519 lines
42 KiB
XML
519 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1113-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1113-1" checkinTime="1658252710949" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena & Glover, Adrian G." docDate="2022" docId="E00FBA210CEF58FEAF039DC6E4BA83C9" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1113: 1-110" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1113" docPubDate="2022-07-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172" docTitle="Molpadiodemas stet. CCZ _ 194" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A" masterDocTitle="Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="110" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1658253014331" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8163-8724</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">l.bribiesca-contreras@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dahlgren, Thomas G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6854-2031</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden & Norwegian Research Centre, NORCE, Bergen, Norway</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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||
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Amon, Diva J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>SpeSeas, D'Abadie, Trinidad and Tobago</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cairns, Stephen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7209-9271</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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||
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Drennan, Regan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0137-5464</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Durden, Jennifer M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6529-9109</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>UMR ISYEB, Department Origines et Evolution, Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Eleaume, Marc P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Collections & Research, Western Australia Museum, Perth, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hosie, Andrew M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5683-662X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kremenetskaia, Antonina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8851-3318</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>McQuaid, Kirsty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0395-8332</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Museums Victoria, Melbourne, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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||
</mods:name>
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||
<mods:name type="personal">
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||
<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>O'Hara, Timothy D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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||
<mods:namePart>Rabone, Muriel</mods:namePart>
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||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8351-2313</mods:nameIdentifier>
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||
<mods:affiliation>National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK</mods:affiliation>
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||
</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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||
<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Simon-Lledo, Erik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UMR ISYEB, Department Origines et Evolution, Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, Craig R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3976-0889</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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||
<mods:name type="personal">
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||
<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Watling, Les</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6901-1168</mods:nameIdentifier>
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||
<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA</mods:affiliation>
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||
</mods:name>
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||
<mods:name type="personal">
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||
<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wiklund, Helena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8252-3504</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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||
</mods:name>
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||
<mods:name type="personal">
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||
<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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||
<mods:namePart>Glover, Adrian G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9489-074X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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||
</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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||
<mods:number>2022-07-18</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="volume">
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||
<mods:number>1113</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:extent unit="page">
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||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>110</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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||
<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172</mods:url>
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||
</mods:location>
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||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1113-1</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E00FBA210CEF58FEAF039DC6E4BA83C9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E00FBA210CEF58FEAF039DC6E4BA83C9" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||
<taxonomicName LSID="E00FBA21-0CEF-58FE-AF03-9DC6E4BA83C9" authority="stet. CCZ _ 194" authorityName="stet. CCZ _ 194" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiodemidae" genus="Molpadiodemas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Molpadiodemas" order="Persiculida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Molpadiodemas stet. CCZ_194</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Molpadiodemas stet. CCZ _ 194 A in situ image B tentacle ossicles C epibionts on ventral surface D detail of epibionts E dorsal surface F ventral view of specimen before preservation. Scale bars: 2 cm (A); 25 μm (B); 1 cm (E, F). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Bribiesca-Contreras (B-D); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716362" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material.</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="ON400725" collectingDate="2018-06-10" collectorName="Smith, Durden, GenBank, Voucher" elevation="5205" latitude="11.2517" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-153.6055" specimenCount="1">
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Clarion-Clipperton Zone •
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<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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||
; APEI 1;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="11.2517" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="11.2517">11.2517°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="153.6055" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-153.6055">153.6055°W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.205" unit="m" value="5205.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.205" unit="m" value="5205.0">5205 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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deep;
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<collectingDate value="2018-06-10">10 Jun. 2018</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>Smith</collectorName>
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&
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<collectorName>Durden</collectorName>
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leg.;
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<collectorName>GenBank</collectorName>
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:
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<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/ON400725">ON400725</accessionNumber>
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(COI); NHMUK 2022.71;
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<collectorName>Voucher</collectorName>
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code: CCZ_194
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Single specimen (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Molpadiodemas stet. CCZ _ 194 A in situ image B tentacle ossicles C epibionts on ventral surface D detail of epibionts E dorsal surface F ventral view of specimen before preservation. Scale bars: 2 cm (A); 25 μm (B); 1 cm (E, F). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Bribiesca-Contreras (B-D); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716362" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">36A</figureCitation>
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). Colouration of live specimen is whitish yellow, with skin somewhat translucent (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Molpadiodemas stet. CCZ _ 194 A in situ image B tentacle ossicles C epibionts on ventral surface D detail of epibionts E dorsal surface F ventral view of specimen before preservation. Scale bars: 2 cm (A); 25 μm (B); 1 cm (E, F). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Bribiesca-Contreras (B-D); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716362" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">36A, E</figureCitation>
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||
). Body subcylindrical in live specimen, but dorso-ventrally flattened when preserved, tapering anteriorly, ~ 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide (L = 25 cm, W = 8.2 cm); semi-translucent body wall, longitudinal muscles visible through it; colouration of preserved specimen is yellowish (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Molpadiodemas stet. CCZ _ 194 A in situ image B tentacle ossicles C epibionts on ventral surface D detail of epibionts E dorsal surface F ventral view of specimen before preservation. Scale bars: 2 cm (A); 25 μm (B); 1 cm (E, F). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Bribiesca-Contreras (B-D); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716362" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">36E</figureCitation>
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), darker on the ventral side (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Molpadiodemas stet. CCZ _ 194 A in situ image B tentacle ossicles C epibionts on ventral surface D detail of epibionts E dorsal surface F ventral view of specimen before preservation. Scale bars: 2 cm (A); 25 μm (B); 1 cm (E, F). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Bribiesca-Contreras (B-D); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716362" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">36F</figureCitation>
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||
). Ventral surface with small, black, unidentified epibionts embedded in the skin (Fig.
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||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Molpadiodemas stet. CCZ _ 194 A in situ image B tentacle ossicles C epibionts on ventral surface D detail of epibionts E dorsal surface F ventral view of specimen before preservation. Scale bars: 2 cm (A); 25 μm (B); 1 cm (E, F). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Bribiesca-Contreras (B-D); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716362" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">36C, D</figureCitation>
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). Specimen barely covered by sediment. Ossicles in tentacles; unbranched rods with thick central swelling; and branched rods, often with branches intertwining at the ends creating an irregular perforated mesh (Fig.
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||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Molpadiodemas stet. CCZ _ 194 A in situ image B tentacle ossicles C epibionts on ventral surface D detail of epibionts E dorsal surface F ventral view of specimen before preservation. Scale bars: 2 cm (A); 25 μm (B); 1 cm (E, F). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Bribiesca-Contreras (B-D); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716362" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">36B</figureCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716362" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 36" startId="F36">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 36.</emphasis>
|
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<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiodemidae" genus="Molpadiodemas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Molpadiodemas" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Molpadiodemas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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stet. CCZ_194
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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in situ image
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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tentacle ossicles
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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epibionts on ventral surface
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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detail of epibionts
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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dorsal surface
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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ventral view of specimen before preservation. Scale bars: 2 cm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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||
); 25
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
); 1 cm (
|
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F</emphasis>
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||
). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
); Bribiesca-Contreras (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B-D</emphasis>
|
||
); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The COI sequence of
|
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<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiodemidae" genus="Molpadiodemas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Molpadiodemas" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Molpadiodemas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stet. CCZ_194 is similar to sequences of other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiodemidae" genus="Molpadiodemas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Molpadiodemas" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Molpadiodemas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. villosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="villosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. villosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. morbillus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="morbillus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. morbillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. crinitus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="crinitus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. crinitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. involutus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="involutus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. involutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiodemidae" genus="Molpadiodemas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Molpadiodemas" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Molpadiodemas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stet. CCZ_102. COI genetic divergence between both specimens collected in the CCZ is 6%, in accordance with values of genetic interspecific divergence for the genus. The specimen is recovered in a well-supported clade along with other members of the genus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Phylogenetic tree of the class Holothuroidea. Concatenated (12 S, 16 S, 18 S, 28 S, COI, and H 3) median consensus BEAST tree with posterior probability (PP) and bootstrap (BS) values indicated. Only values of PP> 0.70 and BS> 50 are shown, with values of PP> 0.95 and BS> 90 indicated with a circle. Nodes not recovered on the RAxML tree are indicated with a hyphen. Sequences generated in this study are highlighted in violet." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716360" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34</figureCitation>
|
||
), but species are not well delimited. As mentioned above, three species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiodemidae" genus="Molpadiodemas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Molpadiodemas" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Molpadiodemas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been previously reported in the CCZ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2005.62.5" author="O'Loughlin, PM" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="147 - 179" refId="B73" refString="O'Loughlin, PM, Ahearn, C, 2005. A review of pygal-furrowed Synallactidae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), with new species from the Antarctic, Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 62 (2): 147 - 179, DOI: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2005.62.5" title="A review of pygal-furrowed Synallactidae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), with new species from the Antarctic, Atlantic and Pacific oceans." url="https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2005.62.5" volume="62" year="2005">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Loughlin">O'Loughlin</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Ahearn 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The tentacle ossicles from specimen CCZ_194 are very similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. helios" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="helios">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. helios</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this latter species is distinguished by the prominent tube feet that are barely visible in our specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">This specimen was found on the sedimented seafloor of an abyssal plain on APEI 1 at 5205 m depth.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comparison with image-based catalogue.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
A very similar
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiodemidae" genus="Molpadiodemas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Molpadiodemas" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Molpadiodemas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. morphotype (i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiodemidae" genus="Molpadiodemas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Molpadiodemas" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Molpadiodemas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. indet., HOL_004) has been commonly encountered in seabed image surveys conducted across nodule fields areas of the eastern CCZ (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.5.e11794" author="Amon, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B6" refString="Amon, DJ, Ziegler, AF, Kremenetskaia, A, Mah, CL, Mooi, R, O'Hara, T, Pawson, DL, Roux, M, Smith, CR, 2017b. Megafauna of the UKSRL exploration contract area and eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone in the Pacific Ocean: Echinodermata. Biodiversity Data Journal 11794: e11794. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.5.e11794" title="Megafauna of the UKSRL exploration contract area and eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone in the Pacific Ocean: Echinodermata. Biodiversity Data Journal 11794: e 11794." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.5.e11794" year="2017 b">Amon et al. 2017b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but not in abyssal areas surveyed within the Kiribati EEZ.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Order
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiodemidae" genus="Molpadiodemas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Synallactida</taxonomicName>
|
||
Miller, Kerr, Paulay, Reich, Wilson, Carvajal & Rouse, 2017
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Synallactidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ludwig, 1894
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Synallactidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
stet. CCZ_061
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="F37" captionText="Figure 37. Synallactidae stet. CCZ _ 061 A in situ image B tentacle ossicles. Scale bars: 2 cm (A); 50 μm (B). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Bribiesca-Contreras (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716363" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">37</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material.</emphasis>
|
||
Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 7;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.8877" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="4.8877">4.8877°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="141.7569" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-141.7569">141.7569°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 3132 m deep; 27 May. 2018; Smith & Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400688 (COI), ON406640 (18S); NHMUK 2022.75; Voucher code: CCZ_061.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Single specimen; description of external morphological features only from in situ image as the specimen was damaged during collection (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="F37" captionText="Figure 37. Synallactidae stet. CCZ _ 061 A in situ image B tentacle ossicles. Scale bars: 2 cm (A); 50 μm (B). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Bribiesca-Contreras (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716363" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">37A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body semi-circular, with ventral surface flattened, tapering distally; very wide, widest part of body ~ 7 cm; anus posterodorsal; mouth anteroventral. Tegument seems thick. Ossicles present in tentacles, slightly curved rods, <250
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="F37" captionText="Figure 37. Synallactidae stet. CCZ _ 061 A in situ image B tentacle ossicles. Scale bars: 2 cm (A); 50 μm (B). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Bribiesca-Contreras (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716363" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">37B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716363" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 37" startId="F37">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 37.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Synallactidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
stet. CCZ_061
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
in situ image
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
tentacle ossicles. Scale bars: 2 cm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
); 50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
); Bribiesca-Contreras (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
There are no close matches to the COI sequence of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Synallactidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
stet. CCZ_061 in public databases. The closest match is to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Synallactidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
stet. CCZ_066 (14% K2P). Both specimens are recovered in a well-supported clade representing the family
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Synallactidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Phylogenetic tree of the class Holothuroidea. Concatenated (12 S, 16 S, 18 S, 28 S, COI, and H 3) median consensus BEAST tree with posterior probability (PP) and bootstrap (BS) values indicated. Only values of PP> 0.70 and BS> 50 are shown, with values of PP> 0.95 and BS> 90 indicated with a circle. Nodes not recovered on the RAxML tree are indicated with a hyphen. Sequences generated in this study are highlighted in violet." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716360" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34</figureCitation>
|
||
). They are recovered very close to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1886" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Paelopatides" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paelopatides" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paelopatides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Théel">Theel</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1886, but COI divergence suggest they belong to different genera.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comparison with image-based catalogue.</emphasis>
|
||
No similar
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Synallactidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphotypes have been so far catalogued from seabed imagery collected in the eastern CCZ or in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. Consequently, the in situ image of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Synallactidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
stet. CCZ_061 was catalogued as a new morphotype (i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Synallactidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. indet., HOL_120).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
This specimen was collected on the sedimented seafloor of a seamount in APEI 7 at 3132 m depth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Synallactidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
stet. CCZ_066
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Synallactidae stet. CCZ _ 066 A in situ image B ossicles on dorsal skin C tentacle ossicles D dorsal surface E ventral surface of specimen before preservation. Scale bars: 2 cm (A, D, E); 50 μm (B, C). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Bribiesca-Contreras (B, C); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716364" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">38</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material.</emphasis>
|
||
Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 7;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.8896" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="4.8896">4.8896°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="141.75" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-141.75">141.75°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 3095 m deep; 27 May. 2018; Smith & Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400692 (COI), ON406642 (18S); NHMUK 2022.63; Voucher code: CCZ_066.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Single specimen, body semi-circular with ventral surface flattened; ~ 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than wide (L = 21 cm, W = 6 cm; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Synallactidae stet. CCZ _ 066 A in situ image B ossicles on dorsal skin C tentacle ossicles D dorsal surface E ventral surface of specimen before preservation. Scale bars: 2 cm (A, D, E); 50 μm (B, C). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Bribiesca-Contreras (B, C); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716364" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">38A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mouth anteroventral, anus posterodorsal. Colouration in live specimen is bright red (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Synallactidae stet. CCZ _ 066 A in situ image B ossicles on dorsal skin C tentacle ossicles D dorsal surface E ventral surface of specimen before preservation. Scale bars: 2 cm (A, D, E); 50 μm (B, C). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Bribiesca-Contreras (B, C); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716364" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">38D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Specimen severely damaged during collection, guts separated from skin. Tegument is thick and leathery, with wart-like protrusions on the dorsal surface, more evident on live specimen (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Synallactidae stet. CCZ _ 066 A in situ image B ossicles on dorsal skin C tentacle ossicles D dorsal surface E ventral surface of specimen before preservation. Scale bars: 2 cm (A, D, E); 50 μm (B, C). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Bribiesca-Contreras (B, C); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716364" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">38A</figureCitation>
|
||
), and with a small, very short, triangular dorsal appendage. Brim evident on ventral surface. Small tube feet arranged in two irregular rows, one on each side of ventrum, running longitudinally. Tentacles 18. Ossicles present in dorsal skin (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Synallactidae stet. CCZ _ 066 A in situ image B ossicles on dorsal skin C tentacle ossicles D dorsal surface E ventral surface of specimen before preservation. Scale bars: 2 cm (A, D, E); 50 μm (B, C). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Bribiesca-Contreras (B, C); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716364" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">38B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and tentacles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Synallactidae stet. CCZ _ 066 A in situ image B ossicles on dorsal skin C tentacle ossicles D dorsal surface E ventral surface of specimen before preservation. Scale bars: 2 cm (A, D, E); 50 μm (B, C). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Bribiesca-Contreras (B, C); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716364" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">38C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716364" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 38" startId="F38">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 38.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Synallactidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
stet. CCZ_066
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
in situ image
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
ossicles on dorsal skin
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
tentacle ossicles
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal surface
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
ventral surface of specimen before preservation. Scale bars: 2 cm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, D, E</emphasis>
|
||
); 50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, C</emphasis>
|
||
). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
); Bribiesca-Contreras (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, C</emphasis>
|
||
); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D, E</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
There are no close matches to the COI sequence of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Synallactidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
stet. CCZ_066 in public databases. The closest match is to specimen
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Synallactidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
stet. CCZ_061 (14% K2P). Both specimens are recovered in a well-supported clade representing the family
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Synallactidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Phylogenetic tree of the class Holothuroidea. Concatenated (12 S, 16 S, 18 S, 28 S, COI, and H 3) median consensus BEAST tree with posterior probability (PP) and bootstrap (BS) values indicated. Only values of PP> 0.70 and BS> 50 are shown, with values of PP> 0.95 and BS> 90 indicated with a circle. Nodes not recovered on the RAxML tree are indicated with a hyphen. Sequences generated in this study are highlighted in violet." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716360" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34</figureCitation>
|
||
). They are recovered very close to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1886" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Paelopatides" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paelopatides" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paelopatides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Théel">Theel</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1886, but COI divergence suggest they belong to different genera.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
This specimen was collected on the sedimented seafloor of a seamount on APEI 7 at 3095 m depth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comparison with image-based catalogue.</emphasis>
|
||
No similar
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Synallactidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphotypes have been so far catalogued from seabed imagery collected in the eastern CCZ nor in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. Consequently, the in situ image of CCZ_066 was catalogued as a new morphotype (i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Synallactidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. indet., HOL_121). The dorsal protrusions that differentiate HOL_121 from HOL_120 may not be clearly visible in vertically-facing seabed imagery, and hence these two taxa might only be classifiable into a single, generic morphotype (i.e., HOL_120) in quantitative analyses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |