178 lines
20 KiB
XML
178 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.349.5914" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4036f4e7-9738-41d4-889f-e6aa76c9d1a4" ID-PMC="PMC3837405" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-349-11" ID-PubMed="24294078" ID-ZBK="29B17DCB5CF1483B85430368D36B86F3" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-349-11" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 349" ModsDocTitle="New species and host records of New World, mostly Neotropical, opiine Braconidae (Hymenoptera) reared from flower-infesting, stem-galling, and stem-mining Tephritidae (Diptera)" checkinTime="1451246692609" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wharton, Robert & Norrbom, Allen L." docDate="2013" docId="DFF426CC9A4A04C8D310D2C26B3D2600" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 349: 11-72" docOrigin="ZooKeys 349" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.349.5914" docTitle="Opius taramegillae Wharton, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="1DED8B0E-8698-4BBD-AE49-A47869A9FAAC" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="FFB3FFD3CA3C142FFFB1FFC3A91E5A54" masterDocTitle="New species and host records of New World, mostly Neotropical, opiine Braconidae (Hymenoptera) reared from flower-infesting, stem-galling, and stem-mining Tephritidae (Diptera)" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="11" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1668156823863" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New species and host records of New World, mostly Neotropical, opiine Braconidae (Hymenoptera) reared from flower-infesting, stem-galling, and stem-mining Tephritidae (Diptera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wharton, Robert</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Norrbom, Allen L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>349</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>11</mods:start>
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<mods:end>72</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.349.5914</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.349.5914</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-349-11</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">29B17DCB5CF1483B85430368D36B86F3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">29B17DCB5CF1483B85430368D36B86F3</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152049474" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1DED8B0E-8698-4BBD-AE49-A47869A9FAAC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DFF426CC9A4A04C8D310D2C26B3D2600" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="48" pageNumber="59">
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/1DED8B0E-8698-4BBD-AE49-A47869A9FAAC" authority="Wharton" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius taramegillae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taramegillae">Opius taramegillae Wharton</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="48" pageNumber="59">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 30, 32, 83-86
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="59" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="59">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="59">Mexico, Morelos, Parque Lago de Zempoala.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="59" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="59">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="59">Holotype. Female (UNAM), first label, first line: MEXICO: Morelos, Parque second line: Lag. de Zempoala, clear- third line: ing at entrance, 9-11. fourth line: VIII.1989, A.L.Norrbom Second label, first line: reared ex. stems second line: Barkleyanthus salici- third line: folius (H.B.K.) H. third line: Robins. & Brett. (89M1) fourth line: prob. ex. Paroxyna sp. Third label, first line: ALN second line: 34A.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="48" pageNumber="59" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="59">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="60">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="49" pageNumber="60" start="start">Female</pageBreakToken>
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. Eyes in dorsal view not bulging beyond temples; eye about 1.1-1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than temple in dorsal view; 1.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than temple in lateral view. Vertex and frons densely setose. Face and frons smooth, polished. Clypeus somewhat crescentic, ventral margin strongly protruding in lateral view, without horn or spine-like protrusions, sharp, truncate in anterior view; labrum broadly exposed. Malar space slightly shorter than basal width of mandible, malar sulcus complete, deeply incised throughout. Mandible with dorsal margin not deflected, with distinct basal lobe ventrally, apical teeth not twisted. Occipital carina completely absent. Antenna with 26 flagellomeres; first flagellomere about 2.1-2.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide, 0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of second. Maxillary palp nearly as long as height of head. Pronotum dorsally narrow, with large pronope; laterally without vertical carina adjacent median vertical groove, groove narrow, discrete over dorsal 0.2, otherwise, broad, shallow, weakly indicated. Mesoscutum with deep, nearly vertical anterior declivity; notaulus and supramarginal carina completely absent; mesoscutum completely, uniformly densely covered with short, white, mostly decumbent setae; midpit narrowly elliptical, long, extending anteriorly more than half length of disc from posterior margin. Precoxal sulcus absent. Metapleuron unsculptured medially; median pit adjacent anterior margin and dorsal pit at posterior margin both relatively small, largely obscured by setae. Propodeal spiracle closer to anterior than posterior margin; propodeum densely setose and weakly punctate throughout, with some weakly rugulose sculpture adjacent posterior margin, otherwise unsculptured. Hind tibia without basal carina. Fore wing stigma wedge-shaped, discrete distally, r arising from basal 0.35; 3RSa 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than 2RS, 2nd submarginal cell strongly narrowing distally, 2r-m equal in length to 2Ma; 3RSb extending nearly to apex of wing; m-cu distinctly postfurcal; 2CUb arising distinctly below middle of distal margin of 1st subdiscal cell, 1st subdiscal cell closed apically; 1cu-a interstitial; distance between anal vein and ventral wing margin equal to about 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width of anal vein. Hind wing RS largely absent; m-cu present, extending nearly to wing margin as a posteriorly weakening crease. S1 short, barely visible in lateral view; T1 with laterope but without dorsope; dorsal carinae distinct basally on either side of deep basal depression, difficult to distinguish from surrounding strigose sculpture over posterior 0.6; T1 1.15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than apical width; apex 2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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wider than base. T2 and following terga unsculptured. Base of ovipositor well-concealed, ovipositor (total length) very approximately 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than mesosoma; ovipositor sheath 0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of mesosoma. Color: Brown, T2+3 and tegula yellow-brown; clypeus, lower face and malar space adjacent clypeus, and mandible (except apical teeth) yellow; palps white, legs pale yellow, almost white; wings hyaline. Body length 2.5 mm; wing length 2.7 mm; mesosoma length 1.05 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="60" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="60">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="60">
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This species can be recognized by the combination of the complete absence of a notaulus, complete absence of an occipital carina, presence of a densely setose mesoscutum with long, narrow midpit, and presence of a basal lobe or tooth ventrally on the mandible.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius taramegillae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taramegillae">Opius taramegillae</taxonomicName>
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is most similar to the equally densely setose
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius cosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cosa">Opius cosa</taxonomicName>
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(Fischer), comb. n., but the coxae are distinctly darker in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius cosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cosa">Opius cosa</taxonomicName>
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and the venation is somewhat different, most notably with the 1st subdiscal cell open apically in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius cosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cosa">Opius cosa</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="60" type="biology">
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="60">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="60">
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The holotype was reared from stems of the asteracean
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Barkleyanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Barkleyanthus salicifolius" order="Asterales" pageId="49" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicifolius">Barkleyanthus salicifolius</taxonomicName>
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, the same host plant and plant part that yielded one of the reared series of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius nympha" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nympha">Opius nympha</taxonomicName>
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. The probable fly host is a species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Campiglossa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Campiglossa" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Campiglossa</taxonomicName>
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since two flies belonging to this genus were reared from the same sample of stems that produced the wasp. As noted above,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Campiglossa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Campiglossa" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Campiglossa</taxonomicName>
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is currently treated as a senior synonym of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Paroxyna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroxyna" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paroxyna</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="60" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="60">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="60">This species is named for Tara Megill, daughter of the senior author.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="60" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="60">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="60">
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This species keys to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Bracanastrepha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bracanastrepha (Bracanastrepha)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Bracanastrepha">Bracanastrepha (Bracanastrepha)</taxonomicName>
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in
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<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Das Tierreich" pageId="53" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 1001" title="Hymenoptera Braconidae (Opiinae II-Amerika)." volume="96" year="1977">Fischer (1977)</bibRefCitation>
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due to the complete loss of the occipital carina in combination with the distinct midpit on the mesoscutum.
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<bibRefCitation author="Wharton, RA" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="55" pageNumber="66" pagination="333 - 360" title="Classification of the braconid subfamily Opiinae (Hymenoptera)." url="10.4039/Ent120333-4" volume="120" year="1988">Wharton (1988</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Wharton, RA" journalOrPublisher="Contributions of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="55" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 53" title="Generic relationships of opiine Braconidae (Hymenoptera) parasitic on fruit-infesting Tephritidae (Diptera)." volume="30" year="1997 a">1997a</bibRefCitation>
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) placed
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Bracanastrepha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bracanastrepha" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bracanastrepha</taxonomicName>
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s.s. as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Utetes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Utetes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Utetes</taxonomicName>
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, but also noted that several species placed in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Bracanastrepha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bracanastrepha" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bracanastrepha</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Das Tierreich" pageId="53" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 1001" title="Hymenoptera Braconidae (Opiinae II-Amerika)." volume="96" year="1977">Fischer (1977)</bibRefCitation>
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did not share the tibial carination characteristic of the type species of both
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Utetes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Utetes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Utetes</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Bracanastrepha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bracanastrepha" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bracanastrepha</taxonomicName>
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. These remaining species are currently included in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Opius</taxonomicName>
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s.l., as explained most recently by
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<bibRefCitation author="Wharton, R" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="55" pageNumber="66" pagination="27 - 82" title="New neotropical species of Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) reared from fruit-infesting and leaf-mining Tephritidae (Diptera) with comments on the Diachasmimorpha mexicana species group and the genera Lorenzopius and Tubiformopius." url="10.3897/zookeys.243.3990" volume="243" year="2012">Wharton et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
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. Hence, both taramegillae and cosa are placed in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Opius</taxonomicName>
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until this portion of the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="49" pageNumber="60" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Opiinae">Opiinae</taxonomicName>
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can be more thoroughly revised. The classification presented in the key by
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<bibRefCitation author="Li, X-Y" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="54" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 186" title="Revision of the subfamily Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from Hunan (China), including thirty-six new species and two new genera." url="10.3897/zookeys.268.4071" volume="268" year="2013">Li et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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does not cover these New World groups.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius taramegillae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taramegillae">Opius taramegillae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius cosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cosa">Opius cosa</taxonomicName>
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represent another distinctive species group within
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Opius</taxonomicName>
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s.l., most easily differentiated from all the others treated here by the complete absence of the occipital carina and the long, deep midpit of the mesoscutum. As in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius nympha" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nympha">Opius nympha</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius yoderi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yoderi">Opius yoderi</taxonomicName>
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, the distal abscissa of fore wing CU arises posteriorad the middle of the 1st subdiscal cell, a common feature of opiines in general, but unusual among those opiines attacking stem and flower-infesting tephritids in the New World.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="60">
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Although
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius taramegillae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taramegillae">Opius taramegillae</taxonomicName>
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is known only from the holotype, the description seems warranted to highlight yet another distinctive group of tephritid parasitoids within the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="49" pageNumber="60" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Opiinae">Opiinae</taxonomicName>
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. It will be useful to obtain additional reared material to verify
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Campiglossa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Campiglossa" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Campiglossa</taxonomicName>
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as the normal host for this species and to develop a better understanding of host plant relationships.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |