3390 lines
612 KiB
XML
3390 lines
612 KiB
XML
<document id="075BA4B6663331FA246B61D82D073045" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad124" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11241174" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1716364054323" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mocho, Pedro, Escaso, Fernando, Gasulla, José M., Galobart, Àngel, Poza, Begoña, Santos-Cubedo, Andrés, Sanz, José L. & Ortega, Francisco" docDate="2024" docId="8B6A3162FFBFD677FC61D83298C17A70" docLanguage="en" docName="zlad124.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 201 (201)" docSource="https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/76af828d-3d52-3fc1-8f55-e11c3bdf1b2c/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.5:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Garumbatitan morellensis Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega 2024" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="248" masterDocId="7753491AFFB9D655FFA7DE439D5F7B34" masterDocTitle="New sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Morella (Spain) provides new insights on the evolutionary history of Iberian somphospondylan titanosauriforms" masterLastPageNumber="268" masterPageNumber="214" pageNumber="220" updateTime="1716834990022" updateUser="julia">
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<mods:title id="E5A8A1158CEEAF91B20E5071DD6B8F91">New sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Morella (Spain) provides new insights on the evolutionary history of Iberian somphospondylan titanosauriforms</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="04EEF642C9C2B8A500544F65DEB24A1B">Mocho, Pedro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9BCD6BEE7174FFAA29932EC5923EC276">Instituto Dom Luiz, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C 6, Campo Grande, 1749 - 016 Lisboa, Portugal</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C730846F04456EFA545FAFD45427C1B7">Escaso, Fernando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C30B0FAA0A017D0B6428AC144FC531B9">Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Avda. Esparta s / n, 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A0AAD4ED8B0022B651E56FF0188C04DF">Gasulla, José M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EE8F4DE8336435A819CBC29424273758">Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Avda. Esparta s / n, 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1C4D0CE13DF26E8C869768BE08476362">Galobart, Àngel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="29B28FE42F1DE3EFA67E6A8A1B8BD7C7">Institut Català de Palaeontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer Escola Industrial 23, 08201 Sabadell, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C7AA788E51F0BA0FE8A07FB7D3383E49">Poza, Begoña</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3E4E93D46990E3E3CA74FFF79746F49C">Grup Guix, C / Santa Lucia, 75, E- 12540 Vila-real, Spain & Museo de Ciencias Naturales, C / General Elio s / n, E- 46010 València, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="499AD17D2736A109A8AF22686B610F0D">Santos-Cubedo, Andrés</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E35FEC62AC59064F65490F5CCF582B33">Grup Guix, C / Santa Lucia, 75, E- 12540 Vila-real, Spain & Àrea de Cristal • lografia i Mineralogia, Departament de Biologia, Bioquímica i Ciències Naturals, Universitat Jaume I, Av / de Vicent Sos Baynat, s / n, E- 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DFAE990174AC386CFBF7480069088AD3">Sanz, José L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="331A5FAC15918D021B79B4CA3447110D">Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Avda. Esparta s / n, 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain & Unidad de Palaeontología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C / Darwin, 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain & Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, C / de Valverde, 24, 28004 Madrid, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DA6CD99281DEC8D99659B8E58B59B062">Ortega, Francisco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="22D58D8F1A541F6DA4A7767AE8B207B2">Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Avda. Esparta s / n, 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="7C0C9F547177B5E721FA1259387561AA">2024</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFBFD653FC61D83299947DB8" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[966,1227,1649,1676]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis">
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<emphasis id="31B75C66FFBFD653FC61D83299947DB8" bold="true" box="[966,1227,1649,1676]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="220">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
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spnov.
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(
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<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFBFD653FC2AD8F39EAA7DFE" box="[909,1013,1712,1738]" captionStart-0="Figure 4" captionStart-1="Figure 5" captionStart-10="Figure 14" captionStart-11="Figure 15" captionStart-12="Figure 16" captionStart-13="Figure 17" captionStart-14="Figure 18" captionStart-15="Figure 19" captionStart-16="Figure 20" captionStart-17="Figure 21" captionStart-18="Figure 22" captionStart-19="Figure 23" captionStart-2="Figure 6" captionStart-3="Figure 7" captionStart-4="Figure 8" captionStart-5="Figure 9" captionStart-6="Figure 10" captionStart-7="Figure 11" captionStart-8="Figure 12" captionStart-9="Figure 13" captionStartId-0="8.[114,179,1539,1563]" captionStartId-1="10.[114,179,1732,1756]" captionStartId-10="22.[115,180,1870,1894]" captionStartId-11="24.[115,180,990,1014]" captionStartId-12="24.[115,180,1807,1831]" captionStartId-13="25.[128,193,1926,1950]" captionStartId-14="26.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionStartId-15="27.[129,194,1841,1865]" captionStartId-16="28.[115,180,1359,1383]" captionStartId-17="29.[131,196,1401,1425]" captionStartId-18="30.[117,182,1683,1707]" captionStartId-19="31.[132,197,1357,1381]" captionStartId-2="13.[130,195,1710,1734]" captionStartId-3="14.[116,181,1786,1810]" captionStartId-4="16.[113,178,1392,1416]" captionStartId-5="17.[129,194,1103,1127]" captionStartId-6="18.[114,179,1834,1858]" captionStartId-7="19.[130,196,995,1019]" captionStartId-8="20.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionStartId-9="21.[129,194,1553,1577]" captionTargetBox-0="[115,1460,145,1510]" captionTargetBox-1="[115,1458,148,1703]" captionTargetBox-10="[116,1459,1109,1841]" captionTargetBox-11="[119,1458,144,960]" captionTargetBox-12="[119,1460,1148,1778]" captionTargetBox-13="[131,1470,916,1897]" captionTargetBox-14="[142,1430,147,1810]" captionTargetBox-15="[172,1431,148,1812]" captionTargetBox-16="[116,1461,148,1330]" captionTargetBox-17="[131,1474,146,1372]" captionTargetBox-18="[116,1460,147,1652]" captionTargetBox-19="[131,1475,147,1326]" captionTargetBox-2="[135,1477,145,1681]" captionTargetBox-3="[116,1461,659,1757]" captionTargetBox-4="[116,1454,150,1363]" captionTargetBox-5="[134,773,145,1076]" captionTargetBox-6="[114,1457,145,1802]" captionTargetBox-7="[133,1477,146,967]" captionTargetBox-8="[152,1423,147,1811]" captionTargetBox-9="[138,1469,148,1522]" captionTargetId-0="figure-132@8.[113,1460,143,1511]" captionTargetId-1="figure-8@10.[113,1460,145,1704]" captionTargetId-10="figure-592@22.[114,1461,1106,1843]" captionTargetId-11="figure-70@24.[116,1460,142,962]" captionTargetId-12="figure-145@24.[116,1460,1146,1779]" captionTargetId-13="figure-467@25.[129,1473,914,1899]" captionTargetId-14="figure-8@26.[140,1432,145,1812]" captionTargetId-15="figure-8@27.[170,1433,146,1813]" captionTargetId-16="figure-301@28.[114,1461,146,1331]" captionTargetId-17="figure-248@29.[129,1476,144,1373]" captionTargetId-18="figure-109@30.[113,1463,144,1655]" captionTargetId-19="figure-349@31.[128,1478,144,1329]" captionTargetId-2="figure-8@13.[130,1477,143,1682]" captionTargetId-3="figure-289@14.[114,1461,657,1758]" captionTargetId-4="figure-251@16.[114,1458,145,1364]" captionTargetId-5="figure-871@17.[133,773,144,1076]" captionTargetId-6="figure-7@18.[113,1460,144,1806]" captionTargetId-7="figure-536@19.[130,1477,144,968]" captionTargetId-8="figure-7@20.[149,1423,145,1812]" captionTargetId-9="figure-203@21.[129,1473,144,1525]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-10="22" captionTargetPageId-11="24" captionTargetPageId-12="24" captionTargetPageId-13="25" captionTargetPageId-14="26" captionTargetPageId-15="27" captionTargetPageId-16="28" captionTargetPageId-17="29" captionTargetPageId-18="30" captionTargetPageId-19="31" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionTargetPageId-3="14" captionTargetPageId-4="16" captionTargetPageId-5="17" captionTargetPageId-6="18" captionTargetPageId-7="19" captionTargetPageId-8="20" captionTargetPageId-9="21" captionText-0="Figure 4. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., dorsal vertebra and dorsal ribs. Dorsal vertebra SAV05-40 (holotype) in posterior (A), dorsal (B), right lateral (C), left lateral (D), and ventral (E) views. Right middle dorsal rib SAV05-046 (paratype) in posteromedial (F), lateral (N), and medial (O) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08-101 (holotype) in lateral (H) and medial (I) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08- 102 (holotype) in lateral (J) and medial (K) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08-103 (holotype) in lateral (L) and medial (M) views; right anterior dorsal rib SAV05-047 (paratype) in medial (P) and lateral (Q) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines.Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; cam, camella; cmr, camera; cr, crest; exp, expansion; gr, groove; mcr, medial crest; pcr, posterior crest; pf, pneumatic fossa; rdg, ridge. Scale bar equals 100 mm." captionText-1="Figure 5. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., anterior caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen.Anterior caudal vertebra SAV05-027 (A–F), SAV08-028 (G–L), SAV08-029 (M–R), SAV08-030 (S–X) in right lateral (A, G, M, S), anterior (B, H, N, T), left lateral (C, I, O, U), posterior (D, J, P, V), dorsal (E, K, Q, W; anterior towards right side), and ventral (F, L, R, X; anterior towards left side) views.Isolated anterior caudal neural spines SAV05-029 (Y–CC) and SAV05-030 (DD-HH) from the holotype specimen in dorsal (Y, DD), right lateral (Z, EE), anterior (AA, FF), left lateral (BB, GG), and posterior (CC, HH) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal laminae; acf, anterior chevron facet; cdr, caudal rib; f, fossa; fr, foramen; lr, lateral ridge; nc, neural canal; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal laminae; posl, postspinal lamina; prsl, prespinal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar equals 50 mm." captionText-10="Figure 14. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., tibiae from the paratype specimen.Right tibia (SAV05-032) in proximal (A), anterior (B), medial (C), posterior (D), lateral (E), and distal (F) views. Left tibia (SAV05-036) in proximal (I), anterior (G), medial (H), posterior (J), lateral (K), and distal (L) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: 2cc, second cnemial crest; aspa, articular surface for the ascending process; cc, cnemial crest; cr, crest; fia, fibular articular surface; pvp, posteroventral process.Scale bar equals 100 mm." captionText-11="Figure 15. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen.et sp. nov., fibulae from the paratype specimen. Right fibula (SAV05-033) in proximal (A), lateral (B), anterior (C), medial (D), posterior (E), and distal (F) views. Left fibula (SAV05-037) in proximal (I), lateral (G), anterior (H), medial (J), posterior (K), and distal (L) views. Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; cr, crest; lt, lateral trochanter; mli, medial lip; tia, tibial articular surface. Scale bar equals 100 mm." captionText-12="Figure 16. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen.et sp. nov., right astragalus SAV05-034 from the paratype specimen in distal (A), proximal (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), anterior (E), and medial (F) views. Abbreviations: asp, ascending process; fia, fibular articular surface; fr, foramen; tia, tibial articular surface. Scale bar equals 50 mm." captionText-13="Figure 17. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right pes of the holotype (A, B) and paratype (C, D) specimens in proximal (A, C) and dorsal (B, D) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines.Scale bar equals 50 mm." captionText-14="Figure 18. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., metatarsals from the holotype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-068.a), II (SAV05- 068.b, second row), III (SAV05-068.c, third row), IV (SAV05-068.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-068.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AC; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dlcr, dorsolateral crest; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 50 mm." captionText-15="Figure 19. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., metatarsals from the paratype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-35.a, first row), II (SAV05-035.b, second row), III (SAV05-035.c, third row), IV (SAV05-035.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-035.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 30 mm." captionText-16="Figure 20. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., pedal phalanges from the holotype specimen. Right phalanx I.1 (SAV05-068.f, first row), II.1 (SAV05-068.g, second row), III.1 and III.2 (SAV05-068.h, third row), IV.1 (SAV05-068.i, fourth row), IV.2 (SAV05-068.j fifth row) and IV.3 (SAV05-068.m, sixth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y, AE), medial (B, H, N, T, Z, AF), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA, AG), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB, AH), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC, AI; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD, AJ; dorsal towards top side) views.Abbreviations:dp, depression; fr, foramen; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle. Scale bar equals 30 mm." captionText-17="Figure 21. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., pedal phalanges from the paratype specimen. Right phalanx I.1 (SAV05-035.f, first row), II.1 (SAV05-035.g, second row), II.2 (SAV05-035.j, third row), III.2 (SAV05-038.b, fourth row), IV.1 (SAV05-035.h, fifth row), IV.2 (SAV05- 035.i, sixth row) and IV.3 (SAV05-035.m, seventh row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y, AE, AK), medial (B, H, N, T, Z, AF, AL), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA, AG, AM), lateral (D, J, P, V,AB, AH, AN), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC, AI, AO; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD, AJ, AP; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: dp, depression; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle.Scale bar equals 30 mm." captionText-18="Figure 22. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right pedal unguals I.2 (SAV05-035.k, A–E) and II.3 (SAV05-35.l, F–J) from the holotype specimen in dorsal (A, F), lateral (B, G), medial (C, H), proximal (D, I), and ventral (E, J) views.Abbreviations: dcr, dorsal crest; fr, foramen; gr, groove; pf, posterior face; tb, tuberosity. Scale bar equals 30 mm." captionText-19="Figure 23. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen.et sp. nov., right pedal unguals I.2 (SAV05-068.k, A–E) and III.3 (SAV05-068.l, F–J) from the paratype specimen in dorsal (A, F), lateral (B, G), medial (C, H), proximal (D, I), and ventral (E, J) views. Abbreviations: dcr, dorsal crest; gr, groove; pf, posterior face; tb, tuberosity. Scale bar equals 50 mm." captionText-2="Figure 6. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., anterior and middle caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen. Anterior caudal vertebra SAV05-060va in right lateral (A), anterior (B), left lateral (C), posterior (D), dorsal (E; anterior towards right side), and ventral (F; anterior towards left side) views.Middle caudal vertebra SAV05-061 in right lateral (G), anterior (H), left lateral (I), posterior (J), dorsal (K; anterior towards right side), and ventral (L; anterior towards left side) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acf, anterior chevron facet; cdr, caudal rib; f, fossa; fr, foramen; lr, lateral ridge; nc, neural canal; pcf, posterior chevron facet; posl, postspinal lamina; prsl, prespinal lamina; poz, postzygapophyseal process; prz, prezygapophyseal process; rdg, ridge; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tb, tuberosity; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina; vlr, ventrolateral ridge. Scale bar equals 50 mm." captionText-3="Figure 7. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., middle-posterior caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen. Middle-posterior caudal vertebrae SAV08-047, SAV08-048 and SAV08-049 in ventral (A; anterior towards right side), dorsal (B; anterior towards right side) and right lateral (C, D), anterior (I), and left lateral (J) views.Middle-posterior caudal vertebra SAV08-050 in dorsal (E; anterior towards left side), ventral (F; anterior towards right side), left lateral (G), and posterior (H) views.A, B, D, E, F, and J correspond to a 3D digital model. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acf, anterior chevron facet; dp, depression; lr, lateral ridge; pbu, posterior bulge; pcf, posterior chevron facet; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophyseal process; rdg, ridge; sprf, spinoprezygapophseal fossa; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina.Scale bar equals 50 mm." captionText-4="Figure 8. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., anterior chevrons from the holotype specimen.Anterior chevron SAV05-060chb (A–E), SAV05-063 (F–J), SAV05-060cha (K–O), and SAV05-060chc (P–T) in dorsal (A, F, K, P; anterior towards bottom side), anterior (B, G, L, Q), left lateral (C, H, M, R), posterior (D, I, N, S), and right lateral (E, J, O, T) views.Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; gr, groove; pcr, posterior crest; st, step. Scale bar equals 50 mm." captionText-5="Figure 9. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen.et sp. nov., interclavicle SAV05-060chb from the holotype specimen in proximal (A), anterior (B), left (C), posterior (D), and right (E) views; and crosssection (F). Missing edges indicated by dashed lines.Abbreviations: fct, facet; gr, groove; rdg, ridge; str, striation. Scale bar equals 50 mm." captionText-6="Figure 10. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., pubes from the paratype specimen. Left pubis SAV05-31b in posterior (A), lateral (B), anterior (C), and distal (E) views. Right pubis SAV05-31a in distal (D), posterior (F), and anterior (G) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Scale bar equals 50 mm." captionText-7="Figure 11. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right femur SAV05-024 from the holotype specimen in anterior (A, B*), medial (C*), posterior (D, F*) lateral (G*), and distal (E, I*) views; and cross-section of diaphysis at minimal diameter (E; anterior towards top side). *3D digital model. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: ep, epicondyle; fic, fibular condyle; lg, longitudinal groove; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; icg, intercondylar groove; icr, intercondylar ridge; plf, posterolateral fossa; tic, tibial condyle. Scale bar equals 100 mm." captionText-8="Figure 12. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., femora from the paratype specimen. Left femur SAV05-031 in proximal (A), anterior (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), lateral (E), and distal (G) views. Right femur SAV05-013 in distal (F), anterior (H), lateral (I), posterior (J) and medial (K) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: ep, epicondyle; dp, depression; fh, femoral head; fic, fibular condyle; ft, fourth trochanter; lg, longitudinal groove; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; icg, intercondylar groove; mco, medial concavity to the fourth trochanter; plf, posterolateral fossa; st, step; tic, tibial condyle; ts, trochanteric shelf. Scale bar equals 100 mm." captionText-9="Figure 13. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right tibia (SAV05-065), fibula (SAV05-064) and astragalus (SAV05-066) from the holotype specimen in proximal (A*), anterior (B*), medial (C*), posterior (D*), lateral (E*), and distal (F*) views.*3D digital model. Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; aspa, articular surface for the ascending process; cc, cnemial crest; lt, lateral trochanter; pvp, posteroventral process; tb, tuberosity; tia, tibial articular surface.Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241182" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241184" figureDoi-10="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241206" figureDoi-11="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241208" figureDoi-12="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241210" figureDoi-13="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241212" figureDoi-14="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241214" figureDoi-15="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241216" figureDoi-16="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241218" figureDoi-17="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241220" figureDoi-18="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241222" figureDoi-19="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241224" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241186" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241188" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241190" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241194" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241198" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241200" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241202" figureDoi-9="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241204" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11241182/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11241184/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/11241206/files/figure.png" httpUri-11="https://zenodo.org/record/11241208/files/figure.png" httpUri-12="https://zenodo.org/record/11241210/files/figure.png" httpUri-13="https://zenodo.org/record/11241212/files/figure.png" httpUri-14="https://zenodo.org/record/11241214/files/figure.png" httpUri-15="https://zenodo.org/record/11241216/files/figure.png" httpUri-16="https://zenodo.org/record/11241218/files/figure.png" httpUri-17="https://zenodo.org/record/11241220/files/figure.png" httpUri-18="https://zenodo.org/record/11241222/files/figure.png" httpUri-19="https://zenodo.org/record/11241224/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/11241186/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/11241188/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/11241190/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/11241194/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/11241198/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/11241200/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/11241202/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/11241204/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="220">Figs 4–23</figureCitation>
|
||
, Supporting Information, File S1)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFBFD653FC8DD8B29E8F7C1C" blockId="6.[810,1459,1776,1832]" pageId="6" pageNumber="220">
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||
Zoobank:
|
||
<uri id="77528C76FFBFD653FC2BD8B39E8F7C1C" pageId="6" pageNumber="220">
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||
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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||
<uuid id="7765BAA1FFBFD653FBDBD8B39E8F7C1C" pageId="6" pageNumber="220">2D373FD9-6A97-453C-B2EB-8D5E259876FD</uuid>
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||
</uri>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFBFD652FC8DD9069CC77988" blockId="6.[810,1460,1861,1979]" lastBlockId="7.[129,779,144,700]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="6" pageNumber="220">
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||
<materialsCitation id="B3AB8A29FFBFD652FC8DD9069CC77988" collectionCode="II, IV" collectorName="The & Sant Antoni de la Vespa" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="6" pageNumber="220" specimenCode="SAV05-021, SAV05-024" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFBFD653FC8DD9069ED87C69" box="[810,903,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFBFD653FC8DD9069EDD7C69" box="[810,898,1861,1885]" pageId="6" pageNumber="220" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectorName id="AE36E5A2FFBFD653FC2AD9069EEB7C69" box="[909,948,1861,1885]" pageId="6" pageNumber="220">The</collectorName>
|
||
largest individual found in
|
||
<collectorName id="AE36E5A2FFBFD653FB65D90698EF7C68" box="[1218,1456,1861,1885]" pageId="6" pageNumber="220">Sant Antoni de la Vespa</collectorName>
|
||
, whichcomprisesanarticulatedposteriorcervical-to-anteriordorsal vertebrae sequence (SAV08-100) and a partial dorsal centrum (SAV08-040); dorsal ribs (SAV08-101, SAV08-102, SAV08-103), anterior-to-posterior caudal vertebrae (SAV05-027, SAV05-028, SAV05-029, SAV05-030, SAV05-060va, SAV05-061, SAV08- 060-061-063-065-067-066-064-068-069-070-071, SAV08-047, SAV08-048, SAV08-049, and SAV08- 050), six chevrons (SAV05- 060chb, SAV05-063, SAV05-060cha, and SAV05-060chc, two are included in SAV08-060-061-063-065-067-066-064-068-069-070- 071), an interclavicle (SAV05-055), left (SAV05-023) and right (SAV05-024) femora, left (SAV05-025) and right (SAV05-065) tibiae, left (SAV05-026) and right fibulae (SAV05-064), right astragalus (SAV05-066), and an almost complete right pes (SAV05- 068), and left metatarsal
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FFBED652FE24DF899CCB7AD5" box="[387,404,458,481]" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">II</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="5365280FFFBED652FE03DF8A9F427AD5" box="[420,541,457,481]" collectionCode="II" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">SAV05-021</specimenCode>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FFBED652FDFCDF899F2B7AD5" box="[603,628,458,481]" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">IV</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="5365280FFFBED652FD23DF8A9E5F7AD5" box="[644,768,457,481]" collectionCode="IV" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">SAV05-024</specimenCode>
|
||
). The articulated posterior cervical-to-anterior dorsal vertebrae sequence (SAV08-100) is still unprepared, as well as other jackets with elements from the holotype, including some dorsal ribs (SAV08-30-46), nine caudal vertebrae, and two chevrons (SAV08- 060-061-063-065-067-066-064-068-069-070-071), a partial ilium (SAV08-104), left femur (SAV05-023), left tibia (SAV05-025), and left fibula (SAV05-026).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFBED652FF26DC9D9CE17860" blockId="7.[129,778,734,852]" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFBED652FF26DC9D9C3A79C2" box="[129,357,734,758]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">
|
||
Etymology:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFBED652FF5CDC9D9C3A79C2" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[251,357,734,758]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis">morellensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
refers both to the ‘Arcillas de Morella’ Formation and to the town of Morella, where some of the first dinosaur remains in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7BD4C0E4FFBED652FEECDD5F9CDB7800" box="[331,388,796,820]" name="Spain" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
were found and where the Sant Antoni de la Vespa fossil site is located.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFBED652FF26DD359C8B78F8" blockId="7.[129,777,885,972]" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFBED652FF26DD359CD278B9" box="[129,397,885,909]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">Type locality and horizon:</emphasis>
|
||
Sant Antoni de la Vespa fossil site, Morella, Castelló (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7BD4C0E4FFBED652FEE3DDD79CDB7898" box="[324,388,916,940]" name="Spain" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
), Arcillas de Morella Formation, late Barremian in age, Maestrat Basin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFBED652FF26DDAD98597A70" blockId="7.[129,778,1005,1969]" lastBlockId="7.[825,1474,144,324]" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFBED652FF26DDAD9DBA7F31" box="[129,229,1006,1029]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
The somphospondylan titanosauriform
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFBED652FDD9DDAE9DB67F10" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFBED652FDD9DDAE9DB67F10" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be diagnosed by 11 autapomorphies (marked with an asterisk), as well as eight local autapomorphies: (i) lateral pneumatic fossae in the anterior caudal centra [also shared with the somphospondylan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFBED652FEC9DA289D957F96" authority=", Poropat et al. (2020)" authorityName="Poropat" authorityYear="2020" genus="Savannasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elliottorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFBED652FEC9DA289F2E7FB6" box="[366,625,1130,1154]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">Savannasaurus elliottorum</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFBED652FDD8DA289D957F96" author="Poropat" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Poropat" pageId="7" pageNumber="221" pagination="1786836" refId="ref47508" refString="Poropat SF, Mannion PD, Upchurch P et al. Osteology of the wide-hipped titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur Savannasaurus elliottorum from the Upper Cretaceous Winton Formation of Queensland, Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2020; 40: e 1786836." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Poropat
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFBED652FD7FDA289E5B7FB6" box="[728,772,1130,1154]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]; (ii) posterior articular surface is more deeply concave than anterior one in anterior-middle caudal centra; (iii) depression near the anterior edge of the centrum and above the lateral crest in the middle-posterior caudal vertebrae*; (iv) middle-posterior caudal vertebral pedicels covered by a complex of three anteroposteriorly elongated ridges*; (v) middle-posterior caudal neural spines are expanded posteriorly, which results in lateral rounded boss*; (vi), femur with a lateral developed lateral bulge (44% of the transverse minimal width of the femoral shaft)*; (vii) the trochanteric shelf is proximolaterally-to-distolaterally oriented*; (viii) presence of a linea intermuscularis cranialis in the femoral anterior face and interrupted at its midlength; (ix) ratio of the mediolateral breadth of the tibial condyle to the breadth of the fibular condyle of the femur is 0.8 or less; (x) medial face of fibular diaphysis is concave transversely along its length, resulting in a D-shaped cross-section with a concave medial border, being bordered by two ridges (shared with some titanosaurs)*; (xi) absence of calcaneum; (xii) the metatarsals II, III, and IV are more gracile and significantly longer than the metatarsals I and V with an abrupt transition between metatarsals I and II and between metatarsals IV and V, which is well visible in dorsal view, resulting in the retraction of the most medial and lateral toes*; (xiii) metatarsal I with a tubercle on medial surface (situated at approximately midlength and equidistant from the dorsal and the ventral margins); (xiv) the proximal tip of the ventrolateral crest of the metatarsal II is laterally deflected and projected*; (xv) pronounced tuberosity near the ventromedial edge of the metatarsal V distal end; (xvi) lateral depression near the dorsolateral ridge of the distal end of pedal phalanx I.1*; (xvii) proximal surface of the phalanx II.1 has an ‘heart’-shaped outline*; (xviii) digit III with a reduced ungual (33% of the metatarsal III length)*; and (xix) loss of the pedal phalanges in the digit V.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFBED652FC9EDF259967794C" blockId="7.[825,1474,357,632]" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFBED652FC9EDF259EC77A49" box="[825,920,358,381]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFBED652FC9EDF259ECD7A49" box="[825,914,358,381]" pageId="7" pageNumber="221" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A partial skeleton comprising dorsal ribs (SAV05-046, SAV05-047), left (SAV05-031a) and right (and SAV05-031b) pubes and two almost complete hindlimbs, which include the left (SAV05-031) and right (SAV05-013) femora, the left (SAV05- 036) and right (SAV05-032) tibiae, the left (SAV05-037) and right (SAV05-033) fibulae, a right astragalus (SAV05-034), one almost complete right pes (SAV05-035.a-l and SAV05-038.b), and some elements from the left pes (SAV05-035.m, SAV05- 038.a and SAV05-038.c).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFBED652FC9EDCDA982079C4" blockId="7.[825,1474,665,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFBED652FC9EDCDA9EB67985" box="[825,1001,665,689]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">Referred material:</emphasis>
|
||
One left metatarsal I (SAV05-044), metatarsal III (SAV05-056), and metatarsal IV (SAV05-058), and one left pedal phalanx I.1 (SAV05-057.b) and I-V (SAV05-057.c).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFBED652FB99DD5D99E1780C" blockId="7.[1086,1214,798,824]" box="[1086,1214,798,824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFBED652FB99DD5D99E1780C" bold="true" box="[1086,1214,798,824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFBED652FB80DD0B998B7856" blockId="7.[1063,1236,840,866]" box="[1063,1236,840,866]" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFBED652FB80DD0B998B7856" box="[1063,1236,840,866]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">Presacral vertebra:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFBED652FC9EDD2C98297E69" blockId="7.[825,1474,879,1373]" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">
|
||
An almost complete sequence of possible posterior cervical to anterior dorsal vertebrae from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFBED652FB0DDDCD98597892" box="[1194,1286,910,934]" pageId="7" pageNumber="221" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
individual is preserved; however, these vertebrae still need to be prepared. Only a part of the posterior section of a dorsal centrum is available for study (SAV05-40,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFBED652FC52DDAF99057F30" box="[1013,1114,1004,1028]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[114,179,1539,1563]" captionTargetBox="[115,1460,145,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-132@8.[113,1460,143,1511]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., dorsal vertebra and dorsal ribs. Dorsal vertebra SAV05-40 (holotype) in posterior (A), dorsal (B), right lateral (C), left lateral (D), and ventral (E) views. Right middle dorsal rib SAV05-046 (paratype) in posteromedial (F), lateral (N), and medial (O) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08-101 (holotype) in lateral (H) and medial (I) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08- 102 (holotype) in lateral (J) and medial (K) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08-103 (holotype) in lateral (L) and medial (M) views; right anterior dorsal rib SAV05-047 (paratype) in medial (P) and lateral (Q) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines.Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; cam, camella; cmr, camera; cr, crest; exp, expansion; gr, groove; mcr, medial crest; pcr, posterior crest; pf, pneumatic fossa; rdg, ridge. Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241182/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">Fig. 4A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
), which is interpreted as belonging to a middle or posterior dorsal vertebra. This centrum preserves a concave posterior articular surface, which is markedly dorsoventrally compressed (partially owing to taphonomy). The ventral surface is smoothly transversely convex. The ventral margin of the pneumatic fossa is preserved. The centrum is fractured, making it possible to observe internal camellate tissue bone. This type of tissue is also present in the cervical-to-dorsal sequence found in this fossil site. The presence of a camellate tissue bone in the presacral vertebrae was considered as a synapomorphy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFBED652FC9EDB669EE47E09" authority="Titanosauriformes" authorityName="Sánchez-Hernández" authorityYear="2005" box="[825,955,1317,1341]" class="Reptilia" genus="Galveosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFBED652FC9EDB669EE47E09" box="[825,955,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">Galveosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+ Titanosauriformes (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFBED652FB6BDB66980F7E09" author="Wilson JA" box="[1228,1360,1317,1341]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="7" pageNumber="221" pagination="215 - 75" part="136" refId="ref50238" refString="Wilson JA. Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2002; 136: 215 - 75." title="Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis" type="journal article" year="2002">Wilson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFBED652FAFCDB669EFF7E69" author="Upchurch P & Barrett PM & Dodson P" editor="Weishampel DB & Dodson P & Osmolska H" journalOrPublisher="Berkeley: University of California" pageId="7" pageNumber="221" pagination="259 - 322" refId="ref49748" refString="Upchurch P, Barrett PM, Dodson P. Sauropoda. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H (eds), The Dinosauria II. Berkeley: University of California, 2004, 259 - 322." title="Sauropoda" type="journal volume" volumeTitle="The Dinosauria II" year="2004">
|
||
Upchurch
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFBED652FC9EDB069E377E68" box="[825,872,1348,1372]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFBED652FC0CDB0799CF7E68" author="Carballido" box="[939,1168,1348,1372]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carballido" pageId="7" pageNumber="221" pagination="605 - 62" refId="ref43359" refString="Carballido JL, Rauhut OWM, Pol D et al. Osteology and phylogeny relationships of Tehuelchesaurus benitezii (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Upper Jurassic of Patagonia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2011 b; 163: 605 - 62." type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Carballido
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFBED652FBBADB0699147E68" box="[1053,1099,1348,1372]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFBED652FB3CDB0798397E69" author="Mannion" box="[1179,1382,1348,1373]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="7" pageNumber="221" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFBED652FB58DB0698717E68" box="[1279,1326,1348,1372]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFBED652FBE0DB3F99EB7EA2" blockId="7.[1095,1204,1404,1430]" box="[1095,1204,1404,1430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFBED652FBE0DB3F99EB7EA2" box="[1095,1204,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">Dorsal ribs:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFBED65CFC9EDBE09D9A78E3" blockId="7.[825,1475,1443,1968]" lastBlockId="9.[129,778,144,1609]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="223" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">
|
||
Our description of the dorsal ribs is based on five partial dorsal ribs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFBED652FCD2DB819EBD7EEE" box="[885,994,1474,1498]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[114,179,1539,1563]" captionTargetBox="[115,1460,145,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-132@8.[113,1460,143,1511]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., dorsal vertebra and dorsal ribs. Dorsal vertebra SAV05-40 (holotype) in posterior (A), dorsal (B), right lateral (C), left lateral (D), and ventral (E) views. Right middle dorsal rib SAV05-046 (paratype) in posteromedial (F), lateral (N), and medial (O) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08-101 (holotype) in lateral (H) and medial (I) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08- 102 (holotype) in lateral (J) and medial (K) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08-103 (holotype) in lateral (L) and medial (M) views; right anterior dorsal rib SAV05-047 (paratype) in medial (P) and lateral (Q) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines.Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; cam, camella; cmr, camera; cr, crest; exp, expansion; gr, groove; mcr, medial crest; pcr, posterior crest; pf, pneumatic fossa; rdg, ridge. Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241182/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">Fig. 4F–Q</figureCitation>
|
||
) from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFBED652FBF9DB8199E57EEE" box="[1118,1210,1474,1498]" pageId="7" pageNumber="221" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(three anterior left ribs: SAV08-101, 102, 103) and
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFBED652FBCEDBA1999D7ECE" box="[1129,1218,1506,1530]" pageId="7" pageNumber="221" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(one right anterior rib SAV05-047, and one right middle rib SAV05-046). The anterior ribs are the larger elements of the set. The proximal edge is poorly preserved in all elements and only SAV05-046 preserves a complete distal end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFBED652FC4FD81C99097D43" box="[1000,1110,1631,1655]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[114,179,1539,1563]" captionTargetBox="[115,1460,145,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-132@8.[113,1460,143,1511]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., dorsal vertebra and dorsal ribs. Dorsal vertebra SAV05-40 (holotype) in posterior (A), dorsal (B), right lateral (C), left lateral (D), and ventral (E) views. Right middle dorsal rib SAV05-046 (paratype) in posteromedial (F), lateral (N), and medial (O) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08-101 (holotype) in lateral (H) and medial (I) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08- 102 (holotype) in lateral (J) and medial (K) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08-103 (holotype) in lateral (L) and medial (M) views; right anterior dorsal rib SAV05-047 (paratype) in medial (P) and lateral (Q) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines.Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; cam, camella; cmr, camera; cr, crest; exp, expansion; gr, groove; mcr, medial crest; pcr, posterior crest; pf, pneumatic fossa; rdg, ridge. Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241182/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="221">Fig. 4N, O</figureCitation>
|
||
). The proximal end has a triradiate cross-section, which corresponds to three well-developed proximodistal crests: (i) the anteromedial to medial crest; (ii) anterior crest; and (iii) posterior crest. The anteromedial to medial crest extends from the capitulum, which is anteromedially located, and deflects to the midpoint of the medial surface in the anterior half of the rib, being the most robust of the forementioned crests. The posterior and anterior crests correspond to the edges of the lateral surface, and the posterior edge is generally thinner and more acute than the anterior one. The anterior ribs are marked by a flat lateral face in proximal-to-middle section of the shaft (probably for the reception of the scapula), which is slightly anteroposteriorly expanded (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB1D65DFD26D9519FB57C1E" box="[641,746,1810,1834]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[114,179,1539,1563]" captionTargetBox="[115,1460,145,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-132@8.[113,1460,143,1511]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., dorsal vertebra and dorsal ribs. Dorsal vertebra SAV05-40 (holotype) in posterior (A), dorsal (B), right lateral (C), left lateral (D), and ventral (E) views. Right middle dorsal rib SAV05-046 (paratype) in posteromedial (F), lateral (N), and medial (O) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08-101 (holotype) in lateral (H) and medial (I) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08- 102 (holotype) in lateral (J) and medial (K) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08-103 (holotype) in lateral (L) and medial (M) views; right anterior dorsal rib SAV05-047 (paratype) in medial (P) and lateral (Q) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines.Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; cam, camella; cmr, camera; cr, crest; exp, expansion; gr, groove; mcr, medial crest; pcr, posterior crest; pf, pneumatic fossa; rdg, ridge. Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241182/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Between the posterior and the anteromedial crests, the rib is markedly concave, corresponding to the posteromedial fossa. This fossa is dorsoventrally elongated and bears a crenulated surface and some foramina (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB1D65DFED9D9D39CB97C9C" box="[382,486,1936,1960]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[114,179,1539,1563]" captionTargetBox="[115,1460,145,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-132@8.[113,1460,143,1511]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., dorsal vertebra and dorsal ribs. Dorsal vertebra SAV05-40 (holotype) in posterior (A), dorsal (B), right lateral (C), left lateral (D), and ventral (E) views. Right middle dorsal rib SAV05-046 (paratype) in posteromedial (F), lateral (N), and medial (O) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08-101 (holotype) in lateral (H) and medial (I) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08- 102 (holotype) in lateral (J) and medial (K) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08-103 (holotype) in lateral (L) and medial (M) views; right anterior dorsal rib SAV05-047 (paratype) in medial (P) and lateral (Q) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines.Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; cam, camella; cmr, camera; cr, crest; exp, expansion; gr, groove; mcr, medial crest; pcr, posterior crest; pf, pneumatic fossa; rdg, ridge. Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241182/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The posteromedial fossa is dorsally bordered by a thick and robust ridge, which departs from the anteromedial crest to the posterior crest probably connected to the tuberculum. The anteromedial surface of the proximal end, bordered by the anterior and anteromedial crests, is less concave than the posteromedial fossa, and referred to the anteromedial fossa (no crenulated surface and foramina are present). The proximal end of the rib preserves several internal camerae (following:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFEF1DEEC9F577BF3" author="Wedel MJ & Cifelli RL & Sanders RK" box="[342,520,175,199]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="343 - 88" part="45" refId="ref50151" refString="Wedel MJ, Cifelli RL, Sanders RK. Osteology, paleobiology, and relationships of the sauropod dinosaur Sauroposeidon. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 2000; 45: 343 - 88." title="Osteology, paleobiology, and relationships of the sauropod dinosaur Sauroposeidon" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Wedel
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFE39DEF39C917BF3" box="[414,462,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFDB2DEEC9FCE7BF3" author="Wedel MJ" box="[533,657,175,199]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="344 - 57" part="23" refId="ref50127" refString="Wedel MJ. The evolution of vertebral pneumaticity in sauropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2003; 23: 344 - 57." title="The evolution of vertebral pneumaticity in sauropod dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="2003">Wedel 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The presence of a pneumatic foramen and internal cavities in the dorsal ribs was considered as a synapomorphy of Titanosauriformes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFF2BDF4E9CD47A11" author="Wilson JA & Sereno PC" box="[140,395,269,293]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="1 - 68" part="5" refId="ref50402" refString="Wilson JA, Sereno PC. Early evolution and higher-level phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1998; 5: 1 - 68." title="Early evolution and higher-level phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="1998">Wilson and Sereno 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFE3FDF4E9F437A11" author="Wilson JA" box="[408,540,269,293]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="215 - 75" part="136" refId="ref50238" refString="Wilson JA. Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2002; 136: 215 - 75." title="Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis" type="journal article" year="2002">Wilson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFD8EDF4E9FA67A11" author="Mannion" box="[553,761,269,293]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFD29DF4D9FE07A11" box="[654,703,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which is present in the Iberian Early Cretaceous titanosauriforms
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB0D65CFF26DF0E9F017A50" authority="(Royo-Torres et al. 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[129,606,332,356]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFF26DF0E9C127A50" box="[129,333,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFEC7DF0F9F0C7A50" author="Royo-Torres" box="[352,595,332,356]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="61 - 83" refId="ref47917" refString="Royo-Torres R, Alcala L, Cobos A. A new specimen of the Cretaceous sauropod Tastavinsaurus sanzi from El Castellar (Teruel, Spain), and a phylogenetic analysis of the Laurasiformes. Cretaceous Research 2012; 34: 61 - 83." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFE40DF0E9F477A50" box="[487,536,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB0D65CFD33DF0E9F2A7AB7" authority="(Torcida Fernandez-Baldor et al. 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor" baseAuthorityYear="2017" genus="Europatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eastwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFD33DF0E9DBE7AB7" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Europatitan eastwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFF57DF289F367AB7" author="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F & Canudo JI & Huerta P" box="[240,617,363,387]" journalOrPublisher="PeerJ" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="3409" part="5" refId="ref49504" refString="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F, Canudo JI, Huerta P et al. Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia. PeerJ 2017; 5: e 3409." title="Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Torcida Fernández-Baldor
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFDA5DF2F9F6E7AB7" box="[514,561,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the middle section of the rib, the anteromedial crest, located at midpoint of the anteroposterior width of the medial surface of the rib shaft, becomes smoother and disappears. Additionally, the antero- and posteromedial fossae converges into a medial flat surface of the rib shaft, in the middle section of the rib, which quickly becomes transversely concave to the distal end. In the middle section of the more distal anterior dorsal rib of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFB0D65CFDBBDC059F27796A" box="[540,632,582,606]" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(SAV08-101) and in the anterior one of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFB0D65CFE0CDC259F5B794A" box="[427,516,614,638]" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(SAV05-047) specimens, the anterior crest bifurcates, resulting in a second crest, which extends distally to the lateral side of the rib. In the middle and distal sections of the rib, the shaft becomes extremely compressed mediolaterally (the anteroposterior width is more than three times the mediolateral one) with acute anterior and posterior edges, and a flat-to-slightly concave medial and lateral surfaces (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB0D65CFF41DD029C75786D" box="[230,298,833,857]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[114,179,1539,1563]" captionTargetBox="[115,1460,145,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-132@8.[113,1460,143,1511]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., dorsal vertebra and dorsal ribs. Dorsal vertebra SAV05-40 (holotype) in posterior (A), dorsal (B), right lateral (C), left lateral (D), and ventral (E) views. Right middle dorsal rib SAV05-046 (paratype) in posteromedial (F), lateral (N), and medial (O) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08-101 (holotype) in lateral (H) and medial (I) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08- 102 (holotype) in lateral (J) and medial (K) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08-103 (holotype) in lateral (L) and medial (M) views; right anterior dorsal rib SAV05-047 (paratype) in medial (P) and lateral (Q) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines.Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; cam, camella; cmr, camera; cr, crest; exp, expansion; gr, groove; mcr, medial crest; pcr, posterior crest; pf, pneumatic fossa; rdg, ridge. Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241182/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Fig. 4J</figureCitation>
|
||
). The presence of anterior dorsal ribs with a plank-like cross-section (i.e. anteroposterior width more than three times the mediolateral one) was considered as characteristic of Titanosauriformes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFE01DDDC9FEF7883" author="Wilson JA & Sereno PC" box="[422,688,927,951]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="1 - 68" part="5" refId="ref50402" refString="Wilson JA, Sereno PC. Early evolution and higher-level phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1998; 5: 1 - 68." title="Early evolution and higher-level phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="1998">Wilson and Sereno 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFD67DDDC9DEA78E3" author="Wilson JA" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="215 - 75" part="136" refId="ref50238" refString="Wilson JA. Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2002; 136: 215 - 75." title="Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis" type="journal article" year="2002">Wilson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="57BCD0FCFFB1D65DFFD5D8409CC37DF7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241182" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11241182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241182/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="222" startId="8.[114,179,1539,1563]" targetBox="[115,1460,145,1510]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFB1D65DFFD5D8409CC37DF7" blockId="8.[114,1445,1539,1731]" pageId="8" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB1D65DFFD5D8409D957D2F" bold="true" box="[114,202,1539,1563]" pageId="8" pageNumber="222">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB1D65DFF69D8409CE77D2F" authority="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega, 2024" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[206,440,1539,1563]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="8" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB1D65DFF69D8409CE77D2F" box="[206,440,1539,1563]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="222">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2A84E11DFFB1D65DFE65D8479F137D2F" box="[450,588,1540,1564]" pageId="8" pageNumber="222" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, dorsal vertebra and dorsal ribs. Dorsal vertebra SAV05-40 (holotype) in posterior (A), dorsal (B), right lateral (C), left lateral (D), and ventral (E) views. Right middle dorsal rib SAV05-046 (paratype) in posteromedial (F), lateral (N), and medial (O) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08-101 (holotype) in lateral (H) and medial (I) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08- 102 (holotype) in lateral (J) and medial (K) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08-103 (holotype) in lateral (L) and medial (M) views; right anterior dorsal rib SAV05-047 (paratype) in medial (P) and lateral (Q) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines.
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB1D65DFB76D83098127DBF" box="[1233,1357,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="222">Abbreviations</emphasis>
|
||
: acr, anterior crest; cam, camella; cmr, camera; cr, crest; exp, expansion; gr, groove; mcr, medial crest; pcr, posterior crest; pf, pneumatic fossa; rdg, ridge. Scale bar equals 100 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFB0D65CFF3BDD9D9C937D7D" blockId="9.[129,778,144,1609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">
|
||
In the middle dorsal rib (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB0D65CFE1BDD9D9F6C78C2" box="[444,563,990,1014]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[114,179,1539,1563]" captionTargetBox="[115,1460,145,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-132@8.[113,1460,143,1511]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., dorsal vertebra and dorsal ribs. Dorsal vertebra SAV05-40 (holotype) in posterior (A), dorsal (B), right lateral (C), left lateral (D), and ventral (E) views. Right middle dorsal rib SAV05-046 (paratype) in posteromedial (F), lateral (N), and medial (O) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08-101 (holotype) in lateral (H) and medial (I) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08- 102 (holotype) in lateral (J) and medial (K) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08-103 (holotype) in lateral (L) and medial (M) views; right anterior dorsal rib SAV05-047 (paratype) in medial (P) and lateral (Q) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines.Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; cam, camella; cmr, camera; cr, crest; exp, expansion; gr, groove; mcr, medial crest; pcr, posterior crest; pf, pneumatic fossa; rdg, ridge. Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241182/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Fig. 4N, O</figureCitation>
|
||
), the proximal end is also triradiate. The anteromedial crest is anteriorly displaced and expands in the direction of the capitulum, which is anteroposteriorly expanded. The antero- and posteromedial fossae of the proximal end are both concave, and the surface is damaged, which reveals a highly pneumatized internal tissue bone, composed of small camerae and camellae (following:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFF26DAFA9C617FE5" author="Wedel MJ & Cifelli RL & Sanders RK" box="[129,318,1209,1233]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="343 - 88" part="45" refId="ref50151" refString="Wedel MJ, Cifelli RL, Sanders RK. Osteology, paleobiology, and relationships of the sauropod dinosaur Sauroposeidon. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 2000; 45: 343 - 88." title="Osteology, paleobiology, and relationships of the sauropod dinosaur Sauroposeidon" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Wedel
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFF6BDAF99C5F7FE5" box="[204,256,1209,1233]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFEE8DAFA9C917FE5" author="Wedel MJ" box="[335,462,1209,1233]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="344 - 57" part="23" refId="ref50127" refString="Wedel MJ. The evolution of vertebral pneumaticity in sauropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2003; 23: 344 - 57." title="The evolution of vertebral pneumaticity in sauropod dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="2003">Wedel 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The anteromedial crest departs from the proximal end and extends distally to the anterior edge of the rib. The posterior pneumatic fossa of the proximal end contains foramina, and extends to the medial surface of the shaft, which is anteroposteriorly concave up to the distal end. Proximally, the anterior crest deflects to the lateral surface of the proximal end, and at the distal end, it also deflects to the lateral surface of the rib, being smoother, resulting in an anteroposterior convex lateral surface. The posterior crest of the proximal end remains in the same position along the proximodistal width of the rib. The distal end is less transversely compressed than the distal end of the anterior dorsal ribs (anteroposterior width is two times the mediolateral one).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFB0D65CFEF7D82A9F667DB7" blockId="9.[128,778,1641,1985]" box="[336,569,1641,1667]" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFEF7D82A9F667DB7" box="[336,569,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Anterior caudal vertebra:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFB0D65CFF26D8CC99F67C57" blockId="9.[128,778,1641,1985]" lastBlockId="9.[825,1475,144,1985]" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">
|
||
Five anterior caudal vertebrae and two isolated neural spines are described herein (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB0D65CFEC7D8EC9CC27DF2" box="[352,413,1710,1735]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[114,179,1732,1756]" captionTargetBox="[115,1458,148,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[113,1460,145,1704]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., anterior caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen.Anterior caudal vertebra SAV05-027 (A–F), SAV08-028 (G–L), SAV08-029 (M–R), SAV08-030 (S–X) in right lateral (A, G, M, S), anterior (B, H, N, T), left lateral (C, I, O, U), posterior (D, J, P, V), dorsal (E, K, Q, W; anterior towards right side), and ventral (F, L, R, X; anterior towards left side) views.Isolated anterior caudal neural spines SAV05-029 (Y–CC) and SAV05-030 (DD-HH) from the holotype specimen in dorsal (Y, DD), right lateral (Z, EE), anterior (AA, FF), left lateral (BB, GG), and posterior (CC, HH) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal laminae; acf, anterior chevron facet; cdr, caudal rib; f, fossa; fr, foramen; lr, lateral ridge; nc, neural canal; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal laminae; posl, postspinal lamina; prsl, prespinal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241184/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB0D65CFE0FD8EC9CBE7DF3" box="[424,481,1711,1735]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[130,195,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[135,1477,145,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-8@13.[130,1477,143,1682]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., anterior and middle caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen. Anterior caudal vertebra SAV05-060va in right lateral (A), anterior (B), left lateral (C), posterior (D), dorsal (E; anterior towards right side), and ventral (F; anterior towards left side) views.Middle caudal vertebra SAV05-061 in right lateral (G), anterior (H), left lateral (I), posterior (J), dorsal (K; anterior towards right side), and ventral (L; anterior towards left side) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acf, anterior chevron facet; cdr, caudal rib; f, fossa; fr, foramen; lr, lateral ridge; nc, neural canal; pcf, posterior chevron facet; posl, postspinal lamina; prsl, prespinal lamina; poz, postzygapophyseal process; prz, prezygapophyseal process; rdg, ridge; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tb, tuberosity; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina; vlr, ventrolateral ridge. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241186/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">6A–F</figureCitation>
|
||
), which were found near the hindlimbs of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFB0D65CFE93D88D9CCF7DD2" box="[308,400,1742,1766]" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen. They belong to the distal half of the anterior series, and their positions are estimated based on other titanosauriform specimens with reasonably complete caudal series (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFED4D96F9F577C70" author="Janensch" box="[371,520,1836,1860]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="27 - 93" refId="ref45494" refString="Janensch W. Die wirbelsaule von Brachiosaurus brancai. Palaeontographica (Supplement VII) 1950; 3: 27 - 93." type="journal article" year="1950">Janensch 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFDB3D96F9E5B7C70" author="Royo-Torres" box="[532,772,1836,1860]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="61 - 83" refId="ref47917" refString="Royo-Torres R, Alcala L, Cobos A. A new specimen of the Cretaceous sauropod Tastavinsaurus sanzi from El Castellar (Teruel, Spain), and a phylogenetic analysis of the Laurasiformes. Cretaceous Research 2012; 34: 61 - 83." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFD3CD96E9F957C70" box="[667,714,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFF27D9089C1D7C57" author="Mocho" box="[128,322,1867,1891]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mocho" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="789 - 817" refId="ref46530" refString="Mocho P, Royo-Torres R, Ortega F. New data of the Portuguese brachiosaurid Lusotitan atalaiensis (Sobral Formation, Upper Jurassic). Historical Biology 2017 a; 29: 789 - 817." type="journal article" year="2017" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Mocho
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFF77D90F9DA07C57" box="[208,255,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The four more anterior ones were found in articulation above the femur of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFB0D65CFE40D9289F1C7CB7" box="[487,579,1899,1923]" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (SAV05- 027: ≈eighth caudal vertebra,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB0D65CFE6AD9C99F677C96" box="[461,568,1930,1954]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[114,179,1732,1756]" captionTargetBox="[115,1458,148,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[113,1460,145,1704]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., anterior caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen.Anterior caudal vertebra SAV05-027 (A–F), SAV08-028 (G–L), SAV08-029 (M–R), SAV08-030 (S–X) in right lateral (A, G, M, S), anterior (B, H, N, T), left lateral (C, I, O, U), posterior (D, J, P, V), dorsal (E, K, Q, W; anterior towards right side), and ventral (F, L, R, X; anterior towards left side) views.Isolated anterior caudal neural spines SAV05-029 (Y–CC) and SAV05-030 (DD-HH) from the holotype specimen in dorsal (Y, DD), right lateral (Z, EE), anterior (AA, FF), left lateral (BB, GG), and posterior (CC, HH) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal laminae; acf, anterior chevron facet; cdr, caudal rib; f, fossa; fr, foramen; lr, lateral ridge; nc, neural canal; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal laminae; posl, postspinal lamina; prsl, prespinal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241184/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Fig. 5A–F</figureCitation>
|
||
; SAV05-028: ≈9th caudal vertebra,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB0D65CFE8FD9EA9CCF7CF5" box="[296,400,1961,1985]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[114,179,1732,1756]" captionTargetBox="[115,1458,148,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[113,1460,145,1704]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., anterior caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen.Anterior caudal vertebra SAV05-027 (A–F), SAV08-028 (G–L), SAV08-029 (M–R), SAV08-030 (S–X) in right lateral (A, G, M, S), anterior (B, H, N, T), left lateral (C, I, O, U), posterior (D, J, P, V), dorsal (E, K, Q, W; anterior towards right side), and ventral (F, L, R, X; anterior towards left side) views.Isolated anterior caudal neural spines SAV05-029 (Y–CC) and SAV05-030 (DD-HH) from the holotype specimen in dorsal (Y, DD), right lateral (Z, EE), anterior (AA, FF), left lateral (BB, GG), and posterior (CC, HH) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal laminae; acf, anterior chevron facet; cdr, caudal rib; f, fossa; fr, foramen; lr, lateral ridge; nc, neural canal; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal laminae; posl, postspinal lamina; prsl, prespinal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241184/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Fig. 5G–L</figureCitation>
|
||
; SAV05-029: ≈10th caudal vertebra,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB0D65CFC9EDED39EF97B9C" box="[825,934,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[114,179,1732,1756]" captionTargetBox="[115,1458,148,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[113,1460,145,1704]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., anterior caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen.Anterior caudal vertebra SAV05-027 (A–F), SAV08-028 (G–L), SAV08-029 (M–R), SAV08-030 (S–X) in right lateral (A, G, M, S), anterior (B, H, N, T), left lateral (C, I, O, U), posterior (D, J, P, V), dorsal (E, K, Q, W; anterior towards right side), and ventral (F, L, R, X; anterior towards left side) views.Isolated anterior caudal neural spines SAV05-029 (Y–CC) and SAV05-030 (DD-HH) from the holotype specimen in dorsal (Y, DD), right lateral (Z, EE), anterior (AA, FF), left lateral (BB, GG), and posterior (CC, HH) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal laminae; acf, anterior chevron facet; cdr, caudal rib; f, fossa; fr, foramen; lr, lateral ridge; nc, neural canal; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal laminae; posl, postspinal lamina; prsl, prespinal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241184/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Fig. 5M–R</figureCitation>
|
||
; SAV05-030: ≈11th caudal vertebra,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB0D65CFAB8DED398DD7B9C" box="[1311,1410,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[114,179,1732,1756]" captionTargetBox="[115,1458,148,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[113,1460,145,1704]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., anterior caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen.Anterior caudal vertebra SAV05-027 (A–F), SAV08-028 (G–L), SAV08-029 (M–R), SAV08-030 (S–X) in right lateral (A, G, M, S), anterior (B, H, N, T), left lateral (C, I, O, U), posterior (D, J, P, V), dorsal (E, K, Q, W; anterior towards right side), and ventral (F, L, R, X; anterior towards left side) views.Isolated anterior caudal neural spines SAV05-029 (Y–CC) and SAV05-030 (DD-HH) from the holotype specimen in dorsal (Y, DD), right lateral (Z, EE), anterior (AA, FF), left lateral (BB, GG), and posterior (CC, HH) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal laminae; acf, anterior chevron facet; cdr, caudal rib; f, fossa; fr, foramen; lr, lateral ridge; nc, neural canal; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal laminae; posl, postspinal lamina; prsl, prespinal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241184/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Fig. 5S–X</figureCitation>
|
||
), plus a more distal anterior caudal vertebra (SAV05-060va ≈ 12th caudal vertebra,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB0D65CFC48DE8C99057BD2" box="[1007,1114,206,231]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[130,195,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[135,1477,145,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-8@13.[130,1477,143,1682]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., anterior and middle caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen. Anterior caudal vertebra SAV05-060va in right lateral (A), anterior (B), left lateral (C), posterior (D), dorsal (E; anterior towards right side), and ventral (F; anterior towards left side) views.Middle caudal vertebra SAV05-061 in right lateral (G), anterior (H), left lateral (I), posterior (J), dorsal (K; anterior towards right side), and ventral (L; anterior towards left side) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acf, anterior chevron facet; cdr, caudal rib; f, fossa; fr, foramen; lr, lateral ridge; nc, neural canal; pcf, posterior chevron facet; posl, postspinal lamina; prsl, prespinal lamina; poz, postzygapophyseal process; prz, prezygapophyseal process; rdg, ridge; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tb, tuberosity; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina; vlr, ventrolateral ridge. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241186/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Fig. 6A–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The chevrons described below were found near these vertebrae. The neural arches of the first four preserved caudal vertebrae are heavily damaged. SAV05- 027 preserves a centrum with a flat posterior articular surface with a depression in the centre (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB0D65CFB3CDF0F99B57A50" box="[1179,1258,332,356]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[114,179,1732,1756]" captionTargetBox="[115,1458,148,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[113,1460,145,1704]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., anterior caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen.Anterior caudal vertebra SAV05-027 (A–F), SAV08-028 (G–L), SAV08-029 (M–R), SAV08-030 (S–X) in right lateral (A, G, M, S), anterior (B, H, N, T), left lateral (C, I, O, U), posterior (D, J, P, V), dorsal (E, K, Q, W; anterior towards right side), and ventral (F, L, R, X; anterior towards left side) views.Isolated anterior caudal neural spines SAV05-029 (Y–CC) and SAV05-030 (DD-HH) from the holotype specimen in dorsal (Y, DD), right lateral (Z, EE), anterior (AA, FF), left lateral (BB, GG), and posterior (CC, HH) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal laminae; acf, anterior chevron facet; cdr, caudal rib; f, fossa; fr, foramen; lr, lateral ridge; nc, neural canal; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal laminae; posl, postspinal lamina; prsl, prespinal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241184/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The presence of a flat posterior articular surface is common in non-titanosaurian macronarians such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB0D65CFB97DFC89E927AF6" authority="(Osborn and Mook 1921)" baseAuthorityName="Osborn and Mook" baseAuthorityYear="1921" class="Reptilia" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Camarasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="supremus">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFB97DFC898777A96" box="[1072,1320,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Camarasaurus supremus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFA98DFC99E9D7AF6" author="Osborn and Mook" firstAuthor="Osborn" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="247 - 387" refId="ref47020" refString="Osborn HF, Mook CC. Camarasaurus, Amphicoelias, and other sauropods of Cope. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History New Series 1921; 3: 247 - 387." type="journal article" year="1921">Osborn and Mook 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB0D65CFC4DDFE998447AF6" box="[1002,1307,426,450]" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Lourinhasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alenquerensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFC4DDFE998447AF6" box="[1002,1307,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB0D65CFA9FDFE9991C7AD5" authority="(D'Emic 2012)" baseAuthorityName="D'Emic" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Brachiosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altithorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFA9FDFE99EC57AD5" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Brachiosaurus altithorax</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFC0ADF8A99677AD5" author="D'Emic MD" box="[941,1080,457,481]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="624 - 71" part="166" refId="ref43918" refString="D'Emic MD. The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2012; 166: 624 - 71." title="The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="2012">D’Emic 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB0D65CFBF6DF8A9EC97935" authority="(Tidwell et al. 1999)" baseAuthorityName="Tidwell" baseAuthorityYear="1999" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Cedarosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weiskopfae">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFBF6DF8A98187AD5" box="[1105,1351,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Cedarosaurus weiskopfae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFAFCDF8A9ED47935" author="Tidwell" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tidwell" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="21 - 37" refId="ref49336" refString="Tidwell V, Carpenter K, Brooks W. New sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Utah, USA. Oryctos 1999; 2: 21 - 37." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Tidwell
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFA16DF899E0D7934" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB0D65CFC69DFAA98E27935" authority="(Royo-Torres et al. 2014)" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[974,1469,488,513]" class="Reptilia" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Aragosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischiaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFC69DFAA99EE7934" box="[974,1201,488,512]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Aragosaurus ischiaticus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFB65DFAA98EE7935" author="Royo-Torres" box="[1218,1457,488,513]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="623 - 55" refId="ref47962" refString="Royo-Torres R, Upchurch P, Mannion PD et al. The anatomy, phylogenetic relationships and stratigraphic position of the Tithonian - Berriasian Spanish sauropod dinosaur Aragosaurus ischiaticus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2014; 171: 623 - 55." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFAEFDFAA98277934" box="[1352,1400,488,512]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The anterior caudal vertebrae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB0D65CFB2EDC4B980A792B" box="[1161,1365,520,543]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFB2EDC4B980A792B" box="[1161,1365,520,543]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a flat surface that bears a central concavity (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFB71DC6B98CC790B" author="Royo-Torres" box="[1238,1427,551,576]" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB0D65CFCF2DC059927796A" box="[853,1144,582,606]" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Lourinhasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alenquerensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFCF2DC059927796A" box="[853,1144,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and SAV05-027. All the caudal vertebral centra of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB0D65CFBB0DC2599A3794A" box="[1047,1276,614,638]" genus="Europatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eastwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFBB0DC2599A3794A" box="[1047,1276,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Europatitan eastwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are described as amphicoelous (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFC7EDCC6980A79A9" author="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F & Canudo JI & Huerta P" box="[985,1365,645,669]" journalOrPublisher="PeerJ" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="3409" part="5" refId="ref49504" refString="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F, Canudo JI, Huerta P et al. Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia. PeerJ 2017; 5: e 3409." title="Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Torcida Fernández-Baldor
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFB4BDCC5984379A9" box="[1260,1308,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), differing from the condition of SAV05-027 and, also from the anteriormost caudal vertebrae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB0D65CFBFFDC879E2679CF" authority="(Royo-Torres 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFBFFDC87987579EF" box="[1112,1322,708,731]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFAE5DC879E3279CF" author="Royo-Torres" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The remaining anterior caudal vertebrae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB0D65CFA92DCA09EFC782E" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFA92DCA09EFC782E" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are amphicoelous, i.e. the anterior and posterior articular surfaces are concave, becoming smoothly concave in the last anterior centra (the anterior articular surface becomes less concave than the posterior one). The presence of a less concave anterior articular surface than the posterior one, is a common trend in rebbachisaurids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFBE3DDDC987E7883" author="Carballido" box="[1092,1313,927,951]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carballido" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="631 - 54" refId="ref43404" refString="Carballido JL, Salgado L, Pol D et al. A new basal rebbachisaurid (Sauropoda, Diplodocoidea) from the Early Cretaceous of the Neuquen Basin; evolution and biogeography of the group. Historical Biology 2012; 24: 631 - 54." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Carballido
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFB10DDE399B87883" box="[1207,1255,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFA8ADDDC9E2678E2" author="Mannion" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="784 - 909" refId="ref46083" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Schwarz D et al. Taxonomic affinities of the putative titanosaurs from the Late Jurassic Tendaguru Formation of Tanzania: phylogenetic and biogeographic implications for eusauropod dinosaur evolution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2019 b; 185: 784 - 909." type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFA34DDE3989C7883" box="[1427,1475,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but also present in some somphospondylans such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB0D65CFC9EDD9D997D78C2" box="[825,1058,990,1014]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Huabeisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="allocotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFC9EDD9D997D78C2" box="[825,1058,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Huabeisaurus allocotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB0D65CFB92DD9D987678C2" box="[1077,1321,990,1014]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Gobititan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shenzhouensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFB92DD9D987678C2" box="[1077,1321,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Gobititan shenzhouensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB0D65CFA9CDD9D9EF67F21" class="Reptilia" family="Huanghetitanidae" genus="Huanghetitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruyangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFA9CDD9D9EF67F21" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Huanghetitan ruyangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB0D65CFC6CDDBE99AA7F21" box="[971,1269,1021,1045]" class="Reptilia" family="Saltasauridae" genus="Jiangshanosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lixianensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFC6CDDBE99AA7F21" box="[971,1269,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Jiangshanosaurus lixianensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB0D65CFAB1DDBE9EEB7F00" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Phuwiangosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sirindhornae">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFAB1DDBE9EEB7F00" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB0D65CFC64DA5E99957F00" box="[963,1226,1052,1076]" genus="Savannasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elliottorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFC64DA5E99957F00" box="[963,1226,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Savannasaurus elliottorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB0D65CFB7EDA5E98E37F00" box="[1241,1468,1052,1076]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Tangvayosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoffeti">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFB7EDA5E98E37F00" box="[1241,1468,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Tangvayosaurus hoffeti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB0D65CFCC0DA7F99747F67" authorityName="Hocknull, White, Tischler, Cook, Calleja, Sloan & Elliott" authorityYear="2009" box="[871,1067,1084,1107]" class="Reptilia" genus="Wintonotitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wattsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFCC0DA7F99747F67" box="[871,1067,1084,1107]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Wintonotitan wattsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFBC0DA7F98757F60" author="D'Emic" box="[1127,1322,1084,1108]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="D'Emic" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="69375" refId="ref44064" refString="D'Emic MD, Mannion PD, Upchurch P et al. Osteology of Huabeisaurus allocotus (Sauropoda: Titanosauriformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of China. PLoS One 2013; 8: e 69375." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
D’Emic
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFB19DA7F99B07F60" box="[1214,1263,1084,1108]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFA9FDA7F9E327F47" author="Poropat" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Poropat" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="34467" refId="ref47479" refString="Poropat SF, Mannion PD, Upchurch P et al. New Australian sauropods shed light on Cretaceous dinosaur palaeobiogeography. Scientific Reports 2016; 6: 34467." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Poropat
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFA36DA7F989C7F60" box="[1425,1475,1084,1108]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFCDFDA1899137F47" author="Mannion" box="[888,1100,1115,1139]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="191057" refId="ref46040" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Jin X et al. New information on the Cretaceous sauropod dinosaurs of Zhejiang Province, China: impact on Laurasian titanosauriform phylogeny and biogeography. Royal Society Open Science 2019 a; 6: 191057." type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFC7CDA1F99557F47" box="[987,1034,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The average elongation index value [aEI, the anteroposterior length of centrum (excluding articular ball) divided by the mean average value of the mediolateral width and the dorsoventral height of the posterior articular surface of the centrum (following:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFBD9DA9B98407FC4" author="Upchurch P" box="[1150,1311,1240,1264]" journalOrPublisher="Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="365 - 90" part="349" refId="ref49659" refString="Upchurch P. The evolutionary history of sauropod dinosaurs. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 1995; 349: 365 - 90." title="The evolutionary history of sauropod dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="1995">Upchurch 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFA8CDA9B98007FC4" author="Upchurch P" box="[1323,1375,1240,1264]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="43 - 103" part="124" refId="ref49688" refString="Upchurch P. The phylogenetic relationships of sauropod dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 1998; 124: 43 - 103." title="The phylogenetic relationships of sauropod dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFACDDA9B9ED47E24" author="Chure" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Chure" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="379 - 91" refId="ref43702" refString="Chure D, Britt BB, Whitlock JA et al. First complete sauropod dinosaur skull from the Cretaceous of the Americas and the evolution of sauropod dentition. Naturwissenschaften 2010; 97: 379 - 91." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Chure
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFA16DA9A9E0D7E24" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)] is around 0.80–1.12 in the preserved anterior caudal vertebrae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB0D65CFC1DDB5499E77E1B" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[954,1208,1303,1327]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFC1DDB5499E77E1B" box="[954,1208,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which fits with the range shown by the anterior caudal vertebrae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB0D65CFB52DB74989D7E7A" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1269,1474,1335,1358]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFB52DB74989D7E7A" box="[1269,1474,1335,1358]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(aEI: 0.52–1.21,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFC40DB1599877E59" author="Royo-Torres" box="[999,1240,1365,1390]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="1925 - 7" refId="ref47889" refString="Royo-Torres R, Cobos A, Alcala L. A giant European dinosaur and a new sauropod clade. Science 2006; 314: 1925 - 7." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFBC9DB1599C17E59" box="[1134,1182,1365,1389]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but much larger than the range shown by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB0D65CFBB8DB3598557EB9" box="[1055,1290,1397,1421]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Eeuropatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eastwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFBB8DB3598557EB9" box="[1055,1290,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Eeuropatitan eastwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(aEI: 0.56–0.68,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFC9EDBD799E77E98" author="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F & Canudo JI & Huerta P" box="[825,1208,1428,1452]" journalOrPublisher="PeerJ" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="3409" part="5" refId="ref49504" refString="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F, Canudo JI, Huerta P et al. Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia. PeerJ 2017; 5: e 3409." title="Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Torcida Fernández-Baldor
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFBE9DBD699217E98" box="[1102,1150,1428,1452]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A circular and small tuberosity is present in the centre of the posterior articular surface of SAV05-060va [
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB0D65CFB8EDB9099257EDF" box="[1065,1146,1491,1515]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[130,195,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[135,1477,145,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-8@13.[130,1477,143,1682]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., anterior and middle caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen. Anterior caudal vertebra SAV05-060va in right lateral (A), anterior (B), left lateral (C), posterior (D), dorsal (E; anterior towards right side), and ventral (F; anterior towards left side) views.Middle caudal vertebra SAV05-061 in right lateral (G), anterior (H), left lateral (I), posterior (J), dorsal (K; anterior towards right side), and ventral (L; anterior towards left side) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acf, anterior chevron facet; cdr, caudal rib; f, fossa; fr, foramen; lr, lateral ridge; nc, neural canal; pcf, posterior chevron facet; posl, postspinal lamina; prsl, prespinal lamina; poz, postzygapophyseal process; prz, prezygapophyseal process; rdg, ridge; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tb, tuberosity; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina; vlr, ventrolateral ridge. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241186/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
|
||
; no tuberosities are present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB0D65CFC9EDBB0989D7D3E" authority="(Torcida Fernandez-Baldor et al. 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[825,1474,1522,1546]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Eeuropatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eastwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFC9EDBB0997F7D3E" box="[825,1056,1522,1546]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Eeuropatitan eastwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFB94DBB198E87D3E" author="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F & Canudo JI & Huerta P" box="[1075,1463,1522,1546]" journalOrPublisher="PeerJ" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="3409" part="5" refId="ref49504" refString="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F, Canudo JI, Huerta P et al. Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia. PeerJ 2017; 5: e 3409." title="Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Torcida Fernández-Baldor
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFAEDDBB098237D3E" box="[1354,1404,1522,1546]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and they can be present in some middle caudal vertebrae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB0D65CFC9ED87199BA7D7D" authority="(Royo-Torres 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[825,1253,1585,1609]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFC9ED87199577D7D" box="[825,1032,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFBBBD87299857D7D" author="Royo-Torres" box="[1052,1242,1585,1609]" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB0D65CFA89D87299237D5C" authority="(Poropat et al. 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Poropat" baseAuthorityYear="2020" genus="Savannasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elliottorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFA89D8729EFC7D5C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Savannasaurus elliottorum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFC14D812992F7D5C" author="Poropat" box="[947,1136,1616,1640]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Poropat" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="1786836" refId="ref47508" refString="Poropat SF, Mannion PD, Upchurch P et al. Osteology of the wide-hipped titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur Savannasaurus elliottorum from the Upper Cretaceous Winton Formation of Queensland, Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2020; 40: e 1786836." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Poropat
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFBAED81299677D5C" box="[1033,1080,1616,1640]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The anterior articular surface is mediolaterally wider than dorsoventrally tall, and the maximum mediolateral width is ventrally displaced, which markedly differs from the morphology of the anterior articular surface of the anterior caudal vertebrae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB0D65CFBC5D88D98707DD1" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1122,1327,1742,1765]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFBC5D88D98707DD1" box="[1122,1327,1742,1765]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFAE5D88D9E327C31" author="Royo-Torres" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, maximum mediolateral width is dorsally displaced) or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB0D65CFC9ED94E99467C10" box="[825,1049,1804,1828]" genus="Europatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eastwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFC9ED94E99467C10" box="[825,1049,1804,1828]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">Europatitan eastwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB0D65CFB89D94F98E37C10" author="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F & Canudo JI & Huerta P" box="[1070,1468,1804,1828]" journalOrPublisher="PeerJ" pageId="9" pageNumber="223" pagination="3409" part="5" refId="ref49504" refString="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F, Canudo JI, Huerta P et al. Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia. PeerJ 2017; 5: e 3409." title="Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Torcida Fernández-Baldor
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB0D65CFAECD94E98207C10" box="[1355,1407,1804,1828]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, with a subcircular anterior articular surface). The posterior articular surface is also wider than tall.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFB0D65EFCF2D9299C497D5C" blockId="9.[825,1475,144,1985]" lastBlockId="11.[128,778,144,1985]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="225" pageId="9" pageNumber="223">
|
||
The lateral surface is anteroposteriorly concave and dorsoventrally convex, converging ventrally, resulting in a transversely narrow ventral surface. In SAV05-028 appears a longitudinal ridge in the lateral surface below the caudal rib and the lateral fossa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB2D65EFF60DEEC9C537BF3" box="[199,268,175,199]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[114,179,1732,1756]" captionTargetBox="[115,1458,148,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[113,1460,145,1704]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., anterior caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen.Anterior caudal vertebra SAV05-027 (A–F), SAV08-028 (G–L), SAV08-029 (M–R), SAV08-030 (S–X) in right lateral (A, G, M, S), anterior (B, H, N, T), left lateral (C, I, O, U), posterior (D, J, P, V), dorsal (E, K, Q, W; anterior towards right side), and ventral (F, L, R, X; anterior towards left side) views.Isolated anterior caudal neural spines SAV05-029 (Y–CC) and SAV05-030 (DD-HH) from the holotype specimen in dorsal (Y, DD), right lateral (Z, EE), anterior (AA, FF), left lateral (BB, GG), and posterior (CC, HH) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal laminae; acf, anterior chevron facet; cdr, caudal rib; f, fossa; fr, foramen; lr, lateral ridge; nc, neural canal; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal laminae; posl, postspinal lamina; prsl, prespinal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241184/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
|
||
). This ridge displaces ventrally in the following centra, occupying a more ventrolateral position in the transition with the middle caudal vertebrae. In SAV05-060va, another lateral ridge appears in lateral surface of the centrum, below the caudal rib. Near the anterior and posterior edges of the centrum, the lateral surface is covered by some rugosities. Bellow the caudal rib there is a shallow fossa, interpreted as pneumatic. Small foramina can be present in some of the fossae. The presence of pneumatic fossa lacking sharply defined margins on the lateral surface of anterior caudal vertebrae was recovered as a synapomorphy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFE64DFAA9F377935" box="[451,616,489,513]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Brachiosauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFDDDDFAA9E5B7935" author="D'Emic MD" box="[634,772,489,513]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="624 - 71" part="166" refId="ref43918" refString="D'Emic MD. The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2012; 166: 624 - 71." title="The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="2012">D’Emic 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFF27DC4B9C0C7914" author="Mannion" box="[128,339,520,544]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFF40DC4A9C477914" box="[231,280,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which can be present in some vertebrae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFF38DC6B9C31790B" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[159,366,552,575]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFF38DC6B9C31790B" box="[159,366,552,575]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other somphospondylans such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFF27DC049CDA796A" box="[128,389,582,606]" genus="Savannasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elliottorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFF27DC049CDA796A" box="[128,389,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Savannasaurus elliottorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFE1FDC059FC1796A" box="[440,670,582,606]" genus="Padillasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leivaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFE1FDC059FC1796A" box="[440,670,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Padillasaurus leivaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, being absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFF6EDC249CFC794A" box="[201,419,614,638]" genus="Europatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eastwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFF6EDC249CFC794A" box="[201,419,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Europatitan eastwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFE15DC259FD5794A" author="Carballido" box="[434,650,614,638]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carballido" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="980505" refId="ref43450" refString="Carballido JL, Pol D, Parra Ruge ML et al. A new Early Cretaceous brachiosaurid (Dinosauria, Neosauropoda) from north-western Gondwana (Villa de Leiva, Colombia). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2015; 35: e 980505." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Carballido
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFD84DC249F14794A" box="[547,587,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFD33DC259D8379A9" author="Mannion" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="191057" refId="ref46040" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Jin X et al. New information on the Cretaceous sauropod dinosaurs of Zhejiang Province, China: impact on Laurasian titanosauriform phylogeny and biogeography. Royal Society Open Science 2019 a; 6: 191057." type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFD5FDC249DC679A9" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFF76DCC69CFC79A9" author="Mannion" box="[209,419,645,669]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="191057" refId="ref46040" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Jin X et al. New information on the Cretaceous sauropod dinosaurs of Zhejiang Province, China: impact on Laurasian titanosauriform phylogeny and biogeography. Royal Society Open Science 2019 a; 6: 191057." type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
a, Poropat
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFE9BDCC59C3B79A9" box="[316,356,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The presence of this foramina has been recorded in other non-titanosaurian somphospondylans such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFF7EDC879CBE79E8" box="[217,481,708,732]" genus="Savannasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elliottorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFF7EDC879CBE79E8" box="[217,481,708,732]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Savannasaurus elliottorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFE56DC879F8C79E8" authorityName="Corro" authorityYear="1975" box="[497,723,708,732]" class="Reptilia" genus="Chubutisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFE56DC879F8C79E8" box="[497,723,708,732]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Chubutisaurus insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFF27DCA09C3179CF" box="[128,366,739,763]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Gobititan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shenzhouensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFF27DCA09C3179CF" box="[128,366,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Gobititan shenzhouensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFED8DCA09F0479CF" author="Mannion" box="[383,603,739,763]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="191057" refId="ref46040" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Jin X et al. New information on the Cretaceous sauropod dinosaurs of Zhejiang Province, China: impact on Laurasian titanosauriform phylogeny and biogeography. Royal Society Open Science 2019 a; 6: 191057." type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFE42DCA79F5079CF" box="[485,527,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFDF7DCA09DEB782F" author="Perez Moreno A & Otero A & Carballido JL" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="a" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="105389" refId="ref47344" refString="Perez Moreno A, Otero A, Carballido JL et al. The appendicular skeleton of Rinconsaurus caudamirus (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research 2023; 142: 105389." type="journal article" year="2023">
|
||
a, b, Poropat
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFD7EDCA79E5C79CF" box="[729,771,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2023
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Also, the presence of small, shallow vascular foramina in lateral and ventral surfaces of anterior-middle caudal centra was recovered as synapomorphy of Titanosauriformes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFD35DD029D8B784D" author="Mannion" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFD5FDD019DC6784C" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); however, their absence seems to be characteristic of some brachiosaurids such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFE01DDC39DA27883" authority="(Mannion et al. 2013)" baseAuthorityName="Mannion" baseAuthorityYear="2013" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Cedarosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weiskopfae">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFE01DDC39FC578AC" box="[422,666,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Cedarosaurus weiskopfae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFD0DDDC39DAD7883" author="Mannion" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFF27DDE39DEA7883" box="[128,181,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFEA9DDDC9E5B7883" authority="(Perez-Pueyo et al. 2019)" baseAuthorityName="Perez-Pueyo" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[270,772,927,951]" class="Reptilia" genus="Galveosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herreroi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFEA9DDDC9CB87883" box="[270,487,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Galveosaurus herreroi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFE5BDDDC9FA67883" author="Perez-Pueyo" box="[508,761,927,951]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Perez-Pueyo" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="375 - 92" refId="ref47384" refString="Perez-Pueyo M, Moreno-Azanza M, Barco JL et al. New contributions to the phylogenetic position of the sauropod Galvesaurus herreroi from the late Kimmeridgian - early Tithonian (Jurassic) of Teruel (Spain). Boletin Geologico y Minero 2019; 130: 375 - 92." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Pérez-Pueyo
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFD20DDE39FE47883" box="[647,699,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFF27DDFC9F2778E3" authority="(Royo-Torres et al. 2017 a)" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[128,632,958,983]" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Soriatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="golmayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFF27DDFC9C0378E2" box="[128,348,958,982]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Soriatitan golmayensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFEC8DDFC9F3278E3" author="Royo-Torres" box="[367,621,958,983]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="38 - 55" refId="ref48006" refString="Royo-Torres R, Fuentes C, Meijide M et al. A new Brachiosauridae Sauropod dinosaur from the lower Cretaceous of Europe (Soria Province, Spain). Cretaceous Research 2017 a; 80: 38 - 55." type="journal article" year="2017" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFE50DDFC9F7778E2" box="[503,552,958,982]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the possible brachiosaurid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFEEBDD9D9F4378C2" box="[332,540,990,1014]" class="Reptilia" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Europasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holgeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFEEBDD9D9F4378C2" box="[332,540,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Europasaurus holgeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFD88DD9D9E5D78C2" author="Mannion" box="[559,770,990,1014]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFD32DD9D9F9878C2" box="[661,711,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; recovered as a basal macronarian by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFE52DDBE9F8F7F21" author="Carballido" box="[501,720,1021,1045]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carballido" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="739 - 81" refId="ref43534" refString="Carballido JL, Scheil M, Knotschke N et al. The appendicular skeleton of the dwarf macronarian sauropod Europasaurus holgeri from the Late Jurassic of Germany and a re-evaluation of its systematic affinities. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 2020; 18: 739 - 81." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Carballido
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFDC0DDBD9FC87F21" box="[615,663,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFF49DA5F9CEE7F00" box="[238,433,1052,1076]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brancai">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFF49DA5F9CEE7F00" box="[238,433,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Giraffatitan brancai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFE19DA5E9DBA7F60" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFE19DA5E9FFD7F00" authorityName="Mannion, Allain & Moine" authorityYear="2017" box="[446,674,1052,1076]" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Vouivria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="damparisensis">Vouivria damparisensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFD0BDA5E9DBA7F60" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Lusotitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atalaiensis">Lusotitan atalaiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and several other somphospondylans (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFD37DA7F9D817F47" author="Mannion" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="191057" refId="ref46040" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Jin X et al. New information on the Cretaceous sauropod dinosaurs of Zhejiang Province, China: impact on Laurasian titanosauriform phylogeny and biogeography. Royal Society Open Science 2019 a; 6: 191057." type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFD5FDA7F9DC67F47" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b). These foramina are absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFD9ADA1F9C357FA7" authority="(Mannion et al. 2013)" baseAuthorityName="Mannion" baseAuthorityYear="2013" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFD9ADA1F9E567F47" box="[573,777,1116,1139]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFF2CDA399C017FA6" author="Mannion" box="[139,350,1146,1170]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFF55DA389C7C7FA6" box="[242,291,1146,1170]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The ventral surface is transversely concave between the posterior chevron facets, becoming flat anteriorly (in the ventral surface of SAV05-027 and SAV05-029 there is an anteroposterioly short ridge departing from the posterior chevron facet). The anterior chevron facets are eroded, but they seem to be well-developed. Several foramina are visible on the ventral surface. The neural canal is dorsoventrally taller than it is wide transversely with a quadrangular outline (straight ventral and lateral edges, and concave dorsal one; taphonomic deformation might have played a role in the morphology of the neural canal). Behind the pedicels there are two small depressions in the dorsal surface of the centrum, as well as a tuberosity, which is present up to the middle caudal vertebrae. There is a longitudinal ridge in both sides of the ventral surface of the neural canal near the pedicels. The dorsal surface of the neural canal is excavated in SAV05-030.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="57BCD0FCFFB3D65FFFD5D88798D87CB0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241184" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11241184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241184/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="224" startId="10.[114,179,1732,1756]" targetBox="[115,1458,148,1703]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFB3D65FFFD5D88798D87CB0" blockId="10.[114,1457,1732,1925]" pageId="10" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB3D65FFFD5D8879D967DE9" bold="true" box="[114,201,1732,1757]" pageId="10" pageNumber="224">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB3D65FFF69D8869CE77DE9" authority="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega, 2024" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[206,440,1733,1757]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="10" pageNumber="224" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB3D65FFF69D8869CE77DE9" box="[206,440,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="224">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2A84E11DFFB3D65FFE65D8869F137DE8" box="[450,588,1733,1757]" pageId="10" pageNumber="224" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, anterior caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen. Anterior caudal vertebra SAV05-027 (A–F), SAV08-028 (G–L), SAV08-029 (M–R), SAV08-030 (S–X) in right lateral (A, G, M, S), anterior (B, H, N, T), left lateral (C, I, O, U), posterior (D, J, P, V), dorsal (E, K, Q, W; anterior towards right side), and ventral (F, L, R, X; anterior towards left side) views. Isolated anterior caudal neural spines SAV05-029 (Y–CC) and SAV05-030 (DD-HH) from the holotype specimen in dorsal (Y, DD), right lateral (Z, EE), anterior (AA, FF), left lateral (BB, GG), and posterior (CC, HH) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines.
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB3D65FFB3DD97698497C79" box="[1178,1302,1845,1869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="224">Abbreviations</emphasis>
|
||
: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal laminae; acf, anterior chevron facet; cdr, caudal rib; f, fossa; fr, foramen; lr, lateral ridge; nc, neural canal; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal laminae; posl, postspinal lamina; prsl, prespinal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar equals 50 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFB2D65EFF3BD82C989D79CF" blockId="11.[128,778,144,1985]" lastBlockId="11.[825,1475,143,1984]" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">
|
||
The caudal ribs are still dorsoventrally tall in SAV05-027 and SAV05-028, and they extend to the lateral surface of the neural arch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB2D65EFF1AD8ED9C437DF2" box="[189,284,1710,1734]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[114,179,1732,1756]" captionTargetBox="[115,1458,148,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[113,1460,145,1704]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., anterior caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen.Anterior caudal vertebra SAV05-027 (A–F), SAV08-028 (G–L), SAV08-029 (M–R), SAV08-030 (S–X) in right lateral (A, G, M, S), anterior (B, H, N, T), left lateral (C, I, O, U), posterior (D, J, P, V), dorsal (E, K, Q, W; anterior towards right side), and ventral (F, L, R, X; anterior towards left side) views.Isolated anterior caudal neural spines SAV05-029 (Y–CC) and SAV05-030 (DD-HH) from the holotype specimen in dorsal (Y, DD), right lateral (Z, EE), anterior (AA, FF), left lateral (BB, GG), and posterior (CC, HH) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal laminae; acf, anterior chevron facet; cdr, caudal rib; f, fossa; fr, foramen; lr, lateral ridge; nc, neural canal; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal laminae; posl, postspinal lamina; prsl, prespinal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241184/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Fig. 5D, J</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the posterior surface of the caudal rib there is a ridge that is interpreted as the postzygodiapophyseal lamina (podl). The caudal ribs are laterally projected in posterior view and posterolaterally projected in dorsal view, deflecting posteriorly in the tip as occur with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFE0BD96F9D9F7C57" authority="(Royo-Torres 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFE0BD96F9F277C77" box="[428,632,1836,1859]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFD2ED96F9DEB7C57" author="Royo-Torres" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the preserved anterior caudal vertebrae, the caudal ribs do not reach the posterior articulation. The posterior deflection of the caudal ribs is a common feature in titanosauriforms, extending beyond the posterior end of centrum in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFD2CD9EA9EC97B93" box="[651,918,143,1985]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Abydosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mcintoshi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFD2CD9EA9EC97B93" box="[651,918,143,1985]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Abydosaurus mcintoshi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFC11DECC99CB7B93" baseAuthorityName="Mannion and Calvo" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[950,1172,143,167]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Andesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="delgadoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFC11DECC99CB7B93" box="[950,1172,143,167]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Andesaurus delgadoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFB13DECC98E37B93" box="[1204,1468,143,167]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Cedarosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weiskopfae">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFB13DECC98E37B93" box="[1204,1468,143,167]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Cedarosaurus weiskopfae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFC9EDEEC99777BF2" authorityName="Corro" authorityYear="1975" box="[825,1064,175,199]" class="Reptilia" genus="Chubutisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFC9EDEEC99777BF2" box="[825,1064,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Chubutisaurus insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFBE2DEEC986D7BF3" box="[1093,1330,175,199]" genus="Europatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eastwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFBE2DEEC986D7BF3" box="[1093,1330,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Europatitan eastwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFAE9DEEC9EDD7BD2" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brancai">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFAE9DEEC9EDD7BD2" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Giraffatitan brancai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFC03DE8D99F67BD2" box="[932,1193,206,230]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sonorasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thompsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFC03DE8D99F67BD2" box="[932,1193,206,230]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Sonorasaurus thompsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFB6BDE8D98E37BD2" box="[1228,1468,206,230]" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Soriatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="golmayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFB6BDE8D98E37BD2" box="[1228,1468,206,230]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Soriatitan golmayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFC9EDEAD99587A31" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[825,1031,238,261]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFC9EDEAD99587A31" box="[825,1031,238,261]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFBE3DEAD98797A31" box="[1092,1318,237,261]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Tangvayosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoffeti">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFBE3DEAD98797A31" box="[1092,1318,237,261]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Tangvayosaurus hoffeti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFAC4DEAE9EF47A11" author="Mannion" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFC9EDF4E9E327A11" box="[825,877,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFC1BDF4E9EA47A11" author="Mannion" box="[956,1019,269,293]" firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="191057" refId="ref46040" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Jin X et al. New information on the Cretaceous sauropod dinosaurs of Zhejiang Province, China: impact on Laurasian titanosauriform phylogeny and biogeography. Royal Society Open Science 2019 a; 6: 191057." type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFB8FDF4E99AB7A11" author="D'Emic" box="[1064,1268,269,293]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="D'Emic" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="102 - 32" refId="ref44100" refString="D'Emic MD, Foreman BZ, Jud NA. Anatomy, systematics, paleoenvironment, growth, and age of the sauropod dinosaur Sonorasaurus thompsoni from the Cretaceous of Arizona, USA. Journal of Paleontology 2016; 90: 102 - 32." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
D’Emic
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFB26DF4E99E97A11" box="[1153,1206,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFAA3DF4E9E277A70" author="Royo-Torres" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="38 - 55" refId="ref48006" refString="Royo-Torres R, Fuentes C, Meijide M et al. A new Brachiosauridae Sauropod dinosaur from the lower Cretaceous of Europe (Soria Province, Spain). Cretaceous Research 2017 a; 80: 38 - 55." type="journal article" year="2017" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFA28DF4E989C7A11" box="[1423,1475,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); this differs from the condition preserved in SAV05-027. The caudal rib is dorsoventrally compressed in the last anterior caudal vertebrae, and they change from a sub-horizontal orientation to an anterodorsal-posteroventral one, in lateral view. The caudal rib is supported anteroventrally by a developed anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina (acdl) and posteroventrally by a rudimentary posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina (pcdl). Both laminae are rudimentary in the remaining anterior caudal vertebrae. The presence of acdl in anterior caudal vertebrae were recovered as a synapomorphy of Flagellicaudata (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFA93DC059E327949" author="Tschopp E & Mateus O & Benson RBJ" journalOrPublisher="PeerJ" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="857" part="3" refId="ref49627" refString="Tschopp E, Mateus O, Benson RBJ. A specimen-level phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Diplodocidae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda). PeerJ 2015; 3: e 857." title="A specimen-level phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Diplodocidae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda)" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Tschopp
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFA34DC04989C796A" box="[1427,1475,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but it was identified in other sauropods taxa, including the brachiosaurids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFBA1DCC6999279A9" box="[1030,1229,645,669]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brancai">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFBA1DCC6999279A9" box="[1030,1229,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Giraffatitan brancai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFB79DCC698E279A9" box="[1246,1469,645,669]" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Vouivria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dampariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFB79DCC698E279A9" box="[1246,1469,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Vouivria dampariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and non-titanosaurian somphospondylans
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFAEADCE69EC679EF" genus="Europatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eastwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFAEADCE69EC679EF" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Europatitan eastwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFC0DDC80998379EF" box="[938,1244,707,731]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Phuwiangosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sirindhornae">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFC0DDC80998379EF" box="[938,1244,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFB4BDC8798E379EF" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1260,1468,708,731]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFB4BDC8798E379EF" box="[1260,1468,708,731]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFCC3DCA0992879CF" box="[868,1143,739,763]" class="Reptilia" family="Saltasauridae" genus="Jiangshanosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lixianensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFCC3DCA0992879CF" box="[868,1143,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Jiangshanosaurus lixianensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFB20DCA0980E79CF" author="Mannion" box="[1159,1361,739,763]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="3217" refId="ref46011" refString="Mannion PD, Allain R, Moine O. The earliest known titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur and the evolution of Brachiosauridae. PeerJ 2017; 5: e 3217." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFB4CDCA0984D79CF" box="[1259,1298,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFAFBDCA098C479CF" author="Mannion" box="[1372,1435,739,763]" firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="191057" refId="ref46040" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Jin X et al. New information on the Cretaceous sauropod dinosaurs of Zhejiang Province, China: impact on Laurasian titanosauriform phylogeny and biogeography. Royal Society Open Science 2019 a; 6: 191057." type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFB2D659FCF2DD419DB4796B" blockId="11.[825,1475,143,1984]" lastBlockId="12.[113,762,144,607]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="226" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">
|
||
The anterior neural arch is anteriorly displaced but does not reach the anterior edge of the anterior articular surface of the centrum. The lateral surface of the pedicels is covered by rugosities. The pedicels are transversely compressed.The prezygapophyseal processes are anteriorly projected, transversely compressed, and surpass the anterior edge of the anterior articular surface of the centrum. The medial surface is flat whereas the lateral one is transversely convex. The spinoprezygapophyseal lamina (sprl) is single, connected to the prezygapophyseal facets but restricted to the base of the neural spine. There is no lateral tuberosity in prezygapophyseal processes as occur in some titanosaurs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFCE3DA18997D7F46" author="Diez Diaz" box="[836,1058,1114,1139]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Diez Diaz" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="49 - 60" refId="ref44227" refString="Diez Diaz V, Mocho P, Paramo A et al. A new titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Lo Hueco (Cuenca, Spain). Cretaceous Research 2016; 68: 49 - 60." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Díez Díaz
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFC12DA189EB87F46" box="[949,999,1114,1138]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFB97DA1998607F46" author="Gonzalez Riga" box="[1072,1343,1114,1138]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gonzalez Riga" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="19165" refId="ref45136" refString="Gonzalez Riga BJ, Lamanna MC, Ortiz David LD et al. A gigantic new dinosaur from Argentina and the evolution of the sauropod hind foot. Scientific Reports 2016; 6: 19165." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
González Riga
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFB76DA18985C7F46" box="[1233,1283,1114,1138]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFAEADA1898DE7F47" author="Gonzalez Riga" box="[1357,1409,1115,1139]" firstAuthor="Gonzalez Riga" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="136 - 81" refId="ref45172" refString="Gonzalez Riga BJ, Mannion PD, Poropat SF et al. Osteology of the Late Cretaceous Argentinean sauropod dinosaur Mendozasaurus neguyelap: implications for basal titanosaur relationships. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2018; 184: 136 - 81." type="journal article" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The ‘spinoprezygapophyseal lamina-process’ observed in some titanosauriforms (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFB83DADA99B27F85" box="[1060,1261,1177,1201]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brancai">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFB83DADA99B27F85" box="[1060,1261,1177,1201]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Giraffatitan brancai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFA81DADA9EC57FE4" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Mendozasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neguyelap">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFA81DADA9EC57FE4" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Mendozasaurus neguyelap</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFC7FDAFB99E37FE4" box="[984,1212,1208,1232]" class="Reptilia" genus="Losillasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFC7FDAFB99E37FE4" box="[984,1212,1208,1232]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Losillasaurus giganteus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFB6BDAFB98097FE5" author="D'Emic MD" box="[1228,1366,1208,1233]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="624 - 71" part="166" refId="ref43918" refString="D'Emic MD. The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2012; 166: 624 - 71." title="The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="2012">D’Emic 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFAC5DAFB9EF27FC4" author="Mannion" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="191057" refId="ref46040" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Jin X et al. New information on the Cretaceous sauropod dinosaurs of Zhejiang Province, China: impact on Laurasian titanosauriform phylogeny and biogeography. Royal Society Open Science 2019 a; 6: 191057." type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFC9EDA9A9E367FC4" box="[825,873,1240,1264]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFB91DA9B986A7FC4" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[1078,1333,1240,1264]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFB91DA9B986A7FC4" box="[1078,1333,1240,1264]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Between the sprl there is a ventrally deep spinoprezygapophseal fossa (sprf), which is ventrally bordered by the intraprezygapophyseal lamina (tprl). The anterior surface of the neural spines is completely covered by the rugosities of the prespinal lamina (prsl, not medially restricted). The postzygapophyseal processes are posteriorly projected from the neural spine and the pedicels, almost reaching the posterior articular surface of the centrum [more posteriorly projected than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFB01DB909E9A7D3E" authority="(Royo-Torres 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFB01DB90982C7EDE" box="[1190,1395,1491,1514]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFA25DB909EE57D3E" author="Royo-Torres" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFC59DBB1997B7D1D" authority="(Torcida Fernandez-Baldor et al. 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor" baseAuthorityYear="2017" genus="Europatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eastwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFC59DBB199BF7D3E" box="[1022,1248,1522,1546]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Europatitan eastwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFB53DBB199477D1D" author="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F & Canudo JI & Huerta P" journalOrPublisher="PeerJ" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="3409" part="5" refId="ref49504" refString="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F, Canudo JI, Huerta P et al. Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia. PeerJ 2017; 5: e 3409." title="Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Torcida Fernández-Baldor
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFC34D8519E8E7D1D" box="[915,977,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]. A spinopostzygapophyseal lamina (spol) extends from the dorsal edge of the postzygapophysis up to the distal end of the neural spine, and borders the spinopostzygapophyseal fossa (spof), which is covered by the rugosities of the postspinal lamina (posl). The morphology of the neural spine can be described based one complete neural spine from the 12th caudal vertebra (SAV05-060va) and from two broken and isolated neural spines recovered near SAV05- 029 and SAV05-030. In anterior view, the neural spines are only slightly expanded and have a round dorsal edge. The posterior surface is wider than the anterior one. No dorsal grooves or lateral depressions are present as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFB7DD92999627C95" authority="(Royo-Torres et al. 2014)" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Reptilia" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Aragosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischiaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFB7DD929989D7CB6" box="[1242,1474,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Aragosaurus ischiaticus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFCE3D9CA996D7C95" author="Royo-Torres" box="[836,1074,1929,1953]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="623 - 55" refId="ref47962" refString="Royo-Torres R, Upchurch P, Mannion PD et al. The anatomy, phylogenetic relationships and stratigraphic position of the Tithonian - Berriasian Spanish sauropod dinosaur Aragosaurus ischiaticus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2014; 171: 623 - 55." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFC6DD9C99EA67C95" box="[970,1017,1929,1953]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB2D65EFBC9D9CA9EDB7CF4" authority="(Mocho et al. 2019 a)" baseAuthorityName="Mocho" baseAuthorityYear="2019" genus="Oceanotitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dantasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFBC9D9CA986B7C95" box="[1134,1332,1929,1953]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">Oceanotitan dantasi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB2D65EFAE3D9CA9E277CF4" author="Mocho" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mocho" pageId="11" pageNumber="225" pagination="1578782" refId="ref46658" refString="Mocho P, Royo-Torres R, Ortega F. A new macronarian sauropod from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2019 a; 39: e 1578782." type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Mocho
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB2D65EFA33D9C9989C7C95" box="[1428,1475,1929,1953]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The lateral surface is flat and covered by some smooth rugosities near the tip. In the 12th caudal vertebra, the neural spine is subvertical, similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFB5D659FE45DEEC9F607BF3" box="[482,575,175,199]" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FDC1DEF39C207BD3" authority="(Royo-Torres 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FDC1DEF39DFA7BD2" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FF10DE8C9C2C7BD3" author="Royo-Torres" box="[183,371,207,231]" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, in the more anterior ones of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FF35DEAD9CC87A32" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[146,407,238,262]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FF35DEAD9CC87A32" box="[146,407,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, probably from the 8th to 11th position, the neural spines are interpreted as posterodorsally oriented as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FE85DF6E9C697A50" authority="(Torcida Fernandez-Baldor et al. 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor" baseAuthorityYear="2017" genus="Europatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eastwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FE85DF6E9F557A71" box="[290,522,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Europatitan eastwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FD82DF6E9C757A50" author="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F & Canudo JI & Huerta P" journalOrPublisher="PeerJ" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" pagination="3409" part="5" refId="ref49504" refString="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F, Canudo JI, Huerta P et al. Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia. PeerJ 2017; 5: e 3409." title="Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Torcida Fernández-Baldor
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FF19DF0E9DAF7A50" box="[190,240,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in the anteriormost caudal vertebra of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FFD6DF2F9F3F7AB7" authority="(Royo-Torres et al. 2017 a)" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[113,608,363,388]" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Soriatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="golmayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FFD6DF2F9C127AB7" box="[113,333,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Soriatitan golmayensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FEFADF2F9F0A7AB7" author="Royo-Torres" box="[349,597,363,388]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" pagination="38 - 55" refId="ref48006" refString="Royo-Torres R, Fuentes C, Meijide M et al. A new Brachiosauridae Sauropod dinosaur from the lower Cretaceous of Europe (Soria Province, Spain). Cretaceous Research 2017 a; 80: 38 - 55." type="journal article" year="2017" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FE44DF2F9F4D7AB7" box="[483,530,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, differing from the anterodorsally oriented neural spines of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FDC1DFC89CDB7AF6" authority="(Royo-Torres, 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FDC1DFC89DFA7AF6" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FF16DFE99C237AF6" author="Royo-Torres" box="[177,380,426,450]" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FE2ADFE99FDC7AF6" box="[397,643,426,450]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Cedarosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weiskopfae">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FE2ADFE99FDC7AF6" box="[397,643,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Cedarosaurus weiskopfae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FD33DFE99D9C7AD5" author="Tidwell" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tidwell" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" pagination="21 - 37" refId="ref49336" refString="Tidwell V, Carpenter K, Brooks W. New sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Utah, USA. Oryctos 1999; 2: 21 - 37." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Tidwell
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FD4EDFE89DD57AD5" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, DMNH 39045), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FE0ADF899FDC7AD5" box="[429,643,457,481]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Venenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dicrocei">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FE0ADF899FDC7AD5" box="[429,643,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Venenosaurus dicrocei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FD33DF8A9D9B7935" author="Tidwell V & Carpenter K & Meyer S" editor="Tanke DH & Carpenter K" journalOrPublisher="Bloominton and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" pagination="139 - 65" refId="ref49365" refString="Tidwell V, Carpenter K, Meyer S. New titanosauriform (Sauropoda) from the Poison Strip Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Utah. In: Tanke DH, Carpenter K (eds), Mesozoic Vertebrate Life. Bloominton and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2001, 139 - 65." title="New titanosauriform (Sauropoda) from the Poison Strip Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Utah" type="journal volume" volumeTitle="Mesozoic Vertebrate Life" year="2001">
|
||
Tidwell
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FD4EDF899DD57935" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, DMNH 40932). The recovered neural spines are not as anteroposteriorly expanded as the more distal anterior caudal vertebrae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FF51DC6B9DB9796B" authority="(Torcida Fernandez-Baldor et al. 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor" baseAuthorityYear="2017" genus="Europatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eastwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FF51DC6B9C89790B" box="[246,470,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Europatitan eastwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FE4FDC649D86796B" author="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F & Canudo JI & Huerta P" journalOrPublisher="PeerJ" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" pagination="3409" part="5" refId="ref49504" refString="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F, Canudo JI, Huerta P et al. Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia. PeerJ 2017; 5: e 3409." title="Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Torcida Fernández-Baldor
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FFD6DC049DFE796A" box="[113,161,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFB5D659FEE0DC3D9F7A79AC" blockId="12.[113,763,638,1985]" box="[327,549,638,664]" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FEE0DC3D9F7A79AC" box="[327,549,638,664]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Middle caudal vertebra:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFB5D659FFD6DCE798C27BF3" blockId="12.[113,763,638,1985]" lastBlockId="12.[810,1462,144,1985]" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">
|
||
SAV05-061 corresponds to one of the first middle caudal vertebrae (probably the 16th caudal vertebra,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB5D659FDBBDC879FDA79E8" box="[540,645,708,732]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[114,179,1732,1756]" captionTargetBox="[115,1458,148,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[113,1460,145,1704]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., anterior caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen.Anterior caudal vertebra SAV05-027 (A–F), SAV08-028 (G–L), SAV08-029 (M–R), SAV08-030 (S–X) in right lateral (A, G, M, S), anterior (B, H, N, T), left lateral (C, I, O, U), posterior (D, J, P, V), dorsal (E, K, Q, W; anterior towards right side), and ventral (F, L, R, X; anterior towards left side) views.Isolated anterior caudal neural spines SAV05-029 (Y–CC) and SAV05-030 (DD-HH) from the holotype specimen in dorsal (Y, DD), right lateral (Z, EE), anterior (AA, FF), left lateral (BB, GG), and posterior (CC, HH) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal laminae; acf, anterior chevron facet; cdr, caudal rib; f, fossa; fr, foramen; lr, lateral ridge; nc, neural canal; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal laminae; posl, postspinal lamina; prsl, prespinal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241184/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Fig. 5G–L</figureCitation>
|
||
); however, there is a series of nine middle caudal vertebrae that still need to be prepared (SAV08-060-061-063-065-067-066-064-068- 069-070-071). This vertebra preserves a peculiar morphology, which is also present in the first middle caudal vertebrae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FFD6DD229C61784C" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[113,318,865,888]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FFD6DD229C61784C" box="[113,318,865,888]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The centrum is amphicoelous, i.e. the anterior and posterior articular surfaces are concave (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB5D659FD22DDC39FB678AC" box="[645,745,896,920]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[130,195,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[135,1477,145,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-8@13.[130,1477,143,1682]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., anterior and middle caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen. Anterior caudal vertebra SAV05-060va in right lateral (A), anterior (B), left lateral (C), posterior (D), dorsal (E; anterior towards right side), and ventral (F; anterior towards left side) views.Middle caudal vertebra SAV05-061 in right lateral (G), anterior (H), left lateral (I), posterior (J), dorsal (K; anterior towards right side), and ventral (L; anterior towards left side) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acf, anterior chevron facet; cdr, caudal rib; f, fossa; fr, foramen; lr, lateral ridge; nc, neural canal; pcf, posterior chevron facet; posl, postspinal lamina; prsl, prespinal lamina; poz, postzygapophyseal process; prz, prezygapophyseal process; rdg, ridge; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tb, tuberosity; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina; vlr, ventrolateral ridge. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241186/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Fig. 6G–J</figureCitation>
|
||
). No important tuberosities of pits are present in the articular surfaces. The anterior and posterior articular surfaces of the centrum are dorsoventrally compressed [much more than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FF35DDBD9F197F21" authority="(Royo-Torres 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[146,582,1021,1046]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FF35DDBD9C3C7F21" box="[146,355,1022,1045]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FEDDDDBD9F647F21" author="Royo-Torres" box="[378,571,1021,1046]" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FD22DDBD9F307F01" authority="(Torcida Fernandez-Baldor et al. 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor" baseAuthorityYear="2017" genus="Europatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eastwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FD22DDBD9D8E7F00" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Europatitan eastwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FF44DA5F9F3B7F01" author="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F & Canudo JI & Huerta P" box="[227,612,1052,1077]" journalOrPublisher="PeerJ" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" pagination="3409" part="5" refId="ref49504" refString="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F, Canudo JI, Huerta P et al. Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia. PeerJ 2017; 5: e 3409." title="Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Torcida Fernández-Baldor
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FE5EDA5E9F767F00" box="[505,553,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and differing from the transversely compressed articular surface of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FD3EDA7F9F5C7F47" authority="(Royo-Torres et al. 2017 a)" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2017" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Soriatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="golmayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FD3EDA7F9DBC7F47" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Soriatitan golmayensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FF50DA1F9CA77F47" author="Royo-Torres" box="[247,504,1115,1140]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" pagination="38 - 55" refId="ref48006" refString="Royo-Torres R, Fuentes C, Meijide M et al. A new Brachiosauridae Sauropod dinosaur from the lower Cretaceous of Europe (Soria Province, Spain). Cretaceous Research 2017 a; 80: 38 - 55." type="journal article" year="2017" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FE27DA1F9CED7F47" box="[384,434,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], with a straight dorsal and smoothly pointed lateral edges unlike the other Iberian titanosauriform taxa (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FE34DAD99F097F86" author="Royo-Torres" box="[403,598,1178,1202]" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FDCDDAD99DEE7FE5" author="Mocho" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mocho" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" pagination="789 - 817" refId="ref46530" refString="Mocho P, Royo-Torres R, Ortega F. New data of the Portuguese brachiosaurid Lusotitan atalaiensis (Sobral Formation, Upper Jurassic). Historical Biology 2017 a; 29: 789 - 817." type="journal article" year="2017" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Mocho
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FD64DAD89FA47F86" box="[707,763,1178,1202]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FF18DAF99C9D7FE5" author="Royo-Torres" box="[191,450,1209,1234]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" pagination="38 - 55" refId="ref48006" refString="Royo-Torres R, Fuentes C, Meijide M et al. A new Brachiosauridae Sauropod dinosaur from the lower Cretaceous of Europe (Soria Province, Spain). Cretaceous Research 2017 a; 80: 38 - 55." type="journal article" year="2017" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FEEFDAF99C247FE5" box="[328,379,1209,1233]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FE77DAFA9D9B7FC5" author="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F & Canudo JI & Huerta P" journalOrPublisher="PeerJ" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" pagination="3409" part="5" refId="ref49504" refString="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F, Canudo JI, Huerta P et al. Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia. PeerJ 2017; 5: e 3409." title="Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Torcida Fernández-Baldor
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FD4EDAF99DD57FC4" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The aEI of SAV05-061 is 1.15. The lateral surface of the centrum is anteroposteriorly concave and marked by two longitudinal ridges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB5D659FEE6DB549CDC7E1B" box="[321,387,1303,1327]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[130,195,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[135,1477,145,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-8@13.[130,1477,143,1682]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., anterior and middle caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen. Anterior caudal vertebra SAV05-060va in right lateral (A), anterior (B), left lateral (C), posterior (D), dorsal (E; anterior towards right side), and ventral (F; anterior towards left side) views.Middle caudal vertebra SAV05-061 in right lateral (G), anterior (H), left lateral (I), posterior (J), dorsal (K; anterior towards right side), and ventral (L; anterior towards left side) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acf, anterior chevron facet; cdr, caudal rib; f, fossa; fr, foramen; lr, lateral ridge; nc, neural canal; pcf, posterior chevron facet; posl, postspinal lamina; prsl, prespinal lamina; poz, postzygapophyseal process; prz, prezygapophyseal process; rdg, ridge; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tb, tuberosity; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina; vlr, ventrolateral ridge. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241186/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Fig. 6I</figureCitation>
|
||
): (i) a ventrolateral ridge, which originates from the lateral ridge described in the anterior caudal vertebra, which displaced to more ventral position (corresponds here to the ventrolateral edge of the ventral surface and is only connected with the anterior chevron facets); (ii) a lateral longitudinal ridge located at midpoint of the dorsoventral width of the centrum (apparently absent in the first middle caudal vertebrae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FF19DBB09CD57D3E" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[190,394,1523,1546]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FF19DBB09CD57D3E" box="[190,394,1523,1546]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). This later ridge is placed below an anteroposteriorly elongated ridge that corresponds to the position where the caudal rib was in the anterior caudal vertebrae. The region between this rudimentary caudal rib and the lateral ridge, and between the lateral ridge and the ventrolateral one, is dorsoventrally concave. The ventral surface of the centrum is mediolaterally wide and flat (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB5D659FE3BD8ED9CBD7DF2" box="[412,482,1710,1734]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[130,195,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[135,1477,145,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-8@13.[130,1477,143,1682]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., anterior and middle caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen. Anterior caudal vertebra SAV05-060va in right lateral (A), anterior (B), left lateral (C), posterior (D), dorsal (E; anterior towards right side), and ventral (F; anterior towards left side) views.Middle caudal vertebra SAV05-061 in right lateral (G), anterior (H), left lateral (I), posterior (J), dorsal (K; anterior towards right side), and ventral (L; anterior towards left side) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acf, anterior chevron facet; cdr, caudal rib; f, fossa; fr, foramen; lr, lateral ridge; nc, neural canal; pcf, posterior chevron facet; posl, postspinal lamina; prsl, prespinal lamina; poz, postzygapophyseal process; prz, prezygapophyseal process; rdg, ridge; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tb, tuberosity; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina; vlr, ventrolateral ridge. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241186/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Fig. 6L</figureCitation>
|
||
). The posterior chevron facets are more developed than the anterior ones and preserve a semicircular outline. Several small foramina are visible in the ventral surface as occur in several titanosauriforms (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FDC1D94F9DFA7C70" author="Mannion" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FD6CD94E9FA47C10" box="[715,763,1804,1828]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The neural canal is dorsoventrally higher than wide with a semi-oval outline in anterior view, and wider than higher with a quadrangular outline in posterior view. The ventral surface of the neural canal is flat. There is a tuberosity in the posterior half of the centrum dorsal surface connected with the longitudinal ridges that are in the ventral surface of the neural canal near the pedicels, which are also observed in anterior caudal vertebrae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFB5D65BFCE2DE8D9CE47BD3" blockId="12.[810,1462,144,1985]" lastBlockId="14.[113,763,144,231]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="228" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">
|
||
The anterior neural arch is anteriorly displaced (placed in the anterior half of the centrum) but does not reach the anterior edge of the anterior articular surface of the centrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB5D659FAB5DF4E982F7A10" box="[1298,1392,269,293]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[130,195,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[135,1477,145,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-8@13.[130,1477,143,1682]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., anterior and middle caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen. Anterior caudal vertebra SAV05-060va in right lateral (A), anterior (B), left lateral (C), posterior (D), dorsal (E; anterior towards right side), and ventral (F; anterior towards left side) views.Middle caudal vertebra SAV05-061 in right lateral (G), anterior (H), left lateral (I), posterior (J), dorsal (K; anterior towards right side), and ventral (L; anterior towards left side) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acf, anterior chevron facet; cdr, caudal rib; f, fossa; fr, foramen; lr, lateral ridge; nc, neural canal; pcf, posterior chevron facet; posl, postspinal lamina; prsl, prespinal lamina; poz, postzygapophyseal process; prz, prezygapophyseal process; rdg, ridge; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tb, tuberosity; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina; vlr, ventrolateral ridge. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241186/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Fig. 6G, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). This anterior displacement of neural arch in middle caudal vertebrae is characteristic of titanosauriforms (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FB22DF0F98617A50" author="Salgado" box="[1157,1342,332,356]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Salgado" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" pagination="332" refId="ref48439" refString="Salgado L, Coria RA, Calvo JO. Evolution of titanosaurid sauropods. I: phylogenetic analysis based on the postcranial evidence. Ameghiniana 1997; 34: 332." type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Salgado
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FB7EDF0F98587A50" box="[1241,1287,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and in the non-neosauropods
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FC49DF289E367A96" authority="(Upchurch and Martin 2003)" baseAuthorityName="Upchurch and Martin" baseAuthorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" family="Cetiosauridae" genus="Cetiosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FC49DF2899997AB7" box="[1006,1222,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Cetiosaurus oxoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FB71DF289E027A96" author="Upchurch P & Martin J" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" pagination="208 - 31" part="23" refId="ref49712" refString="Upchurch P, Martin J. The anatomy and taxonomy of Cetiosaurus (Saurischia: Sauropoda) from the Middle Jurassic of England. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2003; 23: 208 - 31." title="The anatomy and taxonomy of Cetiosaurus (Saurischia: Sauropoda) from the Middle Jurassic of England" type="journal article" year="2003">Upchurch and Martin 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FCD4DFC998597A96" authority="(Britt et al. 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Britt" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[883,1286,394,418]" class="Reptilia" genus="Moabosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="utahensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FCD4DFC9990C7A96" box="[883,1107,394,418]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Moabosaurus utahensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FBC5DFC999A57A96" author="Britt" box="[1122,1274,394,418]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Britt" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" pagination="189 - 243" refId="ref42896" refString="Britt BB, Scheetz RD, Whiting MF et al. Moabosaurus utahensis, n. gen., n. sp., a new sauropod from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) of North America. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology University of Michigan 2017; 32: 189 - 243." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Britt
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FB32DFC8999C7A96" box="[1173,1219,394,418]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FA9CDFC899F77AF6" authority="(Royo-Torres et al. 2017 b)" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Reptilia" genus="Mierasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bobyoungi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FA9CDFC89ED27AF5" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Mierasaurus bobyoungi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FC38DFE999C47AF5" author="Royo-Torres" box="[927,1179,425,450]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" pagination="14311" refId="ref48046" refString="Royo-Torres R, Upchurch P, Kirkland JI et al. Descendants of the Jurassic turiasaurs from Iberia found refuge in the Early Cretaceous of western USA. Scientific Reports 2017 b; 7: 14311." type="journal article" year="2017" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FB82DFE999097AF5" box="[1061,1110,425,449]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The lateral surface of the pedicels is rugose. The pedicels are transversely compressed. No anteroposteriorly oriented ridge and fossa (‘shoulder’) between the prezygapophyses and the postzygapophyses is present in the anterior-middle caudal vertebrae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FB35DC6498D4790B" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[1170,1419,551,575]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FB35DC6498D4790B" box="[1170,1419,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FCF0DC059816796A" authority="(Mannion and Calvo 2011)" baseAuthorityName="Mannion and Calvo" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[855,1353,582,606]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Andesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="delgadoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FCF0DC05997F796A" box="[855,1056,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Andesaurus delgadoi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FB94DC059861796A" author="Mannion and Calvo" box="[1075,1342,582,606]" firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" refId="ref45910" refString="Mannion PD, Calvo JO. Anatomy of the basal titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) Andesaurus delgadoi from the mid-Cretaceous (Albian - early Cenomanian) Rio Limay Formation, Neuquen Province, Argentina: implications for titanosaur systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2011; 163: no - no." type="journal volume" year="2011">Mannion and Calvo 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FAF0DC049ED17949" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Lusotitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atalaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FAF0DC049ED17949" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Lusotitan atalaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FC7FDC2598F2794A" authority="(Mannion et al. 2013)" baseAuthorityName="Mannion" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[984,1453,613,638]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brancai">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FC7FDC2599FE7949" box="[984,1185,613,638]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Giraffatitan brancai</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FB1CDC2698FD794A" author="Mannion" box="[1211,1442,613,638]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FA8FDC25983E7949" box="[1320,1377,613,637]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FC8DDCC699AD79A9" authority="(D'Emic et al. 2013)" baseAuthorityName="D'Emic" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[810,1266,645,669]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Huabeisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="allocotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FC8DDCC6995279A9" box="[810,1037,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Huabeisaurus allocotus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FB86DCC699B879A9" author="D'Emic" box="[1057,1255,645,669]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="D'Emic" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" pagination="69375" refId="ref44064" refString="D'Emic MD, Mannion PD, Upchurch P et al. Osteology of Huabeisaurus allocotus (Sauropoda: Titanosauriformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of China. PLoS One 2013; 8: e 69375." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
D’Emic
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FBDFDCC599F479A9" box="[1144,1195,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FA96DCC6993B7988" authority="(D'Emic et al. 2016)" baseAuthorityName="D'Emic" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sonorasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thompsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FA96DCC69ED17988" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Sonorasaurus thompsoni</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FC39DCE799087988" author="D'Emic" box="[926,1111,676,700]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="D'Emic" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" pagination="102 - 32" refId="ref44100" refString="D'Emic MD, Foreman BZ, Jud NA. Anatomy, systematics, paleoenvironment, growth, and age of the sauropod dinosaur Sonorasaurus thompsoni from the Cretaceous of Arizona, USA. Journal of Paleontology 2016; 90: 102 - 32." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
D’Emic
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FC55DCE6997F7988" box="[1010,1056,676,700]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The prezygapophyseal processes are transversely compressed and surpass the anterior edge of the anterior articular surface of the centrum. The first middle caudal vertebra seems to be characterized by an anteroventral deflection of the prezygapophyseal processes as occurs in the 16th caudal vertebra of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FC3BDD029867786D" authority="(Royo-Torres 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[924,1336,833,857]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FC3BDD02993B786C" box="[924,1124,833,856]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FBD3DD029874786D" author="Royo-Torres" box="[1140,1323,833,857]" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The medial surface of the prezygapophyseal process is flat whereas the lateral one is transversely convex. The prezygapophyseal facets are rudimentary and poorly defined, facing medially. The sprl is single and fades out before reaching the tip of the prezygapophyseal processes and the dorsal end of neural spine. The sprf is restricted to base of the neural spine, which is ventrally delimited by the tprl (posteriorly located to the anterior articular surface of the centrum) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB5D659FCD0DA789EBF7F67" box="[887,992,1083,1107]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[130,195,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[135,1477,145,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-8@13.[130,1477,143,1682]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., anterior and middle caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen. Anterior caudal vertebra SAV05-060va in right lateral (A), anterior (B), left lateral (C), posterior (D), dorsal (E; anterior towards right side), and ventral (F; anterior towards left side) views.Middle caudal vertebra SAV05-061 in right lateral (G), anterior (H), left lateral (I), posterior (J), dorsal (K; anterior towards right side), and ventral (L; anterior towards left side) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acf, anterior chevron facet; cdr, caudal rib; f, fossa; fr, foramen; lr, lateral ridge; nc, neural canal; pcf, posterior chevron facet; posl, postspinal lamina; prsl, prespinal lamina; poz, postzygapophyseal process; prz, prezygapophyseal process; rdg, ridge; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tb, tuberosity; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina; vlr, ventrolateral ridge. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241186/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Fig. 6H, K</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal half of the anterior surface of the neural spine is completely covered by the rugosities of the prsl (not medially restricted). The postzygapophyseal processes are posteriorly projected from the dorsal edge of the neural spine unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FCF1DAFA99A77FE5" authority="(Royo-Torres 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[854,1272,1209,1233]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FCF1DAFA997F7FE4" box="[854,1056,1209,1232]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FB94DAFA99B37FE5" author="Royo-Torres" box="[1075,1260,1209,1233]" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The spol extends from the dorsal edge of the postzygapophyses up to the distal end of the neural spines, becoming less pronounced in the dorsal half of the spine. The spol borders the spof, which is ventrally deep, and the dorsal two-thirds of the spof are covered by the rugosities of the posl (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB5D659FC02DB169EBA7E59" box="[933,997,1365,1389]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[130,195,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[135,1477,145,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-8@13.[130,1477,143,1682]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., anterior and middle caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen. Anterior caudal vertebra SAV05-060va in right lateral (A), anterior (B), left lateral (C), posterior (D), dorsal (E; anterior towards right side), and ventral (F; anterior towards left side) views.Middle caudal vertebra SAV05-061 in right lateral (G), anterior (H), left lateral (I), posterior (J), dorsal (K; anterior towards right side), and ventral (L; anterior towards left side) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acf, anterior chevron facet; cdr, caudal rib; f, fossa; fr, foramen; lr, lateral ridge; nc, neural canal; pcf, posterior chevron facet; posl, postspinal lamina; prsl, prespinal lamina; poz, postzygapophyseal process; prz, prezygapophyseal process; rdg, ridge; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tb, tuberosity; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina; vlr, ventrolateral ridge. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241186/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Fig. 6J</figureCitation>
|
||
). The region between the postyzygapophyses is not depressed as in the anterior and middle caudal vertebrae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FCEDDBD699AA7E98" authority="(Royo-Torres 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[842,1269,1428,1452]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FCEDDBD699487E98" box="[842,1047,1429,1452]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FB8ADBD799B57E98" author="Royo-Torres" box="[1069,1258,1428,1452]" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the last preserved anterior caudal vertebrae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FB15DBF098EC7EFF" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[1202,1459,1459,1483]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FB15DBF098EC7EFF" box="[1202,1459,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SAV05-060va). No hyposphenic structure seems to be present. The postzygapophyseal facets are reduced and undefined, covered by some rugosities and face laterally. The neural spine is posterodorsally oriented. The anterior surface has a straight profile from the top of the spine up to the tip of the prezygapophyseal processes (this profile is slightly different from the 16th caudal vertebra of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FBF0D8CC9E027DF2" authority=", Royo-Torres 2009" authorityName=", Royo-Torres" authorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FBF0D8CC987B7D92" box="[1111,1316,1679,1702]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FA93D8CC9E027DF2" author="Royo-Torres" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The dorsoposterior edge of the spine does not reach the posterior articular surface as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FB3FD88D9EEA7C31" authority="(Royo-Torres 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FB3FD88D983D7DD1" box="[1176,1378,1742,1765]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FAD3D88D9EF67C31" author="Royo-Torres" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The neural spine is only slightly expanded and has a round dorsal edge. The posterior surface is wider than the anterior one. In lateral view the neural spine is subtriangular in shape, and the anteroposterior width decreases dorsally, against the rectangular profiles of the dorsal end of the neural spine in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FC8DD9C99EAC7C95" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[810,1011,1930,1953]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FC8DD9C99EAC7C95" box="[810,1011,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the anteroposteriorly expanded one of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB5D659FC8DD9EA98F17CF5" authority="(Torcida Fernandez-Baldor et al. 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[810,1454,1960,1985]" genus="Europatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eastwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FC8DD9EA99597CF4" box="[810,1030,1960,1984]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">Europatitan eastwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB5D659FBBCD9EB98FD7CF5" author="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F & Canudo JI & Huerta P" box="[1051,1442,1960,1985]" journalOrPublisher="PeerJ" pageId="12" pageNumber="226" pagination="3409" part="5" refId="ref49504" refString="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F, Canudo JI, Huerta P et al. Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia. PeerJ 2017; 5: e 3409." title="Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Torcida Fernández-Baldor
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB5D659FA94D9EA98397CF4" box="[1331,1382,1960,1984]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The anteroposterior width of the neural spine of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB7D65BFD3DDED39DBD7BF3" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Soriatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="golmayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB7D65BFD3DDED39DBD7BF3" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="228">Soriatitan golmayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also decreases dorsally, but it has a subvertical neural spine (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB7D65BFF10DE8C9CF57BD3" author="Royo-Torres" box="[183,426,207,231]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="14" pageNumber="228" pagination="38 - 55" refId="ref48006" refString="Royo-Torres R, Fuentes C, Meijide M et al. A new Brachiosauridae Sauropod dinosaur from the lower Cretaceous of Europe (Soria Province, Spain). Cretaceous Research 2017 a; 80: 38 - 55." type="journal article" year="2017" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB7D65BFE9DDE8C9C377BD3" box="[314,360,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="228">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="57BCD0FCFFB4D658FF25D8ED981B7C59" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241186" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11241186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241186/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="227" startId="13.[130,195,1710,1734]" targetBox="[135,1477,145,1681]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFB4D658FF25D8ED981B7C59" blockId="13.[130,1471,1710,1902]" pageId="13" pageNumber="227">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB4D658FF25D8ED9D857DF2" bold="true" box="[130,218,1710,1734]" pageId="13" pageNumber="227">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB4D658FF78D8ED9C977DF2" authority="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega, 2024" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[223,456,1710,1734]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="13" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB4D658FF78D8ED9C977DF2" box="[223,456,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="227">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2A84E11DFFB4D658FE75D8ED9F027DF1" box="[466,605,1710,1734]" pageId="13" pageNumber="227" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, anterior and middle caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen. Anterior caudal vertebra SAV05-060va in right lateral (A), anterior (B), left lateral (C), posterior (D), dorsal (E; anterior towards right side), and ventral (F; anterior towards left side) views. Middle caudal vertebra SAV05-061 in right lateral (G), anterior (H), left lateral (I), posterior (J), dorsal (K; anterior towards right side), and ventral (L; anterior towards left side) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines.
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB4D658FB21D941985D7C2E" box="[1158,1282,1794,1818]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="227">Abbreviations</emphasis>
|
||
: acf, anterior chevron facet; cdr, caudal rib; f, fossa; fr, foramen; lr, lateral ridge; nc, neural canal; pcf, posterior chevron facet; posl, postspinal lamina; prsl, prespinal lamina; poz, postzygapophyseal process; prz, prezygapophyseal process; rdg, ridge; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tb, tuberosity; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina; vlr, ventrolateral ridge. Scale bar equals 50 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFB7D65BFEB1DF459F0A7A14" blockId="14.[278,597,262,288]" box="[278,597,262,288]" pageId="14" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB7D65BFEB1DF459F0A7A14" box="[278,597,262,288]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="228">Middle-posterior caudal vertebrae:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFB7D65AFFD6DF6E9F617BD3" blockId="14.[113,762,301,607]" lastBlockId="15.[128,778,144,1828]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="14" pageNumber="228">
|
||
Four middle-posterior caudal vertebrae (SAV08-047, SAV08- 048, SAV08-049, and SAV08- 050,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB7D65BFE40DF0F9F7D7A57" box="[487,546,332,356]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[116,181,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[116,1461,659,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-289@14.[114,1461,657,1758]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., middle-posterior caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen. Middle-posterior caudal vertebrae SAV08-047, SAV08-048 and SAV08-049 in ventral (A; anterior towards right side), dorsal (B; anterior towards right side) and right lateral (C, D), anterior (I), and left lateral (J) views.Middle-posterior caudal vertebra SAV08-050 in dorsal (E; anterior towards left side), ventral (F; anterior towards right side), left lateral (G), and posterior (H) views.A, B, D, E, F, and J correspond to a 3D digital model. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acf, anterior chevron facet; dp, depression; lr, lateral ridge; pbu, posterior bulge; pcf, posterior chevron facet; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophyseal process; rdg, ridge; sprf, spinoprezygapophseal fossa; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina.Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241188/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="228">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) were found in partial articulation,
|
||
<quantity id="C43B2D91FFB7D65BFEB8DF289C157AB7" box="[287,330,363,387]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="228" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||
from the distal end of the series of nine middle caudal vertebrae (SAV08-060-061-063-065-067-066- 064-068-069-070-071). Considering the general morphology and the size, we believe that all these specimens belong to the same individual (the series of nine caudal vertebrae still need to be prepared). The centra are amphicoelous, i.e. the anterior and posterior articular surfaces are concave (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB7D65BFDADDC649FD1790B" box="[522,654,551,575]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[116,181,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[116,1461,659,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-289@14.[114,1461,657,1758]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., middle-posterior caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen. Middle-posterior caudal vertebrae SAV08-047, SAV08-048 and SAV08-049 in ventral (A; anterior towards right side), dorsal (B; anterior towards right side) and right lateral (C, D), anterior (I), and left lateral (J) views.Middle-posterior caudal vertebra SAV08-050 in dorsal (E; anterior towards left side), ventral (F; anterior towards right side), left lateral (G), and posterior (H) views.A, B, D, E, F, and J correspond to a 3D digital model. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acf, anterior chevron facet; dp, depression; lr, lateral ridge; pbu, posterior bulge; pcf, posterior chevron facet; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophyseal process; rdg, ridge; sprf, spinoprezygapophseal fossa; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina.Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241188/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="228">Fig. 7C, D, G</figureCitation>
|
||
), differing from the slightly procoelous caudal vertebrae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB7D65BFDCFDC04996C7B9C" authority="(Royo-Torres 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[616,1075,144,606]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="14" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB7D65BFDCFDC049E027B9C" box="[616,861,145,606]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="228">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB7D65BFCCADED399787B9C" author="Royo-Torres" box="[877,1063,144,168]" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="14" pageNumber="228" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. No important tuberosities or pits are present in the articular surfaces. The anterior and posterior articular surfaces of the centrum are slightly dorsoventrally compressed, with a straight-to-concave dorsal edge and convex lateral ones. The aEI spans ranges from 1.39 to 1.46. The lateral surface is anteroposteriorly concave, dorsoventrally convex at midpoint, and marked by the lateral ridge (also present in middle caudal vertebrae), but only developed near the anterior and posterior edges of the centrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB7D65BFBABDFC9992D7A96" box="[1036,1138,394,419]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[116,181,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[116,1461,659,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-289@14.[114,1461,657,1758]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., middle-posterior caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen. Middle-posterior caudal vertebrae SAV08-047, SAV08-048 and SAV08-049 in ventral (A; anterior towards right side), dorsal (B; anterior towards right side) and right lateral (C, D), anterior (I), and left lateral (J) views.Middle-posterior caudal vertebra SAV08-050 in dorsal (E; anterior towards left side), ventral (F; anterior towards right side), left lateral (G), and posterior (H) views.A, B, D, E, F, and J correspond to a 3D digital model. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acf, anterior chevron facet; dp, depression; lr, lateral ridge; pbu, posterior bulge; pcf, posterior chevron facet; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophyseal process; rdg, ridge; sprf, spinoprezygapophseal fossa; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina.Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241188/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="228">Fig. 7C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Near the posterior edge of the centrum, there is a small depression below this lateral ridge in SAV08-49 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB7D65BFC03DF8A9EB07AD5" box="[932,1007,457,481]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[116,181,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[116,1461,659,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-289@14.[114,1461,657,1758]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., middle-posterior caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen. Middle-posterior caudal vertebrae SAV08-047, SAV08-048 and SAV08-049 in ventral (A; anterior towards right side), dorsal (B; anterior towards right side) and right lateral (C, D), anterior (I), and left lateral (J) views.Middle-posterior caudal vertebra SAV08-050 in dorsal (E; anterior towards left side), ventral (F; anterior towards right side), left lateral (G), and posterior (H) views.A, B, D, E, F, and J correspond to a 3D digital model. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acf, anterior chevron facet; dp, depression; lr, lateral ridge; pbu, posterior bulge; pcf, posterior chevron facet; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophyseal process; rdg, ridge; sprf, spinoprezygapophseal fossa; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina.Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241188/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="228">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
); and near the anterior edge of the centrum and above the lateral ridge there is another depression present in all preserved middle-posterior caudal vertebrae (autapomorphy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB7D65BFCE0DC64991A790B" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[839,1093,551,575]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="14" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB7D65BFCE0DC64991A790B" box="[839,1093,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="228">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The ventrolateral ridges are rudimentary or absent, and associated with the chevron facets. The ventral surface is transversely convex and, generally, slightly concave between the chevron facets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB6D65AFE43DEEC9F137BF3" box="[484,588,175,200]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[116,181,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[116,1461,659,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-289@14.[114,1461,657,1758]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., middle-posterior caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen. Middle-posterior caudal vertebrae SAV08-047, SAV08-048 and SAV08-049 in ventral (A; anterior towards right side), dorsal (B; anterior towards right side) and right lateral (C, D), anterior (I), and left lateral (J) views.Middle-posterior caudal vertebra SAV08-050 in dorsal (E; anterior towards left side), ventral (F; anterior towards right side), left lateral (G), and posterior (H) views.A, B, D, E, F, and J correspond to a 3D digital model. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acf, anterior chevron facet; dp, depression; lr, lateral ridge; pbu, posterior bulge; pcf, posterior chevron facet; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophyseal process; rdg, ridge; sprf, spinoprezygapophseal fossa; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina.Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241188/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Fig. 7A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). These facets are semicircular. The neural canal is subcircular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="57BCD0FCFFB7D65BFFD3D8B99FAE7C8E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241188" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11241188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241188/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="228" startId="14.[116,181,1786,1810]" targetBox="[116,1461,659,1757]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFB7D65BFFD3D8B99FAE7C8E" blockId="14.[114,1451,1786,1979]" pageId="14" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB7D65BFFD3D8B99D937C27" bold="true" box="[116,204,1786,1811]" pageId="14" pageNumber="228">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB7D65BFF77D8B89CE57C27" authority="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega, 2024" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[208,442,1787,1811]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="14" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB7D65BFF77D8B89CE57C27" box="[208,442,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="228">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2A84E11DFFB7D65BFE63D8B89F117C26" box="[452,590,1787,1811]" pageId="14" pageNumber="228" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, middle-posterior caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen. Middle-posterior caudal vertebrae SAV08-047, SAV08-048 and SAV08-049 in ventral (A; anterior towards right side), dorsal (B; anterior towards right side) and right lateral (C, D), anterior (I), and left lateral (J) views. Middle-posterior caudal vertebra SAV08-050 in dorsal (E; anterior towards left side), ventral (F; anterior towards right side), left lateral (G), and posterior (H) views. A, B, D, E, F, and J correspond to a 3D digital model. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines.
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB7D65BFE04D9289F407CB7" box="[419,543,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="228">Abbreviations</emphasis>
|
||
: acf, anterior chevron facet; dp, depression; lr, lateral ridge; pbu, posterior bulge; pcf, posterior chevron facet; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophyseal process; rdg, ridge; sprf, spinoprezygapophseal fossa; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar equals 50 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFB6D65AFF3BDEAD9D9A7C10" blockId="15.[128,778,144,1828]" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">
|
||
The anterior neural arch is anteriorly displaced but does not reach the anterior edge of the articular anterior surface of the centrum. The lateral surface of the pedicels is covered by a complex of three anteroposteriorly elongated ridges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB6D65AFDEDDF0F9F8A7A50" box="[586,725,332,356]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[116,181,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[116,1461,659,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-289@14.[114,1461,657,1758]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., middle-posterior caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen. Middle-posterior caudal vertebrae SAV08-047, SAV08-048 and SAV08-049 in ventral (A; anterior towards right side), dorsal (B; anterior towards right side) and right lateral (C, D), anterior (I), and left lateral (J) views.Middle-posterior caudal vertebra SAV08-050 in dorsal (E; anterior towards left side), ventral (F; anterior towards right side), left lateral (G), and posterior (H) views.A, B, D, E, F, and J correspond to a 3D digital model. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acf, anterior chevron facet; dp, depression; lr, lateral ridge; pbu, posterior bulge; pcf, posterior chevron facet; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophyseal process; rdg, ridge; sprf, spinoprezygapophseal fossa; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina.Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241188/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Fig. 7C, D, G</figureCitation>
|
||
): (i) one ridge located in the position which corresponds to the position of the caudal rib in the anterior caudal vertebrae; (ii) one at midheight of the neural arch pedicel; and (iii) the dorsalmost one extending from the dorsal margin of prezygapophyseal process. The presence of this complex of three ridges is considered herein as autapomorphic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB6D65AFE12DC4B9FE87914" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[437,695,520,544]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFE12DC4B9FE87914" box="[437,695,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and is absent in other titanosauriforms. The pedicels of the neural arch are transversely compressed. The prezygapophyseal processes are anteriorly projected and surpass the anterior edge of the anterior articular surface of the centrum. The medial and lateral surfaces of these processes are transversely convex and the prezygapophyseal facet is absent. In dorsal view, the prezygapophyseal processes are medially curved (this curvature is not so pronounced in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB6D65AFE16DD409DEB780E" authority=", Royo-Torres 2009" authorityName=", Royo-Torres" authorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFE16DD409FDD782E" box="[433,642,771,794]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Tastavinsaurus sanzi,</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB6D65AFD2EDD409DEB780E" author="Royo-Torres" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The sprl is single and does not reach the tip of the prezygapophyseal processes. They are developed in the ventral half of the neural spine reaching its dorsal end. The distance that prezygapophyses extend beyond the anterior margin of the centrum is less than 20% of centrum length (excluding ball); which differs from the condition shown by most of somphospondylan titanosauriforms, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB6D65AFE3CDD9D9F3978C1" authorityName=", Royo-Torres" authorityYear="2009" box="[411,614,990,1013]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFE3CDD9D9F3978C1" box="[411,614,990,1013]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB6D65AFDD0DD9D9DEB7F21" author="Mannion" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFD7CDD9D9E5578C2" box="[731,778,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB6D65AFF67DDBE9DA07F21" author="Mannion" box="[192,255,1021,1045]" firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" pagination="191057" refId="ref46040" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Jin X et al. New information on the Cretaceous sauropod dinosaurs of Zhejiang Province, China: impact on Laurasian titanosauriform phylogeny and biogeography. Royal Society Open Science 2019 a; 6: 191057." type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b). The sprf is present along the total height of the neural spines, but shallower in the dorsal half. This fossa is ventrally delimited by the tprl, which is posteriorly located to the anterior articular surface of the centrum. The sprf is covered by the rugosities of the prespinal lamina, which bears a medially constricted ridge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB6D65AFED5DAD99CE87F85" box="[370,439,1178,1202]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[116,181,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[116,1461,659,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-289@14.[114,1461,657,1758]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., middle-posterior caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen. Middle-posterior caudal vertebrae SAV08-047, SAV08-048 and SAV08-049 in ventral (A; anterior towards right side), dorsal (B; anterior towards right side) and right lateral (C, D), anterior (I), and left lateral (J) views.Middle-posterior caudal vertebra SAV08-050 in dorsal (E; anterior towards left side), ventral (F; anterior towards right side), left lateral (G), and posterior (H) views.A, B, D, E, F, and J correspond to a 3D digital model. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acf, anterior chevron facet; dp, depression; lr, lateral ridge; pbu, posterior bulge; pcf, posterior chevron facet; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophyseal process; rdg, ridge; sprf, spinoprezygapophseal fossa; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina.Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241188/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Fig. 7I</figureCitation>
|
||
), absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB6D65AFD9CDAD99C0E7FE5" authority="(Royo-Torres 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFD9CDAD99E567F85" box="[571,777,1178,1201]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB6D65AFF2CDAF99C1A7FE5" author="Royo-Torres" box="[139,325,1209,1234]" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The spol and spof are absent, and the posterior surface of the neural spine is rough. The neural spine is anteroposteriorly elongated, and the dorsal margin expands anteriorly and posteriorly. The posterior expansion of the neural spine coincides in the posterior projection of the spine and results in a lateral bulge, also considered an autapomorphy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB6D65AFF27DB369C217EB9" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[128,382,1397,1421]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFF27DB369C217EB9" box="[128,382,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The posterodorsal edge is posteriorly projected, located behind the posterior articular surface of the centrum, condition shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB6D65AFE75DBF79DA57EDF" authority="(Tidwell et al. 2001)" baseAuthorityName="Tidwell" baseAuthorityYear="2001" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Venenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dicrocei">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFE75DBF79FF77EF8" box="[466,680,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Venenosaurus dicrocei</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB6D65AFD1CDBF79DB07EDF" author="Tidwell V & Carpenter K & Meyer S" editor="Tanke DH & Carpenter K" journalOrPublisher="Bloominton and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" pagination="139 - 65" refId="ref49365" refString="Tidwell V, Carpenter K, Meyer S. New titanosauriform (Sauropoda) from the Poison Strip Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Utah. In: Tanke DH, Carpenter K (eds), Mesozoic Vertebrate Life. Bloominton and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2001, 139 - 65." title="New titanosauriform (Sauropoda) from the Poison Strip Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Utah" type="journal volume" volumeTitle="Mesozoic Vertebrate Life" year="2001">
|
||
Tidwell
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFF27DB979DEC7EDF" box="[128,179,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some non-titanosauriform sauropods such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB6D65AFF27DBB09C4F7D3E" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1877" box="[128,272,1523,1546]" class="Reptilia" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Camarasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFF27DBB09C4F7D3E" box="[128,272,1523,1546]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Camarasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB6D65AFEB8DBB19F4A7D3E" author="Osborn and Mook" box="[287,533,1522,1546]" firstAuthor="Osborn" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" pagination="247 - 387" refId="ref47020" refString="Osborn HF, Mook CC. Camarasaurus, Amphicoelias, and other sauropods of Cope. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History New Series 1921; 3: 247 - 387." type="journal article" year="1921">Osborn and Mook 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB6D65AFDB8DBB19FF07D3E" author="Gilmore" box="[543,687,1522,1546]" firstAuthor="Gilmore" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" pagination="347 - 84" refId="ref44791" refString="Gilmore CW. A nearly complete articulated skeleton of Camarasaurus, a saurischian dinosaur from the Dinosaur National Monument, Utah. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum 1925; 10: 347 - 84." type="journal article" year="1925">Gilmore 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB6D65AFD1EDBB19C137D1D" author="Ostrom and McIntosh" firstAuthor="Ostrom" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" refId="ref47054" refString="Ostrom JH, McIntosh JS. Marsh's Dinosaurs. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966." type="book" year="1966">Ostrom and McIntosh 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB6D65AFEFFD8519F677D1D" author="McIntosh" box="[344,568,1553,1578]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="McIntosh" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" pagination="73 - 115" refId="ref46302" refString="McIntosh JS, Miller WE, Stadtman KL et al. The osteology of Camarasaurus lewisi (Jensen, 1988). Brigham Young University Geology Studies 1996 a; 41: 73 - 115." type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
McIntosh
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFE64D8519CAC7D1E" box="[451,499,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB6D65AFDE2D8529FDA7D1D" author="McIntosh" box="[581,645,1553,1577]" firstAuthor="McIntosh" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref46338" refString="McIntosh JS, Miles CA, Cloward KC et al. A new nearly complete skeleton of Camarasaurus. Bulletin of Gunma Museum of Natural History 1996 b; 1: 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="b">1996b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal edge is straight-to-smoothly convex in lateral view, sloping posteriorly, unlike the markedly concave dorsal edge of the middleposteriorcaudalvertebraeof
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFE38D8339F387DB3" box="[415,615,1648,1671]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Tastavinsaurussanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB6D65AFDD2D8339D8E7D93" author="Royo-Torres" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" pagination="1925 - 7" refId="ref47889" refString="Royo-Torres R, Cobos A, Alcala L. A giant European dinosaur and a new sauropod clade. Science 2006; 314: 1925 - 7." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFD5FD8339DC67D93" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB6D65AFF41D8CC9FDA7D93" authority="(D'Emic 2013)" baseAuthorityName="D'Emic" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[230,645,1679,1703]" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Astrophocaudia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="slaughteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFF41D8CC9CBC7D93" box="[230,483,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Astrophocaudia slaughteri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB6D65AFE55D8CC9F257D93" author="D'Emic MD" box="[498,634,1679,1703]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Systematic Palaeontology" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" pagination="707 - 26" part="11" refId="ref43943" refString="D'Emic MD. Revision of the sauropod dinosaurs of the Early Cretaceous Trinity Group, southern USA, with the description of a new genus. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 2013; 11: 707 - 26." title="Revision of the sauropod dinosaurs of the Early Cretaceous Trinity Group, southern USA, with the description of a new genus" type="journal article" year="2013">D’Emic 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB6D65AFD28D8CC9DBD7DF2" class="Reptilia" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Aragosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischiaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFD28D8CC9DBD7DF2" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Aragosaurus ischiaticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(personal observation, P.M. 2014),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB6D65AFD24D8ED9DB77DD1" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Cedarosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weiskopfae">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFD24D8ED9DB77DD1" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Cedarosaurus weiskopfae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(personal observation, P.M. 2018), and slightly developed in some caudal vertebrae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB6D65AFE70D8AE9D9F7C10" authority="(Janensch 1950)" baseAuthorityName="Janensch" baseAuthorityYear="1950" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brancai">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFE70D8AE9FC57C31" box="[471,666,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Giraffatitan brancai</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB6D65AFD09D8AE9DEB7C10" author="Janensch" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" pagination="27 - 93" refId="ref45494" refString="Janensch W. Die wirbelsaule von Brachiosaurus brancai. Palaeontographica (Supplement VII) 1950; 3: 27 - 93." type="journal article" year="1950">Janensch 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFB6D65AFE32D9079CAB7C6A" blockId="15.[405,500,1860,1886]" box="[405,500,1860,1886]" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFE32D9079CAB7C6A" box="[405,500,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Chevrons:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFB6D65AFF26D928982478E2" blockId="15.[129,778,1899,1985]" lastBlockId="15.[825,1475,144,1609]" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">
|
||
Four anterior chevrons are available for study (from the anteriormost preserved chevron to the posteriormost one: SAV05-060chb, SAV05-063; SAV05-060cha, and SAV05-060chc;
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB6D65AFC40DED399787B9C" box="[999,1063,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="16.[113,178,1392,1416]" captionTargetBox="[116,1454,150,1363]" captionTargetId="figure-251@16.[114,1458,145,1364]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 8. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., anterior chevrons from the holotype specimen.Anterior chevron SAV05-060chb (A–E), SAV05-063 (F–J), SAV05-060cha (K–O), and SAV05-060chc (P–T) in dorsal (A, F, K, P; anterior towards bottom side), anterior (B, G, L, Q), left lateral (C, H, M, R), posterior (D, I, N, S), and right lateral (E, J, O, T) views.Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; gr, groove; pcr, posterior crest; st, step. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241190/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
), which probably belong to the first half of the tail. In addition, two other chevrons were identified within the jacket SAV08-060-061-063-065-067-066-064-068- 069-070-071. Based on a relatively complete series of chevrons (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB6D65AFCCDDF4E9EA07A11" author="Janensch" box="[874,1023,269,293]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" pagination="27 - 93" refId="ref45494" refString="Janensch W. Die wirbelsaule von Brachiosaurus brancai. Palaeontographica (Supplement VII) 1950; 3: 27 - 93." type="journal article" year="1950">Janensch 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB6D65AFBADDF4D999B7A11" author="Royo-Torres" box="[1034,1220,269,294]" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB6D65AFB68DF4E98D47A11" author="D'Emic" box="[1231,1419,269,293]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="D'Emic" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" pagination="69375" refId="ref44064" refString="D'Emic MD, Mannion PD, Upchurch P et al. Osteology of Huabeisaurus allocotus (Sauropoda: Titanosauriformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of China. PLoS One 2013; 8: e 69375." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
D’Emic
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFA84DF4D980D7A11" box="[1315,1362,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the preserved chevrons are interpreted as the third to the sixth. The proximal end of the dorsal rami is badly preserved in the some of the chevrons (e.g. right ramus of SAV05-063 and SAV05- 060cha is absent; and left and right ones are broken in SAV05- 060chc). The haemal canal is more than 40% of the total height of the chevron (around 40–44%) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB6D65AFB0EDF8A980C7AD5" box="[1193,1363,457,481]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="16.[113,178,1392,1416]" captionTargetBox="[116,1454,150,1363]" captionTargetId="figure-251@16.[114,1458,145,1364]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 8. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., anterior chevrons from the holotype specimen.Anterior chevron SAV05-060chb (A–E), SAV05-063 (F–J), SAV05-060cha (K–O), and SAV05-060chc (P–T) in dorsal (A, F, K, P; anterior towards bottom side), anterior (B, G, L, Q), left lateral (C, H, M, R), posterior (D, I, N, S), and right lateral (E, J, O, T) views.Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; gr, groove; pcr, posterior crest; st, step. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241190/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Fig. 8B, G, L, Q</figureCitation>
|
||
), which is common in titanosauriforms such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB6D65AFB4DDFAA98E37934" box="[1258,1468,488,512]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Lusotitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atalaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFB4DDFAA98E37934" box="[1258,1468,488,512]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Lusotitan atalaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB6D65AFC9EDC4A994B7914" box="[825,1044,520,544]" genus="Europatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eastwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFC9EDC4A994B7914" box="[825,1044,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Europatitan eastwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB6D65AFBB8DC4B99A77914" box="[1055,1272,520,544]" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Soriatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="golmayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFBB8DC4B99A77914" box="[1055,1272,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Soriatitan golmayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB6D65AFA97DC4A9E33790B" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFA97DC4A9E33790B" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB6D65AFC27DC6B9962790B" author="Royo-Torres" box="[896,1085,551,576]" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB6D65AFBEBDC649846790B" author="Mocho" box="[1100,1305,551,575]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mocho" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" pagination="789 - 817" refId="ref46530" refString="Mocho P, Royo-Torres R, Ortega F. New data of the Portuguese brachiosaurid Lusotitan atalaiensis (Sobral Formation, Upper Jurassic). Historical Biology 2017 a; 29: 789 - 817." type="journal article" year="2017" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Mocho
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFB38DC6B998D790B" box="[1183,1234,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB6D65AFA8FDC6B9EC5796B" author="Royo-Torres" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" pagination="38 - 55" refId="ref48006" refString="Royo-Torres R, Fuentes C, Meijide M et al. A new Brachiosauridae Sauropod dinosaur from the lower Cretaceous of Europe (Soria Province, Spain). Cretaceous Research 2017 a; 80: 38 - 55." type="journal article" year="2017" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFA16DC6B9E0D796A" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB6D65AFC0DDC059868796B" author="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F & Canudo JI & Huerta P" box="[938,1335,582,607]" journalOrPublisher="PeerJ" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" pagination="3409" part="5" refId="ref49504" refString="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F, Canudo JI, Huerta P et al. Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia. PeerJ 2017; 5: e 3409." title="Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Torcida Fernández-Baldor
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFB61DC0499A6796A" box="[1222,1273,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal rami are transversely compressed with an anteroposteriorly convex lateral surface, and an anteroposteriorly flat medial one. The anteromedial edge of the dorsal rami is acute, resulting in a proximodistal crest, which converge, ventrally to the anterior crest of the distal end of the chevron. The posterior edge of the dorsal rami is rounded. The articular facets for the vertebrae are badly preserved, but some information can be obtained. These facets are more transversely expanded than anteroposteriorly, and the lateral edge is laterally projected (some rugosities are present laterally, below the articular facets). A posterior rugosity is present right below these facets. The proximal end is interpreted as open, i.e. the chevrons are not dorsally bridged.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFB6D65AFCF2DD9D9EAF7D7D" blockId="15.[825,1475,144,1609]" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">
|
||
The distal end is transversely compressed being anteroposteriorly longer than mediolaterally(the transverse compression becomes more significant towards the posteriormost preserved element, SAV05-060chc). The distal end is posteriorly deflected (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB6D65AFC0FDA1899077F47" box="[936,1112,1115,1139]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="16.[113,178,1392,1416]" captionTargetBox="[116,1454,150,1363]" captionTargetId="figure-251@16.[114,1458,145,1364]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 8. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., anterior chevrons from the holotype specimen.Anterior chevron SAV05-060chb (A–E), SAV05-063 (F–J), SAV05-060cha (K–O), and SAV05-060chc (P–T) in dorsal (A, F, K, P; anterior towards bottom side), anterior (B, G, L, Q), left lateral (C, H, M, R), posterior (D, I, N, S), and right lateral (E, J, O, T) views.Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; gr, groove; pcr, posterior crest; st, step. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241190/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Fig. 8C, H, M, R</figureCitation>
|
||
). The anterior and posterior edges are acute, resulting in anterior and posterior crests. The anterior crest preserves a step (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB6D65AFBB8DAD999D57F85" box="[1055,1162,1178,1202]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="16.[113,178,1392,1416]" captionTargetBox="[116,1454,150,1363]" captionTargetId="figure-251@16.[114,1458,145,1364]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 8. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., anterior chevrons from the holotype specimen.Anterior chevron SAV05-060chb (A–E), SAV05-063 (F–J), SAV05-060cha (K–O), and SAV05-060chc (P–T) in dorsal (A, F, K, P; anterior towards bottom side), anterior (B, G, L, Q), left lateral (C, H, M, R), posterior (D, I, N, S), and right lateral (E, J, O, T) views.Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; gr, groove; pcr, posterior crest; st, step. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241190/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Fig. 8O, H</figureCitation>
|
||
) that is absent in the more anterior chevrons of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB6D65AFC50DAF9999D7FE5" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1015,1218,1210,1233]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFC50DAF9999D7FE5" box="[1015,1218,1210,1233]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[a step appears from the seventh chevron, at a more distal position (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB6D65AFB5BDA9A98E87FC4" author="Royo-Torres" box="[1276,1463,1240,1265]" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) than the anterior step observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB6D65AFB0BDABB98F37E24" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[1196,1452,1272,1296]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFB0BDABB98F37E24" box="[1196,1452,1272,1296]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)] and of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB6D65AFC21DB5B9E267E7A" authority="(Torcida Fernandez-Baldor et al. 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor" baseAuthorityYear="2017" genus="Europatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eastwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFC21DB5B993B7E1B" box="[902,1124,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Europatitan eastwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB6D65AFBDFDB549E327E7A" author="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F & Canudo JI & Huerta P" journalOrPublisher="PeerJ" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" pagination="3409" part="5" refId="ref49504" refString="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F, Canudo JI, Huerta P et al. Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia. PeerJ 2017; 5: e 3409." title="Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Torcida Fernández-Baldor
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFA37DB5B989C7E1B" box="[1424,1475,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The posterior edge is convex to straight in lateral view (no step is present as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB6D65AFBA9DB159EB37EB9" authority=", Torcida Fernandez-Baldor et al. 2017" authorityName="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor" authorityYear="2017" genus="Europatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eastwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFBA9DB1599AF7E5A" box="[1038,1264,1366,1390]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Europatitan eastwoodi,</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB6D65AFB50DB159EB37EB9" author="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F & Canudo JI & Huerta P" journalOrPublisher="PeerJ" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" pagination="3409" part="5" refId="ref49504" refString="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F, Canudo JI, Huerta P et al. Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia. PeerJ 2017; 5: e 3409." title="Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Torcida Fernández-Baldor
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFC23DB359EEC7EB9" box="[900,947,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Above this anterior crest and below the end of the haemal canal there is a triangular depression that persists in the preserved series of chevrons. Similarly, in the posterior surface of the distal end, there is a subtriangular depression below the end of the haemal canal, but only in the first preserved chevron. The lateral surface of the distal end is striated, and no bulge is observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFB6D65AFBE4D82A99E77DB7" blockId="15.[825,1474,1641,1985]" box="[1091,1208,1641,1667]" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFBE4D82A99E77DB7" box="[1091,1208,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Interclavicle:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFB6D645FC9ED8CC9C6B7D57" blockId="15.[825,1474,1641,1985]" lastBlockId="16.[113,763,1548,1635]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">
|
||
SAV05-055 shares a similar morphology to elements that have been interpreted as interclavicles such as NMB-1698-
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FFB6D65AFAD3D8EC98D97DF3" box="[1396,1414,1711,1735]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">R</collectionCode>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFB6D65AFC9ED88D990E7DD2" authorityName="Remes, Ortega, Fierro, Joger, Kosma, Ferrer, Idé & Maga" authorityYear="2009" box="[825,1105,1742,1766]" class="Reptilia" genus="Spinophorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigerensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFB6D65AFC9ED88D990E7DD2" box="[825,1105,1742,1766]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Spinophorosaurus nigerensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[see also: (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFB6D65AFB7AD88D9E327C31" author="Tschopp E & Mateus O" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Anatomy" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" pagination="321 - 40" part="222" refId="ref49545" refString="Tschopp E, Mateus O. Clavicles, interclavicles, gastralia, and sternal ribs in sauropod dinosaurs: new reports from Diplodocidae and their morphological, functional and evolutionary implications. Journal of Anatomy 2013; 222: 321 - 40." title="Clavicles, interclavicles, gastralia, and sternal ribs in sauropod dinosaurs: new reports from Diplodocidae and their morphological, functional and evolutionary implications" type="journal article" year="2013">Tschopp and Mateus 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)]. The proximal end of an interclavicle was found near the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFB6D65AFCC4D94E9EE07C11" box="[867,959,1805,1829]" pageId="15" pageNumber="229" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (SAV05-055,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB6D65AFB66D94E99A27C11" box="[1217,1277,1805,1829]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[129,194,1103,1127]" captionTargetBox="[134,773,145,1076]" captionTargetId="figure-871@17.[133,773,144,1076]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen.et sp. nov., interclavicle SAV05-060chb from the holotype specimen in proximal (A), anterior (B), left (C), posterior (D), and right (E) views; and crosssection (F). Missing edges indicated by dashed lines.Abbreviations: fct, facet; gr, groove; rdg, ridge; str, striation. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241194/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). The shaft of this interclavicle is anteroposteriorly compressed, with a transversely convex anterior surface and flat posterior one (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFB6D65AFA94D90898DF7C57" box="[1331,1408,1867,1891]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[129,194,1103,1127]" captionTargetBox="[134,773,145,1076]" captionTargetId="figure-871@17.[133,773,144,1076]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen.et sp. nov., interclavicle SAV05-060chb from the holotype specimen in proximal (A), anterior (B), left (C), posterior (D), and right (E) views; and crosssection (F). Missing edges indicated by dashed lines.Abbreviations: fct, facet; gr, groove; rdg, ridge; str, striation. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241194/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="229">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The proximal end becomes mediolaterally compressed, and the surface is striated. It is possible to identify a facet in the left side of the proximal end (the right face is not well individualized) for the contact with coracoids (following:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA9D645FD84D84F9DFA7D77" author="Tschopp E & Mateus O" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Anatomy" pageId="16" pageNumber="230" pagination="321 - 40" part="222" refId="ref49545" refString="Tschopp E, Mateus O. Clavicles, interclavicles, gastralia, and sternal ribs in sauropod dinosaurs: new reports from Diplodocidae and their morphological, functional and evolutionary implications. Journal of Anatomy 2013; 222: 321 - 40." title="Clavicles, interclavicles, gastralia, and sternal ribs in sauropod dinosaurs: new reports from Diplodocidae and their morphological, functional and evolutionary implications" type="journal article" year="2013">Tschopp and Mateus 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA9D645FF66D8689C537D77" box="[193,268,1579,1603]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[129,194,1103,1127]" captionTargetBox="[134,773,145,1076]" captionTargetId="figure-871@17.[133,773,144,1076]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen.et sp. nov., interclavicle SAV05-060chb from the holotype specimen in proximal (A), anterior (B), left (C), posterior (D), and right (E) views; and crosssection (F). Missing edges indicated by dashed lines.Abbreviations: fct, facet; gr, groove; rdg, ridge; str, striation. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241194/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="230">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The proximal tip of the interclavicle is pointed and not bifurcated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="57BCD0FCFFA9D645FFD6DB339E137EE8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241190" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11241190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241190/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="230" startId="16.[113,178,1392,1416]" targetBox="[116,1454,150,1363]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFA9D645FFD6DB339E137EE8" blockId="16.[113,1457,1392,1501]" pageId="16" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA9D645FFD6DB339D967EBC" bold="true" box="[113,201,1392,1416]" pageId="16" pageNumber="230">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA9D645FF69DB339CE87EBC" authority="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega, 2024" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[206,439,1392,1416]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="16" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA9D645FF69DB339CE87EBC" box="[206,439,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="230">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2A84E11DFFA9D645FE66DB329F137EBC" box="[449,588,1393,1417]" pageId="16" pageNumber="230" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, anterior chevrons from the holotype specimen. Anterior chevron SAV05-060chb (A–E), SAV05-063 (F–J), SAV05-060cha (K–O), and SAV05-060chc (P–T) in dorsal (A, F, K, P; anterior towards bottom side), anterior (B, G, L, Q), left lateral (C, H, M, R), posterior (D, I, N, S), and right lateral (E, J, O, T) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines.
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA9D645FB4DDBEB98397EF4" box="[1258,1382,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="230">Abbreviations</emphasis>
|
||
: acr, anterior crest; gr, groove; pcr, posterior crest; st, step. Scale bar equals 50 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFA9D645FE30D8C19C8B7DA8" blockId="16.[407,468,1666,1692]" box="[407,468,1666,1692]" pageId="16" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA9D645FE30D8C19C8B7DA8" box="[407,468,1666,1692]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="230">Pubes:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFA9D645FFD6D8EA999F7C0A" blockId="16.[113,762,1705,1979]" lastBlockId="16.[810,1459,1548,1854]" pageId="16" pageNumber="230">
|
||
The distal end of two pubes are described (right pubis, SAV05- 031a; left pubis, SAV05-31b;
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA9D645FE06D88B9CB87DD4" box="[417,487,1736,1760]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="18.[114,179,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[114,1457,145,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-7@18.[113,1460,144,1806]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 10. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., pubes from the paratype specimen. Left pubis SAV05-31b in posterior (A), lateral (B), anterior (C), and distal (E) views. Right pubis SAV05-31a in distal (D), posterior (F), and anterior (G) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241198/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="230">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Besides the difference in robustness between these two pubes (SAV05-031a and SAV05- 31b), they are referred as belonging the same individual, in this case, to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA9D645FE89D9659CD87C0A" box="[302,391,1830,1854]" pageId="16" pageNumber="230" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen, being recovered below its left femur. The pubic shaft is transversely compressed and slightly lateromedially and anteroposteriorly expanded in its distal end [differing from a planar distal blade common in several titanosaurs,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA9D645FEBDD9E79CAE7C8F" author="Poropat" box="[282,497,1955,1979]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Poropat" pageId="16" pageNumber="230" pagination="34467" refId="ref47479" refString="Poropat SF, Mannion PD, Upchurch P et al. New Australian sauropods shed light on Cretaceous dinosaur palaeobiogeography. Scientific Reports 2016; 6: 34467." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Poropat
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA9D645FED6D9E79CFE7C8F" box="[369,417,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="230">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2016)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]. The anterodistal edge is not projected, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA9D645FC5DD84E9EBB7D77" authority="(Torcida Fernandez-Baldor et al. 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor" baseAuthorityYear="2017" genus="Europatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eastwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA9D645FC5DD84E99887D10" box="[1018,1239,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="230">Europatitan eastwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA9D645FB4ED84F9E877D77" author="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F & Canudo JI & Huerta P" journalOrPublisher="PeerJ" pageId="16" pageNumber="230" pagination="3409" part="5" refId="ref49504" refString="Torcida Fernandez-Baldor F, Canudo JI, Huerta P et al. Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia. PeerJ 2017; 5: e 3409." title="Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Torcida Fernández-Baldor
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA9D645FCD4D86F9EFE7D77" box="[883,929,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="230">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; in this regard, it differs from the hook-shaped profile present in the camarasaurid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA9D645FB35D8089EAC7DB6" authority="(Mocho et al. 2014)" baseAuthorityName="Mocho" baseAuthorityYear="2014" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Lourinhasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alenquerensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA9D645FB35D80898EC7D57" box="[1170,1459,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="230">Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Mocho
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA9D645FC24D8289EEE7DB6" box="[899,945,1642,1666]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="230">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the titanosaurforms
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA9D645FB55D8299E867D95" authority="(Janensch 1961)" baseAuthorityName="Janensch" baseAuthorityYear="1961" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="16" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brancai">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA9D645FB55D82998EC7DB6" box="[1266,1459,1642,1666]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="230">Giraffatitan brancai</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA9D645FC9FD8CA9E917D95" author="Janensch" box="[824,974,1673,1697]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="16" pageNumber="230" pagination="177 - 235" refId="ref45516" refString="Janensch W. Die Gliedmaszen und Gliedmaszengurtel der Sauropoden der Tendaguru-Schichten. Palaeontographica, Supplementbande 1961; 7: 177 - 235." type="journal article" year="1961">Janensch 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA9D645FBAAD8C999867D95" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1037,1241,1674,1697]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="16" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA9D645FBAAD8C999867D95" box="[1037,1241,1674,1697]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="230">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA9D645FB4DD8CA98F27D95" author="Canudo" box="[1258,1453,1673,1697]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Canudo" pageId="16" pageNumber="230" pagination="712 - 31" refId="ref43133" refString="Canudo JI, Royo-Torres R, Cuenca-Bescos G. A new sauropod: Tastavinsaurus sanzi gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) of Spain. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2008; 28: 712 - 31." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Canudo
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA9D645FAE4D8C9982B7D95" box="[1347,1396,1673,1697]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="230">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA9D645FC8DD8EA9EBC7DF5" author="Royo-Torres" box="[810,995,1705,1729]" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="16" pageNumber="230" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA9D645FC49D8EA99867DF5" author="Royo-Torres" box="[1006,1241,1705,1729]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="16" pageNumber="230" pagination="61 - 83" refId="ref47917" refString="Royo-Torres R, Alcala L, Cobos A. A new specimen of the Cretaceous sauropod Tastavinsaurus sanzi from El Castellar (Teruel, Spain), and a phylogenetic analysis of the Laurasiformes. Cretaceous Research 2012; 34: 61 - 83." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA9D645FBD4D8EA99FE7DF5" box="[1139,1185,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="230">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A medial triangular facet is present near the distal end, which is considered to be part of the symphysis. The distal surface is rough and concave transversely. No crests and tuberosities are observed on the lateral and medial surface of the preserved portion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFA9D645FBE0D91D99C97C43" blockId="16.[1095,1174,1886,1911]" box="[1095,1174,1886,1911]" pageId="16" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA9D645FBE0D91D99C97C43" box="[1095,1174,1886,1911]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="230">Femora:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFA9D644FC8DD9C69EEF7EB9" blockId="16.[810,1459,1924,1979]" lastBlockId="17.[825,1474,144,2016]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="231" pageId="16" pageNumber="230">
|
||
Four femora have been identified, two from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA9D645FA82D9C798DE7CA8" box="[1317,1409,1924,1948]" pageId="16" pageNumber="230" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (left, SAV05-023; right, SAV05-024;
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA9D645FB5AD9E098187C8F" box="[1277,1351,1955,1979]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[130,196,995,1019]" captionTargetBox="[133,1477,146,967]" captionTargetId="figure-536@19.[130,1477,144,968]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right femur SAV05-024 from the holotype specimen in anterior (A, B*), medial (C*), posterior (D, F*) lateral (G*), and distal (E, I*) views; and cross-section of diaphysis at minimal diameter (E; anterior towards top side). *3D digital model. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: ep, epicondyle; fic, fibular condyle; lg, longitudinal groove; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; icg, intercondylar groove; icr, intercondylar ridge; plf, posterolateral fossa; tic, tibial condyle. Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241200/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="230">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
) and two from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA8D644FF54DB519C137E1E" box="[243,332,1298,1322]" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (left, SAV05-031; and right, SAV05-013;
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA8D644FEAFDB729C0E7E7D" box="[264,337,1329,1353]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[152,1423,147,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-7@20.[149,1423,145,1812]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., femora from the paratype specimen. Left femur SAV05-031 in proximal (A), anterior (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), lateral (E), and distal (G) views. Right femur SAV05-013 in distal (F), anterior (H), lateral (I), posterior (J) and medial (K) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: ep, epicondyle; dp, depression; fh, femoral head; fic, fibular condyle; ft, fourth trochanter; lg, longitudinal groove; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; icg, intercondylar groove; mco, medial concavity to the fourth trochanter; plf, posterolateral fossa; st, step; tic, tibial condyle; ts, trochanteric shelf. Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241202/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). The most complete femur of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA8D644FD74DB729DF07E5D" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen is the right one, which lacks a sector of the proximal end. Considering the two other remains from the proximal half, which are still unprepared (including the femora head), we tentatively estimate a proximodistal length of around 1.9–2.0 m. Only the distal end of the left femur was recovered. In the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA8D644FF26DBAD9D837D32" box="[129,220,1518,1542]" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, the left femur is complete but presents some deformation and the right femur lacks the proximal half. The femur is straight in lateral and anterior views and has an important medial deflection of the proximal one-third (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA8D644FDA5D8089F287D57" box="[514,631,1611,1635]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[152,1423,147,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-7@20.[149,1423,145,1812]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., femora from the paratype specimen. Left femur SAV05-031 in proximal (A), anterior (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), lateral (E), and distal (G) views. Right femur SAV05-013 in distal (F), anterior (H), lateral (I), posterior (J) and medial (K) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: ep, epicondyle; dp, depression; fh, femoral head; fic, fibular condyle; ft, fourth trochanter; lg, longitudinal groove; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; icg, intercondylar groove; mco, medial concavity to the fourth trochanter; plf, posterolateral fossa; st, step; tic, tibial condyle; ts, trochanteric shelf. Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241202/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">Fig. 12B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The femoral proximolateral margin is medial to the lateral margin of the distal half of the shaft as in other macronarians (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA8D644FDD5D8C99D8D7DF5" author="Royo-Torres" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" pagination="61 - 83" refId="ref47917" refString="Royo-Torres R, Alcala L, Cobos A. A new specimen of the Cretaceous sauropod Tastavinsaurus sanzi from El Castellar (Teruel, Spain), and a phylogenetic analysis of the Laurasiformes. Cretaceous Research 2012; 34: 61 - 83." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FD5FD8C89DC67DF5" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA8D644FF7AD8EA9CF57DF5" author="Mannion" box="[221,426,1705,1729]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FEE5D8E99C2E7DF5" box="[322,369,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but differing from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA8D644FDD0D8E99DEC7DD4" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FDD0D8E99DEC7DD4" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which lacks a strong medial deflection. This results in a well-developed lateral bulge, representing 44% of the narrowest transverse width of the femoral shaft (following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA8D644FD1DD9449DB27C0B" author="Salgado" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Salgado" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" pagination="332" refId="ref48439" refString="Salgado L, Coria RA, Calvo JO. Evolution of titanosaurid sauropods. I: phylogenetic analysis based on the postcranial evidence. Ameghiniana 1997; 34: 332." type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Salgado
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FF27D9649DED7C0A" box="[128,178,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which might have been affected by some deformation. Considering the whole femoral morphology, particularly the distolateral projection of the distal end of the trochanteric shelf, which is not expected to be affected by the anteroposterior deformation of the femur, we consider plausible the presence of one of the most developed lateral bulges in sauropods, which would be characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA8D644FB37DED398D17B9C" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[1168,1422,144,168]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FB37DED398D17B9C" box="[1168,1422,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The diaphyses of these femora are markedly anteroposteriorly compressed. The mediolateral width of the diaphysis is around 3.23 times the anteroposterior width in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA8D644FB60DEAD987A7A32" box="[1223,1317,238,262]" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, and 2.67–2.99 times in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA8D644FC1CDF4D994B7A12" box="[955,1044,270,294]" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen, which is markedly higher than in other titanosauriforms from the Early Cretaceous of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7BD4C0E4FFA8D644FA21DF6F989D7A70" box="[1414,1474,300,324]" name="Georgia" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">Iberia</collectingCountry>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA8D644FCE3DF0F994B7A57" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[836,1044,332,355]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FCE3DF0F994B7A57" box="[836,1044,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 1.67–1.5 times,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA8D644FB41DF0F98E47A50" author="Royo-Torres" box="[1254,1467,332,356]" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA8D644FC9EDF28994D7AB7" box="[825,1042,363,387]" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Soriatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="golmayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FC9EDF28994D7AB7" box="[825,1042,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">Soriatitan golmayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 2.18,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA8D644FBC3DF2F982E7AB7" author="Royo-Torres" box="[1124,1393,363,388]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" pagination="38 - 55" refId="ref48006" refString="Royo-Torres R, Fuentes C, Meijide M et al. A new Brachiosauridae Sauropod dinosaur from the lower Cretaceous of Europe (Soria Province, Spain). Cretaceous Research 2017 a; 80: 38 - 55." type="journal article" year="2017" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FB4EDF2F98477AB7" box="[1257,1304,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]. These values are possibly slightly affected by some crushing, but we believe that it is not to significant. The cross-section of the diaphysis is elliptical, slightly anteroposteriorly wide in the lateral half. In the posterior surface, a broad trochanteric shelf emerges from the reduced greater trochanter that fades away at level of bulge apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA8D644FC1DDC64994B790B" box="[954,1044,551,575]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[152,1423,147,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-7@20.[149,1423,145,1812]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., femora from the paratype specimen. Left femur SAV05-031 in proximal (A), anterior (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), lateral (E), and distal (G) views. Right femur SAV05-013 in distal (F), anterior (H), lateral (I), posterior (J) and medial (K) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: ep, epicondyle; dp, depression; fh, femoral head; fic, fibular condyle; ft, fourth trochanter; lg, longitudinal groove; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; icg, intercondylar groove; mco, medial concavity to the fourth trochanter; plf, posterolateral fossa; st, step; tic, tibial condyle; ts, trochanteric shelf. Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241202/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The trochanteric shelf has a prominent proximomedial-to-distolateral orientation, which is considered as autapomorphic. The fourth trochanter is located at the posteromedial border of the shaft, is dorsoventrally elongated ridge, and its distal tip is placed above femur midheight. It is associated with a medial and proximodistally elongated depression (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA8D644FCE3DCA09EC979CF" box="[836,918,739,763]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[152,1423,147,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-7@20.[149,1423,145,1812]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., femora from the paratype specimen. Left femur SAV05-031 in proximal (A), anterior (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), lateral (E), and distal (G) views. Right femur SAV05-013 in distal (F), anterior (H), lateral (I), posterior (J) and medial (K) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: ep, epicondyle; dp, depression; fh, femoral head; fic, fibular condyle; ft, fourth trochanter; lg, longitudinal groove; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; icg, intercondylar groove; mco, medial concavity to the fourth trochanter; plf, posterolateral fossa; st, step; tic, tibial condyle; ts, trochanteric shelf. Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241202/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">Fig. 12E</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA8D644FC4DDCA0991A79CF" box="[1002,1093,739,763]" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, the fourth trochanter is medially projected, being observed in anterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA8D644FB7BDD41986E782E" box="[1244,1329,770,794]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[152,1423,147,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-7@20.[149,1423,145,1812]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., femora from the paratype specimen. Left femur SAV05-031 in proximal (A), anterior (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), lateral (E), and distal (G) views. Right femur SAV05-013 in distal (F), anterior (H), lateral (I), posterior (J) and medial (K) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: ep, epicondyle; dp, depression; fh, femoral head; fic, fibular condyle; ft, fourth trochanter; lg, longitudinal groove; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; icg, intercondylar groove; mco, medial concavity to the fourth trochanter; plf, posterolateral fossa; st, step; tic, tibial condyle; ts, trochanteric shelf. Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241202/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
|
||
). This feature was recovered as synapomorphy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA8D644FB0BDD619EEF786D" authority="(Mannion et al. 2013)" baseAuthorityName="Mannion" baseAuthorityYear="2013" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
|
||
Brachiosauridae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA8D644FAC4DD619EFA786D" author="Mannion" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FC9EDD019E35786D" box="[825,874,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA8D644FBC4DD019E26784C" authority="(Royo-Torres 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FBC4DD01986F786D" box="[1123,1328,834,857]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA8D644FAE5DD029E32784C" author="Royo-Torres" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, this medial projection of the fourth trochanter can be a consequence of deformation, and the full preparation of the femur of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA8D644FB85DDDC99217883" box="[1058,1150,927,951]" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
might provide some insights about the orientation of the fourth trochanter. The femoral anterior surface bears a longitudinal crest, distally and proximally marked (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA8D644FC30DDBE9EAE7F21" box="[919,1009,1021,1045]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[130,196,995,1019]" captionTargetBox="[133,1477,146,967]" captionTargetId="figure-536@19.[130,1477,144,968]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right femur SAV05-024 from the holotype specimen in anterior (A, B*), medial (C*), posterior (D, F*) lateral (G*), and distal (E, I*) views; and cross-section of diaphysis at minimal diameter (E; anterior towards top side). *3D digital model. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: ep, epicondyle; fic, fibular condyle; lg, longitudinal groove; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; icg, intercondylar groove; icr, intercondylar ridge; plf, posterolateral fossa; tic, tibial condyle. Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241200/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">Figs 11A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA8D644FC5ADDBE991A7F20" box="[1021,1093,1021,1045]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[152,1423,147,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-7@20.[149,1423,145,1812]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., femora from the paratype specimen. Left femur SAV05-031 in proximal (A), anterior (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), lateral (E), and distal (G) views. Right femur SAV05-013 in distal (F), anterior (H), lateral (I), posterior (J) and medial (K) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: ep, epicondyle; dp, depression; fh, femoral head; fic, fibular condyle; ft, fourth trochanter; lg, longitudinal groove; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; icg, intercondylar groove; mco, medial concavity to the fourth trochanter; plf, posterolateral fossa; st, step; tic, tibial condyle; ts, trochanteric shelf. Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241202/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">12B, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). This crest is interpreted as the linea intermuscularis cranialis present in some lithostrotians (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA8D644FA22DA5F9E327F60" author="Otero" firstAuthor="Otero" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" pagination="399 - 426" refId="ref47072" refString="Otero A. The appendicular skeleton of Neuquensaurus, a Late Cretaceous saltasaurine sauropod from Patagonia, Argentina. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 2010; 55: 399 - 426." type="journal article" year="2010">Otero 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA8D644FCD9DA7899537F60" author="D'Emic MD" box="[894,1036,1083,1108]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" pagination="624 - 71" part="166" refId="ref43918" refString="D'Emic MD. The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2012; 166: 624 - 71." title="The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="2012">D’Emic 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and in the non-lithostrotian titanosaur
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA8D644FC9EDA1F99167F47" box="[825,1097,1115,1139]" class="Reptilia" genus="Diamantinasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matildae">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FC9EDA1F99167F47" box="[825,1097,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">Diamantinasaurus matildae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA8D644FBFFDA18984B7F47" author="Poropat" box="[1112,1300,1115,1139]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Poropat" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" pagination="995 - 1033" refId="ref47434" refString="Poropat SF, Upchurch P, Mannion PD et al. Revision of the sauropod dinosaur Diamantinasaurus matildae Hocknull et al. 2009 from the mid-Cretaceous of Australia: implications for Gondwanan titanosauriform dispersal. Gondwana Research 2015; 27: 995 - 1033." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Poropat
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FB09DA1F99837F47" box="[1198,1244,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA8D644FAB9DA18980D7F47" author="Poropat" box="[1310,1362,1115,1139]" firstAuthor="Poropat" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" pagination="221618" refId="ref47643" refString="Poropat SF, Mannion PD, Rigby SL et al. A nearly complete skull of the sauropod dinosaur Diamantinasaurus matildae from the Upper Cretaceous Winton Formation of Australia and implications for the early evolution of titanosaurs. Royal Society Open Science 2023; 10: 221618." type="journal article" year="2023">2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The femoral head is elliptical in proximal view, anteroposteriorly compressed, probably accentuated due the deformation. The femoral head is dorsomedially projected, and the proximal surface is rough and convex. There is a step below the femoral head, absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA8D644FCF4DABB99427E3B" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[851,1053,1272,1295]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FCF4DABB99427E3B" box="[851,1053,1272,1295]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA8D644FB8ADAB499B27E24" author="Canudo" box="[1069,1261,1271,1296]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Canudo" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" pagination="712 - 31" refId="ref43133" refString="Canudo JI, Royo-Torres R, Cuenca-Bescos G. A new sauropod: Tastavinsaurus sanzi gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) of Spain. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2008; 28: 712 - 31." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Canudo
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FB22DABB99EB7E3B" box="[1157,1204,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA8D644FB5FDABB98EE7E24" author="Royo-Torres" box="[1272,1457,1272,1296]" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The region between the lateral bulge and greater trochanter is anteriorposterioly compressed, and the bulge is anterolaterally deflected. The anterior and posterior surfaces of the lateral bulge are striated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="57BCD0FCFFA8D644FF26DA0C9E567FE3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241194" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11241194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241194/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" startId="17.[129,194,1103,1127]" targetBox="[134,773,145,1076]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFA8D644FF26DA0C9E567FE3" blockId="17.[129,777,1103,1240]" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FF26DA0C9D877F53" bold="true" box="[129,216,1103,1127]" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA8D644FF7ADA0C9C987F53" authority="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega, 2024" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[221,455,1103,1127]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FF7ADA0C9C987F53" box="[221,455,1103,1127]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2A84E11DFFA8D644FE76DA139F047F53" box="[465,603,1104,1128]" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, interclavicle SAV05-060chb from the holotype specimen in proximal (A), anterior (B), left (C), posterior (D), and right (E) views; and crosssection (F). Missing edges indicated by dashed lines.
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FDD3DAE09FAF7F8F" box="[628,752,1187,1211]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">Abbreviations</emphasis>
|
||
: fct, facet; gr, groove; rdg, ridge; str, striation. Scale bar equals 50 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFA8D646FCF2DBD79C387C71" blockId="17.[825,1474,144,2016]" lastBlockId="19.[129,778,1179,1861]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="233" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">
|
||
The distal end of the femur is smoothly concave anteriorly and posteriorly. The tibial condyle is longer anteroposterioly than the fibular one, and both bear rough and convex surfaces (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA8D644FCE3DBB19EFB7D3E" box="[836,932,1522,1546]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[130,196,995,1019]" captionTargetBox="[133,1477,146,967]" captionTargetId="figure-536@19.[130,1477,144,968]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right femur SAV05-024 from the holotype specimen in anterior (A, B*), medial (C*), posterior (D, F*) lateral (G*), and distal (E, I*) views; and cross-section of diaphysis at minimal diameter (E; anterior towards top side). *3D digital model. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: ep, epicondyle; fic, fibular condyle; lg, longitudinal groove; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; icg, intercondylar groove; icr, intercondylar ridge; plf, posterolateral fossa; tic, tibial condyle. Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241200/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">Figs 11H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA8D644FC17DBB19EA87D3E" box="[944,1015,1522,1546]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[152,1423,147,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-7@20.[149,1423,145,1812]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., femora from the paratype specimen. Left femur SAV05-031 in proximal (A), anterior (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), lateral (E), and distal (G) views. Right femur SAV05-013 in distal (F), anterior (H), lateral (I), posterior (J) and medial (K) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: ep, epicondyle; dp, depression; fh, femoral head; fic, fibular condyle; ft, fourth trochanter; lg, longitudinal groove; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; icg, intercondylar groove; mco, medial concavity to the fourth trochanter; plf, posterolateral fossa; st, step; tic, tibial condyle; ts, trochanteric shelf. Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241202/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">12F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The medial surface of the tibial condyle is flat as in other sauropods such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA8D644FB38D85299537D7D" authority="(Mocho et al. 2014)" baseAuthorityName="Mocho" baseAuthorityYear="2014" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Lourinhasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alenquerensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FB38D852989D7D1D" box="[1183,1474,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Mocho
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FC31D8729E997D7D" box="[918,966,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA8D644FBE6D87298E27D7D" authority="(Janensch 1961)" baseAuthorityName="Janensch" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[1089,1469,1585,1609]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brancai">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FBE6D872985A7D7D" box="[1089,1285,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">Giraffatitan brancai</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA8D644FABCD87298EE7D7D" author="Janensch" box="[1307,1457,1585,1609]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" pagination="177 - 235" refId="ref45516" refString="Janensch W. Die Gliedmaszen und Gliedmaszengurtel der Sauropoden der Tendaguru-Schichten. Palaeontographica, Supplementbande 1961; 7: 177 - 235." type="journal article" year="1961">Janensch 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In distal view, the condyles are anteroposteriorly oriented. The distal end is perpendicular and slightly laterally bevelled (less than 10° from the horizontal), differing from the laterally bevelled distal end of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA8D644FBBBD8ED98457DF2" box="[1052,1306,1710,1734]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Cedarosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weiskopfae">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FBBBD8ED98457DF2" box="[1052,1306,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">Cedarosaurus weiskopfae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA8D644FA97D8EC9E337DD1" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FA97D8EC9E337DD1" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA8D644FC23D88D99347DD1" box="[900,1131,1741,1765]" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Soriatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="golmayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FC23D88D99347DD1" box="[900,1131,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">Soriatitan golmayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA8D644FB24D88E98E27DD1" box="[1155,1469,1741,1765]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Phuwiangosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sirindhornae">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FB24D88E98E27DD1" box="[1155,1469,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA8D644FC98D8AE995C7C30" authorityName="' (Rose" authorityYear="2007" box="[831,1027,1773,1797]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Paluxysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jonesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FC98D8AE995C7C30" box="[831,1027,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">Paluxysaurus jonesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ [considered as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA8D644FB1DD8AE98C27C31" baseAuthorityName="Rose" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[1210,1437,1773,1797]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sauroposeidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="proteles">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FB1DD8AE98C27C31" box="[1210,1437,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">Sauroposeidon proteles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA8D644FC9ED94F993B7C10" author="D'Emic and Foreman" box="[825,1124,1804,1828]" firstAuthor="D'Emic" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" pagination="883 - 902" refId="ref43981" refString="D'Emic MD, Foreman BZ. The beginning of the sauropod dinosaur hiatus in North America: insights from the Lower Cretaceous Cloverly Formation of Wyoming. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2012; 32: 883 - 902." type="journal article" year="2012">D’Emic and Foreman (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
], and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA8D644FB03D94E98297C10" authorityName="Mannion, Allain & Moine" authorityYear="2017" box="[1188,1398,1804,1828]" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Vouivria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="damparensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FB03D94E98297C10" box="[1188,1398,1804,1828]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">Vouivria damparensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
among others (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA8D644FC16D96899217C77" author="Mannion" box="[945,1150,1835,1859]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FBB1D96F991A7C77" box="[1046,1093,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA8D644FB2ED96899E27C77" author="Mannion" box="[1161,1213,1835,1859]" firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" pagination="3217" refId="ref46011" refString="Mannion PD, Allain R, Moine O. The earliest known titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur and the evolution of Brachiosauridae. PeerJ 2017; 5: e 3217." type="journal article" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA8D644FB6ED96898577C77" author="Mannion" box="[1225,1288,1835,1859]" firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" pagination="191057" refId="ref46040" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Jin X et al. New information on the Cretaceous sauropod dinosaurs of Zhejiang Province, China: impact on Laurasian titanosauriform phylogeny and biogeography. Royal Society Open Science 2019 a; 6: 191057." type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA8D644FA8CD96F9EC97C57" author="Royo-Torres" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" pagination="38 - 55" refId="ref48006" refString="Royo-Torres R, Fuentes C, Meijide M et al. A new Brachiosauridae Sauropod dinosaur from the lower Cretaceous of Europe (Soria Province, Spain). Cretaceous Research 2017 a; 80: 38 - 55." type="journal article" year="2017" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FA16D96F9E0D7C57" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The anterior expansion of the distal condyles is not significant unlike some lithostrotians (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA8D644FB67D929981D7CB6" author="Wilson JA" box="[1216,1346,1898,1922]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" pagination="215 - 75" part="136" refId="ref50238" refString="Wilson JA. Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2002; 136: 215 - 75." title="Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis" type="journal article" year="2002">Wilson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA8D644FAEAD9299ED67C95" author="Mannion" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FA16D9289E0D7C95" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA8D644FC33D9CA9E8C7C95" author="Mannion" box="[916,979,1929,1953]" firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" pagination="191057" refId="ref46040" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Jin X et al. New information on the Cretaceous sauropod dinosaurs of Zhejiang Province, China: impact on Laurasian titanosauriform phylogeny and biogeography. Royal Society Open Science 2019 a; 6: 191057." type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b). The tibial to fibular condylar anteroposterior length ratio is less than 1.2 as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA8D644FB33D9EA98307CF5" box="[1172,1391,1961,1985]" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Soriatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="golmayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FB33D9EA98307CF5" box="[1172,1391,1961,1985]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">Soriatitan golmayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA8D644FA25D9EA9EA27CD4" author="Royo-Torres" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" pagination="38 - 55" refId="ref48006" refString="Royo-Torres R, Fuentes C, Meijide M et al. A new Brachiosauridae Sauropod dinosaur from the lower Cretaceous of Europe (Soria Province, Spain). Cretaceous Research 2017 a; 80: 38 - 55." type="journal article" year="2017" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FC23D98A9EE97CD4" box="[900,950,1992,2016]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA8D644FBAAD98B99B27CD4" author="Mannion" box="[1037,1261,1992,2016]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" pagination="784 - 909" refId="ref46083" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Schwarz D et al. Taxonomic affinities of the putative titanosaurs from the Late Jurassic Tendaguru Formation of Tanzania: phylogenetic and biogeographic implications for eusauropod dinosaur evolution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2019 b; 185: 784 - 909." type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA8D644FBD3D98A99F97CD4" box="[1140,1190,1992,2016]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="231">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), differing from the condition, which seems to characterize the Somphospondyli clade [1.2 or greater (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAAD646FEF9DAF89F757FE7" author="Mannion" box="[350,554,1211,1235]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="19" pageNumber="233" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAAD646FE65DAFF9CAE7FE7" box="[450,497,1211,1235]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) based on the LSDM matrix), including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAAD646FE9ADA989F597FC6" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[317,518,1243,1266]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAAD646FE9ADA989F597FC6" box="[317,518,1243,1266]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The ratio of mediolateral breadth of tibial condyle to breadth of fibular condyle is less than 0.8 (0.69–0.79), as occur in the brachiosaurids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAAD646FDD8DB5A9DBD7E64" baseAuthorityName="D'Emic" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Brachiosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altithorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAAD646FDD8DB5A9DBD7E64" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">Brachiosaurus altithorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAAD646FE86DB7B9CB57E64" baseAuthorityName="Janensch" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[289,490,1336,1360]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brancai">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAAD646FE86DB7B9CB57E64" box="[289,490,1336,1360]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">Giraffatitan brancai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAAD646FD8DDB7A9E5B7E64" authorityName="Mannion, Allain & Moine" authorityYear="2017" box="[554,772,1336,1360]" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Vouivria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="19" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="damparensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAAD646FD8DDB7A9E5B7E64" box="[554,772,1336,1360]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">Vouivria damparensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in many somphospondylans (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAAD646FE4EDB149F2F7E44" author="Wilson JA" box="[489,624,1367,1392]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="19" pageNumber="233" pagination="215 - 75" part="136" refId="ref50238" refString="Wilson JA. Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2002; 136: 215 - 75." title="Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis" type="journal article" year="2002">Wilson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAAD646FDD9DB1B9DEA7EBB" author="Poropat" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Poropat" pageId="19" pageNumber="233" pagination="34467" refId="ref47479" refString="Poropat SF, Mannion PD, Upchurch P et al. New Australian sauropods shed light on Cretaceous dinosaur palaeobiogeography. Scientific Reports 2016; 6: 34467." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Poropat
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAAD646FD7FDB1B9E557E5B" box="[728,778,1367,1391]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This ratio is greater than 0.8 in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAAD646FDB7DB349F837EBA" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[528,732,1399,1422]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAAD646FDB7DB349F837EBA" box="[528,732,1399,1422]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAAD646FF26DBD59C027E9A" box="[129,349,1430,1454]" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Soriatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="19" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="golmayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAAD646FF26DBD59C027E9A" box="[129,349,1430,1454]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">Soriatitan golmayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAAD646FED6DBD49F727E9A" author="Royo-Torres" box="[369,557,1430,1455]" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="19" pageNumber="233" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAAD646FD9BDBD49E5B7E9A" author="Poropat" box="[572,772,1430,1454]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Poropat" pageId="19" pageNumber="233" pagination="34467" refId="ref47479" refString="Poropat SF, Mannion PD, Upchurch P et al. New Australian sauropods shed light on Cretaceous dinosaur palaeobiogeography. Scientific Reports 2016; 6: 34467." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Poropat
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAAD646FD31DBD49F977E9A" box="[662,712,1430,1454]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAAD646FF26DBF69C0A7EFA" author="Mannion" box="[129,341,1461,1486]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="19" pageNumber="233" pagination="3217" refId="ref46011" refString="Mannion PD, Allain R, Moine O. The earliest known titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur and the evolution of Brachiosauridae. PeerJ 2017; 5: e 3217." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAAD646FF4FDBF59C467EF9" box="[232,281,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAAD646FEC5DBF59CFD7EFA" author="Mannion" box="[354,418,1462,1486]" firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="19" pageNumber="233" pagination="191057" refId="ref46040" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Jin X et al. New information on the Cretaceous sauropod dinosaurs of Zhejiang Province, China: impact on Laurasian titanosauriform phylogeny and biogeography. Royal Society Open Science 2019 a; 6: 191057." type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAAD646FE6DDBF59F967EFA" author="Royo-Torres" box="[458,713,1461,1486]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="19" pageNumber="233" pagination="38 - 55" refId="ref48006" refString="Royo-Torres R, Fuentes C, Meijide M et al. A new Brachiosauridae Sauropod dinosaur from the lower Cretaceous of Europe (Soria Province, Spain). Cretaceous Research 2017 a; 80: 38 - 55." type="journal article" year="2017" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAAD646FDF5DBF59FDB7EF9" box="[594,644,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The epicondyle is laterally projected, well developed, and separated from fibular condyle by a longitudinal groove (more developed in the largest individual and referred to here as the posterolateral fossa;
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAAD646FF67D8709C667D7F" box="[192,313,1587,1611]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[130,196,995,1019]" captionTargetBox="[133,1477,146,967]" captionTargetId="figure-536@19.[130,1477,144,968]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right femur SAV05-024 from the holotype specimen in anterior (A, B*), medial (C*), posterior (D, F*) lateral (G*), and distal (E, I*) views; and cross-section of diaphysis at minimal diameter (E; anterior towards top side). *3D digital model. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: ep, epicondyle; fic, fibular condyle; lg, longitudinal groove; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; icg, intercondylar groove; icr, intercondylar ridge; plf, posterolateral fossa; tic, tibial condyle. Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241200/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">Figs 11D, G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAAD646FEE3D8709CF47D7E" box="[324,427,1587,1611]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[152,1423,147,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-7@20.[149,1423,145,1812]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., femora from the paratype specimen. Left femur SAV05-031 in proximal (A), anterior (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), lateral (E), and distal (G) views. Right femur SAV05-013 in distal (F), anterior (H), lateral (I), posterior (J) and medial (K) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: ep, epicondyle; dp, depression; fh, femoral head; fic, fibular condyle; ft, fourth trochanter; lg, longitudinal groove; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; icg, intercondylar groove; mco, medial concavity to the fourth trochanter; plf, posterolateral fossa; st, step; tic, tibial condyle; ts, trochanteric shelf. Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241202/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">12D, F–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). This epicondyle is developed up to the distal margin of the femur, being visible and individualized from the fibular condyle in distal view. The intercondylar region is anteroposteriorly compressed in both femora and, in anterior view, it is possible to observe a marked local concavity between the condyles in smallest individual, but unpronounced in the largest one. Small intercondylar ridges are present in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFAAD646FF26D94D9D827C12" box="[129,221,1806,1830]" pageId="19" pageNumber="233" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAAD646FEF3D94D9CF87C12" box="[340,423,1806,1830]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[130,196,995,1019]" captionTargetBox="[133,1477,146,967]" captionTargetId="figure-536@19.[130,1477,144,968]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right femur SAV05-024 from the holotype specimen in anterior (A, B*), medial (C*), posterior (D, F*) lateral (G*), and distal (E, I*) views; and cross-section of diaphysis at minimal diameter (E; anterior towards top side). *3D digital model. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: ep, epicondyle; fic, fibular condyle; lg, longitudinal groove; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; icg, intercondylar groove; icr, intercondylar ridge; plf, posterolateral fossa; tic, tibial condyle. Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241200/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">Fig. 11F</figureCitation>
|
||
), as occur in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAAD646FD97D94C9C3D7C71" authority="(Mannion et al. 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Mannion" baseAuthorityYear="2017" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Vouivria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="19" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dampariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAAD646FD97D94C9E567C12" box="[560,777,1806,1830]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">Vouivria dampariensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAAD646FF2CD96E9C097C71" author="Mannion" box="[139,342,1837,1861]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="19" pageNumber="233" pagination="3217" refId="ref46011" refString="Mannion PD, Allain R, Moine O. The earliest known titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur and the evolution of Brachiosauridae. PeerJ 2017; 5: e 3217." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAAD646FF48D96D9C417C71" box="[239,286,1837,1861]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="57BCD0FCFFABD647FFD5D9699C8B7C4E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241198" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11241198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241198/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="232" startId="18.[114,179,1834,1858]" targetBox="[114,1457,145,1802]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFABD647FFD5D9699C8B7C4E" blockId="18.[114,1420,1834,1914]" pageId="18" pageNumber="232">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFABD647FFD5D9699D887C76" bold="true" box="[114,215,1834,1858]" pageId="18" pageNumber="232">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFABD647FF7CD9699C9A7C76" authority="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega, 2024" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[219,453,1834,1858]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="18" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFABD647FF7CD9699C9A7C76" box="[219,453,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="232">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2A84E11DFFABD647FE68D9689F067C76" box="[463,601,1835,1859]" pageId="18" pageNumber="232" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, pubes from the paratype specimen. Left pubis SAV05-31b in posterior (A), lateral (B), anterior (C), and distal (E) views. Right pubis SAV05-31a in distal (D), posterior (F), and anterior (G) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Scale bar equals 50 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="57BCD0FCFFAAD646FF25DDA09C437F5F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241200" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11241200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241200/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="233" startId="19.[130,196,995,1019]" targetBox="[133,1477,146,967]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFAAD646FF25DDA09C437F5F" blockId="19.[130,1461,995,1132]" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAAD646FF25DDA09DB678CF" bold="true" box="[130,233,995,1019]" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAAD646FF49DDA79C8178C8" authority="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega, 2024" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[238,478,996,1020]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAAD646FF49DDA79C8178C8" box="[238,478,996,1020]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2A84E11DFFAAD646FE4FDDA79F2878CF" box="[488,631,996,1020]" pageId="19" pageNumber="233" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, right femur SAV05-024 from the holotype specimen in anterior (A, B*), medial (C*), posterior (D, F*) lateral (G*), and distal (E, I*) views; and cross-section of diaphysis at minimal diameter (E; anterior towards top side). *3D digital model. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines.
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAAD646FD63DA5F9E1C7F00" box="[708,835,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">Abbreviations</emphasis>
|
||
: ep, epicondyle; fic, fibular condyle; lg, longitudinal groove; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; icg, intercondylar groove; icr, intercondylar ridge; plf, posterolateral fossa; tic, tibial condyle. Scale bar equals 100 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFAAD646FE04D9269CB97C4B" blockId="19.[129,778,1893,1987]" box="[419,486,1893,1919]" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAAD646FE04D9269CB97C4B" box="[419,486,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">Tibiae:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFAAD643FF26D9CF9F267AB7" blockId="19.[129,778,1893,1987]" lastBlockId="22.[113,763,144,1045]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="236" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">
|
||
In the Sant Antoni de la Vespa fossil site, four tibiae were found: two from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFAAD646FEB6D9E89C327CF7" box="[273,365,1963,1987]" pageId="19" pageNumber="233" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (right, SAV05-065,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAAD646FD0ED9E89E5E7CF7" box="[681,769,1963,1987]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[129,194,1553,1577]" captionTargetBox="[138,1469,148,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-203@21.[129,1473,144,1525]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right tibia (SAV05-065), fibula (SAV05-064) and astragalus (SAV05-066) from the holotype specimen in proximal (A*), anterior (B*), medial (C*), posterior (D*), lateral (E*), and distal (F*) views.*3D digital model. Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; aspa, articular surface for the ascending process; cc, cnemial crest; lt, lateral trochanter; pvp, posteroventral process; tb, tuberosity; tia, tibial articular surface.Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241204/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
|
||
; left, SAV05-025, not prepared), and two from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFAAD646FA9BDADF98CA7F80" box="[1340,1429,1180,1204]" pageId="19" pageNumber="233" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
one (left, SAV05-036,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAAD646FC55DAF899377FE7" box="[1010,1128,1211,1235]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[115,180,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[116,1459,1109,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-592@22.[114,1461,1106,1843]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., tibiae from the paratype specimen.Right tibia (SAV05-032) in proximal (A), anterior (B), medial (C), posterior (D), lateral (E), and distal (F) views. Left tibia (SAV05-036) in proximal (I), anterior (G), medial (H), posterior (J), lateral (K), and distal (L) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: 2cc, second cnemial crest; aspa, articular surface for the ascending process; cc, cnemial crest; cr, crest; fia, fibular articular surface; pvp, posteroventral process.Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241206/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">Fig. 14G–L</figureCitation>
|
||
; and right, SAV05-032,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAAD646FAF9DAF89E197FC6" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[115,180,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[116,1459,1109,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-592@22.[114,1461,1106,1843]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., tibiae from the paratype specimen.Right tibia (SAV05-032) in proximal (A), anterior (B), medial (C), posterior (D), lateral (E), and distal (F) views. Left tibia (SAV05-036) in proximal (I), anterior (G), medial (H), posterior (J), lateral (K), and distal (L) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: 2cc, second cnemial crest; aspa, articular surface for the ascending process; cc, cnemial crest; cr, crest; fia, fibular articular surface; pvp, posteroventral process.Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241206/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">Fig. 14A– F</figureCitation>
|
||
, the most proximal section of the cnemial crest is fractured). The left tibia has a pronounced mediolateral compression and torsion between proximal and distal ends, and, in consequence, the morphological description will be mainly focused on the elements from the right side. The tibia is straight in anterior and lateral views (not arched as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAAD646FB05DB349EF07E9A" authority=", Mocho et al. 2017 a" authorityName="Mocho" authorityYear="2017" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Lusotitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atalaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAAD646FB05DB34982E7EBB" box="[1186,1393,1399,1423]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">Lusotitan atalaiensis,</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAAD646FADFDB349EF07E9A" author="Mocho" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mocho" pageId="19" pageNumber="233" pagination="789 - 817" refId="ref46530" refString="Mocho P, Royo-Torres R, Ortega F. New data of the Portuguese brachiosaurid Lusotitan atalaiensis (Sobral Formation, Upper Jurassic). Historical Biology 2017 a; 29: 789 - 817." type="journal article" year="2017" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Mocho
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAAD646FC9EDBD49E357E9A" box="[825,874,1430,1454]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The proximal section is D-shaped with a straight lateral edge (corresponding to the fibular articular facet) and a concave to straight posterior edge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAAD646FB05DB9699A37ED9" box="[1186,1276,1493,1517]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[129,194,1553,1577]" captionTargetBox="[138,1469,148,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-203@21.[129,1473,144,1525]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right tibia (SAV05-065), fibula (SAV05-064) and astragalus (SAV05-066) from the holotype specimen in proximal (A*), anterior (B*), medial (C*), posterior (D*), lateral (E*), and distal (F*) views.*3D digital model. Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; aspa, articular surface for the ascending process; cc, cnemial crest; lt, lateral trochanter; pvp, posteroventral process; tb, tuberosity; tia, tibial articular surface.Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241204/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">Figs 13A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAAD646FAAFDB96986B7ED9" box="[1288,1332,1493,1517]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[115,180,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[116,1459,1109,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-592@22.[114,1461,1106,1843]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., tibiae from the paratype specimen.Right tibia (SAV05-032) in proximal (A), anterior (B), medial (C), posterior (D), lateral (E), and distal (F) views. Left tibia (SAV05-036) in proximal (I), anterior (G), medial (H), posterior (J), lateral (K), and distal (L) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: 2cc, second cnemial crest; aspa, articular surface for the ascending process; cc, cnemial crest; cr, crest; fia, fibular articular surface; pvp, posteroventral process.Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241206/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">14C</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the proximal surface of the right tibia of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFAAD646FB0DDBB6985C7D39" box="[1194,1283,1525,1549]" pageId="19" pageNumber="233" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(SAV05-032), the perpendicular width to articular fibular facet (approximately the mediolateral width of the proximal end) has a similar width to its perpendicular (approximately the anteroposterior width of the proximal end). However, this mediolateral axis is slightly longer in the right tibia of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFAAD646FB87D8D299237D9D" box="[1056,1148,1681,1705]" pageId="19" pageNumber="233" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(SAV05-065), i.e. in the less deformed elements, the proximal end is slightly anteroposteriorly compressed. In the case of the left tibia of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFAAD646FAA4D89398017DDC" box="[1283,1374,1744,1768]" pageId="19" pageNumber="233" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, the proximal section has a mediolaterally compressed outline owing to deformation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAAD646FC6ED94D99487C12" box="[969,1047,1806,1830]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[115,180,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[116,1459,1109,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-592@22.[114,1461,1106,1843]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., tibiae from the paratype specimen.Right tibia (SAV05-032) in proximal (A), anterior (B), medial (C), posterior (D), lateral (E), and distal (F) views. Left tibia (SAV05-036) in proximal (I), anterior (G), medial (H), posterior (J), lateral (K), and distal (L) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: 2cc, second cnemial crest; aspa, articular surface for the ascending process; cc, cnemial crest; cr, crest; fia, fibular articular surface; pvp, posteroventral process.Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241206/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="233">Fig. 14I</figureCitation>
|
||
), but the axis perpendicular to the fibular articular facet is still the longest one, which possibly acquired a different orientation because of the torsion of the proximal end. The proximal surface is rough and flat with a circular depression in the medial two-thirds of the surface. The region near the articular facet of the fibula extends slightly distally. The lateral surface of the proximal section is smoothly concave bearing a subtriangular fibular articular facet. This surface is anteriorly bordered by the cnemial crest and posteriorly by a lateral crest rising from the proximal surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFACD640FE57D9489F347C17" box="[496,619,1803,1827]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[115,180,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[116,1459,1109,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-592@22.[114,1461,1106,1843]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., tibiae from the paratype specimen.Right tibia (SAV05-032) in proximal (A), anterior (B), medial (C), posterior (D), lateral (E), and distal (F) views. Left tibia (SAV05-036) in proximal (I), anterior (G), medial (H), posterior (J), lateral (K), and distal (L) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: 2cc, second cnemial crest; aspa, articular surface for the ascending process; cc, cnemial crest; cr, crest; fia, fibular articular surface; pvp, posteroventral process.Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241206/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="235">Fig. 14D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cnemial crest is round [
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFACD640FE86D9689C277C77" box="[289,376,1835,1859]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[129,194,1553,1577]" captionTargetBox="[138,1469,148,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-203@21.[129,1473,144,1525]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right tibia (SAV05-065), fibula (SAV05-064) and astragalus (SAV05-066) from the holotype specimen in proximal (A*), anterior (B*), medial (C*), posterior (D*), lateral (E*), and distal (F*) views.*3D digital model. Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; aspa, articular surface for the ascending process; cc, cnemial crest; lt, lateral trochanter; pvp, posteroventral process; tb, tuberosity; tia, tibial articular surface.Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241204/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="235">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
|
||
; unlike the triangular cnemial crest of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFACD640FF26D9089F757C56" authority="(Royo-Torres 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[129,554,1866,1890]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFACD640FF26D9089C117C56" box="[129,334,1867,1890]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="235">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFACD640FEC5D9099F407C56" author="Royo-Torres" box="[354,543,1866,1890]" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="21" pageNumber="235" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFACD640FD9FD9089C297CB5" authority="(Carballido et al. 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Carballido" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Europasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holgeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFACD640FD9FD9089E557C56" box="[568,778,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="235">Europasaurus holgeri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFACD640FF2CD92A9C347CB5" author="Carballido" box="[139,363,1897,1921]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carballido" pageId="21" pageNumber="235" pagination="739 - 81" refId="ref43534" refString="Carballido JL, Scheil M, Knotschke N et al. The appendicular skeleton of the dwarf macronarian sauropod Europasaurus holgeri from the Late Jurassic of Germany and a re-evaluation of its systematic affinities. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 2020; 18: 739 - 81." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Carballido
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFACD640FF58D9299C6F7CB5" box="[255,304,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="235">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFACD640FE0CD9299D957C95" authority="(Mocho et al. 2017 a)" baseAuthorityName="Mocho" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Lusotitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atalaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFACD640FE0CD9299F2A7CB5" box="[427,629,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="235">Lusotitan atalaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFACD640FD20D92A9DE07C95" author="Mocho" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mocho" pageId="21" pageNumber="235" pagination="789 - 817" refId="ref46530" refString="Mocho P, Royo-Torres R, Ortega F. New data of the Portuguese brachiosaurid Lusotitan atalaiensis (Sobral Formation, Upper Jurassic). Historical Biology 2017 a; 29: 789 - 817." type="journal article" year="2017" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Mocho
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFACD640FD7ED9299E557CB5" box="[729,778,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="235">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], asymmetrical (the ventral edge is longer) and laterally directed in the non-deformed elements. A laterally projected cnemial crest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFACD640FC68D8EE99777DF1" box="[975,1064,1709,1733]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[129,194,1553,1577]" captionTargetBox="[138,1469,148,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-203@21.[129,1473,144,1525]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right tibia (SAV05-065), fibula (SAV05-064) and astragalus (SAV05-066) from the holotype specimen in proximal (A*), anterior (B*), medial (C*), posterior (D*), lateral (E*), and distal (F*) views.*3D digital model. Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; aspa, articular surface for the ascending process; cc, cnemial crest; lt, lateral trochanter; pvp, posteroventral process; tb, tuberosity; tia, tibial articular surface.Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241204/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="235">Figs 13A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFACD640FB94D8EE99007DF1" box="[1075,1119,1709,1733]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[115,180,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[116,1459,1109,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-592@22.[114,1461,1106,1843]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., tibiae from the paratype specimen.Right tibia (SAV05-032) in proximal (A), anterior (B), medial (C), posterior (D), lateral (E), and distal (F) views. Left tibia (SAV05-036) in proximal (I), anterior (G), medial (H), posterior (J), lateral (K), and distal (L) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: 2cc, second cnemial crest; aspa, articular surface for the ascending process; cc, cnemial crest; cr, crest; fia, fibular articular surface; pvp, posteroventral process.Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241206/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="235">14C</figureCitation>
|
||
) is common in sauropods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFACD640FADFD8EE9EB57DD1" author="Wilson JA & Sereno PC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="21" pageNumber="235" pagination="1 - 68" part="5" refId="ref50402" refString="Wilson JA, Sereno PC. Early evolution and higher-level phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1998; 5: 1 - 68." title="Early evolution and higher-level phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="1998">Wilson and Sereno 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFACD640FC51D88F99237DD1" author="Wilson JA" box="[1014,1148,1740,1765]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="21" pageNumber="235" pagination="215 - 75" part="136" refId="ref50238" refString="Wilson JA. Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2002; 136: 215 - 75." title="Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis" type="journal article" year="2002">Wilson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFACD640FB2FD88F98057DD1" author="Mannion" box="[1160,1370,1740,1765]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="21" pageNumber="235" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFACD640FB48D88E987F7DD0" box="[1263,1312,1740,1764]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="235">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but it is anterolaterally projected in several titanosauriforms such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFACD640FC9ED94F99BE7C17" authority="(Royo-Torres 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[825,1249,1803,1828]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFACD640FC9ED94F99597C17" box="[825,1030,1804,1827]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="235">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFACD640FBBED94F998A7C17" author="Royo-Torres" box="[1049,1237,1803,1828]" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="21" pageNumber="235" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFACD640FA93D94898CF7C17" box="[1332,1424,1803,1827]" pageId="21" pageNumber="235" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFACD640FC31D96999CE7C76" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[918,1169,1834,1858]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFACD640FC31D96999CE7C76" box="[918,1169,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="235">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the cnemial crest expands becoming thicker proximally. The posterior surface of the cnemial crestpreservessomerugosities, butthe‘tuberculumfibularis’present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFACD640FC23D9CA99197C94" baseAuthorityName="Janensch" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[900,1094,1928,1953]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brancai">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFACD640FC23D9CA99197C94" box="[900,1094,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="235">Giraffatitan brancai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFACD640FBDED9CA9EEE7CF4" authority="(Mannion et al. 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Mannion" baseAuthorityYear="2017" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Vouivria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dampariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFACD640FBDED9CA980D7C94" box="[1145,1362,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="235">Vouivria dampariensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFACD640FAC4D9CB9EF97CF4" author="Mannion" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="21" pageNumber="235" pagination="3217" refId="ref46011" refString="Mannion PD, Allain R, Moine O. The earliest known titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur and the evolution of Brachiosauridae. PeerJ 2017; 5: e 3217." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFACD640FC9ED9EA9E347CF4" box="[825,875,1960,1984]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="235">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in many diplodocids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFACD640FB01D9EB987C7CF4" author="Harris" box="[1190,1315,1960,1984]" firstAuthor="Harris" pageId="21" pageNumber="235" pagination="501 - 22" refId="ref45276" refString="Harris JD. The appendicular skeleton of Suuwassea emilieae (Sauropoda: Flagellicaudata) from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Montana (USA). Geobios 2007; 40: 501 - 22." type="journal article" year="2007">Harris 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFACD643FA96D9EB9DFA7B9C" author="Tschopp E & Mateus O & Benson RBJ" journalOrPublisher="PeerJ" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="236" pageId="21" pageNumber="235" pagination="857" part="3" refId="ref49627" refString="Tschopp E, Mateus O, Benson RBJ. A specimen-level phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Diplodocidae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda). PeerJ 2015; 3: e 857." title="A specimen-level phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Diplodocidae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda)" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Tschopp
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFACD640FA35D9EA989C7CF4" box="[1426,1475,1960,1984]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="235">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAFD643FEA1DED39FE97B9C" authority="(Mannion et al. 2019 b)" baseAuthorityName="Mannion" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[262,694,144,168]" class="Reptilia" genus="Janenschia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FEA1DED39CE27B9C" box="[262,445,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">Janenschia robusta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAFD643FE69DED39FF57B9C" author="Mannion" box="[462,682,144,168]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" pagination="784 - 909" refId="ref46083" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Schwarz D et al. Taxonomic affinities of the putative titanosaurs from the Late Jurassic Tendaguru Formation of Tanzania: phylogenetic and biogeographic implications for eusauropod dinosaur evolution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2019 b; 185: 784 - 909." type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FD93DED29F3A7B9C" box="[564,613,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is absent. From the proximal surface extends a proximodistal ridge, posterior to the cnemial crest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAFD643FE0FDE8C9CA17BD3" box="[424,510,207,231]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[115,180,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[116,1459,1109,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-592@22.[114,1461,1106,1843]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., tibiae from the paratype specimen.Right tibia (SAV05-032) in proximal (A), anterior (B), medial (C), posterior (D), lateral (E), and distal (F) views. Left tibia (SAV05-036) in proximal (I), anterior (G), medial (H), posterior (J), lateral (K), and distal (L) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: 2cc, second cnemial crest; aspa, articular surface for the ascending process; cc, cnemial crest; cr, crest; fia, fibular articular surface; pvp, posteroventral process.Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241206/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
|
||
) interpreted as a ‘second cnemial crest’ (
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FEBFDEAC9C147A32" box="[280,331,239,262]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAFD643FEF2DEAD9F647A32" author="Bonaparte" box="[341,571,238,262]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" pagination="25 - 76" refId="ref42688" refString="Bonaparte JF, Heinrich W-D, Wild R. Review of Janenschia Wild, with the description of a new sauropod from the Tendaguru beds of Tanzania and a discussion on the systematic value of procoelous caudal vertebrae in the Sauropoda. Palaeontographica, Abteilung A 2000; 256: 25 - 76" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Bonaparte
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FE6DDEAC9CA27A32" box="[458,509,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAFD643FDF9DEAD9DFA7A11" author="Mannion" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FD60DEAC9FA47A32" box="[711,763,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This crest is present in many eusauropods but absent in several somphospondylans and diplodocoids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAFD643FDF9DF6E9DFA7A50" author="Mannion" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FD60DF6E9FA47A71" box="[711,763,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAFD643FF17DF0F9DBB7A50" author="Mannion" box="[176,228,332,356]" firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" pagination="3217" refId="ref46011" refString="Mannion PD, Allain R, Moine O. The earliest known titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur and the evolution of Brachiosauridae. PeerJ 2017; 5: e 3217." type="journal article" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAFD643FF48DF0F9C717A50" author="Mannion" box="[239,302,332,356]" firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" pagination="191057" refId="ref46040" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Jin X et al. New information on the Cretaceous sauropod dinosaurs of Zhejiang Province, China: impact on Laurasian titanosauriform phylogeny and biogeography. Royal Society Open Science 2019 a; 6: 191057." type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b). The anteromedial surface of the proximal end is smoothly concave in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFAFD643FE08DF289F547AB7" box="[431,523,363,387]" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="57BCD0FCFFADD641FFD6D97399287C8C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241202" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11241202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241202/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="234" startId="20.[113,178,1840,1864]" targetBox="[152,1423,147,1811]" targetPageId="20" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFADD641FFD6D97399287C8C" blockId="20.[113,1450,1840,1977]" pageId="20" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFADD641FFD6D9739D897C7C" bold="true" box="[113,214,1840,1864]" pageId="20" pageNumber="234">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFADD641FF7DD9739C9B7C7C" authority="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega, 2024" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[218,452,1840,1864]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFADD641FF7DD9739C9B7C7C" box="[218,452,1840,1864]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="234">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2A84E11DFFADD641FE69D9729F077C7C" box="[462,600,1841,1865]" pageId="20" pageNumber="234" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, femora from the paratype specimen. Left femur SAV05-031 in proximal (A), anterior (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), lateral (E), and distal (G) views. Right femur SAV05-013 in distal (F), anterior (H), lateral (I), posterior (J) and medial (K) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines.
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFADD641FD39D92B9E457CB4" box="[670,794,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="234">Abbreviations</emphasis>
|
||
: ep, epicondyle; dp, depression; fh, femoral head; fic, fibular condyle; ft, fourth trochanter; lg, longitudinal groove; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; icg, intercondylar groove; mco, medial concavity to the fourth trochanter; plf, posterolateral fossa; st, step; tic, tibial condyle; ts, trochanteric shelf. Scale bar equals 100 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="57BCD0FCFFACD640FF26D8529E1C7D49" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241204" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11241204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241204/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="235" startId="21.[129,194,1553,1577]" targetBox="[138,1469,148,1522]" targetPageId="21" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFACD640FF26D8529E1C7D49" blockId="21.[129,1440,1553,1662]" pageId="21" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFACD640FF26D8529DBA7D1D" bold="true" box="[129,229,1553,1577]" pageId="21" pageNumber="235">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFACD640FF4ED8529C8C7D1D" authority="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega, 2024" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[233,467,1553,1577]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFACD640FF4ED8529C8C7D1D" box="[233,467,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="235">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2A84E11DFFACD640FE7AD8519F387D1D" box="[477,615,1554,1578]" pageId="21" pageNumber="235" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, right tibia (SAV05-065), fibula (SAV05-064) and astragalus (SAV05-066) from the holotype specimen in proximal (A*), anterior (B*), medial (C*), posterior (D*), lateral (E*), and distal (F*) views. *3D digital model.
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFACD640FF26D80A9DA27D55" box="[129,253,1609,1633]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="235">Abbreviations</emphasis>
|
||
: acr, anterior crest; aspa, articular surface for the ascending process; cc, cnemial crest; lt, lateral trochanter; pvp, posteroventral process; tb, tuberosity; tia, tibial articular surface. Scale bar equals 100 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFAFD643FF2ADFC898F87AB7" blockId="22.[113,763,144,1045]" lastBlockId="22.[810,1459,144,387]" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">
|
||
The tibial shaft bears a sub-elliptical to D-shaped cross-section, with a flat posterolateral surface. The lateral edge of the shaft is acute, resulting in a crest structure. The distal section bears a transverse expansion (not so pronounced in the left tibia of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFAFD643FF3CDC4B9DAB7914" box="[155,244,520,544]" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen owing to deformation;
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAFD643FDF9DC4B9FE57914" box="[606,698,520,544]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[129,194,1553,1577]" captionTargetBox="[138,1469,148,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-203@21.[129,1473,144,1525]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right tibia (SAV05-065), fibula (SAV05-064) and astragalus (SAV05-066) from the holotype specimen in proximal (A*), anterior (B*), medial (C*), posterior (D*), lateral (E*), and distal (F*) views.*3D digital model. Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; aspa, articular surface for the ascending process; cc, cnemial crest; lt, lateral trochanter; pvp, posteroventral process; tb, tuberosity; tia, tibial articular surface.Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241204/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">Figs 13B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAFD643FD6EDC4B9D20790B" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[115,180,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[116,1459,1109,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-592@22.[114,1461,1106,1843]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., tibiae from the paratype specimen.Right tibia (SAV05-032) in proximal (A), anterior (B), medial (C), posterior (D), lateral (E), and distal (F) views. Left tibia (SAV05-036) in proximal (I), anterior (G), medial (H), posterior (J), lateral (K), and distal (L) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: 2cc, second cnemial crest; aspa, articular surface for the ascending process; cc, cnemial crest; cr, crest; fia, fibular articular surface; pvp, posteroventral process.Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241206/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">14A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the distal end mediolateral width to the long axis of the cross-section horizontally through the midshaft ratio ranges from 1.56 to 2.0 (excluding the most deformed tibia, SAV05- 036). The mediolateral width: the anteroposterior width ratio of the distal end ranges from 1.75 to 1.62. The anterior surface of the distal end is flat-to-slightly concave, and the anteromedial edge bears a rough proximal ridge in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFAFD643FD97DCA79FD679C8" box="[560,649,740,764]" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen, particularly thicker in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFAFD643FE2FDD419CBB782E" box="[392,484,770,794]" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
one. The articular surface for the ascending process is transversely elongated and laterally projected, with a flat surface, occupying a more dorsal position than posteroventral process, but relatively lower when compared with other macronarians such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAFD643FE65DDC39FD578AC" box="[450,650,896,920]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Lusotitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atalaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FE65DDC39FD578AC" box="[450,650,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">Lusotitan atalaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAFD643FD3CDDC39DBF7883" author="Mannion" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FFD6DDE39DFB7883" box="[113,164,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAFD643FF48DDDC9CE37883" author="Mocho" box="[239,444,927,951]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mocho" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" pagination="789 - 817" refId="ref46530" refString="Mocho P, Royo-Torres R, Ortega F. New data of the Portuguese brachiosaurid Lusotitan atalaiensis (Sobral Formation, Upper Jurassic). Historical Biology 2017 a; 29: 789 - 817." type="journal article" year="2017" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Mocho
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FEE4DDE39C297883" box="[323,374,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAFD643FE71DDDC9C1778E3" authority="(Mocho et al. 2014)" baseAuthorityName="Mocho" baseAuthorityYear="2014" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Lourinhasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alenquerensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FE71DDDC9FA57883" box="[470,762,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Mocho
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FF68DDFC9C5E78E2" box="[207,257,958,982]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAFD643FED2DDFD9FAA78E3" authority="(Janensch 1961)" baseAuthorityName="Janensch" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[373,757,958,983]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brancai">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FED2DDFD9F6478E2" box="[373,571,958,982]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">Giraffatitan brancai</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAFD643FDF6DDFD9FB678E2" author="Janensch" box="[593,745,958,982]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" pagination="177 - 235" refId="ref45516" refString="Janensch W. Die Gliedmaszen und Gliedmaszengurtel der Sauropoden der Tendaguru-Schichten. Palaeontographica, Supplementbande 1961; 7: 177 - 235." type="journal article" year="1961">Janensch 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The posteroventral process is oval and smaller than the articular surface for the ascending process and bears a convex and rough surface. The articular surface for the ascending process and the posteroventral process are separated posteriorly by a not well-marked longitudinal concavity. The tibia is 64% of femur length based on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFAFD643FC11DEAD99507A32" box="[950,1039,238,262]" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (the femur is not complete in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFAFD643FCF7DF4E9EF37A11" box="[848,940,269,293]" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
one), against 55% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAFD643FB21DF4D980E7A11" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1158,1361,270,293]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FB21DF4D980E7A11" box="[1158,1361,270,293]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAFD643FAC7DF4E9ECE7A70" author="Canudo" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Canudo" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" pagination="712 - 31" refId="ref43133" refString="Canudo JI, Royo-Torres R, Cuenca-Bescos G. A new sauropod: Tastavinsaurus sanzi gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) of Spain. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2008; 28: 712 - 31." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Canudo
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FC8DDF6E9E067A70" box="[810,857,300,324]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAFD643FC3BDF6E99D67A70" author="Royo-Torres" box="[924,1161,300,325]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" pagination="61 - 83" refId="ref47917" refString="Royo-Torres R, Alcala L, Cobos A. A new specimen of the Cretaceous sauropod Tastavinsaurus sanzi from El Castellar (Teruel, Spain), and a phylogenetic analysis of the Laurasiformes. Cretaceous Research 2012; 34: 61 - 83." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FB86DF6E990F7A70" box="[1057,1104,300,324]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Similar values are observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAFD643FCEFDF0F991F7A50" box="[840,1088,332,356]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Cedarosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weiskopfae">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FCEFDF0F991F7A50" box="[840,1088,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">Cedarosaurus weiskopfae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(63%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAFD643FB3BDF0F983F7A50" authorityName=", Wilson and Upchurch" authorityYear="2009" box="[1180,1376,332,356]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Euhelopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zdanskyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FB3BDF0F983F7A50" box="[1180,1376,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">Euhelopus zdanskyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(63%), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAFD643FCF2DF2899DE7AB7" box="[853,1153,363,387]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Phuwiangosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sirindhornae">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FCF2DF2899DE7AB7" box="[853,1153,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(62%) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAFD643FB7EDF2898C97AB7" author="Poropat" box="[1241,1430,363,387]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Poropat" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" pagination="34467" refId="ref47479" refString="Poropat SF, Mannion PD, Upchurch P et al. New Australian sauropods shed light on Cretaceous dinosaur palaeobiogeography. Scientific Reports 2016; 6: 34467." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Poropat
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FA88DF2F98017AB7" box="[1327,1374,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFAFD643FBEFDFE099CA7A89" blockId="22.[810,1460,419,1045]" box="[1096,1173,419,445]" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FBEFDFE099CA7A89" box="[1096,1173,419,445]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">Fibulae:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFAFD642FC8DDF899F7D7D1E" blockId="22.[810,1460,419,1045]" lastBlockId="23.[128,778,144,1954]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="237" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">
|
||
Four fibulae were found and referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAFD643FA81DF8A9ECB7935" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FA81DF8A9ECB7935" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, two from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFAFD643FB93DFAA99CF7935" box="[1076,1168,489,513]" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(right, SAV05-064,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAFD643FAC3DFAA98F37935" box="[1380,1452,489,513]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[129,194,1553,1577]" captionTargetBox="[138,1469,148,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-203@21.[129,1473,144,1525]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right tibia (SAV05-065), fibula (SAV05-064) and astragalus (SAV05-066) from the holotype specimen in proximal (A*), anterior (B*), medial (C*), posterior (D*), lateral (E*), and distal (F*) views.*3D digital model. Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; aspa, articular surface for the ascending process; cc, cnemial crest; lt, lateral trochanter; pvp, posteroventral process; tb, tuberosity; tia, tibial articular surface.Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241204/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
; left, SAV05-026, not prepared) and two from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFAFD643FAB2DC4B98317914" box="[1301,1390,520,544]" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(right, SAV05-033,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAFD643FC0BDC649941790B" box="[940,1054,551,575]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="24.[115,180,990,1014]" captionTargetBox="[119,1458,144,960]" captionTargetId="figure-70@24.[116,1460,142,962]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 15. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen.et sp. nov., fibulae from the paratype specimen. Right fibula (SAV05-033) in proximal (A), lateral (B), anterior (C), medial (D), posterior (E), and distal (F) views. Left fibula (SAV05-037) in proximal (I), lateral (G), anterior (H), medial (J), posterior (K), and distal (L) views. Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; cr, crest; lt, lateral trochanter; mli, medial lip; tia, tibial articular surface. Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241208/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">Fig. 15A–F</figureCitation>
|
||
; left, SAV05-037,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAFD643FB7EDC649810790B" box="[1241,1359,551,575]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="24.[115,180,990,1014]" captionTargetBox="[119,1458,144,960]" captionTargetId="figure-70@24.[116,1460,142,962]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 15. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen.et sp. nov., fibulae from the paratype specimen. Right fibula (SAV05-033) in proximal (A), lateral (B), anterior (C), medial (D), posterior (E), and distal (F) views. Left fibula (SAV05-037) in proximal (I), lateral (G), anterior (H), medial (J), posterior (K), and distal (L) views. Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; cr, crest; lt, lateral trochanter; mli, medial lip; tia, tibial articular surface. Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241208/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">Fig. 15G–L</figureCitation>
|
||
). The description is mainly based on the right elements of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFAFD643FAFDDC0498EC796B" box="[1370,1459,583,607]" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFAFD643FCFDDC259EE9794A" box="[858,950,614,638]" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens (the left one from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFAFD643FA8FDC2598DB794A" box="[1320,1412,614,638]" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
still needs to be prepared, and the left one from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFAFD643FA88DCC598D779AA" box="[1327,1416,646,670]" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
has an important mediolateral deformation, as occurs with the left tibia). The fibula is straight in anterior and lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAFD643FA2EDC879E0C79CF" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[129,194,1553,1577]" captionTargetBox="[138,1469,148,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-203@21.[129,1473,144,1525]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right tibia (SAV05-065), fibula (SAV05-064) and astragalus (SAV05-066) from the holotype specimen in proximal (A*), anterior (B*), medial (C*), posterior (D*), lateral (E*), and distal (F*) views.*3D digital model. Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; aspa, articular surface for the ascending process; cc, cnemial crest; lt, lateral trochanter; pvp, posteroventral process; tb, tuberosity; tia, tibial articular surface.Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241204/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">Figs 13E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAFD643FCC4DCA09EEE79CF" box="[867,945,739,763]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="24.[115,180,990,1014]" captionTargetBox="[119,1458,144,960]" captionTargetId="figure-70@24.[116,1460,142,962]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 15. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen.et sp. nov., fibulae from the paratype specimen. Right fibula (SAV05-033) in proximal (A), lateral (B), anterior (C), medial (D), posterior (E), and distal (F) views. Left fibula (SAV05-037) in proximal (I), lateral (G), anterior (H), medial (J), posterior (K), and distal (L) views. Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; cr, crest; lt, lateral trochanter; mli, medial lip; tia, tibial articular surface. Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241208/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">15A, G</figureCitation>
|
||
) lacking a pronounced sigmoid profile as many somphospondylans such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAFD643FBF6DD409E2C780E" authority="(Mocho et al. 2019 a)" baseAuthorityName="Mocho" baseAuthorityYear="2019" genus="Oceanotitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dantasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FBF6DD409845782F" box="[1105,1306,771,795]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">Oceanotitan dantasi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAFD643FA89DD409E36780E" author="Mocho" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mocho" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" pagination="1578782" refId="ref46658" refString="Mocho P, Royo-Torres R, Ortega F. A new macronarian sauropod from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2019 a; 39: e 1578782." type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Mocho
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FA26DD4098EB782F" box="[1409,1460,771,795]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAFD643FC24DD619995780E" authority="' (Rose 2007)" authorityName="' (Rose" authorityYear="2007" baseAuthorityName="Rose" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[899,1226,802,826]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Paluxysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jonesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FC24DD619960780E" box="[899,1087,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">Paluxysaurus jonesi</emphasis>
|
||
’ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAFD643FBF3DD6199E0780E" author="Rose" box="[1108,1215,802,826]" firstAuthor="Rose" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref47835" refString="Rose PJ. A new titanosauriform sauropod (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Early Cretaceous of central Texas and its phylogenetic relationships. Palaeontologica Electronica 2007; 10: 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="2007">Rose 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAFD643FB74DD61995C786D" authority="(D'Emic et al. 2013)" baseAuthorityName="D'Emic" baseAuthorityYear="2013" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Huabeisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="allocotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FB74DD6198EC780E" box="[1235,1459,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">Huabeisaurus allocotus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAFD643FC92DD029EA7786D" author="D'Emic" box="[821,1016,833,857]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="D'Emic" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" pagination="69375" refId="ref44064" refString="D'Emic MD, Mannion PD, Upchurch P et al. Osteology of Huabeisaurus allocotus (Sauropoda: Titanosauriformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of China. PLoS One 2013; 8: e 69375." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
D’Emic
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FC2CDD019EE2786D" box="[907,957,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAFD643FBB6DD029ED4784D" authority="(Martin et al. 1999)" baseAuthorityName="Martin" baseAuthorityYear="1999" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Phuwiangosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sirindhornae">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FBB6DD02981F786D" box="[1041,1344,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAFD643FAF5DD029EDF784D" author="Martin" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Martin" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" pagination="39 - 91" refId="ref46133" refString="Martin V, Suteethorn V, Buffetaut E. Description of the type and referred material of Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae Martin, Buffetaut and Suteethorn, 1994, a sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Thailand. Oryctos 1999; 2: 39 - 91." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Martin
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FA05DD019E1C784C" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAFD643FC6BDD229823784D" authority="(Royo-Torres 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[972,1404,865,889]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FC6BDD2299C3784C" box="[972,1180,865,888]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAFD643FB15DD22982F784D" author="Royo-Torres" box="[1202,1392,865,889]" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The presence of a sigmoidal fibula was recovered as synapomorphy of Somphospondyli/Titanosauria (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAFD643FB30DDDC98367883" author="Mannion" box="[1175,1385,927,951]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FB5ADDE398717883" box="[1277,1326,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; based on the LCDM matrix). The proximal one-third of the fibula is anteroposteriorly expanded, more posteriorly than anteriorly. In medial view, there is a short triangular tibial articulation surface (occupying one-fifth of the fibular total length), differing from the long tibial scars present in basally branching macronarians (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FF1EDE8C9CB37BD3" author="Ostrom and McIntosh" box="[185,492,207,231]" firstAuthor="Ostrom" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" refId="ref47054" refString="Ostrom JH, McIntosh JS. Marsh's Dinosaurs. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966." type="book" year="1966">Ostrom and McIntosh 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Mocho
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FDF2DE8C9FD37BD3" box="[597,652,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAED642FF26DEAD9F617A32" authority="(Mocho et al. 2019 a)" baseAuthorityName="Mocho" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[129,574,238,262]" genus="Oceanotitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dantasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FF26DEAD9C147A32" box="[129,331,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Oceanotitan dantasi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FEC7DEAD9F6D7A32" author="Mocho" box="[352,562,238,262]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mocho" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="1578782" refId="ref46658" refString="Mocho P, Royo-Torres R, Ortega F. A new macronarian sauropod from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2019 a; 39: e 1578782." type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Mocho
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FE12DEAC9CB57A32" box="[437,490,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This surface faces medially-to-slightly proximomedially. The ventral apex of the tibia articular surface is located in the anteromedial edge of the shaft, and coincides with the presence of a boss structure, more pronounced in the left fibula, interpreted as the anterior trochanter of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FF57DFC89F587A97" author="Wilson JA & Sereno PC" box="[240,519,395,419]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="1 - 68" part="5" refId="ref50402" refString="Wilson JA, Sereno PC. Early evolution and higher-level phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1998; 5: 1 - 68." title="Early evolution and higher-level phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="1998">Wilson and Sereno (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which is absent to rudimentary in other titanosauriforms, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAED642FDE7DFE89C027AD5" authority="(Mocho et al. 2017 a)" baseAuthorityName="Mocho" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Lusotitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atalaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FDE7DFE89E567AF6" box="[576,777,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Lusotitan atalaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FF2CDF8A9C0D7AD5" author="Mocho" box="[139,338,457,481]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mocho" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="789 - 817" refId="ref46530" refString="Mocho P, Royo-Torres R, Ortega F. New data of the Portuguese brachiosaurid Lusotitan atalaiensis (Sobral Formation, Upper Jurassic). Historical Biology 2017 a; 29: 789 - 817." type="journal article" year="2017" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Mocho
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FF7ADF899C517AD5" box="[221,270,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAED642FECDDF899F687AD5" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[362,567,458,481]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FECDDF899F687AD5" box="[362,567,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FDEFDF899E5B7AD5" author="Royo-Torres" box="[584,772,457,482]" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FF26DFAA9C207935" author="Royo-Torres" box="[129,383,489,513]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="61 - 83" refId="ref47917" refString="Royo-Torres R, Alcala L, Cobos A. A new specimen of the Cretaceous sauropod Tastavinsaurus sanzi from El Castellar (Teruel, Spain), and a phylogenetic analysis of the Laurasiformes. Cretaceous Research 2012; 34: 61 - 83." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FEABDFAA9C1E7935" box="[268,321,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAED642FE6BDFAA9D9E7914" authority="(Janensch 1961)" baseAuthorityName="Janensch" baseAuthorityYear="1961" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brancai">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FE6BDFAA9FCA7935" box="[460,661,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Giraffatitan brancai</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FD09DFAA9DEA7914" author="Janensch" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="177 - 235" refId="ref45516" refString="Janensch W. Die Gliedmaszen und Gliedmaszengurtel der Sauropoden der Tendaguru-Schichten. Palaeontographica, Supplementbande 1961; 7: 177 - 235." type="journal article" year="1961">Janensch 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The anteromedial crest departs from this anterior trochanter to the proximal surface and occupies one-fifth of the fibular total length (as the tibial articular surface;
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAED642FD2DDC059DFF7949" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[115,180,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[116,1459,1109,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-592@22.[114,1461,1106,1843]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., tibiae from the paratype specimen.Right tibia (SAV05-032) in proximal (A), anterior (B), medial (C), posterior (D), lateral (E), and distal (F) views. Left tibia (SAV05-036) in proximal (I), anterior (G), medial (H), posterior (J), lateral (K), and distal (L) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: 2cc, second cnemial crest; aspa, articular surface for the ascending process; cc, cnemial crest; cr, crest; fia, fibular articular surface; pvp, posteroventral process.Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241206/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Fig. 14C, D, I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
). The anteromedial crest is visible in proximal view being embraced by the cnemial crest of the tibia. The presence of an anteromedially directed crest extending into a notch behind the cnemial crest of the tibia was recovered as a synapomorphy of the somphospondylan clade
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAED642FE2CDCA09F4679CF" box="[395,537,739,763]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sauroposeidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FE2CDCA09F4679CF" box="[395,537,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Sauroposeidon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+ (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAED642FDE6DCA79F8C79CF" box="[577,723,740,763]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FDE6DCA79F8C79CF" box="[577,723,740,763]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Tastavinsaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+ (E uhelopodidae + (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAED642FE92DD419C9B782E" authority="Titanosauria" authorityName="Del Corro" authorityYear="1975" box="[309,452,770,794]" class="Reptilia" genus="Chubutisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FE92DD419C9B782E" box="[309,452,770,794]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Chubutisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+ Titanosauria))) by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FD1CDD419D94780E" author="D'Emic MD" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="624 - 71" part="166" refId="ref43918" refString="D'Emic MD. The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2012; 166: 624 - 71." title="The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="2012">D’Emic (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Somphospondyli/Titanosauria by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FDC9DD619D9F786D" author="Mannion" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FD70DD609E55780E" box="[727,778,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; based on the LCDM matrix). This crest is transversely constricted and bears a longitudinal sulcus on its lateral face. The medial face of the fibular diaphysis is concave transversely along its length, resulting in a D-shaped cross-section with a concave medial border, being bordered by two ridges, which corresponds to the anteromedial and posteromedial edges of the diaphysis, which is here considered as autapomorphic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAED642FF26DA5F9C227F00" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[129,381,1052,1076]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FF26DA5F9C227F00" box="[129,381,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAED642FE02DA5E9F2F7F00" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[421,624,1053,1076]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FE02DA5E9F2F7F00" box="[421,624,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, only the proximal half is transversely concave medially,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FDECDA7F9D947F47" author="Royo-Torres" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="1925 - 7" refId="ref47889" refString="Royo-Torres R, Cobos A, Alcala L. A giant European dinosaur and a new sauropod clade. Science 2006; 314: 1925 - 7." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FD71DA7F9E557F60" box="[726,778,1084,1108]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]. Fibular diaphysis with a transversely concave medial face can be observed in some titanosaurs, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAED642FD2DDA399CAB7F86" authority="(Diez Diaz et al. 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Diez Diaz" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Reptilia" genus="Lohuecotitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pandafilandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FD2DDA399DA27F86" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Lohuecotitan pandafilandi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FEA8DAD99CB77F86" author="Diez Diaz" box="[271,488,1178,1202]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Diez Diaz" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="49 - 60" refId="ref44227" refString="Diez Diaz V, Mocho P, Paramo A et al. A new titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Lo Hueco (Cuenca, Spain). Cretaceous Research 2016; 68: 49 - 60." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Díez Díaz
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FEDADAD99CF17F86" box="[381,430,1178,1202]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The lateral trochanter is a complex structure comprising an oval and shallow tuberosity inserted in a flat area bordered by two proximodistal ridges (the posterior one is more pronounced and located near the posterior face of the diaphysis;
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAED642FE3ADB549CA97E1B" box="[413,502,1303,1327]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[129,194,1553,1577]" captionTargetBox="[138,1469,148,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-203@21.[129,1473,144,1525]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right tibia (SAV05-065), fibula (SAV05-064) and astragalus (SAV05-066) from the holotype specimen in proximal (A*), anterior (B*), medial (C*), posterior (D*), lateral (E*), and distal (F*) views.*3D digital model. Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; aspa, articular surface for the ascending process; cc, cnemial crest; lt, lateral trochanter; pvp, posteroventral process; tb, tuberosity; tia, tibial articular surface.Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241204/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Figs 13E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAED642FDA5DB549F127E1B" box="[514,589,1303,1327]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[115,180,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[116,1459,1109,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-592@22.[114,1461,1106,1843]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., tibiae from the paratype specimen.Right tibia (SAV05-032) in proximal (A), anterior (B), medial (C), posterior (D), lateral (E), and distal (F) views. Left tibia (SAV05-036) in proximal (I), anterior (G), medial (H), posterior (J), lateral (K), and distal (L) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: 2cc, second cnemial crest; aspa, articular surface for the ascending process; cc, cnemial crest; cr, crest; fia, fibular articular surface; pvp, posteroventral process.Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241206/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">14A, G</figureCitation>
|
||
), as occurs in several somphospondylans (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FE21DB759F777E7A" author="Upchurch P" box="[390,552,1334,1358]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="43 - 103" part="124" refId="ref49688" refString="Upchurch P. The phylogenetic relationships of sauropod dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 1998; 124: 43 - 103." title="The phylogenetic relationships of sauropod dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="1998">Upchurch 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FD93DB759E5B7E7A" author="Mannion" box="[564,772,1334,1358]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FD3DDB749F957E7A" box="[666,714,1334,1358]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FF26DB159DEA7E5A" author="Mannion" box="[129,181,1366,1390]" firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="3217" refId="ref46011" refString="Mannion PD, Allain R, Moine O. The earliest known titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur and the evolution of Brachiosauridae. PeerJ 2017; 5: e 3217." type="journal article" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but also present in the brachiosaurid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAED642FDE0DB159C3B7EB9" authority="(Mannion et al. 2013)" baseAuthorityName="Mannion" baseAuthorityYear="2013" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brancai">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FDE0DB159E567E5A" box="[583,777,1366,1390]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Giraffatitan brancai</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FF2CDB369C077EB9" author="Mannion" box="[139,344,1397,1421]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FF57DB359C407EB9" box="[240,287,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The lateral trochanter is only slightly laterally pronounced, differing from the lateral projected lateral trochanters common in some somphospondylans (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FD35DBF79DA47EDF" author="Ksepka and Norell" firstAuthor="Ksepka" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref45573" refString="Ksepka DT, Norell MA. Erketu ellisoni, a long-necked sauropod from Bor Guve (Dornogov Aimag, Mongolia). American Museum Novitates 2006; 3508: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2006">Ksepka and Norell 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FEA2DB909F447EDF" author="Salgado and Carvalho" box="[261,539,1491,1515]" firstAuthor="Salgado" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="881 - 901" refId="ref48401" refString="Salgado L, Carvalho IS. Uberabatitan ribeiroi, a new titanosaur from the Marilia Formation (Bauru group, Upper Cretaceous), Minas Gerais, Brazil. Palaeontology 2008; 51: 881 - 901." type="journal article" year="2008">Salgado and Carvalho 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FD82DB909FC47EDF" author="Otero" box="[549,667,1491,1515]" firstAuthor="Otero" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="399 - 426" refId="ref47072" refString="Otero A. The appendicular skeleton of Neuquensaurus, a Late Cretaceous saltasaurine sauropod from Patagonia, Argentina. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 2010; 55: 399 - 426." type="journal article" year="2010">Otero 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FD01DB909DA87D3E" author="Diez Diaz" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Diez Diaz" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" refId="ref44186" refString="Diez Diaz V, Pereda Suberbiola X, Sanz JL. Appendicular skeleton and dermal armour of the Late Cretaceous titanosaur Lirainosaurus astibiae (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from Spain. Palaeontologia Electronica 2013 b; 16.2.19 A: 18." type="book" year="2013" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Díez Díaz
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FF26DBB09DEE7D3E" box="[129,177,1522,1546]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FEA4DBB09C8E7D3E" author="Lacovara" box="[259,465,1522,1546]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lacovara" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref45606" refString="Lacovara KJ, Lamanna MC, Ibiricu LM et al. A gigantic, exceptionally complete titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from southern Patagonia, Argentina. Scientific Reports 2014; 4: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Lacovara
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FEC0DBB09CC87D3E" box="[359,407,1522,1546]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The tip of the lateral muscle scar is located approximately at midshaft.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="57BCD0FCFFAFD643FFD4D90D987C7C8E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241206" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11241206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241206/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" startId="22.[115,180,1870,1894]" targetBox="[116,1459,1109,1841]" targetPageId="22" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFAFD643FFD4D90D987C7C8E" blockId="22.[114,1460,1870,1979]" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FFD4D90D9D887C53" bold="true" box="[115,215,1870,1895]" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAFD643FF7BD90C9C9A7C53" authority="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega, 2024" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[220,453,1871,1895]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FF7BD90C9C9A7C53" box="[220,453,1871,1895]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2A84E11DFFAFD643FE68D90C9F057C52" box="[463,602,1871,1895]" pageId="22" pageNumber="236" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, tibiae from the paratype specimen. Right tibia (SAV05-032) in proximal (A), anterior (B), medial (C), posterior (D), lateral (E), and distal (F) views. Left tibia (SAV05-036) in proximal (I), anterior (G), medial (H), posterior (J), lateral (K), and distal (L) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines.
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAFD643FC83D9C49EFF7CAB" box="[804,928,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="236">Abbreviations</emphasis>
|
||
: 2cc, second cnemial crest; aspa, articular surface for the ascending process; cc, cnemial crest; cr, crest; fia, fibular articular surface; pvp, posteroventral process. Scale bar equals 100 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFAED642FF3BD87298537AD5" blockId="23.[128,778,144,1954]" lastBlockId="23.[825,1474,143,481]" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">
|
||
The proximal edge of the fibula is straight and horizontal in lateral view. The proximal surface is rough and flat with a subrectangular outline (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAED642FED9D82C9C827DBC" box="[382,477,1647,1672]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[129,194,1553,1577]" captionTargetBox="[138,1469,148,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-203@21.[129,1473,144,1525]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right tibia (SAV05-065), fibula (SAV05-064) and astragalus (SAV05-066) from the holotype specimen in proximal (A*), anterior (B*), medial (C*), posterior (D*), lateral (E*), and distal (F*) views.*3D digital model. Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; aspa, articular surface for the ascending process; cc, cnemial crest; lt, lateral trochanter; pvp, posteroventral process; tb, tuberosity; tia, tibial articular surface.Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241204/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Figs 13A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAED642FE4AD8339F6D7DB3" box="[493,562,1648,1672]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[115,180,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[116,1459,1109,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-592@22.[114,1461,1106,1843]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., tibiae from the paratype specimen.Right tibia (SAV05-032) in proximal (A), anterior (B), medial (C), posterior (D), lateral (E), and distal (F) views. Left tibia (SAV05-036) in proximal (I), anterior (G), medial (H), posterior (J), lateral (K), and distal (L) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: 2cc, second cnemial crest; aspa, articular surface for the ascending process; cc, cnemial crest; cr, crest; fia, fibular articular surface; pvp, posteroventral process.Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241206/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">14C, I</figureCitation>
|
||
), different from the autapomorphic crescentic morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAED642FD9CD8D39CDD7DF2" authority="(Royo-Torres et al. 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FD9CD8D39E567D93" box="[571,777,1680,1703]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FF2CD8EC9C297DF2" author="Royo-Torres" box="[139,374,1710,1735]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="61 - 83" refId="ref47917" refString="Royo-Torres R, Alcala L, Cobos A. A new specimen of the Cretaceous sauropod Tastavinsaurus sanzi from El Castellar (Teruel, Spain), and a phylogenetic analysis of the Laurasiformes. Cretaceous Research 2012; 34: 61 - 83." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FEB7D8EC9C617DF2" box="[272,318,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Distally, the anteromedial ridge of the diaphysis has a round projection. The lateral face of the distal end is transversely convex, partially related with the lateral projection of the distal end. The medial edge of the distal section is projected, forming a medial lip which articulates with the astragalus. The distal surface is rough and flat-to-concave and has a semicircular-to-oval outline as in several other sauropods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FF2CD9C99C187C96" author="Royo-Torres" box="[139,327,1930,1954]" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with a flat medial edge and round lateral one (the lateral margin of the distal surface extends to the diaphysis of the fibula). This morphology is markedly distinct from the autapomorphic quadrangular morphology of the fibular distal end shown by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAED642FBB3DEAD99BD7A31" box="[1044,1250,238,261]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FBB3DEAD99BD7A31" box="[1044,1250,238,261]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FB53DEAE98E37A32" author="Canudo" box="[1268,1468,237,262]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Canudo" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="712 - 31" refId="ref43133" refString="Canudo JI, Royo-Torres R, Cuenca-Bescos G. A new sauropod: Tastavinsaurus sanzi gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) of Spain. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2008; 28: 712 - 31." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Canudo
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FAE8DEAD98DE7A31" box="[1359,1409,237,261]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FC9EDF4E9EAB7A11" author="Royo-Torres" box="[825,1012,269,293]" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FBA6DF4E99AC7A11" author="Royo-Torres" box="[1025,1267,269,293]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="61 - 83" refId="ref47917" refString="Royo-Torres R, Alcala L, Cobos A. A new specimen of the Cretaceous sauropod Tastavinsaurus sanzi from El Castellar (Teruel, Spain), and a phylogenetic analysis of the Laurasiformes. Cretaceous Research 2012; 34: 61 - 83." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FB2FDF4D99E67A11" box="[1160,1209,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Excluding the left fibula of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFAED642FC18DF6E99457A71" box="[959,1050,301,325]" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, which is deformed: (i) the mediolateral width to the anteroposterior width ratio of the distal end is greater than 0.8; and (ii) the mediolateral width of distal end to the mediolateral width at the midshaft ratio is greater than 2.0, differing from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAED642FC76DFE999C27AF5" box="[977,1181,426,449]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FC76DFE999C27AF5" box="[977,1181,426,449]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is characterized by a ratio lower than 2.0 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FBA8DF8A99A47AD5" author="Royo-Torres" box="[1039,1275,457,481]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="61 - 83" refId="ref47917" refString="Royo-Torres R, Alcala L, Cobos A. A new specimen of the Cretaceous sauropod Tastavinsaurus sanzi from El Castellar (Teruel, Spain), and a phylogenetic analysis of the Laurasiformes. Cretaceous Research 2012; 34: 61 - 83." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FB33DF8A999C7AD5" box="[1172,1219,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFAED642FBFCDC4199FF792F" blockId="23.[825,1475,514,1954]" box="[1115,1184,514,539]" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FBFCDC4199FF792F" box="[1115,1184,514,539]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Tarsus:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFAED64CFC9EDC6B9C7D7AD5" blockId="23.[825,1475,514,1954]" lastBlockId="25.[129,778,144,481]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="239" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">
|
||
Two complete astragali have been described: one right astragalus from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFAED642FC5DDC049909796B" box="[1018,1110,583,607]" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(SAV05-066, articulated with the fibula and tibia,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAED642FC46DC259978794A" box="[993,1063,614,638]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[129,194,1553,1577]" captionTargetBox="[138,1469,148,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-203@21.[129,1473,144,1525]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right tibia (SAV05-065), fibula (SAV05-064) and astragalus (SAV05-066) from the holotype specimen in proximal (A*), anterior (B*), medial (C*), posterior (D*), lateral (E*), and distal (F*) views.*3D digital model. Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; aspa, articular surface for the ascending process; cc, cnemial crest; lt, lateral trochanter; pvp, posteroventral process; tb, tuberosity; tia, tibial articular surface.Scale bar equals 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241204/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
) and other right one from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFAED642FACEDC25989D794A" box="[1385,1474,614,638]" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(SAV05-034,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAED642FC6FDCC6994E79A9" box="[968,1041,645,669]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="24.[115,180,1807,1831]" captionTargetBox="[119,1460,1148,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-145@24.[116,1460,1146,1779]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 16. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen.et sp. nov., right astragalus SAV05-034 from the paratype specimen in distal (A), proximal (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), anterior (E), and medial (F) views. Abbreviations: asp, ascending process; fia, fibular articular surface; fr, foramen; tia, tibial articular surface. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241210" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241210/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). The astragalus is wedge-shaped, and in proximal view it becomes anteroposteriorly narrow in its medial half (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAED642FCD6DC879E9879E8" box="[881,967,708,732]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="24.[115,180,1807,1831]" captionTargetBox="[119,1460,1148,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-145@24.[116,1460,1146,1779]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 16. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen.et sp. nov., right astragalus SAV05-034 from the paratype specimen in distal (A), proximal (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), anterior (E), and medial (F) views. Abbreviations: asp, ascending process; fia, fibular articular surface; fr, foramen; tia, tibial articular surface. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241210" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241210/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Fig. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||
), characteristic of neosauropods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FA8BDC8798EE79E8" author="Wilson JA" box="[1324,1457,708,732]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="215 - 75" part="136" refId="ref50238" refString="Wilson JA. Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2002; 136: 215 - 75." title="Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis" type="journal article" year="2002">Wilson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Also in proximal view, the anterior edge is straight and transversely oriented. The posterior edge of the astragalus is straight and transversely oriented behind the ascending process, but the medial sector of the posterior edge is mainly straight and posterolaterally-anteromedially oriented, culminating in the round and blunt medial apex of the astragalus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAED642FA9DDDC398CD78AC" box="[1338,1426,896,920]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="24.[115,180,1807,1831]" captionTargetBox="[119,1460,1148,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-145@24.[116,1460,1146,1779]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 16. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen.et sp. nov., right astragalus SAV05-034 from the paratype specimen in distal (A), proximal (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), anterior (E), and medial (F) views. Abbreviations: asp, ascending process; fia, fibular articular surface; fr, foramen; tia, tibial articular surface. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241210" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241210/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Fig. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||
). In anterior view, the apex of the astragalus is proximodistally constricted (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAED642FC31DDFD9EB678E2" box="[918,1001,958,982]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="24.[115,180,1807,1831]" captionTargetBox="[119,1460,1148,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-145@24.[116,1460,1146,1779]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 16. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen.et sp. nov., right astragalus SAV05-034 from the paratype specimen in distal (A), proximal (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), anterior (E), and medial (F) views. Abbreviations: asp, ascending process; fia, fibular articular surface; fr, foramen; tia, tibial articular surface. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241210" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241210/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Fig. 16E</figureCitation>
|
||
) as occurs in derived eusauropods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FAFCDDFD9E3278C2" author="Upchurch P" journalOrPublisher="Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="365 - 90" part="349" refId="ref49659" refString="Upchurch P. The evolutionary history of sauropod dinosaurs. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 1995; 349: 365 - 90." title="The evolutionary history of sauropod dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="1995">Upchurch 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FCDFDD9D9EF378C2" author="Upchurch P" box="[888,940,990,1014]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="43 - 103" part="124" refId="ref49688" refString="Upchurch P. The phylogenetic relationships of sauropod dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 1998; 124: 43 - 103." title="The phylogenetic relationships of sauropod dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FC11DD9D99DF78C2" author="Mannion" box="[950,1152,990,1014]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="3217" refId="ref46011" refString="Mannion PD, Allain R, Moine O. The earliest known titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur and the evolution of Brachiosauridae. PeerJ 2017; 5: e 3217." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FBBDDD9C991778C2" box="[1050,1096,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The ascending process almost reaches the posterior margin of astragalus (when the dorsal surface of the ascending process is in horizontal;
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAED642FA81DA5F98C27F00" box="[1318,1437,1052,1076]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="24.[115,180,1807,1831]" captionTargetBox="[119,1460,1148,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-145@24.[116,1460,1146,1779]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 16. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen.et sp. nov., right astragalus SAV05-034 from the paratype specimen in distal (A), proximal (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), anterior (E), and medial (F) views. Abbreviations: asp, ascending process; fia, fibular articular surface; fr, foramen; tia, tibial articular surface. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241210" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241210/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Fig. 16C, F</figureCitation>
|
||
), a condition commonly shared by the members of Neosauropoda (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FCE3DA18991C7F47" author="Wilson JA & Sereno PC" box="[836,1091,1115,1139]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="1 - 68" part="5" refId="ref50402" refString="Wilson JA, Sereno PC. Early evolution and higher-level phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1998; 5: 1 - 68." title="Early evolution and higher-level phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="1998">Wilson and Sereno 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FBE8DA18998C7F47" author="Wilson JA" box="[1103,1235,1115,1139]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="215 - 75" part="136" refId="ref50238" refString="Wilson JA. Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2002; 136: 215 - 75." title="Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis" type="journal article" year="2002">Wilson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The proximal surface of this process is rough and flat. The posterior surface of the ascending process is smoothly concave in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFAED642FAA7DAD998037F86" box="[1280,1372,1178,1202]" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(this surface seems to be eroded) and flat in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFAED642FB7DDAF9986C7FE6" box="[1242,1331,1210,1234]" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(with a small foramen). From the proximomedial corner of the dorsal surface of the ascending process, a rudimentary proximodistal ridge is present that does not reach the posterior edge of the astragalus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAED642FCE3DB759EC37E7A" box="[836,924,1334,1358]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="24.[115,180,1807,1831]" captionTargetBox="[119,1460,1148,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-145@24.[116,1460,1146,1779]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 16. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen.et sp. nov., right astragalus SAV05-034 from the paratype specimen in distal (A), proximal (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), anterior (E), and medial (F) views. Abbreviations: asp, ascending process; fia, fibular articular surface; fr, foramen; tia, tibial articular surface. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241210" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241210/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Fig. 16D</figureCitation>
|
||
). In this sector a well-developed crest can be observed in several non-somphospondylan titansoauriforms, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAED642FC9EDB35995D7EB9" box="[825,1026,1397,1421]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Lusotitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atalaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FC9EDB35995D7EB9" box="[825,1026,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Lusotitan atalaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FBB3DB3699BB7EB9" author="Mannion" box="[1044,1252,1397,1421]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FBDDDB3599F47EB9" box="[1146,1195,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FB56DB3698E87EB9" author="Mocho" box="[1265,1463,1397,1421]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mocho" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="789 - 817" refId="ref46530" refString="Mocho P, Royo-Torres R, Ortega F. New data of the Portuguese brachiosaurid Lusotitan atalaiensis (Sobral Formation, Upper Jurassic). Historical Biology 2017 a; 29: 789 - 817." type="journal article" year="2017" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Mocho
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FAE5DB35982C7EB9" box="[1346,1395,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAED642FCCFDBD799B97E99" authority="(Janensch 1961)" baseAuthorityName="Janensch" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[872,1254,1428,1453]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brancai">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FCCFDBD799727E98" box="[872,1069,1428,1452]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Giraffatitan brancai</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FBE4DBD799847E98" author="Janensch" box="[1091,1243,1428,1452]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="177 - 235" refId="ref45516" refString="Janensch W. Die Gliedmaszen und Gliedmaszengurtel der Sauropoden der Tendaguru-Schichten. Palaeontographica, Supplementbande 1961; 7: 177 - 235." type="journal article" year="1961">Janensch 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, being considered as absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAED642FC3ADBF799C57EF8" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[925,1178,1460,1484]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FC3ADBF799C57EF8" box="[925,1178,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The posterior margin of the astragalus lacks a tongue-like projection posteromedial to the ascending process (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFAED642FBA9DBB199327D3E" box="[1038,1133,1522,1546]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="24.[115,180,1807,1831]" captionTargetBox="[119,1460,1148,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-145@24.[116,1460,1146,1779]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 16. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen.et sp. nov., right astragalus SAV05-034 from the paratype specimen in distal (A), proximal (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), anterior (E), and medial (F) views. Abbreviations: asp, ascending process; fia, fibular articular surface; fr, foramen; tia, tibial articular surface. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241210" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241210/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Fig. 16D</figureCitation>
|
||
), as occurs in titanosauriforms (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FCE3D85199477D1E" author="Mannion" box="[836,1048,1554,1578]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FC0CD8519E827D1E" box="[939,989,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Medial to this rudimentary crest there is a foramen. The proximal surface of the tibial articular surface is broadly concave and smooth, slopping posteriorly. The mediolateral width to maximum proximodistal height ratio is greater than 1.8 [1.84–1.87; it is less than 1.8 in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFAED642FA97D8D399D87DF2" authority="(Royo-Torres et al. 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FA97D8D39E337DF2" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFAED642FC26D8EC99247DF2" author="Royo-Torres" box="[897,1147,1710,1735]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="23" pageNumber="237" pagination="61 - 83" refId="ref47917" refString="Royo-Torres R, Alcala L, Cobos A. A new specimen of the Cretaceous sauropod Tastavinsaurus sanzi from El Castellar (Teruel, Spain), and a phylogenetic analysis of the Laurasiformes. Cretaceous Research 2012; 34: 61 - 83." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFAED642FBACD8EC99617DF2" box="[1035,1086,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="237">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]; and the mediolateral width to the maximum anteroposterior length ratio is 1.87–1.94. The rough ventral surface of the astragalus is transversely convex and transits continuously to the also rough anterior surface. The articular surface for the fibula (lateral surface of the astragalus) faces laterally, is well-limited, and occupies the entire lateral surface of the astragalus. This articular surface contains two foramina separated by a ridge (this part of the astragalus is covered by sediment in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA1D64DFE28D93F9CB47CA0" box="[399,491,1916,1940]" pageId="24" pageNumber="238" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen). The astragalus caps most of the distal end of the tibia, as in the brachiosaurid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA1D64DFFD6D9FF9F707CE7" authority="(Mannion et al. 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Mannion" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[113,559,1979,2003]" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Vouivria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="24" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dampariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA1D64DFFD6D9FF9C157CE7" box="[113,330,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="238">Vouivria dampariensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA1D64DFEFDD9F89F7B7CE7" author="Mannion" box="[346,548,1979,2003]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="24" pageNumber="238" pagination="3217" refId="ref46011" refString="Mannion PD, Allain R, Moine O. The earliest known titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur and the evolution of Brachiosauridae. PeerJ 2017; 5: e 3217." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA1D64DFE19D9FF9CB37CE7" box="[446,492,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="238">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but is distinct from the reduced astragalus that characterizes most titanosauriforms (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA1D64DFC92D9DF99107C87" author="Ksepka and Norell" box="[821,1103,1947,1972]" firstAuthor="Ksepka" pageId="24" pageNumber="238" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref45573" refString="Ksepka DT, Norell MA. Erketu ellisoni, a long-necked sauropod from Bor Guve (Dornogov Aimag, Mongolia). American Museum Novitates 2006; 3508: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2006">Ksepka and Norell 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA1D64DFBC2D9DF98FD7C80" author="Wilson JA & Upchurch P" box="[1125,1442,1948,1972]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Systematic Palaeontology" pageId="24" pageNumber="238" pagination="199 - 239" part="7" refId="ref50429" refString="Wilson JA, Upchurch P. Redescription and reassessment of the phylogenetic affinities of Euhelopus zdanskyi (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 2009; 7: 199 - 239." title="Redescription and reassessment of the phylogenetic affinities of Euhelopus zdanskyi (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China" type="journal article" year="2009">Wilson and Upchurch 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA1D64DFC32D9FF98DC7CE7" authority="(Royo-Torres et al. 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[917,1411,1979,2003]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="24" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA1D64DFC32D9FF993A7CE7" box="[917,1125,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="238">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA1D64DFBDDD9F898287CE7" author="Royo-Torres" box="[1146,1399,1979,2003]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="24" pageNumber="238" pagination="61 - 83" refId="ref47917" refString="Royo-Torres R, Alcala L, Cobos A. A new specimen of the Cretaceous sauropod Tastavinsaurus sanzi from El Castellar (Teruel, Spain), and a phylogenetic analysis of the Laurasiformes. Cretaceous Research 2012; 34: 61 - 83." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA1D64DFAA2D9FF98667CE7" box="[1285,1337,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="238">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. No calcaneum was identified, the absence of this element being considered as a reliable feature of this taxon, which is present in most non-titanosaurian sauropopods (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA0D64CFE5ADE8C9F9E7BD3" author="Poropat" box="[509,705,207,231]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Poropat" pageId="25" pageNumber="239" pagination="221618" refId="ref47643" refString="Poropat SF, Mannion PD, Rigby SL et al. A nearly complete skull of the sauropod dinosaur Diamantinasaurus matildae from the Upper Cretaceous Winton Formation of Australia and implications for the early evolution of titanosaurs. Royal Society Open Science 2023; 10: 221618." type="journal article" year="2023">
|
||
Poropat
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA0D64CFDF1DE8C9FDF7BD3" box="[598,640,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2023
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA0D64CFF26DEAC9C0F7A32" box="[129,336,239,262]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="25" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA0D64CFF26DEAC9C0F7A32" box="[129,336,239,262]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA0D64CFEC2DEAD9F6A7A32" author="Canudo" box="[357,565,238,262]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Canudo" pageId="25" pageNumber="239" pagination="712 - 31" refId="ref43133" refString="Canudo JI, Royo-Torres R, Cuenca-Bescos G. A new sauropod: Tastavinsaurus sanzi gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) of Spain. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2008; 28: 712 - 31." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Canudo
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA0D64CFE64DEAC9CA87A32" box="[451,503,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA0D64CFDE2DEAD9E5B7A32" author="Royo-Torres" box="[581,772,238,262]" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="25" pageNumber="239" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA0D64CFF26DF4D9C247A11" author="Royo-Torres" box="[129,379,269,294]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="25" pageNumber="239" pagination="61 - 83" refId="ref47917" refString="Royo-Torres R, Alcala L, Cobos A. A new specimen of the Cretaceous sauropod Tastavinsaurus sanzi from El Castellar (Teruel, Spain), and a phylogenetic analysis of the Laurasiformes. Cretaceous Research 2012; 34: 61 - 83." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA0D64CFEACDF4D9C617A11" box="[267,318,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA0D64CFE66DF4E9DBF7A71" authority="(You et al. 2003)" baseAuthorityName="You" baseAuthorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Gobititan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="25" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shenzhouensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA0D64CFE66DF4E9FED7A11" box="[449,690,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">Gobititan shenzhouensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA0D64CFD60DF4D9D8B7A71" author="You H-L & Tang F & Luo Z" journalOrPublisher="Acta Geologica Sinica" pageId="25" pageNumber="239" pagination="424 - 9" part="77" refId="ref50640" refString="You H-L, Tang F, Luo Z. A new basal titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China. Acta Geologica Sinica 2003; 77: 424 - 9." title="A new basal titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
You
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA0D64CFD5FDF4D9DC67A71" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The preservation of the calcaneum is unusual; however, we believe that the absence of this element in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA0D64CFDDBDF0F9DB47AB7" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="25" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA0D64CFDDBDF0F9DB47AB7" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is plausible. This is supported by the fact that two nearly complete hindlimbs, including their pedes, were found in close association, and preserve almost all their distal elements (i.e. phalanges).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="57BCD0FCFFA1D64DFFD4DD9D9C3C7F7E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241208" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11241208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241208/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="238" startId="24.[115,180,990,1014]" targetBox="[119,1458,144,960]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFA1D64DFFD4DD9D9C3C7F7E" blockId="24.[115,1460,990,1099]" pageId="24" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA1D64DFFD4DD9D9D8778C2" bold="true" box="[115,216,990,1014]" pageId="24" pageNumber="238">Figure 15.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA1D64DFF7BDD9D9C9A78C2" authority="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega, 2024" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[220,453,990,1014]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="24" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA1D64DFF7BDD9D9C9A78C2" box="[220,453,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="238">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2A84E11DFFA1D64DFE68DD9C9F0578C2" box="[463,602,991,1015]" pageId="24" pageNumber="238" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, fibulae from the paratype specimen. Right fibula (SAV05-033) in proximal (A), lateral (B), anterior (C), medial (D), posterior (E), and distal (F) views. Left fibula (SAV05-037) in proximal (I), lateral (G), anterior (H), medial (J), posterior (K), and distal (L) views.
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA1D64DFE65DA559F617F1A" box="[450,574,1046,1070]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="238">Abbreviations</emphasis>
|
||
: acr, anterior crest; cr, crest; lt, lateral trochanter; mli, medial lip; tia, tibial articular surface. Scale bar equals 100 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="57BCD0FCFFA1D64DFFD4D94C9CA87C6B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241210" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11241210" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241210/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="238" startId="24.[115,180,1807,1831]" targetBox="[119,1460,1148,1778]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFA1D64DFFD4D94C9CA87C6B" blockId="24.[115,1455,1807,1887]" pageId="24" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA1D64DFFD4D94C9D877C13" bold="true" box="[115,216,1807,1831]" pageId="24" pageNumber="238">Figure 16.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA1D64DFF7BD94C9C997C13" authority="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega, 2024" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[220,454,1807,1831]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="24" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA1D64DFF7BD94C9C997C13" box="[220,454,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="238">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2A84E11DFFA1D64DFE77D9539F057C13" box="[464,602,1808,1832]" pageId="24" pageNumber="238" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, right astragalus SAV05-034 from the paratype specimen in distal (A), proximal (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), anterior (E), and medial (F) views.
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA1D64DFDDDD9689FA97C77" box="[634,758,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="238">Abbreviations</emphasis>
|
||
: asp, ascending process; fia, fibular articular surface; fr, foramen; tia, tibial articular surface. Scale bar equals 50 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFA0D64CFE0FDC429CBD792F" blockId="25.[129,778,513,857]" box="[424,482,513,539]" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA0D64CFE0FDC429CBD792F" box="[424,482,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">Pedes:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFA0D64CFF26DC6B98F27BD2" blockId="25.[129,778,513,857]" lastBlockId="25.[825,1475,144,857]" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">
|
||
A partially articulated to associated right pes (SAV05-068) was found for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA0D64CFEB6DC049C32796B" box="[273,365,583,607]" pageId="25" pageNumber="239" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA0D64CFE40DC049F1D796B" box="[487,578,583,607]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="25.[128,193,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[131,1470,916,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-467@25.[129,1473,914,1899]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 17. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right pes of the holotype (A, B) and paratype (C, D) specimens in proximal (A, C) and dorsal (B, D) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines.Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241212/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">Figs 17A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA0D64CFDF7DC049F35796B" box="[592,618,583,607]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[142,1430,147,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[140,1432,145,1812]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., metatarsals from the holotype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-068.a), II (SAV05- 068.b, second row), III (SAV05-068.c, third row), IV (SAV05-068.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-068.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AC; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dlcr, dorsolateral crest; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241214/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">18</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA0D64CFDD0DC049FCE796B" box="[631,657,583,607]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="28.[115,180,1359,1383]" captionTargetBox="[116,1461,148,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-301@28.[114,1461,146,1331]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 20. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., pedal phalanges from the holotype specimen. Right phalanx I.1 (SAV05-068.f, first row), II.1 (SAV05-068.g, second row), III.1 and III.2 (SAV05-068.h, third row), IV.1 (SAV05-068.i, fourth row), IV.2 (SAV05-068.j fifth row) and IV.3 (SAV05-068.m, sixth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y, AE), medial (B, H, N, T, Z, AF), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA, AG), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB, AH), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC, AI; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD, AJ; dorsal towards top side) views.Abbreviations:dp, depression; fr, foramen; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241218/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">20</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA0D64CFD3ADC049FE8796B" box="[669,695,583,607]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="30.[117,182,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[116,1460,147,1652]" captionTargetId="figure-109@30.[113,1463,144,1655]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 22. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right pedal unguals I.2 (SAV05-035.k, A–E) and II.3 (SAV05-35.l, F–J) from the holotype specimen in dorsal (A, F), lateral (B, G), medial (C, H), proximal (D, I), and ventral (E, J) views.Abbreviations: dcr, dorsal crest; fr, foramen; gr, groove; pf, posterior face; tb, tuberosity. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241222/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Some elements of the left pes (SAV05-021 and SAV05-024) of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA0D64CFF26DCC69D8279A9" box="[129,221,645,669]" pageId="25" pageNumber="239" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
were also recovered. An almost complete right pes (SAV05-35) and a left metatarsal
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FFA0D64CFE7BDCE69CA87988" box="[476,503,677,700]" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">III</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="5365280FFFA0D64CFDA2DCE79FDC7988" box="[517,643,676,700]" collectionCode="III" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">SAV05-038</specimenCode>
|
||
.a) was found associated and partially articulated to the smallest individual, which corresponds to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA0D64CFE2ADCA79CB979C8" box="[397,486,740,764]" pageId="25" pageNumber="239" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA0D64CFDF8DCA09FE779CF" box="[607,696,739,763]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="25.[128,193,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[131,1470,916,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-467@25.[129,1473,914,1899]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 17. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right pes of the holotype (A, B) and paratype (C, D) specimens in proximal (A, C) and dorsal (B, D) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines.Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241212/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">Figs 17B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA0D64CFD63DCA09F8179CF" box="[708,734,739,763]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[129,194,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[172,1431,148,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[170,1433,146,1813]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., metatarsals from the paratype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-35.a, first row), II (SAV05-035.b, second row), III (SAV05-035.c, third row), IV (SAV05-035.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-035.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241216/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">19</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA0D64CFD4DDCA09E5B79CF" box="[746,772,739,763]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="29.[131,196,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[131,1474,146,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-248@29.[129,1476,144,1373]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 21. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., pedal phalanges from the paratype specimen. Right phalanx I.1 (SAV05-035.f, first row), II.1 (SAV05-035.g, second row), II.2 (SAV05-035.j, third row), III.2 (SAV05-038.b, fourth row), IV.1 (SAV05-035.h, fifth row), IV.2 (SAV05- 035.i, sixth row) and IV.3 (SAV05-035.m, seventh row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y, AE, AK), medial (B, H, N, T, Z, AF, AL), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA, AG, AM), lateral (D, J, P, V,AB, AH, AN), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC, AI, AO; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD, AJ, AP; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: dp, depression; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle.Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241220/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">21</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA0D64CFF26DD409DC4782F" box="[129,155,771,795]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="31.[132,197,1357,1381]" captionTargetBox="[131,1475,147,1326]" captionTargetId="figure-349@31.[128,1478,144,1329]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 23. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen.et sp. nov., right pedal unguals I.2 (SAV05-068.k, A–E) and III.3 (SAV05-068.l, F–J) from the paratype specimen in dorsal (A, F), lateral (B, G), medial (C, H), proximal (D, I), and ventral (E, J) views. Abbreviations: dcr, dorsal crest; gr, groove; pf, posterior face; tb, tuberosity. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241224/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">23</figureCitation>
|
||
). Another three left metatarsals, here considered as referred materials, were found associated with these two legs (SAV05- 044, SAV05-056, and SAV05-058). The presence of two left metatarsals
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FFA0D64CFC14DED39E907B93" box="[947,975,144,167]" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">III</collectionCode>
|
||
, with similar morphology and size, indicates the presence of at least two individuals with similar size (including the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA0D64CFCC7DE8C9EE67BD3" box="[864,953,207,231]" pageId="25" pageNumber="239" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen) in addition to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA0D64CFB43DE8D981F7BD2" box="[1252,1344,206,230]" pageId="25" pageNumber="239" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFA0D648FCF2DEAD9E5C7C4B" blockId="25.[825,1475,144,857]" lastBlockId="29.[129,778,1613,1982]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="243" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">
|
||
All five metatarsals are preserved in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA0D64CFB79DEAD98657A32" box="[1246,1338,238,262]" pageId="25" pageNumber="239" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA0D64CFACEDEAD989D7A32" box="[1385,1474,238,262]" pageId="25" pageNumber="239" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens, and when articulated, they bear a slightly arched profile with convexity facing dorsally. The shortness and robustness of metatarsals I and V relative to metatarsals II, III, and IV is considered here as autapomorphic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA0D64CFB18DF2898E27AB7" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[1215,1469,363,387]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="25" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA0D64CFB18DF2898E27AB7" box="[1215,1469,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Three metatarsals I are preserved [the right of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA0D64CFA91DFC998CD7A96" box="[1334,1426,394,418]" pageId="25" pageNumber="239" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (SAV05-068.a,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA0D64CFBB8DFE999CD7AF6" box="[1055,1170,426,450]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[142,1430,147,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[140,1432,145,1812]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., metatarsals from the holotype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-068.a), II (SAV05- 068.b, second row), III (SAV05-068.c, third row), IV (SAV05-068.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-068.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AC; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dlcr, dorsolateral crest; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241214/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">Fig. 18A–F</figureCitation>
|
||
), which is mediolaterally deformed; the right one of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA0D64CFBF3DF8999F27AD6" box="[1108,1197,458,482]" pageId="25" pageNumber="239" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(SAV05-35.a,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA0D64CFAE7DF8A98F07AD5" box="[1344,1455,457,481]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[129,194,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[172,1431,148,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[170,1433,146,1813]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., metatarsals from the paratype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-35.a, first row), II (SAV05-035.b, second row), III (SAV05-035.c, third row), IV (SAV05-035.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-035.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241216/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">Fig. 19A–F</figureCitation>
|
||
); and a referred left one (SAV05-044)]. Metatarsal I (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA0D64CFAEEDFAB98CD7935" box="[1353,1426,488,513]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="25.[128,193,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[131,1470,916,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-467@25.[129,1473,914,1899]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 17. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right pes of the holotype (A, B) and paratype (C, D) specimens in proximal (A, C) and dorsal (B, D) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines.Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241212/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">Figs 17</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA0D64CFA3ADFAA98E87935" box="[1437,1463,489,513]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[142,1430,147,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[140,1432,145,1812]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., metatarsals from the holotype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-068.a), II (SAV05- 068.b, second row), III (SAV05-068.c, third row), IV (SAV05-068.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-068.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AC; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dlcr, dorsolateral crest; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241214/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">18</figureCitation>
|
||
) is three-quarters the length of metatarsal II, expands proximally and distally, and is the most robust metatarsal. The proximal surface is subtrapezoidal to subtriangular, rough, flat, and sloping medially. In proximal view, the medial edge is straight-to-slightly convex and the lateral one is concave for the reception of metatarsal II (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA0D64CFBBDDCE7992B7989" box="[1050,1140,676,701]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[142,1430,147,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[140,1432,145,1812]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., metatarsals from the holotype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-068.a), II (SAV05- 068.b, second row), III (SAV05-068.c, third row), IV (SAV05-068.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-068.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AC; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dlcr, dorsolateral crest; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241214/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">Figs 18E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA0D64CFB26DCE699F67989" box="[1153,1193,677,701]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[129,194,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[172,1431,148,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[170,1433,146,1813]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., metatarsals from the paratype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-35.a, first row), II (SAV05-035.b, second row), III (SAV05-035.c, third row), IV (SAV05-035.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-035.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241216/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">19E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ventrolateral edge of the proximal surface deflects distally extending to the ventrolateral edge of metatarsal I (with a ridge like-morphology, i.e. the ventrolateral crest;
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA0D64CFB8DDD4199DB782E" box="[1066,1156,770,794]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[129,194,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[172,1431,148,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[170,1433,146,1813]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., metatarsals from the paratype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-35.a, first row), II (SAV05-035.b, second row), III (SAV05-035.c, third row), IV (SAV05-035.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-035.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241216/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">Fig. 19C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dorsolateral edge of the proximal face is proximally projected (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA0D64CFB6CDD61987F780E" box="[1227,1312,802,826]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[142,1430,147,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[140,1432,145,1812]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., metatarsals from the holotype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-068.a), II (SAV05- 068.b, second row), III (SAV05-068.c, third row), IV (SAV05-068.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-068.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AC; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dlcr, dorsolateral crest; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241214/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">Fig. 18B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The proximal surface is angled ventromedially approximately 15° relative to the axis of shaft (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA5D649FE8BD8449CD67D2B" box="[300,393,1543,1567]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[142,1430,147,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[140,1432,145,1812]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., metatarsals from the holotype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-068.a), II (SAV05- 068.b, second row), III (SAV05-068.c, third row), IV (SAV05-068.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-068.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AC; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dlcr, dorsolateral crest; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241214/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="242">Figs 18A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA5D649FE3FD8449C9C7D2B" box="[408,451,1543,1567]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[129,194,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[172,1431,148,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[170,1433,146,1813]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., metatarsals from the paratype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-35.a, first row), II (SAV05-035.b, second row), III (SAV05-035.c, third row), IV (SAV05-035.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-035.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241216/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="242">19A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The diaphysis of metatarsal I is elliptical in cross-section in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA5D649FE40D8659F1C7D0A" box="[487,579,1574,1598]" pageId="28" pageNumber="242" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(probably a consequence of deformation) and triradiate in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA5D649FDF8D8059FE77D6A" box="[607,696,1606,1630]" pageId="28" pageNumber="242" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(with three main surfaces, the continuous dorsomedial, lateral, and ventral surface). In the proximal half, the dorsomedial surface is continuous and, medially, it curves posteriorly where it meets with the ventral one, resulting in the ventromedial crest/ ridge (which is present along its total proximodistal width of the metatarsal). In the proximal half of the ventromedial crest, there is a pronounced elliptical tuberosity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA5D649FD97D9629FD57C0D" box="[560,650,1825,1849]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[142,1430,147,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[140,1432,145,1812]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., metatarsals from the holotype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-068.a), II (SAV05- 068.b, second row), III (SAV05-068.c, third row), IV (SAV05-068.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-068.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AC; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dlcr, dorsolateral crest; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241214/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="242">Figs 18A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA5D649FD3FD9629F9F7C0D" box="[664,704,1825,1849]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[129,194,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[172,1431,148,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[170,1433,146,1813]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., metatarsals from the paratype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-35.a, first row), II (SAV05-035.b, second row), III (SAV05-035.c, third row), IV (SAV05-035.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-035.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241216/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="242">19B</figureCitation>
|
||
), not described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA5D649FF54D9029FCD7C6C" authority="(Royo-Torres 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[243,658,1856,1881]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA5D649FF54D9029CE27C6C" box="[243,445,1857,1880]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="242">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA5D649FE6AD9029FD97C6C" author="Royo-Torres" box="[461,646,1856,1881]" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="28" pageNumber="242" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The presence of this tuberosity in the medial face of the metatarsal I, seems to be unique for the brachiosaurids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA5D649FD97D93C9FAA7CA3" baseAuthorityName="Janensch" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[560,757,1919,1943]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brancai">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA5D649FD97D93C9FAA7CA3" box="[560,757,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="242">Giraffatitan brancai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA5D649FFD6D9DD9C007C82" box="[113,351,1950,1974]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sonorasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thompsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA5D649FFD6D9DD9C007C82" box="[113,351,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="242">Sonorasaurus thompsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA5D649FE31D9DC9F367C82" box="[406,617,1950,1974]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Venenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dicrocei">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA5D649FE31D9DC9F367C82" box="[406,617,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="242">Venenosaurus dicrocei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA5D649FDDED9DD9E017D2B" author="D'Emic" box="[633,862,1543,1974]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="D'Emic" pageId="28" pageNumber="242" pagination="102 - 32" refId="ref44100" refString="D'Emic MD, Foreman BZ, Jud NA. Anatomy, systematics, paleoenvironment, growth, and age of the sauropod dinosaur Sonorasaurus thompsoni from the Cretaceous of Arizona, USA. Journal of Paleontology 2016; 90: 102 - 32." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
D’Emic
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA5D649FD6AD9DC9FA47C82" box="[717,763,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="242">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA5D649FCCED844991E7D2B" author="Mannion" box="[873,1089,1543,1567]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="28" pageNumber="242" pagination="784 - 909" refId="ref46083" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Schwarz D et al. Taxonomic affinities of the putative titanosaurs from the Late Jurassic Tendaguru Formation of Tanzania: phylogenetic and biogeographic implications for eusauropod dinosaur evolution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2019 b; 185: 784 - 909." type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA5D649FC69D84B9EA27D2B" box="[974,1021,1543,1567]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="242">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the distal half of the metatarsal, the dorsomedial surface is subdivided in dorsal and medial surfaces, separated by a short proximodistal crest coming from the medial distal condyle. The distal half of the dorsal surface is flat (
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA5D649FC95D8C79ECA7DA8" box="[818,917,1668,1692]" pageId="28" pageNumber="242" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) or slightly concave (
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA5D649FBD9D8C799817DA8" box="[1150,1246,1668,1692]" pageId="28" pageNumber="242" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
) between the distal condyles. The lateral surface is bordered by a proximodistally elongated ventrolateral and dorsolateral crests. The proximal half of the lateral surface is deeply concave and striated becoming flat distally, with a proximodistally elongated tuberosity (ridge-like in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA5D649FCD6D9629E927C0D" box="[881,973,1825,1849]" pageId="28" pageNumber="242" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen). No ventrolateral projection in the distal end is present [this projection in common in diplodocids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA5D649FC92D91C995C7C43" author="Tschopp E & Mateus O & Benson RBJ" box="[821,1027,1887,1911]" journalOrPublisher="PeerJ" pageId="28" pageNumber="242" pagination="857" part="3" refId="ref49627" refString="Tschopp E, Mateus O, Benson RBJ. A specimen-level phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Diplodocidae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda). PeerJ 2015; 3: e 857." title="A specimen-level phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Diplodocidae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda)" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Tschopp
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA5D649FC31D9239E977C43" box="[918,968,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="242">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and in other taxa such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA5D649FA81D91C99DF7CA3" authority="(Bonaparte et al. 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Bonaparte" baseAuthorityYear="2006" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA5D649FA81D91C9E2F7CA3" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="242">Ligabuesaurus leanzai</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA5D649FC2FD93C992A7CA3" author="Bonaparte" box="[904,1141,1919,1943]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="28" pageNumber="242" pagination="364 - 76" refId="ref42741" refString="Bonaparte JF, Gonzalez Riga BJ, Apesteguia S. Ligabuesaurus leanzai gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria, Sauropoda), a new titanosaur from the Lohan Cura Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research 2006; 27: 364 - 76." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bonaparte
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA5D649FC58D93C996A7CA3" box="[1023,1077,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="242">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA5D649FB67D93C9E897C82" authority="(You et al. 2003)" baseAuthorityName="You" baseAuthorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Gobititan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shenzhouensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA5D649FB67D93C98EC7CA3" box="[1216,1459,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="242">Gobititan shenzhouensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA5D649FC92D9DD9E957C82" author="You H-L & Tang F & Luo Z" box="[821,970,1950,1974]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Geologica Sinica" pageId="28" pageNumber="242" pagination="424 - 9" part="77" refId="ref50640" refString="You H-L, Tang F, Luo Z. A new basal titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China. Acta Geologica Sinica 2003; 77: 424 - 9." title="A new basal titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
You
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA5D649FCC5D9DC9ECE7C82" box="[866,913,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="242">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]. The distal condyles are well-marked, they are convex transversely and dorsoventrally, and are separated by a ventral intercondylar concavity (excavated in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA4D648FDD8D82E9F877DB1" box="[639,728,1645,1669]" pageId="29" pageNumber="243" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen). The lateral and medial condyles are located at a perpendicular plan relative to the axis of the diaphysis. In distal view, the condyles diverge ventrally, and the medial condyle is dorsoventrally elongated. The metatarsal I to metatarsal V proximodistal length ratio is 1.05, differing from some titanosauriforms, which are a characterized by a ratio less than 1.0 as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA4D648FD9DD96A9E5B7C74" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[570,772,1833,1856]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="243" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA4D648FD9DD96A9E5B7C74" box="[570,772,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="243">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA4D648FF26D90B9CDE7C54" box="[129,385,1864,1888]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Cedarosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="29" pageNumber="243" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weiskopfae">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA4D648FF26D90B9CDE7C54" box="[129,385,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="243">Cedarosaurus weiskopfae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA4D648FE3FD90B9FCC7C54" box="[408,659,1864,1888]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sonorasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="243" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thompsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA4D648FE3FD90B9FCC7C54" box="[408,659,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="243">Sonorasaurus thompsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA4D648FD0CD90B9C567C4B" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Gobititan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="243" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shenzhouensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA4D648FD0CD90B9C567C4B" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="243">Gobititan shenzhouensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA4D648FE99D9249FA17C4B" authority="(Mannion et al. 2013)" baseAuthorityName="Mannion" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[318,766,1895,1919]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="243" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA4D648FE99D9249F497C4B" box="[318,534,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="243">Ligabuesaurus leanzai</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA4D648FD80D9249FAD7C4B" author="Mannion" box="[551,754,1895,1919]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="29" pageNumber="243" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA4D648FD2CD92B9FE57C4B" box="[651,698,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="243">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="57BCD0FCFFA0D64CFF27D9C59EFC7C8E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241212" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11241212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241212/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="239" startId="25.[128,193,1926,1950]" targetBox="[131,1470,916,1897]" targetPageId="25" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFA0D64CFF27D9C59EFC7C8E" blockId="25.[128,1439,1926,1979]" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA0D64CFF27D9C59DBB7CAB" bold="true" box="[128,228,1926,1951]" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">Figure 17.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA0D64CFF4ED9C49C8D7CAB" authority="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega, 2024" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[233,466,1927,1951]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="25" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA0D64CFF4ED9C49C8D7CAB" box="[233,466,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="239">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2A84E11DFFA0D64CFE7BD9C49F387CAA" box="[476,615,1927,1951]" pageId="25" pageNumber="239" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, right pes of the holotype (A, B) and paratype (C, D) specimens in proximal (A, C) and dorsal (B, D) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Scale bar equals 50 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="57BCD0FCFFA3D64FFFD6D9739FA37CE0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241214" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11241214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241214/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="240" startId="26.[113,178,1840,1864]" targetBox="[142,1430,147,1810]" targetPageId="26" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFA3D64FFFD6D9739FA37CE0" blockId="26.[113,1459,1840,2004]" pageId="26" pageNumber="240">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA3D64FFFD6D9739D897C7C" bold="true" box="[113,214,1840,1864]" pageId="26" pageNumber="240">Figure 18.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA3D64FFF7DD9739C9B7C7C" authority="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega, 2024" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[218,452,1840,1864]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA3D64FFF7DD9739C9B7C7C" box="[218,452,1840,1864]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="240">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2A84E11DFFA3D64FFE69D9729F077C7C" box="[462,600,1841,1865]" pageId="26" pageNumber="240" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, metatarsals from the holotype specimen. Right metatarsals I (SAV05-068.a), II (SAV05- 068.b, second row), III (SAV05-068.c, third row), IV (SAV05-068.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-068.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AC; dorsal towards top side) views.
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA3D64FFEFED9C79C8A7CA8" box="[345,469,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="240">Abbreviations</emphasis>
|
||
: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dlcr, dorsolateral crest; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 50 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="57BCD0FCFFA2D64EFF26D9729FCF7CE1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241216" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11241216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241216/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="241" startId="27.[129,194,1841,1865]" targetBox="[172,1431,148,1812]" targetPageId="27" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFA2D64EFF26D9729FCF7CE1" blockId="27.[129,1460,1841,2005]" pageId="27" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA2D64EFF26D9729DBA7C7D" bold="true" box="[129,229,1841,1865]" pageId="27" pageNumber="241">Figure 19.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA2D64EFF4ED9729C8C7C7D" authority="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega, 2024" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[233,467,1841,1865]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA2D64EFF4ED9729C8C7C7D" box="[233,467,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="241">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2A84E11DFFA2D64EFE7AD9719F387C7D" box="[477,615,1842,1866]" pageId="27" pageNumber="241" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, metatarsals from the paratype specimen. Right metatarsals I (SAV05-35.a, first row), II (SAV05-035.b, second row), III (SAV05-035.c, third row), IV (SAV05-035.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-035.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD; dorsal towards top side) views.
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA2D64EFDADD9C69FD97CA9" box="[522,646,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="241">Abbreviations</emphasis>
|
||
: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 30 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="57BCD0FCFFA5D649FFD4DB0C99FC7EE2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241218" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11241218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241218/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="242" startId="28.[115,180,1359,1383]" targetBox="[116,1461,148,1330]" targetPageId="28" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFA5D649FFD4DB0C99FC7EE2" blockId="28.[114,1445,1359,1495]" pageId="28" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA5D649FFD4DB0C9D887E53" bold="true" box="[115,215,1359,1383]" pageId="28" pageNumber="242">Figure 20.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA5D649FF7BDB0C9C9A7E53" authority="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega, 2024" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[220,453,1359,1383]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA5D649FF7BDB0C9C9A7E53" box="[220,453,1359,1383]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="242">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2A84E11DFFA5D649FE68DB139F057E53" box="[463,602,1360,1384]" pageId="28" pageNumber="242" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, pedal phalanges from the holotype specimen. Right phalanx I.1 (SAV05-068.f, first row), II.1 (SAV05-068.g, second row), III.1 and III.2 (SAV05-068.h, third row), IV.1 (SAV05-068.i, fourth row), IV.2 (SAV05-068.j fifth row) and IV.3 (SAV05-068.m, sixth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y, AE), medial (B, H, N, T, Z, AF), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA, AG), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB, AH), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC, AI; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD, AJ; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: dp, depression; fr, foramen; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle. Scale bar equals 30 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="57BCD0FCFFA4D648FF24DB3A9D947D29" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241220" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11241220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241220/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="243" startId="29.[131,196,1401,1425]" targetBox="[131,1474,146,1372]" targetPageId="29" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFA4D648FF24DB3A9D947D29" blockId="29.[129,1473,1401,1565]" pageId="29" pageNumber="243">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA4D648FF24DB3A9DB87EA5" bold="true" box="[131,231,1401,1425]" pageId="29" pageNumber="243">Figure 21.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA4D648FF4CDB3A9C8A7EA5" authority="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega, 2024" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[235,469,1401,1425]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="243" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA4D648FF4CDB3A9C8A7EA5" box="[235,469,1401,1425]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="243">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2A84E11DFFA4D648FE78DB399F367EA5" box="[479,617,1402,1426]" pageId="29" pageNumber="243" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, pedal phalanges from the paratype specimen. Right phalanx I.1 (SAV05-035.f, first row), II.1 (SAV05-035.g, second row), II.2 (SAV05-035.j, third row), III.2 (SAV05-038.b, fourth row), IV.1 (SAV05-035.h, fifth row), IV.2 (SAV05- 035.i, sixth row) and IV.3 (SAV05-035.m, seventh row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y, AE, AK), medial (B, H, N, T, Z, AF, AL), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA, AG, AM), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB, AH, AN), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC, AI, AO; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD, AJ, AP; dorsal towards top side) views.
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA4D648FE0FDBAA9F7B7D35" box="[424,548,1513,1537]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="243">Abbreviations</emphasis>
|
||
: dp, depression; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle. Scale bar equals 30 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFA4D64AFF3BD9C598EA7C69" blockId="29.[129,778,1613,1982]" lastBlockId="31.[825,1475,1485,1979]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="245" pageId="29" pageNumber="243">
|
||
Three metatarsals
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FFA4D648FEF2D9C49C387CAA" box="[341,359,1927,1950]" pageId="29" pageNumber="243">II</collectionCode>
|
||
were recovered [the right (SAV05-068.b,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA4D648FF26D9E59DAA7C8A" box="[129,245,1958,1982]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[142,1430,147,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[140,1432,145,1812]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., metatarsals from the holotype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-068.a), II (SAV05- 068.b, second row), III (SAV05-068.c, third row), IV (SAV05-068.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-068.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AC; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dlcr, dorsolateral crest; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241214/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="243">Fig. 18G–L</figureCitation>
|
||
) and left (SAV05-021) from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA4D648FDE7D9E59FC37C8A" box="[576,668,1958,1982]" pageId="29" pageNumber="243" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen; and the right one (SAV05-035.b,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA4D648FB2FD80E99A37D51" box="[1160,1276,1613,1637]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[129,194,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[172,1431,148,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[170,1433,146,1813]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., metatarsals from the paratype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-35.a, first row), II (SAV05-035.b, second row), III (SAV05-035.c, third row), IV (SAV05-035.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-035.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241216/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="243">Fig. 19G–L</figureCitation>
|
||
) from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA4D648FACED80E989D7D51" box="[1385,1474,1613,1637]" pageId="29" pageNumber="243" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen]. They have a subrectangular proximal surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA4D648FA3BD82F9E3A7D90" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[142,1430,147,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[140,1432,145,1812]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., metatarsals from the holotype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-068.a), II (SAV05- 068.b, second row), III (SAV05-068.c, third row), IV (SAV05-068.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-068.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AC; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dlcr, dorsolateral crest; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241214/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="243">Fig. 18K</figureCitation>
|
||
). In proximal view, the dorsal and ventral edges are straight (the dorsal and ventral edges have similar mediolateral widths), and the medial and lateral ones are convex and concave, respectively. The proximal surface slopes distomedially. This surface is rough and there are two ‘condyle’-shaped convex structures in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA4D648FCC7D96A9EE67C75" box="[864,953,1833,1857]" pageId="29" pageNumber="243" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen, dorsally and ventrally located, separated by a wide and smooth groove (this structure in condyles is not individualized in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA4D648FBB7D92499337C4B" box="[1040,1132,1895,1919]" pageId="29" pageNumber="243" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen). The dorsolateral apex of the proximal surface is proximally projected as in metatarsal
|
||
<collectorName id="AE36E5A2FFA4D648FA13D9C49E3F7C89" pageId="29" pageNumber="243">I. The</collectorName>
|
||
proximal surface extends to the diaphysis of the metatarsal from the dorsolateral and dorsomedial edges. From the dorsolateral edge of the proximal surface emerges the dorsolateral crest of the diaphysis, which reaches the distal condyle (connecting with the ridge that departs from the lateral distal condyle). The diaphysis is D-shaped in cross-section at midlength. The dorsal surface is transversely concave in the dorsal two-thirds and, distally, becomes flat (concave in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA7D64BFB2CD97199BB7C7E" box="[1163,1252,1842,1866]" pageId="30" pageNumber="244" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen) between the proximodistal crests that departs from the lateral and medial distal condyles. In the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA7D64BFBB7D93299367CBD" box="[1040,1129,1905,1929]" pageId="30" pageNumber="244" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens, in this concave area, there is a small foramen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA7D64BFB93D9D399D27C9C" box="[1076,1165,1936,1960]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[129,194,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[172,1431,148,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[170,1433,146,1813]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., metatarsals from the paratype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-35.a, first row), II (SAV05-035.b, second row), III (SAV05-035.c, third row), IV (SAV05-035.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-035.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241216/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="244">Fig. 19G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal surface transits continuously to the medial surface in the dorsal two-thirds of the diaphysis and it is separated by the proximodistal crest that comes from the medial distal condyle. The medial surface is transversely flat to transversely convex (with a shallow proximodistal groove in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA6D64AFE13D8089F527D57" box="[436,525,1611,1635]" pageId="31" pageNumber="245" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen). The medial surface of the distal condyle is smoothly concave. The ventral surface of metatarsal
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FFA6D64AFEFED8C99C347D95" box="[345,363,1674,1697]" pageId="31" pageNumber="245">II</collectionCode>
|
||
is bordered laterally by the ventrolateral crest that connect the ventrolateral edges of proximal and distal surfaces (in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA6D64AFE80D88B9CDF7DD4" box="[295,384,1736,1760]" pageId="31" pageNumber="245" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
this crest is interrupted at midlenght, and the proximal portion extends to the lateral surface of the diaphysis). The proximal tip of this ventrolateral crest (laterally displaced) is laterally deflected and projected (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA6D64AFDD5D9659F987C0A" box="[626,711,1830,1854]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[142,1430,147,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[140,1432,145,1812]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., metatarsals from the holotype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-068.a), II (SAV05- 068.b, second row), III (SAV05-068.c, third row), IV (SAV05-068.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-068.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AC; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dlcr, dorsolateral crest; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241214/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="245">Figs 18I</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA6D64AFD71D9659FA67C0A" box="[726,761,1830,1854]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[129,194,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[172,1431,148,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[170,1433,146,1813]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., metatarsals from the paratype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-35.a, first row), II (SAV05-035.b, second row), III (SAV05-035.c, third row), IV (SAV05-035.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-035.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241216/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="245">19I</figureCitation>
|
||
), which is considered as a possible autapomorphy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA6D64AFDDBD9069DB47C48" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="31" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA6D64AFDDBD9069DB47C48" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="245">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. From the ventromedial edge of the proximal end departs a proximodistal crest only present in the dorsal one-third of the diaphysis (the transition between the ventral and medial surfaces of the diaphysis in the ventral two-thirds is continuous). The proximal half of the ventral surface is transversely concave and striated. The lateral surface is transversely concave and striated in the proximal half (for the reception of the metatarsal
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FFA6D64AFC9ED8099E087D56" box="[825,855,1610,1634]" pageId="31" pageNumber="245">III</collectionCode>
|
||
) and flat in the distal half (marked by the proximodistal crest that extends from the lateral distal condyle in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA6D64AFA9BD82998C47DB6" box="[1340,1435,1642,1666]" pageId="31" pageNumber="245" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
). In distal view, the distal condyles are dorsoventrally elongated, and the lateral one, is bevelled more than 20° from the sagittal plane of the metatarsal. The condyles are transversely and dorsoventrally convex and separated by an intercondylar groove ventrally marked (especially marked on the right metatarsal
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FFA6D64AFA91D94498177C2A" box="[1334,1352,1799,1822]" pageId="31" pageNumber="245">II</collectionCode>
|
||
of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FFA6D64AFA2CD9459E367C0A" pageId="31" pageNumber="245" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA6D64AFC25D9669E847C0A" box="[898,987,1829,1854]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[142,1430,147,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[140,1432,145,1812]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., metatarsals from the holotype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-068.a), II (SAV05- 068.b, second row), III (SAV05-068.c, third row), IV (SAV05-068.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-068.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AC; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dlcr, dorsolateral crest; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241214/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="245">Figs 18L</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FFA6D64AFC40D96599517C0A" box="[999,1038,1830,1854]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[129,194,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[172,1431,148,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[170,1433,146,1813]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., metatarsals from the paratype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-35.a, first row), II (SAV05-035.b, second row), III (SAV05-035.c, third row), IV (SAV05-035.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-035.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241216/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="245">19L</figureCitation>
|
||
). The distal end does not have the ventrolateral projection present in diplodocids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FFA6D64AFB78D90698FB7C69" author="Tschopp E & Mateus O & Benson RBJ" box="[1247,1444,1861,1885]" journalOrPublisher="PeerJ" pageId="31" pageNumber="245" pagination="857" part="3" refId="ref49627" refString="Tschopp E, Mateus O, Benson RBJ. A specimen-level phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Diplodocidae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda). PeerJ 2015; 3: e 857." title="A specimen-level phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Diplodocidae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda)" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Tschopp
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA6D64AFA9AD90598337C69" box="[1341,1388,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="245">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="57BCD0FCFFA7D64BFFD2D8D09FB07DD6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241222" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11241222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241222/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="244" startId="30.[117,182,1683,1707]" targetBox="[116,1460,147,1652]" targetPageId="30" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFA7D64BFFD2D8D09FB07DD6" blockId="30.[115,1457,1683,1763]" pageId="30" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA7D64BFFD2D8D09D857D9F" bold="true" box="[117,218,1683,1707]" pageId="30" pageNumber="244">Figure 22.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA7D64BFF79D8D09C987D9F" authority="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega, 2024" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[222,455,1683,1707]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="30" pageNumber="244" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA7D64BFF79D8D09C987D9F" box="[222,455,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="244">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2A84E11DFFA7D64BFE76D8D09F037D9E" box="[465,604,1683,1707]" pageId="30" pageNumber="244" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, right pedal unguals I.2 (SAV05-035.k, A–E) and II.3 (SAV05-35.l, F–J) from the holotype specimen in dorsal (A, F), lateral (B, G), medial (C, H), proximal (D, I), and ventral (E, J) views.
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA7D64BFBA3D8EC99DF7DF3" box="[1028,1152,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="244">Abbreviations</emphasis>
|
||
: dcr, dorsal crest; fr, foramen; gr, groove; pf, posterior face; tb, tuberosity. Scale bar equals 30 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="57BCD0FCFFA6D64AFF23DB0E9FBE7EA9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11241224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241224/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="245" startId="31.[132,197,1357,1381]" targetBox="[131,1475,147,1326]" targetPageId="31" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFA6D64AFF23DB0E9FBE7EA9" blockId="31.[130,1451,1357,1438]" pageId="31" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA6D64AFF23DB0E9DB67E51" bold="true" box="[132,233,1357,1381]" pageId="31" pageNumber="245">Figure 23.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FFA6D64AFF4ADB0E9C887E51" authority="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega, 2024" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[237,471,1357,1381]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="31" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA6D64AFF4ADB0E9C887E51" box="[237,471,1357,1381]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="245">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2A84E11DFFA6D64AFE46DB0D9F347E51" box="[481,619,1358,1382]" pageId="31" pageNumber="245" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, right pedal unguals I.2 (SAV05-068.k, A–E) and III.3 (SAV05-068.l, F–J) from the paratype specimen in dorsal (A, F), lateral (B, G), medial (C, H), proximal (D, I), and ventral (E, J) views.
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FFA6D64AFBCCDB2A99B17EB5" box="[1131,1262,1385,1409]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="245">Abbreviations:</emphasis>
|
||
dcr, dorsal crest; gr, groove; pf, posterior face; tb, tuberosity. Scale bar equals 50 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FFA6D675FCF2D9279CB27EB9" blockId="31.[825,1475,1485,1979]" lastBlockId="32.[113,763,144,1985]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="31" pageNumber="245">
|
||
The metatarsals III and IV are slender and higher than metatarsals I and II, and the minimum transverse diameter of metatarsal III relative to the transverse diameter of the metatarsal I, and the minimum transverse diameter of metatarsal IV relative to the transverse diameter of the metatarsal I are both less than 65%. Four metatarsals III were recovered from the Sant Antoni de la Vespa fossil site [one right (SAV05-068.c,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF99D675FDD6DEAD9FB07A32" box="[625,751,238,262]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[142,1430,147,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[140,1432,145,1812]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., metatarsals from the holotype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-068.a), II (SAV05- 068.b, second row), III (SAV05-068.c, third row), IV (SAV05-068.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-068.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AC; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dlcr, dorsolateral crest; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241214/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">Fig. 18M–R</figureCitation>
|
||
) from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF99D675FF6BDF4E9C737A11" box="[204,300,269,293]" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; the right (SAV05-035.c,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF99D675FD80DF4E9FFF7A11" box="[551,672,269,293]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[129,194,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[172,1431,148,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[170,1433,146,1813]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., metatarsals from the paratype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-35.a, first row), II (SAV05-035.b, second row), III (SAV05-035.c, third row), IV (SAV05-035.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-035.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241216/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">Fig. 19M–R</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the left (SAV05-038.a) from
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF99D675FED3DF6E9C927A71" box="[372,461,301,325]" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen; and a referred left one (SAV05-056)]. The length of metatarsal III is 27–24% of the tibial length, unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FF99D675FE9EDF2F9F5D7AB7" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[313,514,364,387]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FF99D675FE9EDF2F9F5D7AB7" box="[313,514,364,387]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with 30% (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FF99D675FDDDDF2F9DBB7A97" author="Royo-Torres" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" pagination="61 - 83" refId="ref47917" refString="Royo-Torres R, Alcala L, Cobos A. A new specimen of the Cretaceous sauropod Tastavinsaurus sanzi from El Castellar (Teruel, Spain), and a phylogenetic analysis of the Laurasiformes. Cretaceous Research 2012; 34: 61 - 83." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FF99D675FFD6DFC89DF97A97" box="[113,166,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Similar values are shown by the brachiosaurids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FF99D675FFD6DFE89C157AF6" box="[113,330,426,450]" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Vouivria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dampariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FF99D675FFD6DFE89C157AF6" box="[113,330,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">Vouivria dampariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(26%) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FF99D675FE64DFE99FEE7AF6" box="[451,689,426,450]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sonorasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thompsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FF99D675FE64DFE99FEE7AF6" box="[451,689,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">Sonorasaurus thompsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(27%) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FF99D675FFDBDF8A9C1D7AD5" author="Mannion" box="[124,322,457,481]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FF99D675FF78DF899C537AD5" box="[223,268,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The proximal surface is rough, flat, and has a teardrop shape (in SAV05-038.a and SAV05-056, this teardrop shape is lateromedially compressed due to deformation) in proximal view with a convex and concave medial and lateral edge, respectively, and a straight dorsal edge (ventral edge is constricted and mediolaterally shorter than the dorsal one) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF99D675FD35DC259FAB794A" box="[658,756,614,638]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[142,1430,147,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[140,1432,145,1812]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., metatarsals from the holotype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-068.a), II (SAV05- 068.b, second row), III (SAV05-068.c, third row), IV (SAV05-068.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-068.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AC; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dlcr, dorsolateral crest; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241214/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">Figs 18Q</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF99D675FFD6DCC69DC079A9" box="[113,159,645,669]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[129,194,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[172,1431,148,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[170,1433,146,1813]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., metatarsals from the paratype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-35.a, first row), II (SAV05-035.b, second row), III (SAV05-035.c, third row), IV (SAV05-035.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-035.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241216/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">19Q</figureCitation>
|
||
). The proximal surface becomes transversely shorter dorsolaterally, and the dorsolateral edge curves distally, extending to the dorsolateral crest of the diaphysis. The dorsal surface of the diaphysis is bordered by the dorsolateral and the dorsomedial crests, connecting the dorsolateral and the dorsomedial edges of the proximal end to the distal end. The dorsal surface is flat and becomes concave proximally and distally (between the distal condyles), bearing two small foramina (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF99D675FD87DD239FDE784D" box="[544,641,864,889]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[129,194,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[172,1431,148,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[170,1433,146,1813]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., metatarsals from the paratype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-35.a, first row), II (SAV05-035.b, second row), III (SAV05-035.c, third row), IV (SAV05-035.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-035.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241216/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">Fig. 19M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Near the distal end, the dorsal surface of the dorsolateral and dorsomedial crests of the diaphysis preserve two pronounced bosses absent in the largest specimen. The lateral and medial surfaces of the metatarsal III are flat, but the lateral one becomes transversely concave in the proximal (striated surface) and distal end (with a small foramen in SAV05-035.c), The lateral and medial surfaces converge in the sagittal plane of the metatarsal III resulting in a constricted ventral face, corresponding to the ventrolateral crest of the diaphysis. The ventrolateral crest expands proximally, resulting in a flat platform, well-developed in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF99D675FD39DAD99FA57F86" box="[670,762,1178,1202]" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen. The distal condyles are individualized and are convex transversely and dorsoventrally (the medial one is longer dorsoventrally than the lateral one), separated by a wide intercondylar groove that slightly progresses to the ventral surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF99D675FD3FDB549FAC7E1B" box="[664,755,1303,1327]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[142,1430,147,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[140,1432,145,1812]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., metatarsals from the holotype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-068.a), II (SAV05- 068.b, second row), III (SAV05-068.c, third row), IV (SAV05-068.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-068.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AC; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dlcr, dorsolateral crest; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241214/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">Figs 18R</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF99D675FFD6DB759DC37E7A" box="[113,156,1334,1358]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[129,194,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[172,1431,148,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[170,1433,146,1813]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., metatarsals from the paratype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-35.a, first row), II (SAV05-035.b, second row), III (SAV05-035.c, third row), IV (SAV05-035.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-035.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241216/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">19R</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ratio of metatarsal III to metatarsal I proximodistal length is 1.34–1.37 and the ratio of metatarsal III to metatarsal IV proximodistal length is 1.06–1.07.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FF99D675FF2ADBD699707883" blockId="32.[113,763,144,1985]" lastBlockId="32.[810,1460,143,1984]" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">
|
||
Four metatarsals IV were recovered in the Sant Antoni de la Vespa fossil site [the right (SAV05-068.d,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF99D675FD81DBF79FC67EF8" box="[550,665,1460,1484]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[142,1430,147,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[140,1432,145,1812]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., metatarsals from the holotype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-068.a), II (SAV05- 068.b, second row), III (SAV05-068.c, third row), IV (SAV05-068.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-068.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AC; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dlcr, dorsolateral crest; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241214/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">Fig. 18S–X</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the left one (SAV05-042) from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF99D675FE17DB909F4F7EDF" box="[432,528,1491,1515]" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; the right one (SAV05- 035.d,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF99D675FF10DBB19C767D3E" box="[183,297,1522,1546]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[129,194,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[172,1431,148,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[170,1433,146,1813]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., metatarsals from the paratype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-35.a, first row), II (SAV05-035.b, second row), III (SAV05-035.c, third row), IV (SAV05-035.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-035.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241216/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">Fig. 19S–X</figureCitation>
|
||
) from
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF99D675FED3DBB09C927D3F" box="[372,461,1523,1547]" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen; and a referred left one (SAV05-058)]. The metatarsal IV is the slenderest metatarsal. The proximal surface is quadrangular to subtrapezoidal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF99D675FFDBD8139D817D5C" box="[124,222,1616,1640]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[129,194,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[172,1431,148,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[170,1433,146,1813]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., metatarsals from the paratype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-35.a, first row), II (SAV05-035.b, second row), III (SAV05-035.c, third row), IV (SAV05-035.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-035.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241216/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">Fig. 19W</figureCitation>
|
||
), rough, and concave in the middle (as occurs in metatarsal II), near the medial edge. The medial and lateral edges are concave. The presence of a concave medial surface in the proximal end of the metatarsal IV (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF99D675FDA5D8ED9F3E7DF2" box="[514,609,1710,1734]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[142,1430,147,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[140,1432,145,1812]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., metatarsals from the holotype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-068.a), II (SAV05- 068.b, second row), III (SAV05-068.c, third row), IV (SAV05-068.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-068.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AC; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dlcr, dorsolateral crest; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241214/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">Figs 18W</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF99D675FDCAD8ED9FC07DF2" box="[621,671,1710,1734]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[129,194,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[172,1431,148,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[170,1433,146,1813]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., metatarsals from the paratype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-35.a, first row), II (SAV05-035.b, second row), III (SAV05-035.c, third row), IV (SAV05-035.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-035.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241216/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">19W</figureCitation>
|
||
) characterizes many titanosauriforms (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FF99D675FE0BD88E9F3B7DD2" author="D'Emic" box="[428,612,1741,1766]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="D'Emic" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" pagination="1072 - 9" refId="ref44020" refString="D'Emic MD, Wilson JA, Williamson TE. A sauropod dinosaur pes from the latest Cretaceous of North America and the validity of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis (Sauropoda, Titanosauria). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2011; 31: 1072 - 9." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
D’Emic
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FF99D675FE58D88D9F727DD1" box="[511,557,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FF99D675FDC9D88E9FAA7DD2" author="D'Emic MD" box="[622,757,1741,1766]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" pagination="624 - 71" part="166" refId="ref43918" refString="D'Emic MD. The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2012; 166: 624 - 71." title="The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="2012">D’Emic 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FF99D675FFD6D8AE9C1C7C31" author="Mannion" box="[113,323,1773,1797]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FF99D675FF7FD8AD9C577C31" box="[216,264,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FF99D675FEF7D8AE9CD07C31" author="Mannion" box="[336,399,1773,1797]" firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" pagination="784 - 909" refId="ref46083" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Schwarz D et al. Taxonomic affinities of the putative titanosaurs from the Late Jurassic Tendaguru Formation of Tanzania: phylogenetic and biogeographic implications for eusauropod dinosaur evolution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2019 b; 185: 784 - 909." type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="b">2019b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The ventral edge of the proximal surface is shorter than the dorsal one. The dorsal edge of the proximal surface is straight, and in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF99D675FDA0D9689F3C7C77" box="[519,611,1835,1859]" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen, the proximoventral sector of the metatarsal is broken and displaced. The dorsolateral edge of the proximal surface deflects distally. The dorsal surface of diaphysis is transversely convex and becomes flat proximally and distally, between the distal condyles (there is a small foramen in this sector of the metatarsal). The dorsal face is bordered by a dorsolateral and dorsomedial crests only marked near the proximal and distal end. The medial face of the metatarsal is flat along its length, and proximally is marked by two proximodistal ridges: (i) a ventralmost ridge that corresponds to the ventromedial crest of the diaphysis (not associated with the ventrolateral crest of the diaphysis), which is not fully developed in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF99D675FC46DF2899657AB7" box="[993,1082,363,387]" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF99D675FB11DF28984F7AB7" box="[1206,1296,363,387]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[142,1430,147,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[140,1432,145,1812]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., metatarsals from the holotype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-068.a), II (SAV05- 068.b, second row), III (SAV05-068.c, third row), IV (SAV05-068.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-068.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AC; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dlcr, dorsolateral crest; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241214/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">Figs 18T</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF99D675FABADF2898167AB7" box="[1309,1353,363,387]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[129,194,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[172,1431,148,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[170,1433,146,1813]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., metatarsals from the paratype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-35.a, first row), II (SAV05-035.b, second row), III (SAV05-035.c, third row), IV (SAV05-035.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-035.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241216/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">19T</figureCitation>
|
||
); and (ii) a dorsalmost ridge that is proximodistally shorter and located near the ventromedial crest of the diaphysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF99D675FB5ADFEA980A7AF5" box="[1277,1365,425,449]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[129,194,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[172,1431,148,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[170,1433,146,1813]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., metatarsals from the paratype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-35.a, first row), II (SAV05-035.b, second row), III (SAV05-035.c, third row), IV (SAV05-035.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-035.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241216/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">Fig. 19T</figureCitation>
|
||
), corresponding to prominent rugosities in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF99D675FB1ADF8A98467AD5" box="[1213,1305,457,481]" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen. The lateral surface is concave in the proximal end (this concavity extends to the distal half in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF99D675FBD1DC4B99907914" box="[1142,1231,520,544]" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen) and flat in the distal end. The lateral surface of the diaphysis faces ventrolaterally and converge with the medial surface ventrally resulting in a constricted ventral surface (=ventrolateral crest), as in the metatarsal III. This ventral ridge is double in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF99D675FA82DCC698DE79A9" box="[1317,1409,645,669]" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen. The medial surface of the medial condyle has a small foramen in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF99D675FC6ADC80997679EF" box="[973,1065,707,731]" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen. The distal condyles are individualized, with an intercondylar groove that slightly extends to the ventral surface of the metatarsal. The distal condyles are slightly dorsoventrally longer in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF99D675FB11DD619850780E" box="[1206,1295,802,826]" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen, and subcircular in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF99D675FC42DD02991E786D" box="[997,1089,833,857]" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen. The distal surface is perpendicular to the long axis of bone, differing from the medially bevelled distal end present in brachiosaurids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FF99D675FABFDD3C9E017883" author="Mannion" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FF99D675FA26DDC398EB78A3" box="[1409,1460,895,919]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FF99D675FCCEDDDD997B7882" author="D'Emic" box="[873,1060,926,950]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="D'Emic" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" pagination="102 - 32" refId="ref44100" refString="D'Emic MD, Foreman BZ, Jud NA. Anatomy, systematics, paleoenvironment, growth, and age of the sauropod dinosaur Sonorasaurus thompsoni from the Cretaceous of Arizona, USA. Journal of Paleontology 2016; 90: 102 - 32." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
D’Emic
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FF99D675FC1ADDDC9EB47882" box="[957,1003,926,950]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FF99D675FCE1DDFD9EFD7D92" blockId="32.[810,1460,143,1984]" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">
|
||
Two metatarsals V were found [a right one (SAV05-068.e,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF99D675FC8DDD9E9E2378C1" box="[810,892,989,1013]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[142,1430,147,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[140,1432,145,1812]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., metatarsals from the holotype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-068.a), II (SAV05- 068.b, second row), III (SAV05-068.c, third row), IV (SAV05-068.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-068.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AC; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dlcr, dorsolateral crest; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241214/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">Fig. 18Y</figureCitation>
|
||
–AC) from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF99D675FBBEDD9E992678C1" box="[1049,1145,989,1013]" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; and a right one (SAV05-035.e,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF99D675FC8DDDBF9EDF7F21" box="[810,896,1020,1045]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[129,194,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[172,1431,148,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[170,1433,146,1813]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., metatarsals from the paratype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-35.a, first row), II (SAV05-035.b, second row), III (SAV05-035.c, third row), IV (SAV05-035.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-035.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241216/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">Fig. 19Y</figureCitation>
|
||
–AD) from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF99D675FB8FDDBE99DE7F21" box="[1064,1153,1021,1045]" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen]. The metatarsal V has approximately 72% and 77% of the length of metatarsals III and IV, respectively, and is lateromedially compressed. The proximal surface (not preserved in
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF99D675FB3DDA1999A97F46" box="[1178,1270,1114,1138]" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen) has an elliptical outline (the medial edge is straight and lateral one is convex), compressed lateromedially, and slopes laterally. The proximal and distal ends of metatarsal V expand dorsoventrally, with a marked proximal expansion (almost two times of the distal dorsoventral expansion), but not as marked as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FF99D675FC8DDB549EA67E1A" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[810,1017,1303,1326]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FF99D675FC8DDB549EA67E1A" box="[810,1017,1303,1326]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FF99D675FBABDB5599897E1B" author="Canudo" box="[1036,1238,1302,1327]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Canudo" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" pagination="712 - 31" refId="ref43133" refString="Canudo JI, Royo-Torres R, Cuenca-Bescos G. A new sauropod: Tastavinsaurus sanzi gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) of Spain. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2008; 28: 712 - 31." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Canudo
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FF99D675FBCFDB5499C57E1A" box="[1128,1178,1302,1326]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FF99D675FB42DB5498FD7E1B" author="Royo-Torres" box="[1253,1442,1303,1327]" firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref47869" refString="Royo-Torres R. El sauropodo de Penarroya de Tastavins. Monograpfias Turonlenses 2009; 6: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="2009">Royo-Torres 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The medial surface of metatarsal V is flat, and a marked crest extends from a boss-shaped structure near the distal face. The boss is much more pronounced in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF99D675FB34DB3799B07EB8" box="[1171,1263,1396,1420]" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen and the ridge seems to be absent. The presence of a pronounced tuberosity near the ventromedial edge of the distal end of the metatarsal V (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF99D675FC2CDB919EB97EDE" box="[907,998,1490,1514]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[113,178,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[142,1430,147,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[140,1432,145,1812]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., metatarsals from the holotype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-068.a), II (SAV05- 068.b, second row), III (SAV05-068.c, third row), IV (SAV05-068.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-068.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AC; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dlcr, dorsolateral crest; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241214/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">Figs 18Z</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF99D675FC54DB9199427EDE" box="[1011,1053,1490,1514]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[129,194,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[172,1431,148,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[170,1433,146,1813]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., metatarsals from the paratype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-35.a, first row), II (SAV05-035.b, second row), III (SAV05-035.c, third row), IV (SAV05-035.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-035.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241216/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">19Z</figureCitation>
|
||
), is considered as an autapomorphy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FF99D675FC8DDBB199767D3E" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[810,1065,1522,1546]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FF99D675FC8DDBB199767D3E" box="[810,1065,1522,1546]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The lateral surface of the diaphysis is dorsoventrally convex. The distal surface is rough, convex, and has a subcircular outline. The proximal end to the distal end maximum mediolateral width ratio is 1.67, differing from the greater ratio shown by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FF99D675FBBED83399B97DB3" baseAuthorityName="Royo-Torres" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1049,1254,1648,1671]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FF99D675FBBED83399B97DB3" box="[1049,1254,1648,1671]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2.32;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FF99D675FA94D82C9ECE7D92" author="Royo-Torres" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" pagination="61 - 83" refId="ref47917" refString="Royo-Torres R, Alcala L, Cobos A. A new specimen of the Cretaceous sauropod Tastavinsaurus sanzi from El Castellar (Teruel, Spain), and a phylogenetic analysis of the Laurasiformes. Cretaceous Research 2012; 34: 61 - 83." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FF99D675FC8DD8CC9E067D92" box="[810,857,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FF99D674FCE1D8ED9C877F00" blockId="32.[810,1460,143,1984]" lastBlockId="33.[129,778,144,1985]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">
|
||
The possible phalangeal (including unguals) formula based on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF99D675FCF7D88E9EF37DD1" box="[848,940,1741,1765]" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF99D675FC79D88E99687DD1" box="[990,1079,1741,1765]" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens is 2-3-3-3-0. The presence of three phalanges in pedal digit IV seems to be unique among eusauropods and only shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FF99D675FB10D94F9E927C77" authority="(D'Emic 2013)" baseAuthorityName="D'Emic" baseAuthorityYear="2013" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Cedarosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weiskopfae">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FF99D675FB10D94F98EC7C10" box="[1207,1459,1804,1828]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">Cedarosaurus weiskopfae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FF99D675FC92D9689E9F7C77" author="D'Emic MD" box="[821,960,1835,1859]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Systematic Palaeontology" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" pagination="707 - 26" part="11" refId="ref43943" refString="D'Emic MD. Revision of the sauropod dinosaurs of the Early Cretaceous Trinity Group, southern USA, with the description of a new genus. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 2013; 11: 707 - 26." title="Revision of the sauropod dinosaurs of the Early Cretaceous Trinity Group, southern USA, with the description of a new genus" type="journal article" year="2013">D’Emic 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The non-ungual phalanges are broader transversely than longer proximodistally. Three phalanges I.1 [a right one (SAV05-068.f,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF99D675FC55D929993A7CB6" box="[1010,1125,1898,1922]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="28.[115,180,1359,1383]" captionTargetBox="[116,1461,148,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-301@28.[114,1461,146,1331]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 20. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., pedal phalanges from the holotype specimen. Right phalanx I.1 (SAV05-068.f, first row), II.1 (SAV05-068.g, second row), III.1 and III.2 (SAV05-068.h, third row), IV.1 (SAV05-068.i, fourth row), IV.2 (SAV05-068.j fifth row) and IV.3 (SAV05-068.m, sixth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y, AE), medial (B, H, N, T, Z, AF), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA, AG), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB, AH), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC, AI; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD, AJ; dorsal towards top side) views.Abbreviations:dp, depression; fr, foramen; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241218/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">Fig. 20A–F</figureCitation>
|
||
) from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF99D675FB7FD92998677CB6" box="[1240,1336,1898,1922]" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; a right one (SAV05-035.f,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF99D675FC61D9CA99647C95" box="[966,1083,1929,1953]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="29.[131,196,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[131,1474,146,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-248@29.[129,1476,144,1373]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 21. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., pedal phalanges from the paratype specimen. Right phalanx I.1 (SAV05-035.f, first row), II.1 (SAV05-035.g, second row), II.2 (SAV05-035.j, third row), III.2 (SAV05-038.b, fourth row), IV.1 (SAV05-035.h, fifth row), IV.2 (SAV05- 035.i, sixth row) and IV.3 (SAV05-035.m, seventh row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y, AE, AK), medial (B, H, N, T, Z, AF, AL), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA, AG, AM), lateral (D, J, P, V,AB, AH, AN), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC, AI, AO; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD, AJ, AP; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: dp, depression; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle.Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241220/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="246">Fig. 21A–F</figureCitation>
|
||
) from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF99D675FB12D9CA984D7C95" box="[1205,1298,1929,1953]" pageId="32" pageNumber="246" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
; and a referred left one (SAV05-057.b)]; and two phalanges II.1 [a right one (SAV05-068.g,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF98D674FE83DED39CC07B9C" box="[292,415,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="28.[115,180,1359,1383]" captionTargetBox="[116,1461,148,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-301@28.[114,1461,146,1331]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 20. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., pedal phalanges from the holotype specimen. Right phalanx I.1 (SAV05-068.f, first row), II.1 (SAV05-068.g, second row), III.1 and III.2 (SAV05-068.h, third row), IV.1 (SAV05-068.i, fourth row), IV.2 (SAV05-068.j fifth row) and IV.3 (SAV05-068.m, sixth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y, AE), medial (B, H, N, T, Z, AF), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA, AG), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB, AH), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC, AI; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD, AJ; dorsal towards top side) views.Abbreviations:dp, depression; fr, foramen; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241218/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">Fig. 20G–L</figureCitation>
|
||
) from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF98D674FD87DED39FDF7B9C" box="[544,640,144,168]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; a right one (SAV05-035.g,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF98D674FEBADEEC9CCF7BF3" box="[285,400,175,199]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="29.[131,196,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[131,1474,146,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-248@29.[129,1476,144,1373]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 21. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., pedal phalanges from the paratype specimen. Right phalanx I.1 (SAV05-035.f, first row), II.1 (SAV05-035.g, second row), II.2 (SAV05-035.j, third row), III.2 (SAV05-038.b, fourth row), IV.1 (SAV05-035.h, fifth row), IV.2 (SAV05- 035.i, sixth row) and IV.3 (SAV05-035.m, seventh row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y, AE, AK), medial (B, H, N, T, Z, AF, AL), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA, AG, AM), lateral (D, J, P, V,AB, AH, AN), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC, AI, AO; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD, AJ, AP; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: dp, depression; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle.Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241220/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">Fig. 21G–L</figureCitation>
|
||
) from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF98D674FE5BDEF39F067BFC" box="[508,601,176,200]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
] have been found at the fossil site. The phalanges I.1 and II.1 have a similar morphology. The dorsal surface of phalanx I.1 (mediolaterally narrower than the ventral one) is flat and medially and laterally bordered by rudimentary proximodistal crests (the dorsomedial and the dorsolateral crests), which separates it from the medial and lateral surfaces of the phalanx. The proximal surface is concave, has a semicircular-to-subrectangular outline (with a straight to concave ventral edge,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF98D674FE90DFE99CD07AF6" box="[311,399,426,450]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="28.[115,180,1359,1383]" captionTargetBox="[116,1461,148,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-301@28.[114,1461,146,1331]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 20. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., pedal phalanges from the holotype specimen. Right phalanx I.1 (SAV05-068.f, first row), II.1 (SAV05-068.g, second row), III.1 and III.2 (SAV05-068.h, third row), IV.1 (SAV05-068.i, fourth row), IV.2 (SAV05-068.j fifth row) and IV.3 (SAV05-068.m, sixth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y, AE), medial (B, H, N, T, Z, AF), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA, AG), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB, AH), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC, AI; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD, AJ; dorsal towards top side) views.Abbreviations:dp, depression; fr, foramen; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241218/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">Figs 20E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF98D674FE3EDFE99C9E7AF6" box="[409,449,426,450]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="29.[131,196,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[131,1474,146,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-248@29.[129,1476,144,1373]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 21. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., pedal phalanges from the paratype specimen. Right phalanx I.1 (SAV05-035.f, first row), II.1 (SAV05-035.g, second row), II.2 (SAV05-035.j, third row), III.2 (SAV05-038.b, fourth row), IV.1 (SAV05-035.h, fifth row), IV.2 (SAV05- 035.i, sixth row) and IV.3 (SAV05-035.m, seventh row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y, AE, AK), medial (B, H, N, T, Z, AF, AL), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA, AG, AM), lateral (D, J, P, V,AB, AH, AN), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC, AI, AO; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD, AJ, AP; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: dp, depression; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle.Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241220/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">21E</figureCitation>
|
||
), and is perforated by a foramen in SAV05-38.f. The dorsal and the ventral edges of the proximal surface are proximally projected, covering part of the distal end of metatarsal I. The medial surface of this phalanx is flat and perforated by small foramina in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF98D674FE69DC649F75790B" box="[462,554,551,575]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen. The lateral surface is dorsoventrally and proximodistally shorter than the medial one and marked by a depression near the dorsolateral crest, especially developed in the smaller individuals (considered herein as an autapomorphy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FF98D674FE6FDCE79F967988" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[456,713,676,700]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FF98D674FE6FDCE79F967988" box="[456,713,676,700]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The ventral surface is proximodistally and mediolaterally concave and bears a small concavity near the medial distal condyle in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF98D674FF26DD419D82782E" box="[129,221,770,794]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF98D674FEB6DD409C35782F" box="[273,362,771,795]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (absent in SAV05-057b). The distal condyles are individualized, extended to the ventral surface of the phalanx, dorsally connected, and ventrally projected; the medial condyle is shorter mediolaterally than the lateral one. In distal view, the medial condyle is medially bevelled (15–20°) and converges dorsally with the lateral one. The medial condyle is more ventrally projected than the lateral one. Both condyles are dorsoventrally elongated with sub-elliptical outlines. Near the ventral border of the distal surface, there is a wide intercondylar depression between the condyles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FF98D674FF3BDA7F9F337C70" blockId="33.[129,778,144,1985]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">
|
||
The pedal phalanx
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FF98D674FECBDA7F9CDD7F60" box="[364,386,1084,1108]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">II</collectionCode>
|
||
.1 is proximodistally longer than the phalanx I.1. In proximal view, phalanx
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FF98D674FDBDDA189F6F7F47" box="[538,560,1115,1139]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">II</collectionCode>
|
||
.1 has a semicircularto-‘heart’-shaped (concave ventral edge) outline with a smooth, and flat-to-concave surface (more concave in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF98D674FDD8DAD99F877F86" box="[639,728,1178,1202]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen than in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF98D674FEE6DAFA9CC27FE5" box="[321,413,1209,1233]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
one) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF98D674FE40DAFA9F1B7FE5" box="[487,580,1209,1233]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="28.[115,180,1359,1383]" captionTargetBox="[116,1461,148,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-301@28.[114,1461,146,1331]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 20. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., pedal phalanges from the holotype specimen. Right phalanx I.1 (SAV05-068.f, first row), II.1 (SAV05-068.g, second row), III.1 and III.2 (SAV05-068.h, third row), IV.1 (SAV05-068.i, fourth row), IV.2 (SAV05-068.j fifth row) and IV.3 (SAV05-068.m, sixth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y, AE), medial (B, H, N, T, Z, AF), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA, AG), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB, AH), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC, AI; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD, AJ; dorsal towards top side) views.Abbreviations:dp, depression; fr, foramen; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241218/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">Figs 20K</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF98D674FDF5DAFA9F217FE5" box="[594,638,1209,1233]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="29.[131,196,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[131,1474,146,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-248@29.[129,1476,144,1373]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 21. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., pedal phalanges from the paratype specimen. Right phalanx I.1 (SAV05-035.f, first row), II.1 (SAV05-035.g, second row), II.2 (SAV05-035.j, third row), III.2 (SAV05-038.b, fourth row), IV.1 (SAV05-035.h, fifth row), IV.2 (SAV05- 035.i, sixth row) and IV.3 (SAV05-035.m, seventh row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y, AE, AK), medial (B, H, N, T, Z, AF, AL), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA, AG, AM), lateral (D, J, P, V,AB, AH, AN), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC, AI, AO; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD, AJ, AP; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: dp, depression; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle.Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241220/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">21K</figureCitation>
|
||
). A proximal surface of phalanx
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FF98D674FE9DDA9B9C0F7FC4" box="[314,336,1240,1264]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">II</collectionCode>
|
||
.1 with a ‘heart’-shaped outline is considered as autapomorphic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FF98D674FED7DABB9F2A7E24" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[368,629,1272,1296]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FF98D674FED7DABB9F2A7E24" box="[368,629,1272,1296]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Similarly, to pedal phalanx I.1, the dorsal surface of phalanx
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FF98D674FDD1DB549FD37E1B" box="[630,652,1303,1327]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">II</collectionCode>
|
||
.1 is flat and mediolaterally shorter than the ventral one (in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF98D674FD26DB759F807E7A" box="[641,735,1334,1358]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, the dorsal surface is mediolaterally convex and poorly preserved). The dorsal surface is bordered by the proximodistal elongated dorsomedial and dorsolateral crests. The medial surface is also marked by a depression near the distal end, but shallower than in pedal phalanx I.1 (less pronounced in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF98D674FD92DB909FCE7EDF" box="[565,657,1491,1515]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen). The lateral surface is flat, and the ventral surface is concave to smoothly concave in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF98D674FEDDD8519C8C7D1E" box="[378,467,1554,1578]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (two small foramina are present in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF98D674FE93D8729CD27D7D" box="[308,397,1585,1609]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen). In the ventralmost area of the ventral surface, there is a small concavity near the distal end (absent in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF98D674FEBDD82C9C297DB3" box="[282,374,1647,1671]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen). The distal condyles are individualized (dorsally connected), extending to the ventral face of the phalanx. An intercondylar depression is present between the distal condyles and near the ventral edge of the distal surface. This depression does not extend to the ventral surface of the phalanx. The condyles are dorsoventrally elongated (the medial one is lateromedially wider than the lateral one).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FF98D674FF3BD90899417AB7" blockId="33.[129,778,144,1985]" lastBlockId="33.[825,1475,143,1984]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B3AB8A29FF98D674FF3BD90899457AB7" collectionCode="III" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
Only one right phalanx
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FF98D674FE2DD9089CF57C57" box="[394,426,1867,1891]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">III</collectionCode>
|
||
.1 (SAV05-068.h,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF98D674FDFDD9089F8C7C57" box="[602,723,1867,1891]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="28.[115,180,1359,1383]" captionTargetBox="[116,1461,148,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-301@28.[114,1461,146,1331]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 20. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., pedal phalanges from the holotype specimen. Right phalanx I.1 (SAV05-068.f, first row), II.1 (SAV05-068.g, second row), III.1 and III.2 (SAV05-068.h, third row), IV.1 (SAV05-068.i, fourth row), IV.2 (SAV05-068.j fifth row) and IV.3 (SAV05-068.m, sixth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y, AE), medial (B, H, N, T, Z, AF), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA, AG), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB, AH), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC, AI; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD, AJ; dorsal towards top side) views.Abbreviations:dp, depression; fr, foramen; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241218/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">Fig. 20M–R</figureCitation>
|
||
) was recovered belonging to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF98D674FE36D9299CB27CB6" box="[401,493,1898,1922]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen. It has a flat dorsal surface and bears some smooth rugosities. The lateral surface of this phalanx is dorsoventrally shorter than the medial one and it extends continuously to the dorsal surface. The medial surface is flat, separated from the dorsal edge by a smooth dorsomedial crest. The outline of proximal surface is unknown (the ventral edge is broken), but the dorsal edge is convex. The proximal surface is concave. The dorsal edge is slightly proximally projected. The distal end is covered by pedal phalanx
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FF98D674FB56DF6F98517A70" box="[1265,1294,300,324]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">III</collectionCode>
|
||
.2, and so it is not possible to describe it. The distal condyles extend to the ventral surface of the phalanx
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FF98D674FCF2DFC899997882" blockId="33.[825,1475,143,1984]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">
|
||
Two pedal phalanges
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FF98D674FB98DFC999027A96" box="[1087,1117,394,418]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">IV</collectionCode>
|
||
.1 [a right one (SAV05-068.i,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF98D674FA3BDFC99E207AF5" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="28.[115,180,1359,1383]" captionTargetBox="[116,1461,148,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-301@28.[114,1461,146,1331]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 20. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., pedal phalanges from the holotype specimen. Right phalanx I.1 (SAV05-068.f, first row), II.1 (SAV05-068.g, second row), III.1 and III.2 (SAV05-068.h, third row), IV.1 (SAV05-068.i, fourth row), IV.2 (SAV05-068.j fifth row) and IV.3 (SAV05-068.m, sixth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y, AE), medial (B, H, N, T, Z, AF), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA, AG), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB, AH), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC, AI; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD, AJ; dorsal towards top side) views.Abbreviations:dp, depression; fr, foramen; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241218/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">Fig. 20S–X</figureCitation>
|
||
) from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF98D674FC57DFEA990F7AF5" box="[1008,1104,425,449]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; and a right one (SAV05-035.h,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF98D674FA3BDFEA9E3D7AD5" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="29.[131,196,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[131,1474,146,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-248@29.[129,1476,144,1373]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 21. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., pedal phalanges from the paratype specimen. Right phalanx I.1 (SAV05-035.f, first row), II.1 (SAV05-035.g, second row), II.2 (SAV05-035.j, third row), III.2 (SAV05-038.b, fourth row), IV.1 (SAV05-035.h, fifth row), IV.2 (SAV05- 035.i, sixth row) and IV.3 (SAV05-035.m, seventh row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y, AE, AK), medial (B, H, N, T, Z, AF, AL), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA, AG, AM), lateral (D, J, P, V,AB, AH, AN), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC, AI, AO; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD, AJ, AP; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: dp, depression; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle.Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241220/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">Fig. 21Y</figureCitation>
|
||
–AD) from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF98D674FBA6DF8A99017AD5" box="[1025,1118,457,481]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
] are recognized (the distal condyle in phalanx
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FF98D674FC00DFAB9E9A7934" box="[935,965,488,512]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">IV</collectionCode>
|
||
.1 of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF98D674FBB2DFAB992E7934" box="[1045,1137,488,512]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is eroded). They are more dorsoventrally compressed than pedal phalanx
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FF98D674FB79DC4499A0792B" box="[1246,1279,519,543]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">III</collectionCode>
|
||
.1. The phalanx
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FF98D674FA3EDC4498E8792B" box="[1433,1463,519,543]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">IV</collectionCode>
|
||
.1 of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF98D674FCD0DC649E8F790B" box="[887,976,551,575]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen seems to be mediolaterally more elongated than that of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF98D674FBACDC059936796A" box="[1035,1129,582,606]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. The proximal surface is smoothly concave in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF98D674FC77DC259976794A" box="[976,1065,614,638]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
and concave in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF98D674FB57DC2698117949" box="[1264,1358,613,637]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, preserving an elliptical outline (mediolaterally elongated). The dorsal surface is concave proximodistally and convex mediolaterally. This surface is separated from the ventral surface by the ventromedial and ventrolateral crests (these crests are not pronounced). The ventral surface is concave in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF98D674FB28DD4199B7782E" box="[1167,1256,770,794]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
and flat in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF98D674FA2CDD419E38780E" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (with two small foramina). The distal condyles are transversely expanded in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF98D674FB33DD0299B2786D" box="[1172,1261,833,857]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen; however, this expansion is not visible in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF98D674FB33DD2399AF784C" box="[1172,1264,864,888]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen due to the preservation. The condyles are not well-individualized and only slightly extended to the ventral surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FF98D674FCF2DDFD9ECF7EFF" blockId="33.[825,1475,143,1984]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">
|
||
There is one preserved pedal phalanx
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FF98D674FB5FDDFD985478E2" box="[1272,1291,958,982]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">II</collectionCode>
|
||
.2 [the right one (SAV05-035.j,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF98D674FC72DD9E990C78C1" box="[981,1107,989,1013]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="29.[131,196,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[131,1474,146,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-248@29.[129,1476,144,1373]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 21. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., pedal phalanges from the paratype specimen. Right phalanx I.1 (SAV05-035.f, first row), II.1 (SAV05-035.g, second row), II.2 (SAV05-035.j, third row), III.2 (SAV05-038.b, fourth row), IV.1 (SAV05-035.h, fifth row), IV.2 (SAV05- 035.i, sixth row) and IV.3 (SAV05-035.m, seventh row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y, AE, AK), medial (B, H, N, T, Z, AF, AL), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA, AG, AM), lateral (D, J, P, V,AB, AH, AN), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC, AI, AO; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD, AJ, AP; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: dp, depression; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle.Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241220/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">Fig. 21M–R</figureCitation>
|
||
) from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF98D674FB68DD9D987178C2" box="[1231,1326,990,1014]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
]. The phalanx
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FF98D674FC9EDDBE9E137F21" box="[825,844,1021,1045]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">II</collectionCode>
|
||
.2 is wedge-shaped in dorsal view being proximodistally constricted on the lateral side, producing a tongue-shaped structure. This phalanx is suboval in proximal view and bears a concave proximal surface with small circular foramina and some dorsoventral struts. The ventromedial edge of the proximal surface is ventrally projected bordering dorsally the ventral surface of the phalanx. The ventral surface is small and concave and perforated by a small foramen. The dorsal surface is proximodistally concave and extends continuously to the medial side up to the ventromedial crest, which separates the ventral surface from the medial one. The distal surface is marked two convex medial and lateral condyles, not well individualized dorsally but separated by a wide intercondylar concavity in the ventral half of the distal surface. The condyles extend to the ventral surface of the phalanx.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FF98D677FCF2DB909F557AF6" blockId="33.[825,1475,143,1984]" lastBlockId="34.[113,763,144,1985]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="248" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">
|
||
Two right phalanges
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FF98D674FB81DB91991C7EDE" box="[1062,1091,1490,1514]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">III</collectionCode>
|
||
.2 were found: one in articulation with pedal phalanx
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FF98D674FC6DDBB19EB57D3E" box="[970,1002,1522,1546]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">III</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity id="C43B2D91FF98D674FC49DBB1994F7D3E" box="[1006,1040,1522,1546]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF98D674FB9CDBB199C87D3E" box="[1083,1175,1522,1546]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF98D674FAAADBB198D97D3E" box="[1293,1414,1522,1546]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="28.[115,180,1359,1383]" captionTargetBox="[116,1461,148,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-301@28.[114,1461,146,1331]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 20. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., pedal phalanges from the holotype specimen. Right phalanx I.1 (SAV05-068.f, first row), II.1 (SAV05-068.g, second row), III.1 and III.2 (SAV05-068.h, third row), IV.1 (SAV05-068.i, fourth row), IV.2 (SAV05-068.j fifth row) and IV.3 (SAV05-068.m, sixth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y, AE), medial (B, H, N, T, Z, AF), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA, AG), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB, AH), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC, AI; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD, AJ; dorsal towards top side) views.Abbreviations:dp, depression; fr, foramen; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241218/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">Fig. 20M–R</figureCitation>
|
||
), and another one (SAV05-038.b,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF98D674FBF6D852999F7D1D" box="[1105,1216,1553,1577]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="29.[131,196,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[131,1474,146,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-248@29.[129,1476,144,1373]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 21. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., pedal phalanges from the paratype specimen. Right phalanx I.1 (SAV05-035.f, first row), II.1 (SAV05-035.g, second row), II.2 (SAV05-035.j, third row), III.2 (SAV05-038.b, fourth row), IV.1 (SAV05-035.h, fifth row), IV.2 (SAV05- 035.i, sixth row) and IV.3 (SAV05-035.m, seventh row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y, AE, AK), medial (B, H, N, T, Z, AF, AL), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA, AG, AM), lateral (D, J, P, V,AB, AH, AN), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC, AI, AO; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD, AJ, AP; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: dp, depression; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle.Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241220/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">Fig.21S–X</figureCitation>
|
||
) found near the left metatarsal
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FF98D674FCD1D8729ECE7D7C" box="[886,913,1585,1608]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">III</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="5365280FFF98D674FC39D873994E7D7C" box="[926,1041,1584,1608]" collectionCode="III" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">SAV05-38</specimenCode>
|
||
.a), and it is considered as belonging to the right hindlimb of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF98D674FBB7D81399367D5C" box="[1040,1129,1616,1640]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen. The pedal phalanx
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FF98D674FA32D81398ED7D5C" box="[1429,1458,1616,1640]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">III</collectionCode>
|
||
.2 is larger than the phalanx
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FF98D674FB9DD82C99117DB3" box="[1082,1102,1647,1671]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">II</collectionCode>
|
||
.2. The phalanx
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FF98D674FB4DD82C98587DB3" box="[1258,1287,1647,1671]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">III</collectionCode>
|
||
.2 is wedge-shaped in dorsal view being proximodistally constricted on the lateral side (less proximodistally constricted than in the pedal phalanx
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FF98D674FC9ED88E9E117DD1" box="[825,846,1741,1765]" pageId="33" pageNumber="247">II</collectionCode>
|
||
.2). This phalanx has a teardrop-shaped outline in proximal view (laterally constricted and with a ventral straight edge). The proximal surface is dorsoventrally concave and mediolaterally convex, rough, and bears some small foramina. The ventral edge of the proximal surface is ventrally projected, bordering dorsally the ventral surface, producing a tongue-shaped structure. The dorsal surface is flat, triangular (laterally constricted), and is separated from the medial face by the dorsomedial crest. The medial surface is flat to slightly concave. The ventral surface is sub-rectangular in ventral view but laterally constricted, being lateromedially and proximodistally concave (two foramina are present near the lateral edge). The distal surface is marked by two convex medial and lateral condyles, well individualized and dorsally connected but separated by a wide intercondylar concavity in the ventral half of the distal surface. The condyles extend do the ventral surface of phalanx and diverge ventrally (the medial condyle is dorsoventrally oriented and the lateral one is dorsomedially-ventrolaterally oriented).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FF9BD677FF2ADF8A9F5D78C2" blockId="34.[113,763,144,1985]" pageId="34" pageNumber="248">
|
||
Three pedal phalanx
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FF9BD677FEDCDF8A9CC97AD5" box="[379,406,457,481]" pageId="34" pageNumber="248">IV</collectionCode>
|
||
.2 were recognized [a right one (SAV05-068.j,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF9BD677FEAADFAA9C387935" box="[269,359,489,513]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="28.[115,180,1359,1383]" captionTargetBox="[116,1461,148,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-301@28.[114,1461,146,1331]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 20. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., pedal phalanges from the holotype specimen. Right phalanx I.1 (SAV05-068.f, first row), II.1 (SAV05-068.g, second row), III.1 and III.2 (SAV05-068.h, third row), IV.1 (SAV05-068.i, fourth row), IV.2 (SAV05-068.j fifth row) and IV.3 (SAV05-068.m, sixth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y, AE), medial (B, H, N, T, Z, AF), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA, AG), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB, AH), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC, AI; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD, AJ; dorsal towards top side) views.Abbreviations:dp, depression; fr, foramen; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241218/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="248">Fig. 20Y</figureCitation>
|
||
–AD) from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF9BD677FDB3DFAA9F2B7935" box="[532,628,489,513]" pageId="34" pageNumber="248" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; a right one (SAV05-035.i,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF9BD677FEB7DC4B9C067914" box="[272,345,520,544]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="29.[131,196,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[131,1474,146,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-248@29.[129,1476,144,1373]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 21. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., pedal phalanges from the paratype specimen. Right phalanx I.1 (SAV05-035.f, first row), II.1 (SAV05-035.g, second row), II.2 (SAV05-035.j, third row), III.2 (SAV05-038.b, fourth row), IV.1 (SAV05-035.h, fifth row), IV.2 (SAV05- 035.i, sixth row) and IV.3 (SAV05-035.m, seventh row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y, AE, AK), medial (B, H, N, T, Z, AF, AL), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA, AG, AM), lateral (D, J, P, V,AB, AH, AN), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC, AI, AO; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD, AJ, AP; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: dp, depression; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle.Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241220/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="248">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
AE–
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FF9BD677FE2FDC4B9CFB7914" box="[392,420,520,544]" country="Japan" name="Central Research Laboratories" pageId="34" pageNumber="248">AJ</collectionCode>
|
||
) from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF9BD677FD80DC4B9FDB7914" box="[551,644,520,544]" pageId="34" pageNumber="248" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
; and a referred left one (SAV05-057.c)]. The pedal phalanx
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FF9BD677FDDEDC649FCB790B" box="[633,660,551,575]" pageId="34" pageNumber="248">IV</collectionCode>
|
||
.2 is markedly proximodistally shorter than phalanx
|
||
<collectionCode id="65D218B1FF9BD677FD88DC049F11796B" box="[559,590,583,607]" pageId="34" pageNumber="248">IV</collectionCode>
|
||
.1, and extremely mediolaterally larger than proximodistally. The proximal surface is elliptical and dorsoventrally compressed in proximal view. The proximal surface is flat (straight or smoothly convex mediolaterally). In the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF9BD677FEFEDC879CEA79E8" box="[345,437,708,732]" pageId="34" pageNumber="248" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
the ventral edge of the proximal surface is proximally projected. The dorsal surface is continuous to the lateral and medial surfaces, resulting in a mediolateral convex surface and proximodistally concave. This surface is separated from the ventral surface by the ventromedial and ventrolateral crests. The distal condyles are individualized with a smooth intercondylar depression in the middle. They are projected ventrally and extend significantly to the ventral surface of the phalanx. The ventral surface of the phalanx is smoothly concave with a tuberosity in its medial half.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="037C8074FF9BD677FF2ADDBD98C17A70" blockId="34.[113,763,144,1985]" lastBlockId="34.[810,1459,143,324]" pageId="34" pageNumber="248">
|
||
Two right pedal unguals I.2 [almost complete, from both
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF9BD677FD64DDBE9DC07F01" pageId="34" pageNumber="248" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(SAV05-068.k,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF9BD677FEEEDA5F9CE27F01" box="[329,445,1052,1077]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="30.[117,182,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[116,1460,147,1652]" captionTargetId="figure-109@30.[113,1463,144,1655]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 22. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right pedal unguals I.2 (SAV05-035.k, A–E) and II.3 (SAV05-35.l, F–J) from the holotype specimen in dorsal (A, F), lateral (B, G), medial (C, H), proximal (D, I), and ventral (E, J) views.Abbreviations: dcr, dorsal crest; fr, foramen; gr, groove; pf, posterior face; tb, tuberosity. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241222/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="248">Fig. 22A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF9BD677FDA7DA5E9F067F01" box="[512,601,1053,1077]" pageId="34" pageNumber="248" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(SAV05-035.k,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF9BD677FFD6DA7F9DB97F60" box="[113,230,1084,1108]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="31.[132,197,1357,1381]" captionTargetBox="[131,1475,147,1326]" captionTargetId="figure-349@31.[128,1478,144,1329]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 23. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen.et sp. nov., right pedal unguals I.2 (SAV05-068.k, A–E) and III.3 (SAV05-068.l, F–J) from the paratype specimen in dorsal (A, F), lateral (B, G), medial (C, H), proximal (D, I), and ventral (E, J) views. Abbreviations: dcr, dorsal crest; gr, groove; pf, posterior face; tb, tuberosity. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241224/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="248">Fig. 23A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
)]; one right pedal ungual II.3 [from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF9BD677FD39DA7F9FA57F60" box="[670,762,1084,1108]" pageId="34" pageNumber="248" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (SAV05-068.l,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF9BD677FED3DA189CBF7F47" box="[372,480,1115,1139]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="30.[117,182,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[116,1460,147,1652]" captionTargetId="figure-109@30.[113,1463,144,1655]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 22. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right pedal unguals I.2 (SAV05-035.k, A–E) and II.3 (SAV05-35.l, F–J) from the holotype specimen in dorsal (A, F), lateral (B, G), medial (C, H), proximal (D, I), and ventral (E, J) views.Abbreviations: dcr, dorsal crest; fr, foramen; gr, groove; pf, posterior face; tb, tuberosity. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241222/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="248">Fig. 22F–J</figureCitation>
|
||
), which is badly preserved and separated in two pieces; and fragments from the left one of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF9BD677FF30DAD99DAF7F86" box="[151,240,1178,1202]" pageId="34" pageNumber="248" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(SAV05-038.c)]; one right pedal ungual III.3 [from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF9BD677FF38DAF99DA77FE6" box="[159,248,1210,1234]" pageId="34" pageNumber="248" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (SAV05-35.l,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF9BD677FDA2DAFA9F297FE5" box="[517,630,1209,1233]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="31.[132,197,1357,1381]" captionTargetBox="[131,1475,147,1326]" captionTargetId="figure-349@31.[128,1478,144,1329]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 23. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen.et sp. nov., right pedal unguals I.2 (SAV05-068.k, A–E) and III.3 (SAV05-068.l, F–J) from the paratype specimen in dorsal (A, F), lateral (B, G), medial (C, H), proximal (D, I), and ventral (E, J) views. Abbreviations: dcr, dorsal crest; gr, groove; pf, posterior face; tb, tuberosity. Scale bar equals 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241224/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="248">Fig. 23F–J</figureCitation>
|
||
)]; and two right IV.3 [a complete one from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF9BD677FE52DA9B9F0E7FC4" box="[501,593,1240,1264]" pageId="34" pageNumber="248" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(SAV05-068.m,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF9BD677FFD6DABB9DEA7E24" box="[113,181,1272,1296]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="28.[115,180,1359,1383]" captionTargetBox="[116,1461,148,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-301@28.[114,1461,146,1331]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 20. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., pedal phalanges from the holotype specimen. Right phalanx I.1 (SAV05-068.f, first row), II.1 (SAV05-068.g, second row), III.1 and III.2 (SAV05-068.h, third row), IV.1 (SAV05-068.i, fourth row), IV.2 (SAV05-068.j fifth row) and IV.3 (SAV05-068.m, sixth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y, AE), medial (B, H, N, T, Z, AF), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA, AG), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB, AH), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC, AI; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD, AJ; dorsal towards top side) views.Abbreviations:dp, depression; fr, foramen; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle. Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241218/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="248">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
AE–AJ); and one from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF9BD677FE68DABB9F777E24" box="[463,552,1272,1296]" pageId="34" pageNumber="248" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(SAV05-035.m,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BF89CF1FF9BD677FD73DABB9DD87E1B" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="29.[131,196,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[131,1474,146,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-248@29.[129,1476,144,1373]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 21. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., pedal phalanges from the paratype specimen. Right phalanx I.1 (SAV05-035.f, first row), II.1 (SAV05-035.g, second row), II.2 (SAV05-035.j, third row), III.2 (SAV05-038.b, fourth row), IV.1 (SAV05-035.h, fifth row), IV.2 (SAV05- 035.i, sixth row) and IV.3 (SAV05-035.m, seventh row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y, AE, AK), medial (B, H, N, T, Z, AF, AL), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA, AG, AM), lateral (D, J, P, V,AB, AH, AN), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC, AI, AO; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD, AJ, AP; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: dp, depression; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle.Scale bar equals 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241220/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="248">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
AK–AP), which is badly preserved] were identified. Except the fourth ungual, all the unguals are sickle-shaped, much deeper dorsoventrally than broader transversely, with a convex dorsal edge, and concave ventral edge in lateral view. The ungual I.2 is less curved than the one from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FF9BD677FE16DBD69D907EF8" authority="(Canudo et al. 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Canudo" baseAuthorityYear="2008" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="34" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FF9BD677FE16DBD69F227E98" box="[433,637,1429,1452]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="248">Tastavinsaurus sanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FF9BD677FD28DBD79D9C7EF8" author="Canudo" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Canudo" pageId="34" pageNumber="248" pagination="712 - 31" refId="ref43133" refString="Canudo JI, Royo-Torres R, Cuenca-Bescos G. A new sauropod: Tastavinsaurus sanzi gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) of Spain. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2008; 28: 712 - 31." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Canudo
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FF9BD677FD4EDBD69DD57EF8" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="248">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The ungual I.
|
||
<quantity id="C43B2D91FF9BD677FEF8DBF79CD87EF8" box="[351,391,1460,1484]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="34" pageNumber="248" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF9BD677FE13DBF79F4F7EF8" box="[436,528,1460,1484]" pageId="34" pageNumber="248" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen is dorsoventrally deeper than the ungual I.2 of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC783ED6FF9BD677FE5BDB909F0A7EDF" box="[508,597,1491,1515]" pageId="34" pageNumber="248" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen. They are mediolateraly compressed and bevelled laterally. The lateral and medial surfaces are dorsoventrally convex, and, in unguals I.2 and II.3, there is a longitudinal groove on both sides, the lateral one deeper than the medial one. The lateral groove does not curve and intersects the dorsal edge of the ungual at the distal end. The proximal surface is concave, dorsally constricted, and laterally deflected (this deflection is not present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FF9BD677FDCFD8EC9C247DD2" authority=", Canudo et al. 2008" authorityName="Canudo" authorityYear="2008" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="34" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FF9BD677FDCFD8EC9DF57DD1" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="248">Tastavinsaurus sanzi,</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FF9BD677FF15D88E9C247DD2" author="Canudo" box="[178,379,1741,1766]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Canudo" pageId="34" pageNumber="248" pagination="712 - 31" refId="ref43133" refString="Canudo JI, Royo-Torres R, Cuenca-Bescos G. A new sauropod: Tastavinsaurus sanzi gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) of Spain. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2008; 28: 712 - 31." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Canudo
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FF9BD677FEAAD88D9C1F7DD1" box="[269,320,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="248">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The phalanx III.3 lacks lateral and medial grooves, and it is markedly shorter than the ungual of the digits I and II, corresponding to 33% of the metatarsal III length, an autapomorphy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FF9BD677FE30D9689FCB7C77" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[407,660,1835,1859]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="34" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FF9BD677FE30D9689FCB7C77" box="[407,660,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="248">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Near the proximal surface, there is a round tuberosity in the transition between the medial and ventral surfaces in the unguals I.2 and III.3. In the ungual I.2, there is another tuberosity in the distal half of the ventral edge, which appears in many titanosauriforms (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FF9BD677FC93DECC9EA67B9C" author="Canudo" box="[820,1017,143,168]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Canudo" pageId="34" pageNumber="248" pagination="712 - 31" refId="ref43133" refString="Canudo JI, Royo-Torres R, Cuenca-Bescos G. A new sauropod: Tastavinsaurus sanzi gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) of Spain. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2008; 28: 712 - 31." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Canudo
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FF9BD677FC29DED39EE07B93" box="[910,959,143,167]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="248">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FF9BD677FBA1DECC99887B9C" author="Mannion" box="[1030,1239,143,168]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="34" pageNumber="248" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref45965" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN et al. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal Titanosauriformes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FF9BD677FBCBDED399C27B93" box="[1132,1181,143,167]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="248">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6752FD85FF9BD677FB43DED3987C7B9C" author="Mannion" box="[1252,1315,144,168]" firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="34" pageNumber="248" pagination="191057" refId="ref46040" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Jin X et al. New information on the Cretaceous sauropod dinosaurs of Zhejiang Province, China: impact on Laurasian titanosauriform phylogeny and biogeography. Royal Society Open Science 2019 a; 6: 191057." type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b). The right phalanx IV.2 is rudimentary and oval (dorsoventrally compressed). The medial side is dorsoventrally constricted. The proximal surface is pierced by two foramina and the dorsal surface is transversely concave. The phalanx of the fifth toe is considered absent, also characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4C3FBF7FF9BD677FB3BDF6F98C77A70" authorityName="Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega" authorityYear="2024" box="[1180,1432,300,324]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Garumbatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="34" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B75C66FF9BD677FB3BDF6F98C77A70" box="[1180,1432,300,324]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="248">Garumbatitan morellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |