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<mods:title id="DFB8E04930F502591337B78010CF7582">Spionidae (Annelida: ‘ Polychaeta’: Canalipalpata) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia: the genera Malacoceros, Scolelepis, Spio, Microspio, and Spiophanes</mods:title>
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<heading id="4442037B8921FFBADFCD94AAFD1D62C6" bold="true" box="[151,702,716,742]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF948921FFBADFCD94AAFD1D62C6" ID-CoL="436WN" authority="Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978" authorityName="Blake &amp; Kudenov" authorityYear="1978" box="[151,702,716,742]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="granulata">
<emphasis id="2DC168058921FFBADFCD94AAFD1D62C6" bold="true" box="[151,702,716,742]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">
<emphasis id="2DC168058921FFBADFCD94AAFE2D62C6" bold="true" box="[151,398,716,742]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">Microspio granulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E68921FFBADECC94AAFD1D62C6" author="Blake" box="[406,702,716,742]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" refString="Blake, J. A. &amp; Kudenov, J. D. (1978) The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 39, 171 - 280." type="journal article" year="1978">Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0AB4178921FFBADFCD9488FEBB6327" blockId="21.[151,702,716,775]" box="[151,280,750,775]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">
(
<figureCitation id="878EA8928921FFBADFC59488FEAC6327" box="[159,271,750,775]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 8" captionStart-1="FIGURE 11" captionStartId-0="22.[151,250,1140,1162]" captionStartId-1="25.[151,250,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1411,180,1110]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,1201,1700]" captionTargetId-0="figure@22.[151,1411,180,1110]" captionTargetId-1="figure@25.[151,1436,1201,1700]" captionTargetPageId-0="22" captionTargetPageId-1="25" captionText-0="FIGURE 8. Microspio granulata Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978: Example for pigmentation pattern. A. Holotype fixed in formalin, dorsal view of anterior part, NMV F 42947, type locality in NSW, Australia; B. Specimen fixed in formalin, anterior end, dorsal view, AM W. 44381, MI QLD 2376, Lizard Island area; C. Same in lateral view. Scale bars: A – C = 0.4 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 11. Microspio granulata Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978: Studies on the ventral epidermal glands (VEGs). A. Methyl green staining pattern, anterior end, ventral surface of anterior chaetigers (arrows point at white dots being the location of the VEGs), AM W. 44381, MI QLD 2376; B. SEM image, anterior end, ventral surface of anterior chaetigers (arrows point at gland openings), AM W. 44016, MI QLD 2340; C. Cross section of glandophorous chaetiger (arrows point at two VEGs), AM W. 44018, MI QLD 2340. Abbreviations: coe = coelomic cavity, cu = cuticle, ep = epidermis, ltm = longitudinal musculature, mg = mid gut, sc = secretion cell, vnc = ventral nerve cord. Scale bars: A, B = 100 µm, C = 20 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/234239/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/234240/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">Figs 8–11</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57AFE79C8921FFBADFCD955EFAFA636C" box="[151,1369,822,845]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="1F0AB4178921FFBADFCD955EFAFA636C" blockId="21.[151,1369,822,845]" box="[151,1369,822,845]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="3FA593398921FFBADFCD955EFAFA636C" box="[151,1369,822,845]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF948921FFBADFCD955EFD3A636C" ID-CoL="436WN" authority="Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978: 232" authorityName="Blake &amp; Kudenov" authorityPageNumber="232" authorityYear="1978" box="[151,665,822,845]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="granulata">
<emphasis id="2DC168058921FFBADFCD955EFECB636C" box="[151,360,822,845]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">Microspio granulata</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="9E1492068921FFBADE349550FD3A636C" author="Blake" box="[366,665,822,844]" page="232" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E68921FFBADE349550FDC4636C" author="Blake" box="[366,615,822,844]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" refString="Blake, J. A. &amp; Kudenov, J. D. (1978) The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 39, 171 - 280." type="journal article" year="1978">Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 232
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 30.— 
<treatmentCitation id="9E1492068921FFBADC5E9550FB95636C" author="Hutchings" box="[772,1078,822,844]" page="13" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E68921FFBADC5E9550FBB0636C" author="Hutchings" box="[772,1043,822,844]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" refString="Hutchings, P. &amp; Turvey, S. P. (1984) The Spionidae of South Australia (Annelida: Polychaeta). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 108, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1984">Hutchings &amp; Turvey 1984</bibRefCitation>
: 13
</treatmentCitation>
–14; 
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E68921FFBADB339550FAA6636C" author="Maciolek" box="[1129,1285,822,844]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" refString="Maciolek, N. J. (1990) A redescription of some species belonging to the genera Spio and Microspio (Polychaeta: Annelida) and descriptions of three new species from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Natural History, 24, 1109 - 1141. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939000770701" type="journal article" year="1990">Maciolek 1990</bibRefCitation>
: table 3.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57AFE79C8921FFBADFCD951FFCE1658E" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1F0AB4178921FFBADFCD951FFC1F63FA" blockId="21.[151,1436,889,1994]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">
<emphasis id="2DC168058921FFBADFCD951FFEE563B2" bold="true" box="[151,326,889,914]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB58921FFBADFCD951FFF7163B2" box="[151,210,889,914]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB58921FFBADE14951FFE1863B2" box="[334,443,889,914]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode id="79A42CD28921FFBADE9C951CFDA463B1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[454,519,890,913]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">NMV</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber id="00E629F48921FFBADD55951CFDC463B2" box="[527,615,890,914]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/F42947" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" type="EnaNcbi">F42947</accessionNumber>
, S Pacific Ocean, New South 
<collectingCountry id="67A2F4878921FFBADCE5951FFBA563B2" box="[959,1030,889,914]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">Wales</collectingCountry>
, Botany Bay, 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF948921FFBADBFF951CFB4F63B1" box="[1189,1260,890,913]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="21" pageNumber="393" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="towra">Towra</taxonomicName>
Point, 
<collectionCode id="79A42CD28921FFBADA64951CFA3F63B2" box="[1342,1436,890,914]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">NSWSF</collectionCode>
station 329, associated with 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF948921FFBADE8095FBFD6A6396" authority="Apr 1973" authorityName="Apr" authorityYear="1973" box="[474,713,925,950]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bugulidae" genus="Halophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2DC168058921FFBADE8095FBFDEF6396" box="[474,588,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">Halophila</emphasis>
, Apr 1973
</taxonomicName>
, coll. Rand, af. 
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB58921FFBADCDA95F8FC446396" box="[896,999,926,950]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode id="79A42CD28921FFBADCA895F8FB906395" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[1010,1075,926,949]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">NMV</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber id="00E629F48921FFBADB6695FBFB366396" box="[1084,1173,925,950]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/F42950" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" type="EnaNcbi">F42950</accessionNumber>
, S Pacific Ocean, New South 
<collectingCountry id="67A2F4878921FFBADF8595A7FE8563FA" box="[223,294,961,986]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">Wales</collectingCountry>
, Botany Bay, 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF948921FFBADE9895A4FDAA63F9" box="[450,521,962,985]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Scolelepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="21" pageNumber="393" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="towra">Towra</taxonomicName>
Point, station 211, coll. 
<collectionCode id="79A42CD28921FFBADC4095A4FCFB63FA" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15627" box="[794,856,962,986]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15627" name="Royal Botanic Gardens, National Herbarium of New South Wales" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">NSW</collectionCode>
fish., af.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0AB4178921FFBADF9D9583FD1164AE" blockId="21.[151,1436,889,1994]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">
<emphasis id="2DC168058921FFBADF9D9583FE5F63DE" bold="true" box="[199,508,997,1022]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">Other material examined.</emphasis>
AM W.44379, MI QLD 2380, af, formalin; AM W.44016, MI QLD 2340, broken, formalin; AM W.47430, MI QLD 2340, af, formalin; AM W.44018, MI QLD 2340, broken, formalin; AM W.44381, MI QLD 2376 (2), formalin; AM W.45022, MI QLD 2437 (2 af), formalin; AM W.44472, MI QLD 2395, broken, formalin; AM W.44480, MI QLD 2397, af, 96% ethanol; AM W.44484, MI QLD 2399, af, formalin; AM W.43956, MI QLD 2342, broken, formalin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0AB4178921FFBADF9D92FFFCE1658E" blockId="21.[151,1436,889,1994]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">
<emphasis id="2DC168058921FFBADF9D92FFFDF36492" bold="true" box="[199,592,1177,1202]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">Comparative material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB58921FFBADD0C92FFFD1D6492" box="[598,702,1177,1202]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF948921FFBADDB892FCFB446492" authority="Hartmann-Schroder, 1962" authorityName="Hartmann-Schroder" authorityYear="1962" box="[738,1255,1177,1202]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="2DC168058921FFBADDB892FCFC0A6491" box="[738,937,1178,1201]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">Microspio minuta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E68921FFBADCEC92FFFB7C6492" author="Hartmann-Schroder" box="[950,1247,1177,1202]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1962) Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der chilenischen Pazifikkuste und der argentinischen Kuste Sudpatagoniens unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychchaeten und Ostracoden. Teil 2. Die Polychaeten des Eulitorals. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen zoologischen Museum und Institut, 60 (Supplement Volume), 57 - 167." type="journal article" year="1962">Hartmann-Schröder, 1962</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<collectionCode id="79A42CD28921FFBADBAB92FCFA8C6491" box="[1265,1327,1178,1201]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">ZMH</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="79A42CD28921FFBADA6C92FCFAF36492" box="[1334,1360,1178,1202]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">P-</collectionCode>
14930, S Pacific Ocean, 
<collectingCountry id="67A2F4878921FFBADE0392DBFE3B64F6" box="[345,408,1213,1238]" name="Chile" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">Chile</collectingCountry>
, 
<quantity id="D84D19F28921FFBADEFF92D8FE7D64F6" box="[421,478,1213,1238]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
north of Taltal, eulitoral, from rhizoids of 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF948921FFBADCE592D8FBE464F5" box="[959,1095,1214,1237]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Macrocystis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2DC168058921FFBADCE592D8FBE464F5" box="[959,1095,1214,1237]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">Macrocystis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
washed up on the beach, coll. G. Hartmann-Schröder, af. 
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB58921FFBADE889287FD9964DA" box="[466,570,1249,1274]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF948921FFBADD329284FBB164DA" authority="Dorsey, 1977" authorityName="Dorsey" authorityYear="1977" box="[616,1042,1250,1274]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="microcera">
<emphasis id="2DC168058921FFBADD329284FCFB64D9" box="[616,856,1250,1273]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">Microspio microcera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E68921FFBADC319284FBA964DA" author="Dorsey" box="[875,1034,1250,1274]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" refString="Dorsey, J. H. (1977) A new species of Rhynchospio (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from San Clemente Island, California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 76, 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1977">Dorsey, 1977</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, LACM-AHF 
<collectionCode id="79A42CD28921FFBADBE59284FAA664DA" box="[1215,1285,1250,1274]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">POLY</collectionCode>
1137, North Pacific Ocean, 
<collectingCountry id="67A2F4878921FFBADE129360FE20653E" box="[328,387,1286,1310]" name="United States of America" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">USA</collectingCountry>
, California, Channel Islands, San Clemente Island, Wilson Cove, 
<quantity id="D84D19F28921FFBADBDF9360FB16653D" box="[1157,1205,1286,1310]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
, coralline algal mat (mostly 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF948921FFBADFA3934FFE596562" box="[249,506,1321,1346]" class="Rhodophyceae" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Lithothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Corallinales" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="aspergillum">
<emphasis id="2DC168058921FFBADFA3934FFE596562" box="[249,506,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">Lithothrix aspergillum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) with sand and shell debris, coll. J. Dorsey, 
<date id="6B0B92D78921FFBADB43934CFB2B6562" box="[1049,1160,1322,1346]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" value="1973-06">Jun 1973</date>
. 
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB58921FFBADBC2934CFB596562" box="[1176,1274,1322,1346]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF948921FFBADA70934CFE1E6546" authority="Dorsey, 1977" authorityName="Dorsey" authorityYear="1977" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="microcera">
<emphasis id="2DC168058921FFBADA70934CFEAA6545" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">Microspio microcera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E68921FFBADE439328FE166546" author="Dorsey" box="[281,437,1358,1382]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" refString="Dorsey, J. H. (1977) A new species of Rhynchospio (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from San Clemente Island, California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 76, 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1977">Dorsey, 1977</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, LACM-AHF 
<collectionCode id="79A42CD28921FFBADD3C9328FD0F6546" box="[614,684,1358,1382]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">POLY</collectionCode>
1138 (4 af), same locality and information as 
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB58921FFBADB9A932BFA856546" box="[1216,1318,1357,1382]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Non-type material of 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF948921FFBADE789314FD6E65AA" authority="Dorsey, 1977" authorityName="Dorsey" authorityYear="1977" box="[290,717,1394,1418]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="microcera">
<emphasis id="2DC168058921FFBADE789314FDB165A9" box="[290,530,1394,1417]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">Microspio microcera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E68921FFBADD7C9314FD6665AA" author="Dorsey" box="[550,709,1394,1418]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" refString="Dorsey, J. H. (1977) A new species of Rhynchospio (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from San Clemente Island, California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 76, 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1977">Dorsey, 1977</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, LACM-AHF 
<collectionCode id="79A42CD28921FFBADC269314FC6165AA" box="[892,962,1394,1418]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">POLY</collectionCode>
6592, same locality and information as 
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB58921FFBADFCD93F3FF5F658E" box="[151,252,1429,1454]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, additional information: 
<geoCoordinate id="7A81D2D08921FFBADD4B93F0FD39658E" box="[529,666,1430,1454]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" precision="15" value="32.005">32°00’18”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="7A81D2D08921FFBADDFB93F3FC9D658E" box="[673,830,1429,1454]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" precision="15" value="-118.55723">118°33’26”W</geoCoordinate>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57AFE79C8921FFBADF9D93DFFBE7668A" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="1F0AB4178921FFBADF9D93DFFBE7668A" blockId="21.[151,1436,889,1994]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">
<emphasis id="2DC168058921FFBADF9D93DFFEE265F2" bold="true" box="[199,321,1465,1490]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Prostomium anteriorly deeply incised, posterior part slightly elevated, extended into a caruncle terminating at chaetiger 2. Notopodial ramus of chaetiger 1 reduced, without notochaetae, small rounded lamella dorsally to the neuropodium present and in addition dorsal lobe present in vicinity to the lateral band of the nuchal organ. Branchiae from chaetiger 2, branchiae on chaetiger 2 as long as those on chaetiger 
<quantity id="D84D19F28921FFBADBF39040FB75661E" box="[1193,1238,1573,1598]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
adult specimens, only few posteriormost chaetigers without branchiae. Pronounced ciliation on all tcb´s and at the inner side of the branchiae. From chaetiger 9 two to five bi- or tridentate neuropodial hooded hooks, apical tooth hardly discernible; sabre chaetae present in middle and posterior chaetigers. Pygidium with 4 anal cirri.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57AFE79C8921FFB6DF9D90D3FB8F645C" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="403" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" type="description">
<paragraph id="1F0AB4178921FFBADF9D90D3FE0467EA" blockId="21.[151,1436,889,1994]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">
<emphasis id="2DC168058921FFBADF9D90D3FEFA66EE" bold="true" box="[199,345,1717,1742]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">Description.</emphasis>
(based on specimens examined in the course of the present study) Specimens from Lizard Island considerably smaller than 
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB58921FFBADE8A90BCFDA366D2" box="[464,512,1754,1778]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">type</typeStatus>
material collected in New South 
<collectingCountry id="67A2F4878921FFBADCC790BFFC4766D2" box="[925,996,1753,1778]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">Wales</collectingCountry>
. Largest complete specimen with 42 chaetigers, 
<quantity id="D84D19F28921FFBADE419098FEC36735" box="[283,352,1790,1814]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
wide, about 
<quantity id="D84D19F28921FFBADEA49098FDF26735" box="[510,593,1790,1814]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="399" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
long. Prostomium deeply incised, projecting over peristomium, without prominent occipital papilla (which is present in the 
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB58921FFBADDA19144FC88671A" box="[763,811,1826,1850]" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">type</typeStatus>
material) (
<figureCitation id="878EA8928921FFBADCF59147FC5A671A" box="[943,1017,1825,1850]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1140,1162]" captionTargetBox="[151,1411,180,1110]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1411,180,1110]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 8. Microspio granulata Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978: Example for pigmentation pattern. A. Holotype fixed in formalin, dorsal view of anterior part, NMV F 42947, type locality in NSW, Australia; B. Specimen fixed in formalin, anterior end, dorsal view, AM W. 44381, MI QLD 2376, Lizard Island area; C. Same in lateral view. Scale bars: A – C = 0.4 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234239/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">Figs 8</figureCitation>
A–C, 9A–C, 10A–C); posterior end extending to tcb on chaetiger 2, slightly elevated from about posterior pair of eyes (Figs 9A, B, 10C); two pairs of black eyes, arranged in trapezoid, anterior pair larger, crescent-shaped, widely spaced, posterior pair smaller, rounded, closely spaced (
<figureCitation id="878EA8928921FFBADE9691EBFDBA6786" box="[460,537,1933,1958]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1140,1162]" captionTargetBox="[151,1411,180,1110]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1411,180,1110]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 8. Microspio granulata Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978: Example for pigmentation pattern. A. Holotype fixed in formalin, dorsal view of anterior part, NMV F 42947, type locality in NSW, Australia; B. Specimen fixed in formalin, anterior end, dorsal view, AM W. 44381, MI QLD 2376, Lizard Island area; C. Same in lateral view. Scale bars: A – C = 0.4 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234239/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="399">Figs 8</figureCitation>
A–C, 9A, B); only anterior part of prostomium distinctly separated from peristomium (Fig. 10B).
</paragraph>
<caption id="4BCAE49F8922FFB9DFCD9212FB7B64E7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234239/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="400" targetBox="[151,1411,180,1110]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="1F0AB4178922FFB9DFCD9212FB7B64E7" blockId="22.[151,1436,1140,1223]" pageId="22" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="2DC168058922FFB9DFCD9212FEB164A9" bold="true" box="[151,274,1140,1162]" pageId="22" pageNumber="400">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF948922FFB9DE439213FD4C64AA" authority="Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978" authorityName="Blake &amp; Kudenov" authorityYear="1978" box="[281,751,1140,1162]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="22" pageNumber="400" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="granulata">
<emphasis id="2DC168058922FFB9DE439213FE4864AA" box="[281,491,1140,1162]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="400">Microspio granulata</emphasis>
Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978
</taxonomicName>
: Example for pigmentation pattern. A. Holotype fixed in formalin, dorsal view of anterior part, NMV 
<accessionNumber id="00E629F48922FFB9DEAD92F4FDE56488" box="[503,582,1170,1192]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/F42947" pageId="22" pageNumber="400" type="EnaNcbi">F42947</accessionNumber>
, type locality in NSW, Australia; B. Specimen fixed in formalin, anterior end, dorsal view, AM W.44381, MI QLD 2376, Lizard Island area; C. Same in lateral view. Scale bars: A–C = 0.4 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1F0AB4178922FFB9DF9D936CFC746647" blockId="22.[151,1437,1290,2035]" pageId="22" pageNumber="400">
Nuchal organ with short median and long lateral ciliary bands; median ciliary band laterally from the posterior part of prostomium, turning medial at its posterior tip, extending to end of chaetiger 2 (
<figureCitation id="878EA8928922FFB9DB259348FB656567" box="[1151,1222,1326,1351]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1140,1162]" captionTargetBox="[151,1411,180,1110]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1411,180,1110]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 8. Microspio granulata Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978: Example for pigmentation pattern. A. Holotype fixed in formalin, dorsal view of anterior part, NMV F 42947, type locality in NSW, Australia; B. Specimen fixed in formalin, anterior end, dorsal view, AM W. 44381, MI QLD 2376, Lizard Island area; C. Same in lateral view. Scale bars: A – C = 0.4 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234239/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="400">Figs 8</figureCitation>
A, 9A, B 10A, B); lateral ciliary band starting near palps, from there first turning outwards then inwards again, by that surrounding tcb on chaetiger 2, extending to end of chaetiger 3 (
<figureCitation id="878EA8928922FFB9DDF19310FD5365AF" box="[683,752,1398,1423]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1140,1162]" captionTargetBox="[151,1411,180,1110]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1411,180,1110]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 8. Microspio granulata Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978: Example for pigmentation pattern. A. Holotype fixed in formalin, dorsal view of anterior part, NMV F 42947, type locality in NSW, Australia; B. Specimen fixed in formalin, anterior end, dorsal view, AM W. 44381, MI QLD 2376, Lizard Island area; C. Same in lateral view. Scale bars: A – C = 0.4 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234239/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="400">Figs 8</figureCitation>
A, 9A, B, 10A); long lateral ciliary band rather distinct, short median ciliary band only visible in well preserved specimens (SEM or methyl green staining required, but easily observed in large specimen from 
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB58922FFB9DD7893D9FDF165F7" box="[546,594,1471,1495]" pageId="22" pageNumber="400">type</typeStatus>
material). Metameric dorsal ciliated organs present from chaetiger 3 to chaetiger 20 at maximum (usually to chaetigers 13–15), in between tcb´s of subsequent chaetigers (
<figureCitation id="878EA8928922FFB9DA5D9384FAED65DB" box="[1287,1358,1506,1531]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1140,1162]" captionTargetBox="[151,1411,180,1110]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1411,180,1110]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 8. Microspio granulata Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978: Example for pigmentation pattern. A. Holotype fixed in formalin, dorsal view of anterior part, NMV F 42947, type locality in NSW, Australia; B. Specimen fixed in formalin, anterior end, dorsal view, AM W. 44381, MI QLD 2376, Lizard Island area; C. Same in lateral view. Scale bars: A – C = 0.4 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234239/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="400">Figs 8</figureCitation>
A, 9A, 10A); one pair of single comma-shaped ciliary bands per chaetiger, first ciliary bands short then getting longer and more straight (Fig. 10E), eventually covering entire distance between tcb´s of subsequent chaetigers. Pronounced ciliation on all tcb´s and at the inner margin of branchiae (Fig. 10A, C, E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0AB4178922FFB9DF9D9014FE3966D7" blockId="22.[151,1437,1290,2035]" pageId="22" pageNumber="400">
Ventral epidermal glands present from about chaetiger 3 to posterior middle body region; two pairs of glands per chaetiger: median pair slightly posteriorly to centerline on ventral side of respective chaetiger, second pair laterally to median pair directly at centerline of the chaetiger (
<figureCitation id="878EA8928922FFB9DC2C90DCFC6B66F3" box="[886,968,1722,1747]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1201,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,1201,1700]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 11. Microspio granulata Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978: Studies on the ventral epidermal glands (VEGs). A. Methyl green staining pattern, anterior end, ventral surface of anterior chaetigers (arrows point at white dots being the location of the VEGs), AM W. 44381, MI QLD 2376; B. SEM image, anterior end, ventral surface of anterior chaetigers (arrows point at gland openings), AM W. 44016, MI QLD 2340; C. Cross section of glandophorous chaetiger (arrows point at two VEGs), AM W. 44018, MI QLD 2340. Abbreviations: coe = coelomic cavity, cu = cuticle, ep = epidermis, ltm = longitudinal musculature, mg = mid gut, sc = secretion cell, vnc = ventral nerve cord. Scale bars: A, B = 100 µm, C = 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234240/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="400">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
A–C) (best observed with SEM or after methyl green staining).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0AB4178922FFB9DF9D9164FC7F67D3" blockId="22.[151,1437,1290,2035]" pageId="22" pageNumber="400">
Branchiae from chaetiger 2, present throughout body except 5–9 posteriormost chaetigers (
<figureCitation id="878EA8928922FFB9DBBB9164FA8A673B" box="[1249,1321,1794,1819]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1140,1162]" captionTargetBox="[151,1411,180,1110]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1411,180,1110]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 8. Microspio granulata Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978: Example for pigmentation pattern. A. Holotype fixed in formalin, dorsal view of anterior part, NMV F 42947, type locality in NSW, Australia; B. Specimen fixed in formalin, anterior end, dorsal view, AM W. 44381, MI QLD 2376, Lizard Island area; C. Same in lateral view. Scale bars: A – C = 0.4 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234239/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="400">Figs 8</figureCitation>
A, 9A, C, 10A, C, D, E); first pair of branchiae as long as those on following chaetiger (
<figureCitation id="878EA8928922FFB9DB5C9140FBED671F" box="[1030,1102,1830,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1140,1162]" captionTargetBox="[151,1411,180,1110]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1411,180,1110]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 8. Microspio granulata Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978: Example for pigmentation pattern. A. Holotype fixed in formalin, dorsal view of anterior part, NMV F 42947, type locality in NSW, Australia; B. Specimen fixed in formalin, anterior end, dorsal view, AM W. 44381, MI QLD 2376, Lizard Island area; C. Same in lateral view. Scale bars: A – C = 0.4 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234239/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="400">Figs 8</figureCitation>
C, 9A, C, 10A), only in small specimens about half length of second pair of branchiae; branchiae on chaetigers 2(3)–5(6, 7) longest and most robust, nearly reaching midline dorsally; from about chaetigers 6–9 branchiae also long but more slender; in midbody region about half as long as longest anterior branchiae, continuously decreasing in length towards end of body, in last three to four branchiate chaetigers considerately decreasing in length (Fig. 10D); branchiae free, cirriform and distally rounded (Fig. 9F–J), with long cilia on inner margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0AB4178923FFB8DFCD916FFDB167CF" blockId="23.[151,1436,1801,2031]" pageId="23" pageNumber="401">
<emphasis id="2DC168058923FFB8DFCD916FFEB1673E" bold="true" box="[151,274,1801,1823]" pageId="23" pageNumber="401">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF948923FFB8DE43916CFD4A673F" authority="Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978" authorityName="Blake &amp; Kudenov" authorityYear="1978" box="[281,745,1801,1823]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="23" pageNumber="401" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="granulata">
<emphasis id="2DC168058923FFB8DE43916CFE49673F" box="[281,490,1801,1823]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="401">Microspio granulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E68923FFB8DEAB916FFD4A673F" author="Blake" box="[497,745,1801,1823]" pageId="23" pageNumber="401" refString="Blake, J. A. &amp; Kudenov, J. D. (1978) The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 39, 171 - 280." type="journal article" year="1978">Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, AM W.44018, MI QLD 2340 (A, C); AM W.44016, MI QLD 2340 (B); AM W.43927, MI QLD 2340 (D–J). A. Anterior end, dorsal view, palps removed; B. Close-up of anterior end, dorsaloblique view with focus on nuchal organ and first chaetiger, chosen view improves observation of small rounded prechaetal lobe in neuropodium; C. Anterior end, lateral view, palps removed; D. Tridentate neuropodial hook from 9th chaetiger; E. Anterior notochaetae from 2nd chaetiger; F. Parapodium from 2nd chaetiger, anterior view; G. Same from 5th chaetiger; H. Same from 9th chaetiger; I. Same from 17th chaetiger; J. Same from 9th last chaetiger being last branchiate chaetiger. Scale bars: A–C = 500 µm, D, E = 10 µm, F–J = 50 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0AB417892CFFB7DFCD908CFD5767CB" blockId="24.[151,1436,1770,2027]" pageId="24" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892CFFB7DFCD908CFEBC66DF" bold="true" box="[151,287,1770,1792]" pageId="24" pageNumber="402">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892CFFB7DE7F908DFD506720" authority="Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978" authorityName="Blake &amp; Kudenov" authorityYear="1978" box="[293,755,1770,1792]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="24" pageNumber="402" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="granulata">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892CFFB7DE7F908DFE556720" box="[293,502,1770,1792]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="402">Microspio granulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E6892CFFB7DEA6908CFD506720" author="Blake" box="[508,755,1770,1792]" pageId="24" pageNumber="402" refString="Blake, J. A. &amp; Kudenov, J. D. (1978) The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 39, 171 - 280." type="journal article" year="1978">Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, AM W.44016, MI QLD 2340 (A–F); AM W.43927, MI QLD 2340 (G). A. Anterior end, dorsal view (labels refer to ciliary bands of the nuchal organ); B. Anterior end, antero-dorsal view with focus on indented anterior margin of the prostomium and on the first parapodium (label refers to the neuropodium, arrows point at lobes dorsally to neuropodial chaetae); C. Chaetigers 1–3, left side, lateral view (arrows point at lobes dorsally to neuropodial chaetae); D. Posterior chaetigers with second last and last branchiate parapodia (branchiae indicated by arrows), left side, lateral oblique view; E. Chaetigers 12–16, dorsal view; F. Pygidium, lateral oblique view; G. Tridentate hooded hooks from 9th last chaetiger. Abbreviations: lb = lateral band (nuchal organ), mb = median band (nuchal organ), ne = neuropodial postchaetal lamella. Scale bars: A–F = 100 µm, G = 10 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0AB417892DFFB6DF9D96F1FB5161A8" blockId="25.[151,1436,151,1149]" pageId="25" pageNumber="403">First parapodium slightly shifted dorsally; neuropodium well developed; notopodium reduced without notochaetae (Figs 9A–C, 10 B, C); small rounded lamella present dorsally to neuropodium and additional dorsal lobe present in vicinity to lateral band of nuchal organ (Figs 9A, B, 10B, C) (see remarks). Notopodial postchaetal lamellae on anterior chaetigers subtriangular, slightly rounded at base (Fig. 9F, G); slightly decreasing in size along body (Figs 9H, I); in posterior chaetigers long triangular to almost cirriform (Fig. 9J). Neuropodial postchaetal lamellae low and rounded; in anteriormost chaetigers as long as chaetal row, in mid-body region longer than chaetal row; in posteriormost chaetigers shorter again (Figs 9F–J, 10C). Prechaetal lamellae absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0AB417892DFFB6DF9D97F2FAD56334" blockId="25.[151,1436,151,1149]" pageId="25" pageNumber="403">
Notopodial chaetae all capillaries; arranged in two distinct rows in anterior and middle chaetigers (Fig. 10C), in posterior chaetigers no longer arranged in distinct rows; anterior row of chaetae shorter and stouter than chaetae in posterior row (Fig. 10C), chaetae granulated with narrow sheath (Fig. 9E); otherwise chaetae smooth with very narrow sheaths; additional superior fascicle of long capillaries present. Neuropodia with rows of capillaries and hooded hooks as well as sabre chaetae in inferior position; capillaries of anterior neuropodia arranged in two rows, short, stout and distinctly granulated capillaries in anterior row, long, smooth, alimbate capillaries in posterior row; in middle chaetigers neuropodial capillaries of about same length; 3–5 tridentate hooded hooks replacing posterior row of capillaries from chaetiger 9; main fang with apical tooth and additional small uppermost tooth, uppermost tooth best seen in posterior parapodia (Figs 9D, 10G); hooks accompanied by anterior row of thin alimbate capillaries (Fig. 10D); few smooth, long capillaries in inferiormost position usually present before hooks start, hook-bearing chaetigers with one or two stout, distally granulated sabre chaetae with narrow sheath (Fig. 
<date id="6B0B92D7892DFFB6DA6C949AFAEC6334" box="[1334,1359,764,788]" pageId="25" pageNumber="403">9I</date>
, J).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0AB417892DFFB6DF9D9579FCB763A0" blockId="25.[151,1436,151,1149]" pageId="25" pageNumber="403">Pygidium with four cirriform anal cirri, in adult specimens of about equal size, in younger specimens dorsal pair sometimes slender or slightly longer; dorsolaterally attached pair pointing to dorsal direction; ventrolaterally attached pair pointing laterally; anus terminal (Fig. 10F).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0AB417892DFFB6DF9D95EAFEDC6430" blockId="25.[151,1436,151,1149]" pageId="25" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892DFFB6DF9D95EAFECD6385" bold="true" box="[199,366,908,933]" pageId="25" pageNumber="403">Pigmentation.</emphasis>
Formalin and ethanol fixed specimens with orange-brownish stripe across peristomium and prostomium (
<figureCitation id="878EA892892DFFB6DE6A95C9FED763E8" box="[304,372,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1140,1162]" captionTargetBox="[151,1411,180,1110]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1411,180,1110]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 8. Microspio granulata Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978: Example for pigmentation pattern. A. Holotype fixed in formalin, dorsal view of anterior part, NMV F 42947, type locality in NSW, Australia; B. Specimen fixed in formalin, anterior end, dorsal view, AM W. 44381, MI QLD 2376, Lizard Island area; C. Same in lateral view. Scale bars: A – C = 0.4 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234239/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="403">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
A–C); in addition some pigment of the same colour anteriorly to tcb´s of chaetigers 3 and 4 (
<figureCitation id="878EA892892DFFB6DFC595B2FF4663CC" box="[159,229,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1140,1162]" captionTargetBox="[151,1411,180,1110]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1411,180,1110]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 8. Microspio granulata Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978: Example for pigmentation pattern. A. Holotype fixed in formalin, dorsal view of anterior part, NMV F 42947, type locality in NSW, Australia; B. Specimen fixed in formalin, anterior end, dorsal view, AM W. 44381, MI QLD 2376, Lizard Island area; C. Same in lateral view. Scale bars: A – C = 0.4 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234239/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="403">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
B); in heavily pigmented specimens pigment present anteriorly and posteriorly to tcb´s of some anterior chaetigers (
<figureCitation id="878EA892892DFFB6DE429591FEF96430" box="[280,346,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1140,1162]" captionTargetBox="[151,1411,180,1110]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1411,180,1110]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 8. Microspio granulata Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978: Example for pigmentation pattern. A. Holotype fixed in formalin, dorsal view of anterior part, NMV F 42947, type locality in NSW, Australia; B. Specimen fixed in formalin, anterior end, dorsal view, AM W. 44381, MI QLD 2376, Lizard Island area; C. Same in lateral view. Scale bars: A – C = 0.4 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234239/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="403">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
A).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0AB417892DFFB6DF9D927AFB8F645C" blockId="25.[151,1436,151,1149]" pageId="25" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892DFFB6DF9D927AFD906415" bold="true" box="[199,563,1052,1077]" pageId="25" pageNumber="403">Methyl green staining pattern.</emphasis>
Inconspicuous. Branchiae, anterior half of prostomium and peristomium, and postchaetal lamellae most intensely stained. Ventral epidermal glands visible as four white dots on a bluish background on the ventral side of anterior and middle body chaetigers (
<figureCitation id="878EA892892DFFB6DCE29202FBA4645C" box="[952,1031,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1201,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,1201,1700]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 11. Microspio granulata Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978: Studies on the ventral epidermal glands (VEGs). A. Methyl green staining pattern, anterior end, ventral surface of anterior chaetigers (arrows point at white dots being the location of the VEGs), AM W. 44381, MI QLD 2376; B. SEM image, anterior end, ventral surface of anterior chaetigers (arrows point at gland openings), AM W. 44016, MI QLD 2340; C. Cross section of glandophorous chaetiger (arrows point at two VEGs), AM W. 44018, MI QLD 2340. Abbreviations: coe = coelomic cavity, cu = cuticle, ep = epidermis, ltm = longitudinal musculature, mg = mid gut, sc = secretion cell, vnc = ventral nerve cord. Scale bars: A, B = 100 µm, C = 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234240/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="403">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
A).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="4BCAE49F892DFFB6DFCD90DCFB206749" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234240/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="403" targetBox="[151,1436,1201,1700]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="1F0AB417892DFFB6DFCD90DCFB206749" blockId="25.[151,1436,1722,1897]" pageId="25" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892DFFB6DFCD90DCFEBD66EF" bold="true" box="[151,286,1722,1744]" pageId="25" pageNumber="403">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892DFFB6DE4490DDFD5166F0" authority="Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978" authorityName="Blake &amp; Kudenov" authorityYear="1978" box="[286,754,1722,1744]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="25" pageNumber="403" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="granulata">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892DFFB6DE4490DDFE5366F0" box="[286,496,1722,1744]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="403">Microspio granulata</emphasis>
Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978
</taxonomicName>
: Studies on the ventral epidermal glands (VEGs). A. Methyl green staining pattern, anterior end, ventral surface of anterior chaetigers (arrows point at white dots being the location of the VEGs), AM W.44381, MI QLD 2376; B. SEM image, anterior end, ventral surface of anterior chaetigers (arrows point at gland openings), AM W.44016, MI QLD 2340; C. Cross section of glandophorous chaetiger (arrows point at two VEGs), AM W.44018, MI QLD 2340. Abbreviations: coe = coelomic cavity, cu = cuticle, ep = epidermis, ltm = longitudinal musculature, mg = mid gut, sc = secretion cell, vnc = ventral nerve cord. Scale bars: A, B = 100 µm, C = 20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="57AFE79C892EFFB4DF9D96F1FDCD65BC" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="405" pageId="26" pageNumber="404" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="1F0AB417892EFFB5DF9D96F1FB016145" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892EFFB5DF9D96F1FE986090" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892EFFB5DE1996FFFD8E6090" box="[323,557,151,176]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="26" pageNumber="404" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="granulata">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892EFFB5DE1996FFFD8E6090" box="[323,557,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">Microspio granulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by 
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E6892EFFB5DC5B96F1FB806090" author="Blake" box="[769,1059,151,176]" pageId="26" pageNumber="404" refString="Blake, J. A. &amp; Kudenov, J. D. (1978) The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 39, 171 - 280." type="journal article" year="1978">Blake &amp; Kudenov (1978)</bibRefCitation>
based on material from the New South 
<collectingCountry id="67A2F487892EFFB5DFB996DAFE8460F5" box="[227,295,188,213]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">Wales</collectingCountry>
coast near Sydney. Examination of specimens collected in the Lizard Island area revealed minor differences to the original description. After examination of the 
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB5892EFFB5DCDF9686FC1660D8" box="[901,949,224,248]" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">type</typeStatus>
material it could be concluded that some observed deviations are partially explained by the different sizes of specimens (the Lizard Island specimens are considerably smaller than the 
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB5892EFFB5DEB1974EFDB86160" box="[491,539,296,320]" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">type</typeStatus>
specimens). Other discrepancies might be attributed to imprecise observations. Information about additional characters is now provided in the amended species description.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0AB417892EFFB5DF9D9709FCA6645D" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">
Fully grown specimens exhibit a distinct occipital papilla which is not present in smaller specimens, a merely slight elevation can be observed instead in the smaller specimens from Lizard Island. The 
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB5892EFFB5DBDD97F3FB14618D" box="[1159,1207,405,429]" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">type</typeStatus>
specimens are more heavily pigmented than the specimens collected around Lizard Island (
<figureCitation id="878EA892892EFFB5DCE897D1FC5461F0" box="[946,1015,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1140,1162]" captionTargetBox="[151,1411,180,1110]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1411,180,1110]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 8. Microspio granulata Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978: Example for pigmentation pattern. A. Holotype fixed in formalin, dorsal view of anterior part, NMV F 42947, type locality in NSW, Australia; B. Specimen fixed in formalin, anterior end, dorsal view, AM W. 44381, MI QLD 2376, Lizard Island area; C. Same in lateral view. Scale bars: A – C = 0.4 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234239/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). The ciliation of branchiae and tcb´s is less pronounced in the 
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB5892EFFB5DEEE97BBFE4761D5" box="[436,484,477,501]" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">type</typeStatus>
material compared to the Lizard Island material. 
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E6892EFFB5DB4B97BAFA8C61D4" author="Blake" box="[1041,1327,476,501]" pageId="26" pageNumber="404" refString="Blake, J. A. &amp; Kudenov, J. D. (1978) The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 39, 171 - 280." type="journal article" year="1978">Blake &amp; Kudenov (1978)</bibRefCitation>
observed “... a transverse hood reminiscent of dorsal collars seen in genus 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892EFFB5DCC09799FBB46238" box="[922,1047,511,536]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Streblospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="26" pageNumber="404" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892EFFB5DCC09799FBB46238" box="[922,1047,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">Streblospio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
present posterior to prostomium, surrounded laterally and posteriorly by curved nuchal grooves”. It is likely that this observation of a hood by 
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E6892EFFB5DA019442FE606240" author="Blake" pageId="26" pageNumber="404" refString="Blake, J. A. &amp; Kudenov, J. D. (1978) The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 39, 171 - 280." type="journal article" year="1978">Blake &amp; Kudenov (1978: fig. 30)</bibRefCitation>
was actually the tcb with long cilia on the second chaetiger and the ciliated bands of the nuchal organ in immediate vicinity. The nuchal organ of 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892EFFB5DC57940BFC0262A5" box="[781,929,620,645]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="26" pageNumber="404" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="granulata">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892EFFB5DC57940BFC0262A5" box="[781,929,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">M. granulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is in good agreement with the general pattern typical for many 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892EFFB5DE0D94F6FE2B6287" box="[343,392,656,679]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="26" pageNumber="404" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892EFFB5DE0D94F6FE2B6287" box="[343,392,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">Spio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892EFFB5DEF594F7FD826288" box="[431,545,657,680]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="26" pageNumber="404" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892EFFB5DEF594F7FD826288" box="[431,545,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">Microspio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in consisting of a short median ciliated band and a longer curved or recurved lateral ciliated band. The metameric dorsal ciliated organs of 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892EFFB5DCCF94D3FB8A62ED" box="[917,1065,692,717]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="26" pageNumber="404" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="granulata">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892EFFB5DCCF94D3FB8A62ED" box="[917,1065,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">M. granulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are described for the first time in the present study. The presence of ventral epidermal glands (VEGs) was not mentioned in the original species description but two pairs of VEGs per chaetiger are present in anterior and middle chaetigers (
<figureCitation id="878EA892892EFFB5DB88949AFA866334" box="[1234,1317,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1201,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,1201,1700]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 11. Microspio granulata Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978: Studies on the ventral epidermal glands (VEGs). A. Methyl green staining pattern, anterior end, ventral surface of anterior chaetigers (arrows point at white dots being the location of the VEGs), AM W. 44381, MI QLD 2376; B. SEM image, anterior end, ventral surface of anterior chaetigers (arrows point at gland openings), AM W. 44016, MI QLD 2340; C. Cross section of glandophorous chaetiger (arrows point at two VEGs), AM W. 44018, MI QLD 2340. Abbreviations: coe = coelomic cavity, cu = cuticle, ep = epidermis, ltm = longitudinal musculature, mg = mid gut, sc = secretion cell, vnc = ventral nerve cord. Scale bars: A, B = 100 µm, C = 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234240/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E6892EFFB5DA66949AFEF26318" author="Blake" pageId="26" pageNumber="404" refString="Blake, J. A. &amp; Kudenov, J. D. (1978) The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 39, 171 - 280." type="journal article" year="1978">Blake &amp; Kudenov (1978)</bibRefCitation>
observed the presence of genital pouches from chaetiger 12, decreasing in size to chaetiger 29. Though this character was illustrated in the original species description it could not unambiguously be identified while examining material from Lizard Island or in the 
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB5892EFFB5DC5D950EFC9463A0" box="[775,823,872,896]" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">type</typeStatus>
material. Instead the 
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB5892EFFB5DB6A950EFBC363A0" box="[1072,1120,872,896]" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">type</typeStatus>
specimens exhibited lateral openings in form of vertical slits in the body wall from chaetiger 12. Gametes could be detected in both, the 
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB5892EFFB5DA3695EBFA3F6385" box="[1388,1436,909,933]" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">type</typeStatus>
specimens and in the recently collected Lizard Island specimens, in the latter lateral openings were absent. Genital pouches in terms of ventrolateral intersegmental pouches present in other spionid genera could not be observed in 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892EFFB5DFCD959FFE896430" box="[151,298,1015,1040]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="26" pageNumber="404" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="granulata">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892EFFB5DFCD959FFE896430" box="[151,298,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">M. granulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E6892EFFB5DE6D9591FDF06430" author="Blake" box="[311,595,1015,1040]" pageId="26" pageNumber="404" refString="Blake, J. A. &amp; Kudenov, J. D. (1978) The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 39, 171 - 280." type="journal article" year="1978">Blake &amp; Kudenov (1978)</bibRefCitation>
state 8–9 neuropodial hooks to occur per fascicle from chaetiger 9 whereas 3–5 hooks were present in the Lizard Island specimens and 5–6 hooks were observed by us in the larger 
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB5892EFFB5DA36927BFA3F6415" box="[1388,1436,1053,1077]" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">type</typeStatus>
specimens. Since complete specimens were among specimens recently collected on Lizard Island information on the pygidium could be added to the species description.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0AB417892EFFB4DF9D92E1FEB361A7" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1437,151,1472]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="405" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">
The probably most important discovery, as it is also important for e.g., species delimitation, concerns the first chaetiger. 
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E6892EFFB5DE5792CAFD9564E4" author="Blake" box="[269,566,1196,1221]" pageId="26" pageNumber="404" refString="Blake, J. A. &amp; Kudenov, J. D. (1978) The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 39, 171 - 280." type="journal article" year="1978">Blake &amp; Kudenov (1978)</bibRefCitation>
described the first chaetiger as “reduced, with small digitiform notopodial lamellae shifted dorsally, lacking notosetae...”. We partially agree with this view: the first chaetiger is reduced, the neuropodial ramus is fully developed whereas the notochaetae are absent. However, the problem is that not only one lobe or lamella which could be attributed to the notopodial ramus is present dorsally to the neuropodium but two (Figs 10B, C). The lamella directly dorsally to the neuropodium is not easy to detect with light microscopy since it nestles in immediate vicinity of the neuropodial chaetae (Fig. 10C). The more dorsally positioned lobe is in comparison more distinct after methyl green staining. An associated ciliated tuft could be detected by means of SEM (Fig. 10B). The interpretation of this arrangement is not straightforward. The lamella directly above the neuropodium might be the notopodial lamella whereas the dorsalmost lobe could be interpreted as a branchial remnant (this view perhaps corroborated by the presence of the tuft of cilia being either part of the branchial ciliation or the transverse ciliated band usually starting next to the branchiae). This hypothesis would question the currently accepted generic diagnosis of 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892EFFB5DD0F905FFD646670" box="[597,711,1593,1616]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="26" pageNumber="404" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892EFFB5DD0F905FFD646670" box="[597,711,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">Microspio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that states that branchiae start on chaetiger 2. Detailed anatomic studies might shed light on this problem which currently is unresolved. However, the presence of the two lobes or lamellae helps differentiating between 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892EFFB5DD0C90E7FD4D66B8" box="[598,750,1663,1688]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="26" pageNumber="404" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="granulata">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892EFFB5DD0C90E7FD4D66B8" box="[598,750,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">M. granulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the morphologically very similar 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892EFFB5DBF790E7FE9D669C" authority="Dorsey, 1977" authorityName="Dorsey" authorityYear="1977" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="26" pageNumber="404" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="microcera">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892EFFB5DBF790E7FA3F66B8" box="[1197,1436,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">Microspio microcera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E6892EFFB5DFC490C2FE95669C" author="Dorsey" box="[158,310,1700,1724]" pageId="26" pageNumber="404" refString="Dorsey, J. H. (1977) A new species of Rhynchospio (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from San Clemente Island, California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 76, 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1977">Dorsey, 1977</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from the Eastern Pacific Ocean. In 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892EFFB5DD9790C3FCC7669C" box="[717,868,1701,1724]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="26" pageNumber="404" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="microcera">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892EFFB5DD9790C3FCC7669C" box="[717,868,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">M. microcera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a single lobe dorsally to the neuropodium is easily detected after methyl green staining. The presence of this lobe is not mentioned in the original description (
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E6892EFFB5DA1390AEFF736724" author="Dorsey" pageId="26" pageNumber="404" refString="Dorsey, J. H. (1977) A new species of Rhynchospio (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from San Clemente Island, California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 76, 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1977">Dorsey 1977</bibRefCitation>
) but has been illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E6892EFFB5DD67908AFCA76724" author="Maciolek" box="[573,772,1772,1797]" pageId="26" pageNumber="404" refString="Maciolek, N. J. (1990) A redescription of some species belonging to the genera Spio and Microspio (Polychaeta: Annelida) and descriptions of three new species from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Natural History, 24, 1109 - 1141. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939000770701" type="journal article" year="1990">Maciolek (1990)</bibRefCitation>
. After examination of the 
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB5892EFFB5DB09908BFB206725" box="[1107,1155,1773,1797]" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">type</typeStatus>
material the following information on 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892EFFB5DE139177FE416708" box="[329,482,1809,1832]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="26" pageNumber="404" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="microcera">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892EFFB5DE139177FE416708" box="[329,482,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">M. microcera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be added: the nuchal organ is as described for 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892EFFB5DB689177FB646708" box="[1074,1223,1807,1832]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="26" pageNumber="404" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="granulata">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892EFFB5DB689177FB646708" box="[1074,1223,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">M. granulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; metameric dorsal ciliated organs as one pair of single comma-shaped ciliary bands per chaetiger present from chaetiger 3 to about chaetiger 15; first branchiae on chaetiger 2, about half or two thirds the length of the second pair of branchiae on chaetiger 3, branchiae on chaetigers 3–5 most stout, in subsequent chaetigers thinner but slightly longer, branchial distribution otherwise very similar to 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892EFFB5DD6691C7FD736799" box="[572,720,1952,1977]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="26" pageNumber="404" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="granulata">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892EFFB5DD6691C7FD736799" box="[572,720,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="404">M. granulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; two pairs of ventral epidermal glands depictable as large white dots after methyl green staining until about chaetiger 11; sabre chaetae present in all hook-bearing chaetigers, inferior bundle of capillaries in anterior and middle chaetigers most probably present; longest 
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB5892FFFB4DB8096FEFA996090" box="[1242,1338,152,176]" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
with 28 chaetigers 
<quantity id="D84D19F2892FFFB4DE4A96DAFEC560F4" box="[272,358,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" unit="mm" value="4.7">4.7 mm</quantity>
long and 
<quantity id="D84D19F2892FFFB4DE8D96DAFD8E60F4" box="[471,557,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
wide, with eggs. In conclusion, 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892FFFB4DCC196DBFB9160F4" box="[923,1074,189,212]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="microcera">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892FFFB4DCC196DBFB9160F4" box="[923,1074,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">M. microcera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically very similar to 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892FFFB4DFEE9687FEEB60D8" box="[180,328,223,248]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="granulata">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892FFFB4DFEE9687FEEB60D8" box="[180,328,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">M. granulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but can be distinguished by the presence of only one lobe dorsally to the neuropodium in the first chaetiger instead of two lobes; also, in 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892FFFB4DD029763FD52613C" box="[600,753,261,284]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="microcera">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892FFFB4DD029763FD52613C" box="[600,753,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">M. microcera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the first branchiae are always considerably shorter than the second pair of branchiae whereas they are of about the same length in 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892FFFB4DC80974FFBD26160" box="[986,1137,295,320]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="granulata">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892FFFB4DC80974FFBD26160" box="[986,1137,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">M. granulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; mature specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892FFFB4DA27974FFEA56145" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="granulata">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892FFFB4DA27974FFEA56145" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">M. granulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibit an occipital papilla which is not distinct in smaller specimens of this species and is absent in 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892FFFB4DA27972BFEAA61A8" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="microcera">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892FFFB4DA27972BFEAA61A8" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">M. microcera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0AB417892FFFB4DF9D97F2FB546480" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">
Another morphologically similar species is 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892FFFB4DD9E97F3FB20618D" authority="Hartmann-Schroder, 1962" authorityName="Hartmann-Schroder" authorityYear="1962" box="[708,1155,404,429]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892FFFB4DD9E97F3FC98618C" box="[708,827,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">M. minuta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E6892FFFB4DC1797F2FBD9618D" author="Hartmann-Schroder" box="[845,1146,404,429]" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1962) Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der chilenischen Pazifikkuste und der argentinischen Kuste Sudpatagoniens unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychchaeten und Ostracoden. Teil 2. Die Polychaeten des Eulitorals. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen zoologischen Museum und Institut, 60 (Supplement Volume), 57 - 167." type="journal article" year="1962">Hartmann-Schröder, 1962</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Unfortunately, the 
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB5892FFFB4DA3697F3FA3F618D" box="[1388,1436,405,429]" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">type</typeStatus>
material is not in good condition and important characters like the shape of nuchal organs, the metameric dorsal ciliated organs, ventral epidermal glands or the first chaetiger cannot be observed. The general habitus of the species, however, is in very good agreement with 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892FFFB4DD969467FCC76238" box="[716,868,513,536]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="microcera">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892FFFB4DD969467FCC76238" box="[716,868,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">M. microcera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Also details from the original species description (in 
<collectingCountry id="67A2F487892FFFB4DFE79442FEB4621C" box="[189,279,548,572]" name="Germany" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">German</collectingCountry>
language) imply great morphological similarity between the two species: small size (
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB5892FFFB4DB819442FA9C621D" box="[1243,1343,548,573]" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
with 26 chaetigers 
<quantity id="D84D19F2892FFFB4DE4F9421FED2627F" box="[277,369,583,608]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
long), prostomium distinctly bifid, caruncle not conspicuous; branchiae from chaetiger 2 throughout the body, ciliated, cirriform, free from notopodial lamellae except at the base, first five pairs of branchiae distinctly longer than posterior branchiae, decreasing in length continously within a short distance; notopodial postchaetal lamellae ovate to tongue-shaped, neuropodial postchaetal lamellae broadly rounded; all parapodia with granulated capillaries with broad sheaths, notochaetae longer than neurochaetae, capillaries in posterior chaetigers shorter, more slender and less numerous; neuropodial bidentate hooded hooks from chaetiger 9, usually 2–3, maximally 4 per fascicle, accompanied by simple capillaries; pygidium with four cirri of equal length. 
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E6892FFFB4DFB19522FEDE637C" author="Blake" box="[235,381,836,861]" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" refString="Blake, J. A. (1983) Polychaetes of the family Spionidae from South America, Antarctica, and adjacent seas and islands. Biology of the Antarctic Seas XIV, 39, 205 - 288. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1029 / AR 039 p 0205" type="journal article" year="1983">Blake (1983)</bibRefCitation>
presents an emended description of 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892FFFB4DC4F9523FC2A637C" box="[789,905,837,860]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892FFFB4DC4F9523FC2A637C" box="[789,905,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">M. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
providing information on the presence of sabre chaetae in hook-bearing chaetigers, on the tridentate nature of neuropodial hooks, on the nuchal organs and the metameric dorsal ciliated organs, the two latter fitting at least partially the description of these features in 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892FFFB4DA2795EBFEAA63E8" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="microcera">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892FFFB4DA2795EBFEAA63E8" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">M. microcera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The only reliable distinguishing character between 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892FFFB4DC2695D7FC5763E8" box="[892,1012,945,968]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892FFFB4DC2695D7FC5763E8" box="[892,1012,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">M. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892FFFB4DB6C95D7FB7063E8" box="[1078,1235,945,968]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="microcera">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892FFFB4DB6C95D7FB7063E8" box="[1078,1235,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">M. microcera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be the complete reduction of the first notopodium in 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892FFFB4DDC295B3FCA863CC" box="[664,779,981,1004]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892FFFB4DDC295B3FCA863CC" box="[664,779,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">M. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in contrast the notopodial lobe of the first chaetiger is still present in 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892FFFB4DE57959FFE066430" box="[269,421,1017,1040]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="microcera">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892FFFB4DE57959FFE066430" box="[269,421,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">M. microcera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Considering the fact, that this notopodial lobe is not easy to detect in these small species and has been overlooked in the past it cannot be ruled out that 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892FFFB4DC35927BFBAA6414" box="[879,1033,1053,1076]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="microcera">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892FFFB4DC35927BFBAA6414" box="[879,1033,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">M. microcera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892FFFB4DA7A927BFA366414" box="[1312,1429,1053,1076]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892FFFB4DA7A927BFA366414" box="[1312,1429,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">M. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Both species occur in the Eastern Pacific Ocean, intertidally to 
<quantity id="D84D19F2892FFFB4DC3D9226FC026477" box="[871,929,1088,1112]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
water depth, either associated with coralline algal mats (
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E6892FFFB4DE439202FE0F645C" author="Dorsey" box="[281,428,1124,1148]" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" refString="Dorsey, J. H. (1977) A new species of Rhynchospio (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from San Clemente Island, California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 76, 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1977">Dorsey 1977</bibRefCitation>
) or between rhizoids of 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892FFFB4DD9A9203FCEB645C" box="[704,840,1125,1148]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Macrocystis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892FFFB4DD9A9203FCEB645C" box="[704,840,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">Macrocystis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
washed up on the beach (
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E6892FFFB4DB369202FA33645D" author="Hartmann-Schroder" box="[1132,1424,1124,1149]" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1962) Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der chilenischen Pazifikkuste und der argentinischen Kuste Sudpatagoniens unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Polychchaeten und Ostracoden. Teil 2. Die Polychaeten des Eulitorals. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen zoologischen Museum und Institut, 60 (Supplement Volume), 57 - 167." type="journal article" year="1962">Hartmann-Schröder 1962</bibRefCitation>
). If new material becomes available for examination the validity of the two species has to be verified.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0AB417892FFFB4DF9D92CAFBBE652C" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">
Other species of 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892FFFB4DEDD92CBFE5A64E4" box="[391,505,1197,1220]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892FFFB4DEDD92CBFE5A64E4" box="[391,505,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">Microspio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with neuropodial hooks from the 9th chaetiger differ from 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892FFFB4DBC092CBFA8D64E5" box="[1178,1326,1196,1221]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="granulata">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892FFFB4DBC092CBFA8D64E5" box="[1178,1326,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">M. granulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in regard to the prostomial shape, the presence of notochaetae in chaetiger one or the branchial distribution along the body (see 
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E6892FFFB4DF919292FED4652C" author="Maciolek" box="[203,375,1268,1293]" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" refString="Maciolek, N. J. (1990) A redescription of some species belonging to the genera Spio and Microspio (Polychaeta: Annelida) and descriptions of three new species from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Natural History, 24, 1109 - 1141. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939000770701" type="journal article" year="1990">Maciolek 1990</bibRefCitation>
, Table 3, and description of 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892FFFB4DDEE9293FBB2652C" authority="Langerhans, 1880" authorityName="Langerhans" authorityYear="1880" box="[692,1041,1268,1293]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Microspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892FFFB4DDEE9293FC9E652D" box="[692,829,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">M. atlantica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E6892FFFB4DC1E9292FBB2652C" author="Langerhans" box="[836,1041,1268,1293]" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" refString="Langerhans, P. (1880) Die Wurmfauna Madeiras. II. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 33, 271 - 316." type="journal article" year="1880">Langerhans, 1880</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0AB417892FFFB4DF9D9371FDCD65BC" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892FFFB4DF9D9371FE3D6510" bold="true" box="[199,414,1303,1328]" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">Habitat / Ecology.</emphasis>
In the Lizard Island area the species occurred in the intertidal, in sand among seagrass and algae (
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892FFFB4DFB8935AFEF36575" box="[226,336,1340,1365]" class="Bryopsidophyceae" family="Halimedaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892FFFB4DFB8935AFEF36575" box="[226,336,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">Halimeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). At localities in South 
<collectingCountry id="67A2F487892FFFB4DD07935AFD676575" box="[605,708,1340,1365]" name="Australia" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">Australia</collectingCountry>
and New South 
<collectingCountry id="67A2F487892FFFB4DC25935AFC606575" box="[895,963,1340,1365]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">Wales</collectingCountry>
the species also occurred in sand, 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892FFFB4DA1C935BFA386574" box="[1350,1435,1341,1364]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zosteraceae" genus="Zostera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892FFFB4DA1C935BFA386574" box="[1350,1435,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">Zostera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sea grass beds, associated with 
<taxonomicName id="D8B5CF94892FFFB4DD539339FDD86558" box="[521,635,1375,1400]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bugulidae" genus="Halophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892FFFB4DD539339FDD86558" box="[521,635,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">Halophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see collection data 
<typeStatus id="C00E0AB5892FFFB4DC2A9307FC036559" box="[880,928,1377,1401]" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">type</typeStatus>
material), or among mussels (
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E6892FFFB4DA5C9339FE8E65BC" author="Hutchings" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" refString="Hutchings, P. &amp; Murray, A. (1984) Taxonomy of polychaetes from the Hawkesbury River and the southern estuaries of New South Wales, Australia. Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 3, 1 - 118. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0812 - 7387.3.1984.101" type="book chapter" year="1984">Hutchings &amp; Murray 1984</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="7B24C9E6892FFFB4DE6293E2FDC165BC" author="Hutchings" box="[312,610,1412,1437]" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" refString="Hutchings, P. &amp; Turvey, S. P. (1984) The Spionidae of South Australia (Annelida: Polychaeta). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 108, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1984">Hutchings &amp; Turvey 1984</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57AFE79C892FFFB4DF9D93C1FC5865E0" box="[199,1019,1447,1472]" pageId="27" pageNumber="405" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1F0AB417892FFFB4DF9D93C1FC5865E0" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,1472]" box="[199,1019,1447,1472]" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">
<emphasis id="2DC16805892FFFB4DF9D93C1FEC365E0" bold="true" box="[199,352,1447,1472]" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="67A2F487892FFFB4DE3D93C1FE7165E0" box="[359,466,1447,1472]" name="Australia" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">Australia</collectingCountry>
: Queensland, New South 
<collectingCountry id="67A2F487892FFFB4DDA993C1FC9965E0" box="[755,826,1447,1472]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">Wales</collectingCountry>
, South 
<collectingCountry id="67A2F487892FFFB4DCD793C1FC5465E0" box="[909,1015,1447,1472]" name="Australia" pageId="27" pageNumber="405">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>