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<document id="703B35E327D12CB74FD360D1489F1D09" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.15" ID-GBIF-Dataset="55aa73dd-1cf2-4d0e-a6ba-cc920d306a5d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="234234" ID-ZooBank="54E60C63-EC98-424A-B66E-A72CA79B65E8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461262674199" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Götting, Miriam" docDate="2015" docId="971C05018938FFA1DFCD9421FC9D65C4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04019p413.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4019 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Scolelepis (Scolelepis) kudenovi Hartmann-Schroder 1981" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="392" masterDocId="6B257D798934FFAFDF5A9666FFA36020" masterDocTitle="Spionidae (Annelida: ‘ Polychaeta’: Canalipalpata) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia: the genera Malacoceros, Scolelepis, Spio, Microspio, and Spiophanes" masterLastPageNumber="413" masterPageNumber="378" pageNumber="390" updateTime="1698609830037" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="2B4C2ECF17E06BA2CEED8137ED97B222">Spionidae (Annelida: ‘ Polychaeta’: Canalipalpata) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia: the genera Malacoceros, Scolelepis, Spio, Microspio, and Spiophanes</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DCAA63BE6362434EF50B6E3DF5AB5EC0">Götting, Miriam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="8D2FB62A0008EB441C7ABA47FA5ED598">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D0EF646DA56330412AB5FF775053DE08">4019</mods:number>
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<treatment id="971C05018938FFA1DFCD9421FC9D65C4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5665402" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119637351" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5665402" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:971C05018938FFA1DFCD9421FC9D65C4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/971C05018938FFA1DFCD9421FC9D65C4" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="392" pageId="12" pageNumber="390">
<subSubSection id="57AFE79C8938FFA3DFCD9421FF4862A3" pageId="12" pageNumber="390" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1F0AB4178938FFA3DFCD9421FCCB6242" blockId="12.[151,872,583,643]" box="[151,872,583,610]" pageId="12" pageNumber="390">
<heading id="4442037B8938FFA3DFCD9421FCCB6242" bold="true" box="[151,872,583,610]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="390" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF948938FFA3DFCD9421FCCB6242" ID-CoL="4VRMY" authority="Hartmann-Schroder, 1981" authorityName="Hartmann-Schroder" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,872,583,610]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="12" pageNumber="390" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kudenovi" subGenus="Scolelepis">
<emphasis id="2DC168058938FFA3DFCD9421FCCB6242" bold="true" box="[151,872,583,610]" pageId="12" pageNumber="390">
<emphasis id="2DC168058938FFA3DFCD9421FEB36241" bold="true" box="[151,272,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="390">Scolelepis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="2DC168058938FFA3DE7A9421FE3B6241" bold="true" box="[288,408,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="390">Scolelepis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="2DC168058938FFA3DEF09421FDBB6241" bold="true" box="[426,536,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="390">kudenovi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E68938FFA3DD7A942EFCCB6242" author="Hartmann-Schroder" box="[544,872,584,610]" pageId="12" pageNumber="390" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1981) Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der australischen Kusten unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Teil 6: Die Polychaeten der tropisch-subtropischen Westkuste Australiens (zwischen Exmouth im Norden und Cervantes im Suden). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburger Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 78, 19 - 96." type="journal article" year="1981">Hartmann-Schröder, 1981</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0AB4178938FFA3DFCD940CFF4862A3" blockId="12.[151,872,583,643]" box="[151,235,618,643]" pageId="12" pageNumber="390">
(
<figureCitation id="878EA8928938FFA3DFC5940CFF4062A3" box="[159,227,618,643]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1244,1266]" captionTargetBox="[308,1279,648,1214]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[297,1289,643,1223]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scolelepis (Scolelepis) kudenovi Hartmann-Schröder, 1981, holotype, ZMH P 16497. A. Anterior end, dorsal view, first left parapodium removed, palps lost; B. Neuropodial bidentate hooded hooks from posterior chaetiger, note upright large apical tooth. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm, B = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234236/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="390">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57AFE79C8938FFA3DFCD94D4FE9B62C7" pageId="12" pageNumber="390" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="1F0AB4178938FFA3DFCD94D4FE9B62C7" blockId="12.[151,1436,690,743]" pageId="12" pageNumber="390">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="3FA593398938FFA3DFCD94D4FE9B62C7" pageId="12" pageNumber="390">
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF948938FFA3DFCD94D4FCB662E8" ID-CoL="4VRMY" authority="Hartmann-Schroder, 1981: 52" authorityName="Hartmann-Schroder" authorityPageNumber="52" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,789,690,712]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="12" pageNumber="390" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kudenovi" subGenus="Scolelepis">
<emphasis id="2DC168058938FFA3DFCD94D4FF5D62E8" box="[151,254,690,712]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="390">Scolelepis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="2DC168058938FFA3DE5694D4FED062E8" box="[268,371,690,712]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="390">Scolelepis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="2DC168058938FFA3DED894D4FE7E62E8" box="[386,477,690,712]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="390">kudenovi</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="9E1492068938FFA3DEBE94D4FCB662E8" author="Hartmann-Schroder" box="[484,789,690,712]" page="52" pageId="12" pageNumber="390" year="1981">
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E68938FFA3DEBE94D4FD4C62E8" author="Hartmann-Schroder" box="[484,751,690,712]" pageId="12" pageNumber="390" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1981) Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der australischen Kusten unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Teil 6: Die Polychaeten der tropisch-subtropischen Westkuste Australiens (zwischen Exmouth im Norden und Cervantes im Suden). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburger Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 78, 19 - 96." type="journal article" year="1981">Hartmann-Schröder, 1981</bibRefCitation>
: 52
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 124–129.—
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E68938FFA3DCE594D4FBC362E8" author="Maciolek" box="[959,1120,690,712]" pageId="12" pageNumber="390" refString="Maciolek, N. J. (1987) New species and records of Scolelepis (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from the East coast of North America, with a review of the subgenera. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington, 7, 16 - 40." type="journal article" year="1987">Maciolek 1987</bibRefCitation>
: table 1;
<treatmentCitation id="9E1492068938FFA3DBE194D4FACC62E8" author="Imajima" box="[1211,1391,690,712]" page="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="390" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E68938FFA3DBE194D4FAEF62E8" author="Imajima" box="[1211,1356,690,712]" pageId="12" pageNumber="390" refString="Imajima, M. (1992) Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan. VIII. The genus Scolelepis. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A, 18, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1992">Imajima 1992</bibRefCitation>
: 17
</treatmentCitation>
–18, figs 11, 12.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57AFE79C8938FFA3DFCD9572FEF663B7" pageId="12" pageNumber="390" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1F0AB4178938FFA3DFCD9572FBBD6370" blockId="12.[151,1437,788,2037]" pageId="12" pageNumber="390">
<emphasis id="2DC168058938FFA3DFCD9572FEEA630D" bold="true" box="[151,329,788,813]" pageId="12" pageNumber="390">
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB58938FFA3DFCD9572FF71630D" box="[151,210,788,813]" pageId="12" pageNumber="390">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB58938FFA3DE0F9572FE61630D" box="[341,450,788,813]" pageId="12" pageNumber="390" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="79A42CD28938FFA3DE8A9573FDAD630C" box="[464,526,789,812]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="12" pageNumber="390">ZMH</collectionCode>
P16497, S. Pacific Ocean, Western
<collectingCountry id="67A2F4878938FFA3DCE59572FB8A630D" box="[959,1065,788,813]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="390">Australia</collectingCountry>
, Canarvon, Pelican point, inner beach, fine sand with detritus and
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF948938FFA3DD4C9551FD2B6370" box="[534,648,823,848]" class="Liliopsida" family="Posidoniaceae" genus="Posidonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="12" pageNumber="390" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2DC168058938FFA3DD4C9551FD2B6370" box="[534,648,823,848]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="390">Posidonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seedlings, 19.5 °C,
<date id="6B0B92D78938FFA3DC33955EFC556370" box="[873,1014,823,848]" pageId="12" pageNumber="390" value="1975-10-13">13 Oct 1975</date>
, af.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0AB4178938FFA3DF9D953AFEF663B7" blockId="12.[151,1437,788,2037]" pageId="12" pageNumber="390">
<emphasis id="2DC168058938FFA3DF9D953AFE5D6355" bold="true" box="[199,510,860,885]" pageId="12" pageNumber="390">Other material examined.</emphasis>
AM W.44836, MI QLD 2429, af, formalin; AM W.44836.001, mf, 96 % ethanol, no longer extant.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57AFE79C8938FFA3DF9D95C2FEB06498" pageId="12" pageNumber="390" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="1F0AB4178938FFA3DF9D95C2FEB06498" blockId="12.[151,1437,788,2037]" pageId="12" pageNumber="390">
<emphasis id="2DC168058938FFA3DF9D95C2FEE2639D" bold="true" box="[199,321,932,957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="390">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Prostomium anteriorly trifid, median lobe sharply pointed, anterolateral lobes tapered; prostomium with transverse furrow in front of caruncle; caruncle subulate, slightly inflated, attached to dorsum. Low transversal ciliated bands present throughout the body. Chaetiger 1 well developed with chaetae in both rami. Branchial tips always free from notopodial postchaetal lamellae. Hooded hooks bidentate with very upright apical tooth in neuropodia from about chaetigers 38–44 (Australian specimens) or bidentate hooks from chaetigers 26–33 (Japanese specimens,
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E68938FFA3DED59231FD926450" author="Imajima" box="[399,561,1111,1136]" pageId="12" pageNumber="390" refString="Imajima, M. (1992) Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan. VIII. The genus Scolelepis. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A, 18, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1992">Imajima 1992</bibRefCitation>
); in notopodia hooks from about chaetiger 98 (Australian
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB58938FFA3DB9E9231FA8B6450" box="[1220,1320,1111,1136]" pageId="12" pageNumber="390" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) or 55–62 (Japanese specimens). In Japanese specimens pygidium with ventral, entire cushion, unknown for Australian specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57AFE79C8938FFA1DF9D92A2FE3460F5" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="392" pageId="12" pageNumber="390" type="description">
<paragraph id="1F0AB4178938FFA3DF9D92A2FDE46648" blockId="12.[151,1437,788,2037]" pageId="12" pageNumber="390">
<emphasis id="2DC168058938FFA3DF9D92A2FEFA64FD" bold="true" box="[199,345,1220,1245]" pageId="12" pageNumber="390">Description.</emphasis>
Based on re-examination of
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB58938FFA3DDEA92A2FCB164FD" box="[688,786,1220,1245]" pageId="12" pageNumber="390" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and original description by
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E68938FFA3DB3B92A2FA3A64FC" author="Hartmann-Schroder" box="[1121,1433,1220,1245]" pageId="12" pageNumber="390" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1981) Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der australischen Kusten unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Teil 6: Die Polychaeten der tropisch-subtropischen Westkuste Australiens (zwischen Exmouth im Norden und Cervantes im Suden). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburger Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 78, 19 - 96." type="journal article" year="1981">Hartmann-Schröder (1981)</bibRefCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB58938FFA3DFCD9281FF5C6520" box="[151,255,1255,1280]" pageId="12" pageNumber="390" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
fragmented specimen: one anterior fragment with nine chaetigers, three middle fragments of different length (66, 54, and 3 chaetigers); body width about
<quantity id="D84D19F28938FFA3DD86936AFCBE6504" box="[732,797,1292,1316]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="390" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
(measured at 8th chaetiger), total length of all fragments
<quantity id="D84D19F28938FFA3DFCD9356FF486568" box="[151,235,1328,1352]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="390" unit="mm" value="42.0">42 mm</quantity>
. Prostomium anteriorly trifid, median lobe sharply pointed and considerably projecting over anterolateral lobes and peristomium, anterolateral lobes tapered but not pointed, only slightly projecting over peristomium; prostomium with transverse furrow at level of palpal insertion and beginning of chaetiger 1, beyond this furrow extended into subulate, slightly inflated caruncle reaching end of chaetiger 1, caruncle attached to dorsum (
<figureCitation id="878EA8928938FFA3DA3593FAFF0565F8" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1244,1266]" captionTargetBox="[308,1279,648,1214]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[297,1289,643,1223]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scolelepis (Scolelepis) kudenovi Hartmann-Schröder, 1981, holotype, ZMH P 16497. A. Anterior end, dorsal view, first left parapodium removed, palps lost; B. Neuropodial bidentate hooded hooks from posterior chaetiger, note upright large apical tooth. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm, B = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234236/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="390">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A). Palps rather thin and short, reaching back to about chaetiger 5, palpal base thickened. According to original description two pairs of eyes arranged in trapezoid, anterior pair smaller and further apart than posterior pair, both pairs close to each other almost forming one row (at the time of re-examination of the
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB58938FFA3DBE79061FABC6600" box="[1213,1311,1543,1568]" pageId="12" pageNumber="390" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
no longer discernable). Peristomium moderately developed without forming wings. Low but distinct transversal ciliated bands (tcb´s) present throughout body.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0AB4178938FFA2DF9D9012FCCD60F5" blockId="12.[151,1437,788,2037]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,608]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="391" pageId="12" pageNumber="390">Chaetiger 1 well developed, with subulate postchaetal lamellae in both rami, notopodial lamellae slightly longer and more slender than neuropodial lamellae; notochaetae present. Branchiae from chaetiger 2, present throughout length of fragment; anterior branchiae cirriform with rounded tip, not much longer than notopodial postchaetal lamellae of same chaetiger and fused to it at base; from chaetiger 8 branchiae elongate and pointed, distinctly longer than notopodial lamellae and fused to it except at its tip; from about chaetiger 40 branchiae continously decreasing in length until posterior body region, notopodial lamellae attached to basal part of branchiae. Notopodial lamellae in anterior chaetigers tapered, lower portion rounded, fused to branchiae but distally free, slightly folded; from middle body region lower portion becoming detached from branchiae and tapered; in far posterior chaetigers lamella somewhat triangular, fused to branchiae over a narrow portion. Prechaetal notopodial lamellae triangular, indistinct, present until about chaetiger 40. Neuropodial postchaetal lamellae rounded from chaetiger 2, from chaetiger 38 slightly notched and becoming divided into large rounded neuropodial lamellae and small conical ventral (or subpodial) lobe from about chaetiger 48; neuropodial lamellae foliate and in approximate interramal position from chaetiger 50.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0AB4178939FFA2DF9D96B9FE686240" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,608]" pageId="13" pageNumber="391">
Anterior chaetae all capillaries with narrow sheaths; arranged in two rows in both rami, capillaries in anterior row slightly shorter and granulated, capillaries in posterior row smooth or slightly granulated; 2–3 superiormost very long chaetae present in notopodia. Parapodia of the middle body region with capillaries having narrow sheaths arranged in two rows; neurochaetae granulated and about the same length in both rows; notochaetae in anterior row shorter, granulated, in posterior row longer, only slightly granulated; two very long superiormost capillaries present in notopodia. From chaetiger 44 neuropodial hooded hooks present, hooks bidentate with very upright apical tooth surmounting main fang (
<figureCitation id="878EA8928939FFA2DEE897D1FE5B61F0" box="[434,504,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1244,1266]" captionTargetBox="[308,1279,648,1214]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[297,1289,643,1223]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scolelepis (Scolelepis) kudenovi Hartmann-Schröder, 1981, holotype, ZMH P 16497. A. Anterior end, dorsal view, first left parapodium removed, palps lost; B. Neuropodial bidentate hooded hooks from posterior chaetiger, note upright large apical tooth. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm, B = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234236/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="391">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B), hooks numbering up to 14 per fascicle accompanied by 1–2 superior and 1–2 inferior smooth alimbate capillaries; notochaetae smooth capillaries with very narrow sheaths or alimbate, first arranged in irregular rows, more posteriorly arranged in a bundle; notopodial hooks from chaetiger 98, same appearance as in notopodia, maximally three per fascicle, together with several capillaries. Inferior capillaries or sabre chaetae not observed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="4BCAE49F8939FFA2DFCD92BAFD28650F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234236/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="391" targetBox="[308,1279,648,1214]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="1F0AB4178939FFA2DFCD92BAFD28650F" blockId="13.[151,1436,1244,1327]" pageId="13" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="2DC168058939FFA2DFCD92BAFEB164D1" bold="true" box="[151,274,1244,1266]" pageId="13" pageNumber="391">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF948939FFA2DE4392BAFCCD64D2" authority="Hartmann-Schroder, 1981" authorityName="Hartmann-Schroder" authorityYear="1981" box="[281,878,1244,1266]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="391" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kudenovi" subGenus="Scolelepis">
<emphasis id="2DC168058939FFA2DE4392BAFE2364D2" box="[281,384,1244,1266]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="391">Scolelepis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="2DC168058939FFA2DED492BAFE5764D2" box="[398,500,1244,1266]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="391">Scolelepis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="2DC168058939FFA2DD5992BAFDFC64D2" box="[515,607,1244,1266]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="391">kudenovi</emphasis>
Hartmann-Schröder, 1981
</taxonomicName>
, holotype, ZMH P16497. A. Anterior end, dorsal view, first left parapodium removed, palps lost; B. Neuropodial bidentate hooded hooks from posterior chaetiger, note upright large apical tooth. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm, B = 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1F0AB4178939FFA2DF9D9312FF7165F3" blockId="13.[151,1437,1395,2032]" pageId="13" pageNumber="391">
Nature of the pygidium unknown based on examination of the incomplete
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB58939FFA2DB509315FBD365AC" box="[1034,1136,1395,1420]" pageId="13" pageNumber="391" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E68939FFA2DB219315FA8965AB" author="Imajima" box="[1147,1322,1395,1420]" pageId="13" pageNumber="391" refString="Imajima, M. (1992) Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan. VIII. The genus Scolelepis. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A, 18, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1992">Imajima (1992)</bibRefCitation>
identified specimens from
<collectingCountry id="67A2F4878939FFA2DE1493FEFE2D658F" box="[334,398,1432,1455]" name="Japan" pageId="13" pageNumber="391">Japan</collectingCountry>
as
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF948939FFA2DEE893FEFD916590" box="[434,562,1431,1456]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="391" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kudenovi">
<emphasis id="2DC168058939FFA2DEE893FEFD916590" box="[434,562,1431,1456]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="391">S. kudenovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see remarks below) and observed an entire ventral cushion as well as a dorsal anus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0AB4178939FFA2DF9D93B9FBE967A4" blockId="13.[151,1437,1395,2032]" pageId="13" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="2DC168058939FFA2DF9D93B9FBED65D8" bold="true" box="[199,1102,1503,1528]" pageId="13" pageNumber="391">Notes on the single specimen examined in the course of the present study:</emphasis>
Specimen in poor condition, broken just behind the caruncle and distorted so that prostomial and peristomial features difficult to observe, observation of anteriormost chaetigers also unreliable. Anterior fragment with about 51 chaetigers, total length
<quantity id="D84D19F28939FFA2DA239041FF666643" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="391" unit="mm" value="9.8">9.8 mm</quantity>
, width ~
<quantity id="D84D19F28939FFA2DE70902DFECA6643" box="[298,361,1611,1635]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="391" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
(measured at chaetiger 10, chaetae and postchaetal lobes omitted). Prostomium anteriorly trifid with long pointed median lobe, posteriorly less tapered, separated from anterior part of the prostomium by shallow transverse furrow, caruncle slightly inflated, attached to dorsum. Palps lost. Low but distinct tcb´s present throughout the fragment present. Chaetiger 1 with postchaetal lamellae and capillary chaetae in both rami. Branchiae from chaetiger 2, separated from notopodial lamellae at tip, in further posterior chaetigers branchiae and notopodial lamellae basally fused; neuropodial postchaetal lamellae rounded, from chaetiger 33 neuropodial postchaetal lamellae slightly notched, becoming divided into foliate subulate neuropodial lamellae and small conical ventral (or subpodial) lobe by chaetiger 37. Neuropodial hooded hooks present from about chaetiger 38, numbering 1–5 per fascicle; notopodial hooks absent in examined anterior fragment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0AB4178939FFA2DF9D91F6FC4767EB" blockId="13.[151,1437,1395,2032]" pageId="13" pageNumber="391">
A middle fragment of the specimen from the Lizard Island area was used for molecular studies and is no longer extant (sequences are uploaded to GenBank, Acc. No.
<accessionNumber id="00E629F48939FFA2DDA191D5FCD667EC" box="[763,885,1971,1996]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KP636516" pageId="13" pageNumber="391">KP636516</accessionNumber>
,
<tableCitation id="523781AC8939FFA2DCDB91D5FC7167EB" box="[897,978,1971,1996]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[119,200,750,771]" captionTargetBox="[119,1876,893,1043]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Haplotypes, collection data, and GenBank accession numbers of sequenced specimens." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4BCAE49F8937FFACDF2D9488FB876323" pageId="13" pageNumber="391" tableUuid="4BCAE49F8937FFACDF2D9488FB876323">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0AB4178939FFA2DF9D91B1FBCD67D0" blockId="13.[151,1437,1395,2032]" box="[199,1134,2007,2032]" pageId="13" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="2DC168058939FFA2DF9D91B1FECD67D0" bold="true" box="[199,366,2007,2032]" pageId="13" pageNumber="391">Pigmentation.</emphasis>
Colour of formalin fixed specimen white without any pigmentation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0AB417893AFFA1DF9D96F1FE3460F5" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="2DC16805893AFFA1DF9D96F1FD936090" bold="true" box="[199,560,151,176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">Methyl green staining pattern.</emphasis>
Inconspicuous. Prostomium, peristomium, branchiae and postchaetal lamellae most intensely stained.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57AFE79C893AFFA1DF9D96B9FEEE65E0" pageId="14" pageNumber="392" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="1F0AB417893AFFA1DF9D96B9FD806480" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="2DC16805893AFFA1DF9D96B9FE9860D8" bold="true" box="[199,315,223,248]" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">Remarks.</emphasis>
Though our specimen from Lizard Island is in poor condition it could be identified as
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94893AFFA1DA409686FE1E613C" authority="Hartmann-Schroder, 1981" authorityName="Hartmann-Schroder" authorityYear="1981" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="392" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kudenovi">
<emphasis id="2DC16805893AFFA1DA409686FA3F60D8" box="[1306,1436,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">S. kudenovi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E6893AFFA1DFCD9762FE1E613C" author="Hartmann-Schroder" box="[151,445,260,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="392" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1981) Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der australischen Kusten unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Teil 6: Die Polychaeten der tropisch-subtropischen Westkuste Australiens (zwischen Exmouth im Norden und Cervantes im Suden). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburger Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 78, 19 - 96." type="journal article" year="1981">Hartmann-Schröder, 1981</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The most striking features of this species are the prostomial shape (anteriorly trifid with slightly inflated caruncle attached to the dorsum and separated from the anterior part of the prostomium by a shallow transverse furrow) and the bidentate hooks with a strikingly upright apical tooth. There is also good agreement in details concerning parapodial postchaetal lamellae, chaetae, branchiae, the development of the first chaetigers and the presence of transversal ciliated bands throughout the body. Slight differences concerning the presence of hooks in neuropodia might be attributed to different growth stages of examined specimens: In the Lizard Island specimen neuropodial hooded hooks start from about chaetiger 38, numbering 1–5 per fascicle, whereas
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E6893AFFA1DE589799FD9A6238" author="Hartmann-Schroder" box="[258,569,511,536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="392" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1981) Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der australischen Kusten unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Teil 6: Die Polychaeten der tropisch-subtropischen Westkuste Australiens (zwischen Exmouth im Norden und Cervantes im Suden). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburger Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 78, 19 - 96." type="journal article" year="1981">Hartmann-Schröder (1981)</bibRefCitation>
states the neuropodial hooks to start on chaetiger
<quantity id="D84D19F2893AFFA1DBE89466FB506238" box="[1202,1267,511,536]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1176" pageId="14" pageNumber="392" unit="in" value="44.0">44 in</quantity>
the
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB5893AFFA1DA699799FA3B6238" box="[1331,1432,511,536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="392" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, numbering up to 14 per fascicle.
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E6893AFFA1DD4D9442FD6A621C" author="Imajima" box="[535,713,548,573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="392" refString="Imajima, M. (1992) Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan. VIII. The genus Scolelepis. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A, 18, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1992">Imajima (1992)</bibRefCitation>
found
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94893AFFA1DC479442FC2D621D" box="[797,910,548,573]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="392" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2DC16805893AFFA1DC479442FC2D621D" box="[797,910,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">Scolelepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens in
<collectingCountry id="67A2F487893AFFA1DB6C9443FBD5621C" box="[1078,1142,549,572]" name="Japan" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">Japan</collectingCountry>
which he identified as
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94893AFFA1DADD9443FF5F6240" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="392" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kudenovi">
<emphasis id="2DC16805893AFFA1DADD9443FF5F6240" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">S. kudenovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Based on his description and illustrations, differences to the Australian specimens concern the prostomial shape in that the prostomium is anteriorly long and pointed in the Japanese specimens instead of being anteriorly trifid as in the Australian specimens. Also,
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E6893AFFA1DDA394E9FC096288" author="Imajima" box="[761,938,655,680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="392" refString="Imajima, M. (1992) Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan. VIII. The genus Scolelepis. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A, 18, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1992">Imajima (1992)</bibRefCitation>
describes up to 17 hooks per fascicle being first present in neuropodia of chaetigers 26–33 and in notopodia from about chaetigers 55–62. In Australian specimens neuropodial hooks start later and are fewer in numbers (see above); notopodial hooks in contrast start much later than in the Japanese specimens and were first observed by
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E6893AFFA1DCE6949AFB4E6334" author="Hartmann-Schroder" box="[956,1261,764,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="392" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1981) Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der australischen Kusten unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Teil 6: Die Polychaeten der tropisch-subtropischen Westkuste Australiens (zwischen Exmouth im Norden und Cervantes im Suden). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburger Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 78, 19 - 96." type="journal article" year="1981">Hartmann-Schröder (1981)</bibRefCitation>
from chaetiger 98. At all localities specimens had 2–3 notopodial hooks per fascicle in respective chaetigers. Both authors reported hooks to be of the same shape in both rami and described them as bidentate and hooded. However,
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E6893AFFA1DFCD9501FE6863A0" author="Hartmann-Schroder" box="[151,459,871,896]" pageId="14" pageNumber="392" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1981) Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der australischen Kusten unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Teil 6: Die Polychaeten der tropisch-subtropischen Westkuste Australiens (zwischen Exmouth im Norden und Cervantes im Suden). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburger Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 78, 19 - 96." type="journal article" year="1981">Hartmann-Schröder (1981)</bibRefCitation>
provides an illustration of hooks which clearly shows a large upright apical tooth surmounting the main fang whereas in Imajima’s (1992) illustrations the apical tooth is less distinct, smaller in comparison and not strictly upright. Re-examination of the
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB5893AFFA1DC3F95C9FC6463E8" box="[869,967,943,968]" pageId="14" pageNumber="392" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94893AFFA1DCA395D6FB2263E8" box="[1017,1153,943,968]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="392" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kudenovi">
<emphasis id="2DC16805893AFFA1DCA395D6FB2263E8" box="[1017,1153,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">S. kudenovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reveals that Hartmann- Schröder’s illustrations are correct and very well reflect the nature of the hooks in this species. The specimen from Lizard Island has the same
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB5893AFFA1DE80959EFDA96430" box="[474,522,1016,1040]" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">type</typeStatus>
of hooks and thus agrees well with the original species description (
<figureCitation id="878EA892893AFFA1DA699591FAD86430" box="[1331,1403,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1244,1266]" captionTargetBox="[308,1279,648,1214]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[297,1289,643,1223]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scolelepis (Scolelepis) kudenovi Hartmann-Schröder, 1981, holotype, ZMH P 16497. A. Anterior end, dorsal view, first left parapodium removed, palps lost; B. Neuropodial bidentate hooded hooks from posterior chaetiger, note upright large apical tooth. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm, B = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234236/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B). Unfortunately taxonomic information on
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94893AFFA1DDDE927BFCAF6415" box="[644,780,1052,1077]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="392" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kudenovi">
<emphasis id="2DC16805893AFFA1DDDE927BFCAF6415" box="[644,780,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">S. kudenovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is restricted to the above mentioned publications and intraspecific variability is largely unknown. In any case, records of
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94893AFFA1DCFD9226FB886478" box="[935,1067,1087,1112]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="392" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kudenovi">
<emphasis id="2DC16805893AFFA1DCFD9226FB886478" box="[935,1067,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">S. kudenovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="67A2F487893AFFA1DB2F9226FB166477" box="[1141,1205,1088,1111]" name="Japan" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">Japan</collectingCountry>
should be critically reviewed, including the information on the pygidium added to the description of
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94893AFFA1DB7A9203FB02645D" box="[1056,1185,1124,1149]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="392" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kudenovi">
<emphasis id="2DC16805893AFFA1DB7A9203FB02645D" box="[1056,1185,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">S. kudenovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on examination of complete specimens from
<collectingCountry id="67A2F487893AFFA1DE8692EFFDBC6480" box="[476,543,1161,1184]" name="Japan" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">Japan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0AB417893AFFA1DF9D92CAFC186575" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">
A species very close to
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94893AFFA1DE8992CBFDF764E5" box="[467,596,1196,1221]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="392" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kudenovi">
<emphasis id="2DC16805893AFFA1DE8992CBFDF764E5" box="[467,596,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">S. kudenovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens from
<collectingCountry id="67A2F487893AFFA1DC4C92CBFCF564E4" box="[790,854,1197,1220]" name="Japan" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">Japan</collectingCountry>
is
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94893AFFA1DC2292CAFA3B64E4" authority="Imajima, 1992" authorityName="Imajima" authorityYear="1992" box="[888,1432,1196,1221]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="392" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sagittaria" subGenus="Scolelepis">
<emphasis id="2DC16805893AFFA1DC2292CAFC4964E5" box="[888,1002,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">Scolelepis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="2DC16805893AFFA1DCA092CAFBC864E5" box="[1018,1131,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">Scolelepis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="2DC16805893AFFA1DB2692CBFB4A64E4" box="[1148,1257,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">sagittaria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E6893AFFA1DBAB92CAFA3B64E4" author="Imajima" box="[1265,1432,1196,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="392" refString="Imajima, M. (1992) Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan. VIII. The genus Scolelepis. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A, 18, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1992">Imajima, 1992</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, so far only known from
<collectingCountry id="67A2F487893AFFA1DEEA92B7FE5064C8" box="[432,499,1233,1256]" name="Japan" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">Japan</collectingCountry>
. The species has an anteriorly trifid prostomium. Parapodial postchaetal lamellae, chaetae, branchiae, and the development of the first chaetigers is very similar to
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94893AFFA1DB119293FB73652D" box="[1099,1232,1268,1293]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="392" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kudenovi">
<emphasis id="2DC16805893AFFA1DB119293FB73652D" box="[1099,1232,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">S. kudenovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In contrast to
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94893AFFA1DADD9293FF5F6510" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="392" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kudenovi">
<emphasis id="2DC16805893AFFA1DADD9293FF5F6510" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">S. kudenovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species only bearing bidentate hooks, a single superior tridentate hooded hook occurs next to bidentate hooded hooks in the neuropodia and all notopodial hooks are tridentate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0AB417893AFFA1DF9D9339FEEE65E0" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="2DC16805893AFFA1DF9D9339FE006558" bold="true" box="[199,419,1375,1400]" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">Habitat / Ecology.</emphasis>
In
<collectingCountry id="67A2F487893AFFA1DE949339FD966558" box="[462,565,1375,1400]" name="Australia" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">Australia</collectingCountry>
the species was found intertidally in fine sand with detritus and
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94893AFFA1DA709339FA3F6558" box="[1322,1436,1375,1400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Posidoniaceae" genus="Posidonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="14" pageNumber="392" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2DC16805893AFFA1DA709339FA3F6558" box="[1322,1436,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">Posidonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seedlings (Western
<collectingCountry id="67A2F487893AFFA1DE2393E2FE4765BD" box="[377,484,1412,1437]" name="Australia" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">Australia</collectingCountry>
), around Lizard Island in sand. The record from
<collectingCountry id="67A2F487893AFFA1DB7F93E3FBC665BC" box="[1061,1125,1413,1436]" name="Japan" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">Japan</collectingCountry>
is from
<quantity id="D84D19F2893AFFA1DB9493E2FAA865BC" box="[1230,1291,1412,1437]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="392" unit="m" value="45.0">45 m</quantity>
water depth (
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E6893AFFA1DFC493C1FEE265E0" author="Imajima" box="[158,321,1447,1472]" pageId="14" pageNumber="392" refString="Imajima, M. (1992) Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Japan. VIII. The genus Scolelepis. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A, 18, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1992">Imajima 1992</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57AFE79C893AFFA1DF9D93AAFC9D65C4" box="[199,830,1484,1509]" pageId="14" pageNumber="392" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1F0AB417893AFFA1DF9D93AAFC9D65C4" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1509]" box="[199,830,1484,1509]" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="2DC16805893AFFA1DF9D93AAFEC365C5" bold="true" box="[199,352,1484,1509]" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="67A2F487893AFFA1DE3D93ABFE0865C4" box="[359,427,1485,1508]" name="Japan" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">Japan</collectingCountry>
: off Shimoda,
<collectingCountry id="67A2F487893AFFA1DD1493AAFD1A65C5" box="[590,697,1484,1509]" name="Australia" pageId="14" pageNumber="392">Australia</collectingCountry>
: WA, QLD.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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