182 lines
27 KiB
XML
182 lines
27 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B902E492D7BD4A20174744A26AC92BA5">Apteronotus caudimaculosus n. sp. (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae), a sexually dimorphic black ghost knifefish from the Pantanal, Western Brazil, with a note on the monophyly of the A. albifrons species complex.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="29C36BF6CA4B3484817EE72A34850463">Carlos David de Santana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E5B5B984E721826A80BF1AA1047523F8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="FA624D7CB05120391C375D8C5EB09403">
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<mods:date id="AC0613A7EDEF8B1B51A20870DA6EBACC">2003</mods:date>
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<treatment id="8335D7E905D5B453B7BEA44AF2806D5D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6274472" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100125028" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6274472" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F7AAD7D6-F570-4108-86AF-AD911A74B7FF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8335D7E905D5B453B7BEA44AF2806D5D" lastPageNumber="5" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="C6D9043CED9D22849F1FE45580164DA7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D63883E304002B7E1C5C1752D28EB85D" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName id="63122CC9755B9CEEAEC5B8786AAB9561" ID-CoL="FYRH" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F7AAD7D6-F570-4108-86AF-AD911A74B7FF" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Apteronotus caudimaculosus de Santana 2003:2" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculosus">Apteronotus caudimaculosus</taxonomicName>
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-
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="1D182A4882B7DDF2441CB2DADA46F7D0" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B0C1EA06FD04A9B9F5375D5EC87677DE" type="description">
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<paragraph id="6A0529463E70EEE07F13A3B9946105FA" pageNumber="2">Figs 1 - 2; Table 1</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3BFA4BCB72EE8CA05940A57087AA103A" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2E5D653740D6E6B38AB953DAC98A1306" country="Brazil" pageNumber="2">
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<materialsCitation id="C72CB624DCF4AD0005FA7DCF3DD21E57" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923903433" country="Brazil" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">
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Holotype- MZUSP 79359, 286.8 mm TL,
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<collectingRegion id="9BBFF78946A7D9293635310B8D264204">Mato Grosso do Sul</collectingRegion>
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. AQUARAP Pantanal 19° 36.64’ S; 56°24.87’ W, Aquidauna, Rio Novo, Brejo de Santa Sofia; A. Machado & B. Chernoff, 3 September 1998.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="71F29DF222AD89069E1DD825838BEE07" country="Brazil" pageNumber="3">
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<materialsCitation id="E32D1EF15B586DBC8CBECAE26822B017" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923903455" country="Brazil" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">Paratypes- ANSP 178659 (1 specimen, 145.9 mm)</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="EE5C65EA148423B216623EFB2891B95D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923903458" country="Brazil" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">CAS 216788 (1, 127.6 mm)</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="E5E100A986A4080C16C8D518074A0A25" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923903447" country="Brazil" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">INHS 94260 (1, 137.5 mm)</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="D2B9FC0711B71C6485BD57E1EBECE049" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923903457" country="Brazil" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">GMNH 3435 (1, 149.2 mm)</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="1A326313242E1483558E32FF6379ADD2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923903452" country="Brazil" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">INPA 20066 (1, 100.1 mm)</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="9FE4AA666EFE7B3B1A4CC10D1CE3689D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923903459" country="Brazil" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">MCZ 161831 (1, 126.0 mm)</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="8A84D2F986DA03044C7B3D94D3333A35" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923903468" country="Brazil" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">MZUSP 59295 (22, 71.7-165.8 mm)</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="2C9F2D7F838E7B61C8176401565428F9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923903454" country="Brazil" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">MZUSP 59296 (4, 175.4-231.1 mm)</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="D23DE73E6E822405690C04ABA38D9386" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923903467" country="Brazil" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">UMMZ 240259 (1, 107.1 mm)</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="745DC977915956BEE60818D23E8D9763" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923903469" country="Brazil" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">USNM 371234 (1, 106.2 mm); Locality data as for holotype.</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="9365D447F5BCC1234AB41EA63C2EBBF1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923903487" country="Brazil">FMNH 108537 (2, 114.3-159.2 mm), Rio do Peixe on MS 080, 19° 23.15’ S; 54° 48.47’ W. 23 October 1998</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9CD6DC9303115429564CCA68E8E1965E" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="CFA6DCCEEBCDEB85046482AD1173FF1B" pageNumber="3">
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Diagnosis-
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<taxonomicName id="C49B1CE6D9065E5DA02F0D07D97A50F9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F7AAD7D6-F570-4108-86AF-AD911A74B7FF" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Apteronotus caudimaculosus de Santana 2003:2" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculosus">A. caudimaculosus</taxonomicName>
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is included in the Apteronotidae by the presence of a dorsal-thong and caudal fin (Mago-Leccia, 1994; Albert & Campos-da-Paz, 1998; Albert, 2001). The new species shares the following diagnostic features within the Apteronotinae (Albert & Campos-da-Paz, 1998; Albert, 2001): gape of mouth large, extending to the edge of the eyes; maxilla rhomboid in lateral view; anterior surface of mesethmoid concave and lateral process of ventral ethmoid robust. It was included in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="09794A9F019A448303E289A936D0CA61" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DC5E825F-03C8-4F47-80C6-350B61232BD1" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Apteronotus Lacépède 1800:208" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Apteronotus</taxonomicName>
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by the presence of three of the five synapomorphies proposed by Albert (2001): body surface deep brown or black with a white mid-dorsal stripe and white mental and caudal patches; elongated posterior limb of the anguloarticular; and surface of cranial bones solid, not pitted.
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<taxonomicName id="E57018BE2597C7E2EC510202B4DEE0AD" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F7AAD7D6-F570-4108-86AF-AD911A74B7FF" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Apteronotus caudimaculosus de Santana 2003:2" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculosus">A. caudimaculosus</taxonomicName>
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was included in
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<taxonomicName id="ABD7A5FFB3DF53C19E7CFBDA082B7BAF" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albifrons">A. albifrons</taxonomicName>
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species-group by the presence of a pale pigment patch on the caudal peduncle and a highly contrasting pale or white mid-dorsal stripe and mental patch. The new species can by recognized within the genus by the following derived characters: (1) two clear bands encircling the caudal peduncle (vs. one clear band encircling the base of caudal fin, except
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<taxonomicName id="7CD3DE9DD7E9E2CE5389537CEA936483" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albifrons">A. albifrons</taxonomicName>
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); (2) first caudal band with irregular dark spots throughout its development (vs. without spots in
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<taxonomicName id="B4DA8155C0AA24EFCC1725D5B1254097" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albifrons">A. albifrons</taxonomicName>
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). Furthermore, shorter tail length can be used to separate
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<taxonomicName id="8C21B0EFB1A2F5D0ABFED3A64C9AB208" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F7AAD7D6-F570-4108-86AF-AD911A74B7FF" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Apteronotus caudimaculosus de Santana 2003:2" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculosus">A. caudimaculosus</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="A6E83B4CAF0CDD3D7F7266B1A57D7635" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albifrons">A. albifrons</taxonomicName>
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, (10.4-19.2% vs. 22.3-23.1% of LEA).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="97B2FEF7D630923E8A85E1EE84EF9B9F" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9457183DB2DCB9F0C41045BF7B102806" pageNumber="3">Description- Morphometrics for holotype and paratypes are presented in Table 1. Body laterally compressed, with greatest body depth at abdominal cavity or a little posterior to this region. Dorsal profile straight. Lateral line extending to tail, absent in caudal fin. First perforated scale above pectoral fin origin.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DF02BEC423035B2D9D035131740FC7D3" lastPageNumber="4" pageNumber="3">Head laterally compressed, widest at opercular region and deepest at dorsal region; profile straight in males and slightly convex in females. Snout long in males, shorter in females and immature specimens. Eyes small, located laterally on head, completely covered by a thin membrane. Mesethmoid short and narrow, its anterior tip reduced, flexed ventrally, and concave. Lateral ethmoid present, ossified, small and slender, shaped as a tube. Premaxilla of moderate size, with two irregular rows of teeth. Maxilla crescentshaped, with an ossified anterodorsal head and anteroventral shelf, the ventral margin of its descending blade curved. Dentary longer than deep, bearing two rows of teeth. Anguloarticular elongated. Mouth large, terminal, rictus passing a vertical through posterior border of eyes in both sexes. Endopterygoid narrow, without teeth, with ascending process connecting to the orbitosphenoid, its base ossified, and the remaining portion unossified; anterior portion narrow, extending to the midlength of dentary. Metapterigoid triangular, the posterior portion as an ascending process. Sympletic shorter than hyomandibula and articulated with it by a cartilage. Four branchiostegal rays, first and second almost filamentous, the remaining large and laminar. Anterior naris at the end of a small tube, close to the tip of snout; posterior naris ellipsoid, without a tube, closer to the tip of the snout than to the eyes. Branchial opening anterior to pectoral fin origin; branchial membranes joined to isthmus. Anus and urogenital papilla adjacent, ventral, located in a ventral posterior to eyes, but with a noticeable forward displacement with age. Pectoral fin somewhat elongated, broad and pointed distally, with ii + 13-14 [13]. Origin of anal fin slightly anterior to opercular region, anal fin rays 146-154 [151], with the 11-16 anterior rays unbranched. Small cycloid scales covering the body, 11 to 14 above lateral line. Number of black perforated scales on the lateral line before the first white scale equal to 64-66 [66].</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A40FFCA99979BFEF75144937ECDB5FB8" pageNumber="4">Dorsal thong origin on posterior half of body, and inserted into a narrow middorsal groove, almost extending to, or slightly passing the end of the anal fin. Tail compressed and short, ending in a small and somewhat rounded caudal fin, with 18-22 rays [22].</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4DCEA823D0D9BD7DDDD24EEFF87999A8" pageNumber="4">Coloration in alcohol- Body, pectoral and anal fins black; caudal fin white on base and black posteriorly. Clear band from chin to the beginning of the dorsal thong. Two clear bands surrounding the caudal peduncle, the first with irregular dark spots during all stages of development.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8F2A48A53F8C9C570D240DEB86FEC5FC" pageNumber="5">
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Secondary sexual dimorphism (SSD)- Secondary sexual dimorphism is an important issue in understanding intraspecific variation and species identification among apteronotids(e.g., Cox-Fernandes, 1998; Cox-Fernandes et al., 2002). Historically, populations of
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<taxonomicName id="A637D08EDDF818ED2020CB7B9F2EA9F0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albifrons">A. albifrons</taxonomicName>
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were treated as sexually monomorphic. For example, Ellis (1913) presented a taxonomic key using traits such as, short and blunt snout to diagnose
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<taxonomicName id="979B54500FCA36110F501FFC7BBD1457" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albifrons">A. albifrons</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="63E62824C172DA317553E32EBD35519A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bonapartii">“A”. bonapartii (Castelnau, 1855)</taxonomicName>
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from the remaining
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<taxonomicName id="77C90D410AB5705C88EC14892182D7F6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DC5E825F-03C8-4F47-80C6-350B61232BD1" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Apteronotus Lacépède 1800:208" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Apteronotus</taxonomicName>
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species. Mago-Leccia (1994) recognized two groups of species according to snout length, including
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<taxonomicName id="D82D5793E76B05FDEB69C899721DC504" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albifrons">A. albifrons</taxonomicName>
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among the species with a short snout. Dunlap et al. (1998), in a study of sexual dimorphism in
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<taxonomicName id="CB3634FCD7609E672C78646099E0057F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albifrons">A. albifrons</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="FF267F127656B51C245CAFB6137D4050" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptorhynchus">A. leptorhynchus</taxonomicName>
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, observed that “…
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<taxonomicName id="7021C0655D3027DE858287B42194DDE2" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albifrons">A. albifrons</taxonomicName>
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shows relative little sexual dimorphism in both electrocommunication signals and morphology” and concluded that “…We found no obvious dimorphism in the body shape of
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<taxonomicName id="8DDB564DDD39018046823A1C8178C4B2" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albifrons">A. albifrons</taxonomicName>
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.” Based on my observation and previous studies (Cox-Fernandes, 1998; Cox-Fernandes et al., 2002), it is possible to verify that males of
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<taxonomicName id="6225D82F669CDE7EC582D2CB8989A42D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F7AAD7D6-F570-4108-86AF-AD911A74B7FF" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Apteronotus caudimaculosus de Santana 2003:2" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculosus">A. caudimaculosus</taxonomicName>
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show SSD in head morphology and probably in body size as well (see Table 1 and Figure 2): head profile straight in males and slightly convex in females; snout straight and long in matures males, slightly curved in females and immature males and females. Based on gonad inspection, only four of 15 adults were males. It is possible that the greatly elongated snout in mature males of
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<taxonomicName id="B9622D59AAEFE455C5F3E42DE440E6C6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F7AAD7D6-F570-4108-86AF-AD911A74B7FF" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Apteronotus caudimaculosus de Santana 2003:2" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculosus">A. caudimaculosus</taxonomicName>
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offers some biological advantages in courtship and agonistics encounters as already suggested by Cox-Fernandes et al. (2002) in related apteronotids.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8DDDFA4FCCF384A6A9C393B458D6A45D" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="37044EA82E6A851386E5F35052942DDE" pageNumber="5">
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Distribution and habitat-
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<taxonomicName id="1D86BC6EAD1B04EAFA42F0F417C30B2F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F7AAD7D6-F570-4108-86AF-AD911A74B7FF" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Apteronotus caudimaculosus de Santana 2003:2" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculosus">A. caudimaculosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from the Rio Novo in the Middle Rio Negro and from Rio do Peixe in the Upper Rio Negro, Paraguay River basin in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Pantanal wetland, western Brazil (Willink, et al., 2000: map 3: 118).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F55A41F95FF5798ED9126517E1458458" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="BEA0AF5C2554DAA5218F093D43CB0EF6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Following Strussmann et al. (2000), the type-locality showed the following characteristics: it is a small channel in a swamp, with turbid water, mud and sand at the bottom and moderate current. The borders of the channel are covered by thick aquatic vegetation extending across the rest of the marsh. The Middle Rio Negro swamp was characterized by abundant water hyacinths and other rooted and floating aquatic plants (Willink et al., 2000). The water characteristics in August and September of 1998 were: temperature23.2-23.5°C; pH 5.85-5.82; conductivity 53.8 -55.0 µS/cm; dissolved oxygen 7.67-7.93 mg/cm. The specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E7370499374770BCC195F7E9BB838ED" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F7AAD7D6-F570-4108-86AF-AD911A74B7FF" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Apteronotus caudimaculosus de Santana 2003:2" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculosus">A. caudimaculosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cited as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6092E3811BFB2B885DB2D41D6C9EE965" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albifrons">A. albifrons</taxonomicName>
|
||
) were captured among water hyacinths (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72F6A8C773ACF44F5CE3A214E5681103" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Eichornia" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageNumber="5" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">Eichornia</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.), which included also the following gymnotiforms:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EC498E508F4812330A0843B0FA21226A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF5AB16A-AD34-4F0A-AAD5-ABB9E7FF20A5" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sternopygidae" genus="Eigenmannia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Eigenmannia trilineata López & Castello 1966:8" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trilineata">Eigenmannia trilineata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CE4006C5C67E3CB3FBFD782EC465EC02" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sternopygidae" genus="Eigenmannia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="virescens">E. virescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74DC50B8EE1599BE822C27551B72ABFC" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Apteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bonapartii">“A”. bonapartii</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="238AB8AB7A2B7438ED04AC1E94DB77A3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:00BE91E1-BF32-4E53-B14C-011154E0B10B" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rhamphichthyidae" genus="Rhamphichthys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rhamphichthys Müller & Troschel 1849:640" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhamphichthys</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="612E9E94F99EEA511DD24F5A5EE94EEA" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:71161FC6-E04D-4A81-A298-4DDB7CB5F7E0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Hypopomidae" genus="Brachyhypopomus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Brachyhypopomus Mago-Leccia 1994:47" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brachyhypopomus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A40A27E77B9A0C93FEFEFB60A5907542" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F927E13-DF20-4313-BF35-89BA8B7DE1CE" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus Linnaeus 1758:246" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gymnotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (Willink et al., 2000). The following fish genera were caught in the same locality:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E90C722B04326B7C5AD71B6731BE8B3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9152EB49-E410-440D-8E4A-B85D3AD54F42" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Apistogramma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Apistogramma Regan 1913:282" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Apistogramma</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3E1401E1D5932B441DC48BCE3D681034" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F8DFAC7C-18AA-4CA9-ACC0-5AC9D8BFFFC1" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Crenicichla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Crenicichla Heckel 1840:416" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Crenicichla</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6C631E72C1497AEAA1524FB490DBFA53" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2D5E18F7-A978-4A06-8907-A1F0233A2D39" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cichlasoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cichlasoma Plesiops Swainson 1839:230" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cichlasoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="653DA1EE990980A63C5DE1D289E6C513" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F413E508-4416-4A69-A3AE-F404682B6C15" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Bujurquina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Bujurquina Kullander 1986:244" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bujurquina</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cichlidae);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10B8C7D7099DDBAA5E159CA80E3D0819" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E0BC8DAD-9CD9-4E32-920A-063D33AD0E80" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus Lacépède 1803:144" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hypostomus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="937D5C3C0E5610031865D797F6AE5A14" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BBF2B074-F3CF-4B98-AE21-BBC93DF8E554" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Loricariichthys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Loricariichthys Bleeker 1862:3" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Loricariichthys</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45F4A15C9996F70E8EF125A39A974A75" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0FBA6282-7C63-46BB-964D-66D45DB6133E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rineloricaria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rineloricaria Bleeker 1862:3" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rineloricaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="034F29CDAF7D68A4566D153E6E086859" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F67EBCDF-C072-49E3-99DF-AE3E2436805F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Farlowella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Farlowella Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Farlowella</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Loricariidae);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9173D031C3B7D615A565BA1FA3832FCD" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C0EB3AA1-9773-4B5F-8F68-FFA13EE8397A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Pimelodella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pimelodella Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1888:131" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pimelodella</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pimelodidae).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="22D535616B72CFE1775C8A0C0261F641" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="33286E25B472AF37035A55B862E12F4F" pageNumber="5">Etymology- Caudimaculosus, with spots on tail. From the Latin, caudi and maculosus meaning, tail and spots, respectively.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |