170 lines
19 KiB
XML
170 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="6BB133A17C530DE9CE8337F6A12E0F60" ID-CLB-Dataset="42404" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3872.5.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6fc961d2-9fd8-43b3-b10a-23ef5d9b3c20" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="226810" ID-ZooBank="073E1555-ACF1-40AE-9CE4-342D256B8AE8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460932671553" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Schockaert, Ernest R." docDate="2014" docId="4404B347FFD1F448FF32F065FA9834CD" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03872p590.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3872 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Macrostomum rubrocinctum Ax 1951" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="580" masterDocId="B83DCB3FFFD3F44BFFA5F742FFB53324" masterDocTitle="Marine Macrostomorpha (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from the Algarve (Southern Portugal)" masterLastPageNumber="590" masterPageNumber="577" pageNumber="579" updateTime="1698582449938" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="507F784CF972386378E236CC6A7B282D">Marine Macrostomorpha (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from the Algarve (Southern Portugal)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7A33542B898B68645064B2A438A01C5A">Schockaert, Ernest R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D8782E2DA33C2F4B8C0480C3B1C81EBA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="302910995154CE48A2C49B282675D2FB">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1399A6098A289216BF0C7EC7D8544E22">3872</mods:number>
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<treatment id="4404B347FFD1F448FF32F065FA9834CD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6136582" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119590367" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6136582" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4404B347FFD1F448FF32F065FA9834CD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4404B347FFD1F448FF32F065FA9834CD" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="580" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">
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<subSubSection id="84B751DAFFD1F448FF32F065FA9834CD" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="580" pageId="2" pageNumber="579" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CC120251FFD1F449FF32F065FD3B3466" blockId="2.[151,654,1831,1891]" box="[151,654,1831,1858]" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">
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<heading id="975AB53DFFD1F449FF32F065FD3B3466" bold="true" box="[151,654,1831,1858]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="579" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="0BAD79D2FFD1F449FF32F065FD3B3466" ID-CoL="3XB93" authority="Ax, 1951" authorityName="Ax" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,654,1831,1858]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="2" pageNumber="579" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rubrocinctum">
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<emphasis id="FED9DE43FFD1F449FF32F065FD3B3466" bold="true" box="[151,654,1831,1858]" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">
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<emphasis id="FED9DE43FFD1F449FF32F065FEF23465" bold="true" box="[151,327,1831,1857]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">Macrostomum</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="FED9DE43FFD1F449FED6F065FDAF3465" bold="true" box="[371,538,1831,1857]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">rubrocinctum</emphasis>
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Ax, 1951
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CC120251FFD1F449FF32F008FF5E3447" blockId="2.[151,654,1831,1891]" box="[151,235,1866,1891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">
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<figureCitation id="54961ED4FFD1F449FF32F008FF613447" box="[151,212,1866,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1158,1180]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Copulatory stylet of the species of Macrostomum. The dashed lines indicate the contours of the prostatic gland necks. Lines a, b and c show various ways the stylet can be measured. A. Macrostomum species 1. — B. Macrostomum species 2. — C. Macrostomum cf. rubrocinctum. (Scale = 20 µm)." pageId="2" pageNumber="579">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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C
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CC120251FFD1F449FF32F0D0FE3F34D7" blockId="2.[151,1437,1938,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">
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<emphasis id="FED9DE43FFD1F449FF32F0D0FE78348F" bold="true" box="[151,461,1938,1963]" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">Localities in the Algarve.</emphasis>
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Faro (
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<collectingCountry id="B4BA42C1FFD1F449FD85F0D0FD32348F" box="[544,647,1938,1963]" name="Portugal" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">Portugal</collectingCountry>
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), Ria
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<collectingCountry id="B4BA42C1FFD1F449FD77F0D1FC8C348E" box="[722,825,1939,1962]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="579">Formosa</collectingCountry>
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, at the entrance of the so-called Garganta channel. Higher littoral, in the outlet of a tidal pool with very coarse shell debris, mixed with coarse sand, detritus and silt (
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<date id="B8132491FFD1F449FF05F099FECB34D7" box="[160,382,2010,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="579" value="2011-09-13">13 September 2011</date>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CC120251FFD0F448FEBEF68FFD7A363D" blockId="3.[283,944,461,487]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,1280,2025]" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">
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<emphasis id="FED9DE43FFD0F448FEBEF68FFC0532C3" bold="true" box="[283,944,461,487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">A B c</emphasis>
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b D Α ⊂
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<emphasis id="FED9DE43FFD0F448FF62F242FE83363D" bold="true" box="[199,310,1280,1305]" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">Material.</emphasis>
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One whole mount (HU nr. VI.3.19).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="98D252D9FFD0F448FF32F3C4FD7237FD" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">
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<paragraph id="CC120251FFD0F448FF32F3C4FD7237FD" blockId="3.[151,1437,1158,1241]" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">
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<emphasis id="FED9DE43FFD0F448FF32F3C4FEA737BF" bold="true" box="[151,274,1158,1180]" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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Copulatory stylet of the species of
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<taxonomicName id="0BAD79D2FFD0F448FDCAF3C5FD4837B8" box="[623,765,1159,1180]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FED9DE43FFD0F448FDCAF3C5FD4837B8" box="[623,765,1159,1180]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">Macrostomum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The dashed lines indicate the contours of the prostatic gland necks. Lines a, b and c show various ways the stylet can be measured. A.
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<taxonomicName id="0BAD79D2FFD0F448FCCEF3E7FC4C379E" box="[875,1017,1189,1210]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FED9DE43FFD0F448FCCEF3E7FC4C379E" box="[875,1017,1189,1210]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">Macrostomum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species 1.—B.
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<taxonomicName id="0BAD79D2FFD0F448FB3BF3E7FA99379E" box="[1182,1324,1189,1210]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FED9DE43FFD0F448FB3BF3E7FA99379E" box="[1182,1324,1189,1210]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">Macrostomum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species 2. —C.
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<taxonomicName id="0BAD79D2FFD0F448FF68F386FDBB37FD" box="[205,526,1219,1241]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rubrocinctum">
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<emphasis id="FED9DE43FFD0F448FF68F386FEEB37FD" box="[205,350,1220,1241]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">Macrostomum</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="FED9DE43FFD0F448FE20F381FDBB37FD" box="[389,526,1219,1241]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">rubrocinctum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. (Scale = 20 µm).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="CC120251FFD0F448FF62F266FDF436A1" blockId="3.[151,1436,1280,2025]" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">The stylet of this species is 73 µm long (or 65 µm measured along line b), the proximal opening 35 µm wide, the stylet tapering to 5 µm width at some 55 µm, where it bends over 90° to the distal end. The terminal opening is at the convex side, about 10 µm wide.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CC120251FFD0F448FF62F2D2FEDC3581" blockId="3.[151,1436,1280,2025]" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">
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The shape and size of the stylet correspond with those in M.
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<taxonomicName id="0BAD79D2FFD0F448FCD3F2D3FBB8368D" box="[886,1037,1425,1449]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rubrocinctum">
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<emphasis id="FED9DE43FFD0F448FCD3F2D3FBB8368D" box="[886,1037,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">rubrocinctum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(50–75 µm in
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<bibRefCitation id="A83C7FA0FFD0F448FB10F2D3FAA9368D" author="Ax" box="[1205,1308,1425,1449]" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" refString="Ax, P. (2008) Plathelminthes aus Brackgewassern der Nordhalbkugel. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Abh. Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse (2008), 1, 696 pp." type="book" year="2008">Ax 2008</bibRefCitation>
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). However, since no data is available on the living animal, and the pigmentation of the head, which is characteristic for this species, is not seen in the whole mount with certainty, I hesitate to assert that this species indeed belongs to
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<taxonomicName id="0BAD79D2FFD0F448FF32F2BFFEE63531" box="[151,339,1533,1557]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rubrocinctum">
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<emphasis id="FED9DE43FFD0F448FF32F2BFFEE63531" box="[151,339,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">M. rubrocinctum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The shape of the stylet is also very similar to that of
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<taxonomicName id="0BAD79D2FFD0F448FC11F2BFFEDC351D" authority="Faubel" authorityName="Faubel" authorityYear="2005" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sublitorale" subGenus="Archimacrostomum">
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<emphasis id="FED9DE43FFD0F448FC11F2BFFAFC3531" box="[948,1353,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">M. (Archimacrostomum) sublitorale</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A83C7FA0FFD0F448FAF5F2BEFEDC351D" author="Faubel" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" refString="Faubel, A. & Warwick, R. M. (2005) The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes (' Turbellaria'). Journal of Natural History, 39, 1 - 45. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930310001613593" type="journal article" year="2005">Faubel & Warwick, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but the measurements do not correspond: those authors give a stylet length of 105 µm (to compare with the length along line b), much longer than the stylet in the Algarve specimen. As thoroughly discussed by Papi (1959) the genera
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<taxonomicName id="0BAD79D2FFD0F448FD95F12BFCBE35A5" box="[560,779,1641,1665]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Archimacrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FED9DE43FFD0F448FD95F12BFCBE35A5" box="[560,779,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">Archimacrostomum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="FED9DE43FFD0F448FCE5F12BFBA835A5" box="[832,1053,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">
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<taxonomicName id="0BAD79D2FFD0F448FCE5F12BFBAC35A5" box="[832,1049,1641,1665]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Inframacrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Inframacrostomum</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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as proposed by Ferguson in 1954, are not acceptable.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CC120251FFD0F448FF62F1F2FA9834CD" blockId="3.[151,1436,1280,2025]" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">
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The three species found in the Ria
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<collectingCountry id="B4BA42C1FFD0F448FDF4F1F3FD0635EC" box="[593,691,1713,1736]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">Formosa</collectingCountry>
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belong to the group of species with a hook-shaped stylet.
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<bibRefCitation id="A83C7FA0FFD0F448FAE2F1F2FE9735C9" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" refString="Scharer, L., Littlewood, D. T. J., Waeschenbach, A., Yoshidac, W. & Vizosoa, D. B. (2011) Mating behavior and the evolution of sperm design. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, 108 (4), 1490 - 1495. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 1013892108" type="journal article">
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Schärer
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<emphasis id="FED9DE43FFD0F448FF32F197FF6535C9" box="[151,208,1749,1773]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">et al.</emphasis>
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(2011)
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</bibRefCitation>
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mapped a number of reproductive traits on the molecular phylogeny of 16 species of
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<taxonomicName id="0BAD79D2FFD0F448FB51F197FA2035C8" box="[1268,1429,1749,1772]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FED9DE43FFD0F448FB51F197FA2035C8" box="[1268,1429,1749,1772]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">Macrostomum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, five of which have such a hook-shaped stylet. It appears that two species with an nearly identical stylet are not closely related to each other:
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<taxonomicName id="0BAD79D2FFD0F448FE54F05FFC1F3411" authority="Rieger, 1977" authorityName="Rieger" authorityYear="1977" box="[497,938,1820,1845]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subSpecies" species="hystricinum" subSpecies="marinum">
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<emphasis id="FED9DE43FFD0F448FE54F05FFCB83410" box="[497,781,1821,1845]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">M. hystricinum marinum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A83C7FA0FFD0F448FCB2F05EFC1F3411" author="Rieger" box="[791,938,1820,1845]" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" refString="Rieger, R. M. (1977) The relationship of Character Variability and Morphological Complexity in Copulatory Structures of Turbellaria-Macrostomida and Haplopharyngida. Mikrofuana des Meeresboden, 61, 197 - 216." type="journal article" year="1977">Rieger, 1977</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the open beach with high salinity of Grado near Venice (
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<collectingCountry id="B4BA42C1FFD0F448FED2F002FE18347D" box="[375,429,1856,1881]" name="Italy" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">Italy</collectingCountry>
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) and
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<taxonomicName id="0BAD79D2FFD0F448FE49F003FC61347D" authority="Orsted, 1843 sensu Luther, 1905" authorityName="Orsted, 1843 sensu Luther" authorityYear="1905" box="[492,980,1856,1881]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hystrix">
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<emphasis id="FED9DE43FFD0F448FE49F003FDEB347D" box="[492,606,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">M. hystrix</emphasis>
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Ørsted, 1843
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<emphasis id="FED9DE43FFD0F448FD5BF003FC89347C" box="[766,828,1857,1880]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">sensu</emphasis>
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Luther, 1905
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</taxonomicName>
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from an irrigation channel with low and variable salinity in the same area. The authors consider it very difficult—if not impossible—to identify some of these species based on stylet morphology alone. Since insufficient data on the living animals, and no molecular data are available, I do not want to add to the already existing taxonomic confusion in this group of species by naming the species from the Ria
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<collectingCountry id="B4BA42C1FFD0F448FDA2F093FDDC34CC" box="[519,617,2001,2024]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">Formosa</collectingCountry>
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(see
|
||
<emphasis id="FED9DE43FFD0F448FD01F093FD7334CC" box="[676,710,2001,2024]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">e.g</emphasis>
|
||
. the discussion by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A83C7FA0FFD0F448FC39F092FB3434CD" box="[924,1153,2000,2025]" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" refString="Scharer, L., Littlewood, D. T. J., Waeschenbach, A., Yoshidac, W. & Vizosoa, D. B. (2011) Mating behavior and the evolution of sperm design. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, 108 (4), 1490 - 1495. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 1013892108" type="journal article">
|
||
Schärer
|
||
<emphasis id="FED9DE43FFD0F448FC5DF093FB9D34CD" box="[1016,1064,2001,2025]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BAD79D2FFD0F448FB0EF093FAA934CD" box="[1195,1308,2001,2025]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="3" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hystrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="FED9DE43FFD0F448FB0EF093FAA934CD" box="[1195,1308,2001,2025]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="580">M. hystrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |