amp; Jagt 2021, gen. et sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="9762A572-434A-4D16-86F8-644D05201BC4" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="174" masterDocId="0D59DB1F7176FFB2FFF77706FFD02038" masterDocTitle="The fossil record of the family Benthopectinidae (Echinodermata, Asteroidea), a reappraisal" masterLastPageNumber="190" masterPageNumber="149" pageNumber="172" updateTime="1702001525913" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="492F5445605B4381C4C921F520D77A05">The fossil record of the family Benthopectinidae (Echinodermata, Asteroidea), a reappraisal</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="49D8BB160A1D41BEFA0A11B7724FDBD8">Gale, Andy S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D66CFA7E6951EFC33B0CB18EC7C7A22B">Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom. &amp; School of the Environment, Geography and Geological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO 13 QL, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="778428EC0D0C0131D1FC394BFD2D7C58">Jagt, John W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="34ADC8E797B0875465CE0C4A027A81E0">Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht, De Bosquetplein 6 - 7, 6211 KJ Maastricht, the Netherlands.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1B1AEA2B2EE78DF56DE7BE101E617812" type="email">john.jagt@maastricht.nl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="67CDFFBC9B9ADCC9FEF6D7A3558C0950">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="F160A3677161FFABFDC37293FCA7230E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5036846" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183195096" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5036846" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9762A572-434A-4D16-86F8-644D05201BC4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F160A3677161FFABFDC37293FCA7230E" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="23" pageNumber="172">
<subSubSection id="31D341FA7161FFA5FDC37293FBD02588" box="[564,1024,1429,1456]" pageId="23" pageNumber="172" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="797612717161FFA5FDC37293FBD02588" blockId="23.[374,1214,1429,1530]" box="[564,1024,1429,1456]" pageId="23" pageNumber="172">
<heading id="223EA51D7161FFA5FDC37293FBD02588" box="[564,1024,1429,1456]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="172" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="BEC969F27161FFA5FDC37293FC982588" authority="Gale &amp; Jagt, 2021" authorityName="Gale &amp; Jagt" authorityYear="2021" box="[564,840,1429,1456]" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" genus="Punkaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notomyotida" pageId="23" pageNumber="172" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ruegenensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4BBDCE637161FFA5FDC37293FC982588" bold="true" box="[564,840,1429,1456]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="172">Punkaster ruegenensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="508E73187161FFA5FCA77290FBD02588" box="[848,1024,1430,1456]" pageId="23" pageNumber="172" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="31D341FA7161FFA5FE8172BCFCAF25C2" pageId="23" pageNumber="172" type="description">
<paragraph id="797612717161FFA5FE8172BCFB6E25ED" blockId="23.[374,1214,1429,1530]" box="[374,1214,1466,1493]" pageId="23" pageNumber="172">
<uri id="0D581E737161FFA5FE8172BCFB6E25ED" box="[374,1214,1466,1493]" pageId="23" pageNumber="172">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="0D6F28A47161FFA5FD6272BCFB6E25ED" box="[661,1214,1466,1493]" pageId="23" pageNumber="172">9762A572-434A-4D16-86F8-644D05201BC4</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="797612717161FFA5FD4272E6FCAF25C2" blockId="23.[374,1214,1429,1530]" box="[693,895,1504,1530]" pageId="23" pageNumber="172">
<figureCitation id="E1F20EF47161FFA5FD4272E6FCAF25C2" box="[693,895,1504,1530]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1328,1354]" captionTargetBox="[296,1291,265,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-15@16.[189,1398,283,1870]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 7 (next page). AJ. Jurapecten infrajurensis sp. nov., various ossicle types (paratypes). A, H. Ambulacrals, in lateral and actinal aspects, respectively (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 21,SNSB- BGSP2020XLV 28). B, EF. Adambulacrals, in actinal and abactinal views (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 22, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 2526). C, G, J. Superomarginals, in lateral views (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 23, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 27, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 30). D, I. Inferomarginals, in lateral views (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 24, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 29). — KY. Jurapecten hessi Gale, 2011. K, P, U. Adambulacral ossicles. K. Abactinal view (NHMUK PI EE 17996). P. NHMUK EE 13598 (the original of Gale 2011a: pl. 19 fig. 11). U. NHMUK EE 13599, the original of Gale (2011a: pl. 20 fig. 12). L. Circumoral ossicle (NHMUK EE 13605, the original of Gale 2011a: pl. 20 fig. 13). MN. Ambulacral ossicles, in actinal and abactinal views, respectively (NHMUK EE 1359513596, the originals of Gale 2011a: pl. 19 figs 89). O. Ambulacral, in proximal/distal view (NHMUK 13597). QS. Superomarginal ossicles (NHMUK EE 1360113602; the originals of Gale 2011a: pl. 20 figs 67). T, VW. Inferomarginals (NHMUK EE 13600, EE 1360313604, EE 13608, the originals of Gale 2011a: pl. 20 figs 5, 8, 16). XY. Oral ossicles (NHMUK EE 13606 13607, the originals of Gale 2011a: pl. 20 figs 10, 14). Provenance: AJ. Upper Toarcianlower Aalenian (possibly aalensis ammonite Zone), Quedlinburg (Landkreis Harz, northern Germany; see Hess 2014). KY. Upper Oxfordian (Couches dEffingen, bifurcatus ammonite Zone, stenocycloides ammonite Subzone), Savigna, near Orgelet, Département du Jura, France (Gale 2011b). Abbreviations: d = distal; p = proximal. See Fig. 3 for detailed morphological terminology. Scale bars: AJ = 0.2 mm; KY = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5036870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5036870/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="172">Fig. 12AI, LM</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="31D341FA7161FFA5FF4A7125FD2126AA" pageId="23" pageNumber="172" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="797612717161FFA5FF4A7125FEE62605" blockId="23.[189,310,1571,1597]" box="[189,310,1571,1597]" pageId="23" pageNumber="172">
<heading id="223EA51D7161FFA5FF4A7125FEE62605" bold="true" box="[189,310,1571,1597]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="172" reason="3">
<emphasis id="4BBDCE637161FFA5FF4A7125FEE62605" bold="true" box="[189,310,1571,1597]" pageId="23" pageNumber="172">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="797612717161FFA5FF4A7155FD2126AA" blockId="23.[189,1400,1619,1683]" pageId="23" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName id="BEC969F27161FFA5FF4A7155FEE42655" authority="Gale &amp; Jagt, 2021" authorityName="Gale &amp; Jagt" authorityYear="2021" box="[189,308,1619,1645]" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" genus="Punkaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notomyotida" pageId="23" pageNumber="172" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="4BBDCE637161FFA5FF4A7155FEE42655" box="[189,308,1619,1645]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="172">Punkaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="508E73187161FFA5FECB7152FE772656" box="[316,423,1620,1646]" pageId="23" pageNumber="172" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in which the proximal supero- and inferomarginals form fused pairs; distally, they are separate. Large marginal spine bases absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="31D341FA7161FFA5FF4A71BAFBD6273E" box="[189,1030,1724,1798]" pageId="23" pageNumber="172" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="797612717161FFA5FF4A71BAFE9426EE" blockId="23.[189,324,1724,1750]" box="[189,324,1724,1750]" pageId="23" pageNumber="172">
<heading id="223EA51D7161FFA5FF4A71BAFE9426EE" bold="true" box="[189,324,1724,1750]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="172" reason="3">
<emphasis id="4BBDCE637161FFA5FF4A71BAFE9426EE" bold="true" box="[189,324,1724,1750]" pageId="23" pageNumber="172">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="797612717161FFA5FF4A71EAFBD6273E" blockId="23.[189,1030,1772,1798]" box="[189,1030,1772,1798]" pageId="23" pageNumber="172">
Named after the island of Rügen (northeast
<collectingCountry id="01DE52E17161FFA5FD4871EAFCFE273E" box="[703,814,1772,1798]" name="Germany" pageId="23" pageNumber="172">Germany</collectingCountry>
) in the Baltic Sea.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="31D341FA7161FFA5FF4A7029FB5A27D0" pageId="23" pageNumber="172" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="797612717161FFA5FF4A7029FE5C2771" blockId="23.[189,396,1839,1865]" box="[189,396,1839,1865]" pageId="23" pageNumber="172">
<heading id="223EA51D7161FFA5FF4A7029FE5C2771" bold="true" box="[189,396,1839,1865]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="172" reason="3">
<emphasis id="4BBDCE637161FFA5FF4A7029FE5C2771" bold="true" box="[189,396,1839,1865]" pageId="23" pageNumber="172">Material studied</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="797612717161FFA5FF4A7059FB5A27D0" blockId="23.[189,1400,1887,2025]" pageId="23" pageNumber="172">
<materialsCitation id="C9A1182C7161FFA5FF4A7059FB5A27D0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3311523312" collectionCode="SNSB-BGSP" pageId="23" pageNumber="172" specimenCode="SNSB-BGSP 2020 XLV 31, SNSB-BGSP 2020 XLV 32-39, SNSB-BGSP 2020 XLV 32" specimenCount="1">
The interradial marginal pair (
<figureCitation id="E1F20EF47161FFA5FDD17059FD422741" box="[550,658,1887,1913]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1328,1354]" captionTargetBox="[296,1291,265,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-15@16.[189,1398,283,1870]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 7 (next page). AJ. Jurapecten infrajurensis sp. nov., various ossicle types (paratypes). A, H. Ambulacrals, in lateral and actinal aspects, respectively (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 21,SNSB- BGSP2020XLV 28). B, EF. Adambulacrals, in actinal and abactinal views (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 22, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 2526). C, G, J. Superomarginals, in lateral views (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 23, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 27, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 30). D, I. Inferomarginals, in lateral views (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 24, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 29). — KY. Jurapecten hessi Gale, 2011. K, P, U. Adambulacral ossicles. K. Abactinal view (NHMUK PI EE 17996). P. NHMUK EE 13598 (the original of Gale 2011a: pl. 19 fig. 11). U. NHMUK EE 13599, the original of Gale (2011a: pl. 20 fig. 12). L. Circumoral ossicle (NHMUK EE 13605, the original of Gale 2011a: pl. 20 fig. 13). MN. Ambulacral ossicles, in actinal and abactinal views, respectively (NHMUK EE 1359513596, the originals of Gale 2011a: pl. 19 figs 89). O. Ambulacral, in proximal/distal view (NHMUK 13597). QS. Superomarginal ossicles (NHMUK EE 1360113602; the originals of Gale 2011a: pl. 20 figs 67). T, VW. Inferomarginals (NHMUK EE 13600, EE 1360313604, EE 13608, the originals of Gale 2011a: pl. 20 figs 5, 8, 16). XY. Oral ossicles (NHMUK EE 13606 13607, the originals of Gale 2011a: pl. 20 figs 10, 14). Provenance: AJ. Upper Toarcianlower Aalenian (possibly aalensis ammonite Zone), Quedlinburg (Landkreis Harz, northern Germany; see Hess 2014). KY. Upper Oxfordian (Couches dEffingen, bifurcatus ammonite Zone, stenocycloides ammonite Subzone), Savigna, near Orgelet, Département du Jura, France (Gale 2011b). Abbreviations: d = distal; p = proximal. See Fig. 3 for detailed morphological terminology. Scale bars: AJ = 0.2 mm; KY = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5036870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5036870/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="172">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
) is the holotype (
<specimenCode id="296FBA0A7161FFA5FC927059FB612741" box="[869,1201,1887,1914]" collectionCode="SNSB-BGSP" pageId="23" pageNumber="172">SNSB-BGSP 2020 XLV 31</specimenCode>
); the other eight ossicles illustrated here are paratypes (
<specimenCode id="296FBA0A7161FFA5FD567082FBF827A6" box="[673,1064,1924,1951]" collectionCode="SNSB-BGSP" pageId="23" pageNumber="172">SNSB-BGSP 2020 XLV 3239</specimenCode>
), all from the upper lower Maastrichtian Chalk of Rügen, northeast Germany. Additional material includes over 30 marginal ossicles and other ossicles from the same locality (lot
<specimenCode id="296FBA0A7161FFA5FCC170C8FBAC27D0" box="[822,1148,1998,2025]" collectionCode="SNSB-BGSP" pageId="23" pageNumber="172">SNSB-BGSP 2020 XLV 32</specimenCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="2DB642F9716EFFAAFF4A714DFDC027D1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5032992" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5032992" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5032992/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="173" startId="24.[189,232,1611,1637]" targetBox="[296,1291,265,1583]" targetPageId="24">
<paragraph id="79761271716EFFAAFF4A714DFDC027D1" blockId="24.[185,1400,1611,2025]" pageId="24" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716EFFAAFF4A714DFE4E265D" bold="true" box="[189,414,1611,1637]" pageId="24" pageNumber="173">Fig. 12. AI, LM</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2716EFFAAFE59714DFD6A265D" authority="Gale &amp; Jagt, 2021" authorityName="Gale &amp; Jagt" authorityYear="2021" box="[430,698,1611,1637]" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" genus="Punkaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notomyotida" pageId="24" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ruegenensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716EFFAAFE59714DFD6A265D" box="[430,698,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="173">Punkaster ruegenensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="508E7318716EFFAAFD35714AFCA6265E" box="[706,886,1612,1638]" pageId="24" pageNumber="173" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716EFFAAFC88714DFC26265D" bold="true" box="[895,1014,1611,1637]" pageId="24" pageNumber="173">AE, HI</emphasis>
. Fused marginal pairs, in lateral (AC, E: SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 3133, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 35) views, at right angles to margin (D, H: SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 34, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 38) views and internal view (I: SNSB- BGSP2020XLV 39).
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716EFFAAFE3271B3FE2D26F7" bold="true" box="[453,509,1717,1743]" pageId="24" pageNumber="173">FG</emphasis>
. Distal inferomarginals in lateral view (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 3637).
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716EFFAAFF4A71DEFF0226CA" bold="true" box="[189,210,1752,1778]" pageId="24" pageNumber="173">A</emphasis>
. Holotype(SNSB-BGSP2020XLV31).
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716EFFAAFD6E71DEFD1626CA" bold="true" box="[665,710,1752,1778]" pageId="24" pageNumber="173">BI</emphasis>
. Paratypes(SNSB-BGSP2020XLV3239).
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716EFFAAFB3571DEFAD026CA" bold="true" box="[1218,1280,1752,1778]" pageId="24" pageNumber="173">LM</emphasis>
. Probable adambulacrals, actinal view (lot SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 32). —
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716EFFAAFC2B71FDFBC0272D" bold="true" box="[988,1040,1787,1813]" pageId="24" pageNumber="173">JK</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2716EFFAAFBD171FDFAC3272D" authority="Gale &amp; Jagt, 2021" authorityName="Gale &amp; Jagt" authorityYear="2021" box="[1062,1299,1787,1813]" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" genus="Punkaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notomyotida" pageId="24" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinifera" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716EFFAAFBD171FDFAC3272D" box="[1062,1299,1787,1813]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="173">Punkaster spinifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="508E7318716EFFAAFAD671FAFECB2701" pageId="24" pageNumber="173" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, marginals (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 4041). —
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716EFFAAFCB97018FC582700" bold="true" box="[846,904,1822,1848]" pageId="24" pageNumber="173">NO</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2716EFFAAFC607018FBDE2700" authority="Gale &amp; Jagt, 2021" authorityName="Gale &amp; Jagt" authorityYear="2021" box="[919,1038,1822,1848]" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" genus="Punkaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notomyotida" pageId="24" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716EFFAAFC607018FBDE2700" box="[919,1038,1822,1848]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="173">Punkaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="508E7318716EFFAAFBE07019FB552701" box="[1047,1157,1823,1849]" pageId="24" pageNumber="173" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, sp. indet., abactinal ossicles (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 4243). —
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716EFFAAFD277044FD302764" bold="true" box="[720,736,1858,1884]" pageId="24" pageNumber="173">P</emphasis>
.?
<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2716EFFAAFCFE7044FC502764" authority="Gale &amp; Jagt, 2021" authorityName="Gale &amp; Jagt" authorityYear="2021" box="[777,896,1858,1884]" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" genus="Punkaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notomyotida" pageId="24" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716EFFAAFCFE7044FC502764" box="[777,896,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="173">Punkaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="508E7318716EFFAAFC707044FC262764" box="[903,1014,1858,1884]" pageId="24" pageNumber="173" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, sp. indet., oral ossicle, external view (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 44). —
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716EFFAAFD7F7063FD4F2747" bold="true" box="[648,671,1893,1919]" pageId="24" pageNumber="173">Q</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2716EFFAAFD467063FCF82747" authority="Gale &amp; Jagt, 2021" authorityName="Gale &amp; Jagt" authorityYear="2021" box="[689,808,1893,1919]" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" genus="Punkaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notomyotida" pageId="24" pageNumber="173" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716EFFAAFD467063FCF82747" box="[689,808,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="173">Punkaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="508E7318716EFFAAFCC47060FC7427B8" box="[819,932,1894,1920]" pageId="24" pageNumber="173" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, sp. indet., adambulacral, actinal view (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 45). All specimens are from the upper lower Maastrichtian of Rügen, NE Germany. Abbreviation:p = proximal. See Fig. 3 for detailed morphological terminology. Scale bars: A, CQ = 0.5 mm; B = 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="31D341FA716FFFABFF4A760EFC54226D" pageId="25" pageNumber="174" type="description">
<paragraph id="79761271716FFFABFF4A760EFE9E211A" blockId="25.[189,334,264,290]" box="[189,334,264,290]" pageId="25" pageNumber="174">
<heading id="223EA51D716FFFABFF4A760EFE9E211A" bold="true" box="[189,334,264,290]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="174" reason="3">
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716FFFABFF4A760EFE9E211A" bold="true" box="[189,334,264,290]" pageId="25" pageNumber="174">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="79761271716FFFABFF4A763FFC54226D" blockId="25.[189,1399,313,597]" pageId="25" pageNumber="174">
Proximal marginals fused, bilobed; actinal part formed by a low, elongated, concave inferomarginal, abactinal part a subrectangular flange, formed by superomarginal (
<figureCitation id="E1F20EF4716FFFABFC0C765BFB032140" box="[1019,1235,349,376]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1328,1354]" captionTargetBox="[296,1291,265,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-15@16.[189,1398,283,1870]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 7 (next page). AJ. Jurapecten infrajurensis sp. nov., various ossicle types (paratypes). A, H. Ambulacrals, in lateral and actinal aspects, respectively (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 21,SNSB- BGSP2020XLV 28). B, EF. Adambulacrals, in actinal and abactinal views (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 22, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 2526). C, G, J. Superomarginals, in lateral views (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 23, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 27, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 30). D, I. Inferomarginals, in lateral views (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 24, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 29). — KY. Jurapecten hessi Gale, 2011. K, P, U. Adambulacral ossicles. K. Abactinal view (NHMUK PI EE 17996). P. NHMUK EE 13598 (the original of Gale 2011a: pl. 19 fig. 11). U. NHMUK EE 13599, the original of Gale (2011a: pl. 20 fig. 12). L. Circumoral ossicle (NHMUK EE 13605, the original of Gale 2011a: pl. 20 fig. 13). MN. Ambulacral ossicles, in actinal and abactinal views, respectively (NHMUK EE 1359513596, the originals of Gale 2011a: pl. 19 figs 89). O. Ambulacral, in proximal/distal view (NHMUK 13597). QS. Superomarginal ossicles (NHMUK EE 1360113602; the originals of Gale 2011a: pl. 20 figs 67). T, VW. Inferomarginals (NHMUK EE 13600, EE 1360313604, EE 13608, the originals of Gale 2011a: pl. 20 figs 5, 8, 16). XY. Oral ossicles (NHMUK EE 13606 13607, the originals of Gale 2011a: pl. 20 figs 10, 14). Provenance: AJ. Upper Toarcianlower Aalenian (possibly aalensis ammonite Zone), Quedlinburg (Landkreis Harz, northern Germany; see Hess 2014). KY. Upper Oxfordian (Couches dEffingen, bifurcatus ammonite Zone, stenocycloides ammonite Subzone), Savigna, near Orgelet, Département du Jura, France (Gale 2011b). Abbreviations: d = distal; p = proximal. See Fig. 3 for detailed morphological terminology. Scale bars: AJ = 0.2 mm; KY = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5036870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5036870/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="174">Fig. 12AE, HI</figureCitation>
). Infero- and superomarginals separated by a notch of variable size. Proximal/distal profile L-shaped, articulation facets for adjacent marginal plates oval (
<figureCitation id="E1F20EF4716FFFABFD4376A1FCF621F9" box="[692,806,423,449]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1328,1354]" captionTargetBox="[296,1291,265,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-15@16.[189,1398,283,1870]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 7 (next page). AJ. Jurapecten infrajurensis sp. nov., various ossicle types (paratypes). A, H. Ambulacrals, in lateral and actinal aspects, respectively (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 21,SNSB- BGSP2020XLV 28). B, EF. Adambulacrals, in actinal and abactinal views (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 22, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 2526). C, G, J. Superomarginals, in lateral views (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 23, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 27, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 30). D, I. Inferomarginals, in lateral views (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 24, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 29). — KY. Jurapecten hessi Gale, 2011. K, P, U. Adambulacral ossicles. K. Abactinal view (NHMUK PI EE 17996). P. NHMUK EE 13598 (the original of Gale 2011a: pl. 19 fig. 11). U. NHMUK EE 13599, the original of Gale (2011a: pl. 20 fig. 12). L. Circumoral ossicle (NHMUK EE 13605, the original of Gale 2011a: pl. 20 fig. 13). MN. Ambulacral ossicles, in actinal and abactinal views, respectively (NHMUK EE 1359513596, the originals of Gale 2011a: pl. 19 figs 89). O. Ambulacral, in proximal/distal view (NHMUK 13597). QS. Superomarginal ossicles (NHMUK EE 1360113602; the originals of Gale 2011a: pl. 20 figs 67). T, VW. Inferomarginals (NHMUK EE 13600, EE 1360313604, EE 13608, the originals of Gale 2011a: pl. 20 figs 5, 8, 16). XY. Oral ossicles (NHMUK EE 13606 13607, the originals of Gale 2011a: pl. 20 figs 10, 14). Provenance: AJ. Upper Toarcianlower Aalenian (possibly aalensis ammonite Zone), Quedlinburg (Landkreis Harz, northern Germany; see Hess 2014). KY. Upper Oxfordian (Couches dEffingen, bifurcatus ammonite Zone, stenocycloides ammonite Subzone), Savigna, near Orgelet, Département du Jura, France (Gale 2011b). Abbreviations: d = distal; p = proximal. See Fig. 3 for detailed morphological terminology. Scale bars: AJ = 0.2 mm; KY = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5036870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5036870/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="174">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
). External sculpture of coarse reticulate stereom network, with rugosities, and small cylindrical projections which carried spines. Distal inferomarginals (
<figureCitation id="E1F20EF4716FFFABFF3176F7FE802233" box="[198,336,497,523]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1328,1354]" captionTargetBox="[296,1291,265,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-15@16.[189,1398,283,1870]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 7 (next page). AJ. Jurapecten infrajurensis sp. nov., various ossicle types (paratypes). A, H. Ambulacrals, in lateral and actinal aspects, respectively (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 21,SNSB- BGSP2020XLV 28). B, EF. Adambulacrals, in actinal and abactinal views (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 22, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 2526). C, G, J. Superomarginals, in lateral views (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 23, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 27, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 30). D, I. Inferomarginals, in lateral views (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 24, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 29). — KY. Jurapecten hessi Gale, 2011. K, P, U. Adambulacral ossicles. K. Abactinal view (NHMUK PI EE 17996). P. NHMUK EE 13598 (the original of Gale 2011a: pl. 19 fig. 11). U. NHMUK EE 13599, the original of Gale (2011a: pl. 20 fig. 12). L. Circumoral ossicle (NHMUK EE 13605, the original of Gale 2011a: pl. 20 fig. 13). MN. Ambulacral ossicles, in actinal and abactinal views, respectively (NHMUK EE 1359513596, the originals of Gale 2011a: pl. 19 figs 89). O. Ambulacral, in proximal/distal view (NHMUK 13597). QS. Superomarginal ossicles (NHMUK EE 1360113602; the originals of Gale 2011a: pl. 20 figs 67). T, VW. Inferomarginals (NHMUK EE 13600, EE 1360313604, EE 13608, the originals of Gale 2011a: pl. 20 figs 5, 8, 16). XY. Oral ossicles (NHMUK EE 13606 13607, the originals of Gale 2011a: pl. 20 figs 10, 14). Provenance: AJ. Upper Toarcianlower Aalenian (possibly aalensis ammonite Zone), Quedlinburg (Landkreis Harz, northern Germany; see Hess 2014). KY. Upper Oxfordian (Couches dEffingen, bifurcatus ammonite Zone, stenocycloides ammonite Subzone), Savigna, near Orgelet, Département du Jura, France (Gale 2011b). Abbreviations: d = distal; p = proximal. See Fig. 3 for detailed morphological terminology. Scale bars: AJ = 0.2 mm; KY = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5036870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5036870/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="174">Fig. 12FG</figureCitation>
) rectangular, elongated, with similar sculpture to proximal plates. Presumed adambulacral (
<figureCitation id="E1F20EF4716FFFABFF317510FE882208" box="[198,344,534,560]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1328,1354]" captionTargetBox="[296,1291,265,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-15@16.[189,1398,283,1870]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 7 (next page). AJ. Jurapecten infrajurensis sp. nov., various ossicle types (paratypes). A, H. Ambulacrals, in lateral and actinal aspects, respectively (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 21,SNSB- BGSP2020XLV 28). B, EF. Adambulacrals, in actinal and abactinal views (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 22, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 2526). C, G, J. Superomarginals, in lateral views (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 23, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 27, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 30). D, I. Inferomarginals, in lateral views (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 24, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 29). — KY. Jurapecten hessi Gale, 2011. K, P, U. Adambulacral ossicles. K. Abactinal view (NHMUK PI EE 17996). P. NHMUK EE 13598 (the original of Gale 2011a: pl. 19 fig. 11). U. NHMUK EE 13599, the original of Gale (2011a: pl. 20 fig. 12). L. Circumoral ossicle (NHMUK EE 13605, the original of Gale 2011a: pl. 20 fig. 13). MN. Ambulacral ossicles, in actinal and abactinal views, respectively (NHMUK EE 1359513596, the originals of Gale 2011a: pl. 19 figs 89). O. Ambulacral, in proximal/distal view (NHMUK 13597). QS. Superomarginal ossicles (NHMUK EE 1360113602; the originals of Gale 2011a: pl. 20 figs 67). T, VW. Inferomarginals (NHMUK EE 13600, EE 1360313604, EE 13608, the originals of Gale 2011a: pl. 20 figs 5, 8, 16). XY. Oral ossicles (NHMUK EE 13606 13607, the originals of Gale 2011a: pl. 20 figs 10, 14). Provenance: AJ. Upper Toarcianlower Aalenian (possibly aalensis ammonite Zone), Quedlinburg (Landkreis Harz, northern Germany; see Hess 2014). KY. Upper Oxfordian (Couches dEffingen, bifurcatus ammonite Zone, stenocycloides ammonite Subzone), Savigna, near Orgelet, Département du Jura, France (Gale 2011b). Abbreviations: d = distal; p = proximal. See Fig. 3 for detailed morphological terminology. Scale bars: AJ = 0.2 mm; KY = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5036870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5036870/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="174">Fig. 12LM</figureCitation>
) boot-shaped, with deep podial notch and narrow distal portion. Large
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716FFFABFB427513FB1A2217" bold="true" box="[1205,1226,533,559]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="174">fs</emphasis>
bases present, central actinal face slightly inset, coarsely reticulate, rugose.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="31D341FA716FFFABFF4A7578FCA7230E" pageId="25" pageNumber="174" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="79761271716FFFABFF4A7578FEFF22A0" blockId="25.[189,303,638,664]" box="[189,303,638,664]" pageId="25" pageNumber="174">
<heading id="223EA51D716FFFABFF4A7578FEFF22A0" bold="true" box="[189,303,638,664]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="174" reason="3">
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716FFFABFF4A7578FEFF22A0" bold="true" box="[189,303,638,664]" pageId="25" pageNumber="174">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="79761271716FFFABFF4A75A8FCA7230E" blockId="25.[189,1399,686,822]" pageId="25" pageNumber="174">
The marginal ossicles are most unusual in that supero- and inferomarginal pairs are fused, perhaps uniquely amongst asteroids. The overall shape and sculpture of the ossicles suggest affinity with the
<typeStatus id="A672ACD3716FFFABFF4A75FEFF20232A" box="[189,240,760,786]" pageId="25" pageNumber="174">type</typeStatus>
species,
<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2716FFFABFEAA75F1FD95232A" authority="Gale &amp; Jagt, 2021" authorityName="Gale &amp; Jagt" authorityYear="2021" box="[349,581,759,786]" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" genus="Punkaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notomyotida" pageId="25" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinifera" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716FFFABFEAA75F1FD95232A" box="[349,581,759,786]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="174">Punkaster spinifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="508E7318716FFFABFDBA75FEFCD0232A" box="[589,768,760,786]" pageId="25" pageNumber="174" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(see above), but the present form differs in the fused proximal marginals and in the absence of large spine bases.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>