446 lines
55 KiB
XML
446 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="DC6F951F030A09F81F3B6D98908150A9" ID-CLB-Dataset="24883" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4697.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2a01bfb5-6e33-42b5-ab5d-4f8512c9128f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3542832" ID-ZooBank="AF79BEA3-3CC8-49CA-9707-A8D5B4DAACD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1573811550811" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Brook, Fred J. & Ablett, Jonathan D." docDate="2019" docId="437587C2FFF26536FF02EBD7D1381771" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4697.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4697 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Helix pilula Reeve 1852" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="BF4CFFBAFFC46501FF95E85FD42A1466" masterDocTitle="Type material of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) described from New Zealand by taxonomists in Europe and North America between 1830 and 1934, and the history of research on the New Zealand land snail fauna from 1824 to 1917" masterLastPageNumber="117" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1698766724431" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="21ED6DA5B9597418E14D89B1224D1052">Type material of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) described from New Zealand by taxonomists in Europe and North America between 1830 and 1934, and the history of research on the New Zealand land snail fauna from 1824 to 1917</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D27ABBB680A850B74C2E1D6DB27EB60A">Brook, Fred J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B435FD6BE8B2942910A235EF072D6608">Ablett, Jonathan D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9E73B228310CB9A6F539562A363E4AFC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7506BBF00E98AA30A42C0B4119B3E015">
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<mods:date id="DBB81B07E6AC878D9D76072589342CA1">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="0899D237FDBA961245384C64B0761347" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4697.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="437587C2FFF26536FF02EBD7D1381771" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160406443" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:437587C2FFF26536FF02EBD7D1381771" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/437587C2FFF26536FF02EBD7D1381771" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<subSubSection id="83C6655FFFF26537FF02EBD7D5F417A1" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CB6336D4FFF26537FF02EBD7D5E917C4" blockId="54.[151,478,904,967]" box="[151,451,904,931]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<heading id="902B81B8FFF26537FF02EBD7D5E917C4" bold="true" box="[151,451,904,931]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF26537FF02EBD7D5E917C4" ID-CoL="7PCM4" authority="Reeve, 1852" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1852" box="[151,451,904,931]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pilula">
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<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FF02EBD7D5E917C4" bold="true" box="[151,451,904,931]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FF02EBD7D50D17C5" bold="true" box="[151,295,904,931]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Helix pilula</emphasis>
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Reeve, 1852
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CB6336D4FFF26537FF02EBF3D5F417A1" blockId="54.[151,478,904,967]" box="[151,478,940,967]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Pl. 6, fig. B; Pl. 14, figs. E, F</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="83C6655FFFF26537FF02EBAED7E4106E" box="[151,974,1008,1033]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="description">
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<paragraph id="CB6336D4FFF26537FF02EBAED7E4106E" blockId="54.[151,974,1008,1033]" box="[151,974,1008,1033]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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Reeve, (
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<date id="BF621014FFF26537FF7FEBAFD575106F" box="[234,351,1008,1033]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1851" valueMax="1854">1851–1854</date>
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) 1852. Conchologia iconica, 7: species 809, pl. 132, fig. 809.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="83C6655FFFF26537FF02EC68D079114F" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="CB6336D4FFF26537FF02EC68D7DC10FF" blockId="54.[151,1437,1078,2042]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FF02EC68D5601037" bold="true" box="[151,330,1078,1105]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Type material:</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="14678876FFF26537FEC1EC68D59A1037" box="[340,432,1079,1105]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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(1),
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<collectionCode id="ADCDAE11FFF26537FE7FEC68D67E1037" box="[490,596,1079,1105]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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20140673 (dry shell material); ex Museum Cuming (Acc. no. 1829). As noted by
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<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF26537FF6AEC04D5C91013" author="Cumber, R. A." box="[255,483,1115,1141]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="163 - 196" refId="ref91650" refString="Cumber, R. A. (1961) A revision of the genus Phenacohelix Suter, 1892 (Mollusca: Flammulinidae) with a description of a new species, nd studies on variation, distribution, and ecology. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Zoology, 1, 163 - 196." type="journal article" year="1961">Cumber (1961: 179)</bibRefCitation>
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and illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF26537FD26EC04D7581013" author="Goulstone, J. F." box="[691,882,1115,1141]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="39 - 82" refId="ref94716" refString="Goulstone, J. F. (2001) A revision of the genus Phenacohelix Suter, 1892 (Mollusca: Pulmonata) with descriptions of four new species and reassignment of Thalassohelix ziczag (Gould, 1846). Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 38, 39 - 82." type="journal article" year="2001">Goulstone (2001</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 8A), this specimen has been badly damaged, with the base largely missing, and the upper surface of the last whorl broken.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CB6336D4FFF26537FF52ECFCD63010DB" blockId="54.[151,1437,1078,2042]" box="[199,538,1186,1213]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FF52ECFCD54010DB" bold="true" box="[199,362,1186,1213]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Label details:</emphasis>
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‘New Zealand’
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CB6336D4FFF26537FF52EC98D0281087" blockId="54.[151,1437,1078,2042]" box="[199,1026,1222,1249]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FF52EC98D5431087" bold="true" box="[199,361,1222,1249]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<typeStatus id="14678876FFF26537FF52EC98D5281087" box="[199,258,1223,1249]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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</emphasis>
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‘New Zealand’ (Reeve 1852 [in
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<date id="BF621014FFF26537FD4CEC99D7741087" box="[729,862,1222,1249]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1851" valueMax="1854">1851–1854</date>
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]: species 809).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CB6336D4FFF26537FF52ECB5D079114F" blockId="54.[151,1437,1078,2042]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FF52ECB5D6B21163" bold="true" box="[199,664,1258,1285]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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Previous illustrations of
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<typeStatus id="14678876FFF26537FE7BECB4D60B1163" box="[494,545,1259,1285]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
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material:
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</emphasis>
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Reeve (1852 [in
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<date id="BF621014FFF26537FCF5ECB5D7CF1163" box="[864,997,1258,1285]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1851" valueMax="1854">1851–1854</date>
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||
]: pl. 132, fig. 809);
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<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF26537FB52ECB4D17E1163" author="Tryon, G. W." box="[1223,1364,1259,1285]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref107546" refString="Tryon, G. W. (1886) Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the speciesn Series 2. Pulmonata. Vol. 2. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 265 pp." type="book" year="1886">Tryon (1886</bibRefCitation>
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[from Reeve 1852]: pl. 62, fig. 43);
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<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF26537FE76ED50D685114F" author="Suter, H." box="[483,687,1295,1321]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="284 - 285" refId="ref106296" refString="Suter, H. (1897 c) Notes on some New Zealand Flammulina, with the description of F. ponsonbyi n. sp. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 2, 284 - 285. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / oxfordjournals. mollus. a 064681" type="journal article" year="1897">Suter (1897c: 284</bibRefCitation>
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, text fig.);
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<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF26537FCBCED50D7C3114F" author="Goulstone, J. F." box="[809,1001,1295,1321]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="39 - 82" refId="ref94716" refString="Goulstone, J. F. (2001) A revision of the genus Phenacohelix Suter, 1892 (Mollusca: Pulmonata) with descriptions of four new species and reassignment of Thalassohelix ziczag (Gould, 1846). Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 38, 39 - 82." type="journal article" year="2001">Goulstone (2001</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 8A).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="83C6655FFFF26536FF52ED6CD1531695" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="CB6336D4FFF26536FF52ED6CD01A1579" blockId="54.[151,1437,1078,2042]" lastBlockId="55.[151,1436,153,791]" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FF52ED6CD517112B" bold="true" box="[199,317,1331,1357]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Remarks:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF26537FED3ED6CD649112B" authority="Reeve, 1852" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1852" box="[326,611,1330,1357]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pilula">
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<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FED3ED6CD5E6112B" box="[326,460,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Helix pilula</emphasis>
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Reeve, 1852
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF26537FD09ED6BD7BA112B" authority="Pfeiffer, 1853" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1853" box="[668,912,1330,1357]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="iota">
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<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FD09ED6BD69A112B" box="[668,688,1332,1357]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">H</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FD55ED6BD6C6112B" box="[704,748,1332,1357]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">iota</emphasis>
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Pfeiffer, 1853
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</taxonomicName>
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are based on the same
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<typeStatus id="14678876FFF26537FB08ED6CD0E7112B" box="[1181,1229,1331,1357]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
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material; whether this originally comprised one or more specimens is not known. Pfeiffer evidently intended to publish the first description of this species in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London issue for 1851 (see Reeve 1852 [in
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<date id="BF621014FFF26537FF02EDC1D53611DF" box="[151,284,1438,1465]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1851" valueMax="1854">1851–1854</date>
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||
]: species 809;
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<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF26537FE28EDC0D6A111DC" author="Pfeiffer, L." box="[445,651,1438,1466]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref101405" refString="Pfeiffer, L. (1853 a) Monographia heliceorum viventium. Sistens descriptiones systematicas et criticas omnium huius familiae generum et specierum hodie cognitarum. Vol. 3. Brockhaus, Lipsiae, 711 pp." type="book" year="1853">Pfeiffer 1853a: 69</bibRefCitation>
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), but publication was delayed until 1854 (
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<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF26537FBCBEDC0D10711DF" author="Pfeiffer, L." box="[1118,1325,1438,1465]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="56 - 70" refId="ref101600" refString="Pfeiffer, L. (1854 a) Descriptions of sixty-six new land shells, from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 20, (1852), 56 - 70." type="journal article" year="1854">Pfeiffer 1854a: 57</bibRefCitation>
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||
), and was pre-empted by Reeve (1852 [in
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||
<date id="BF621014FFF26537FE62ED9DD65611BB" box="[503,636,1474,1501]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1851" valueMax="1854">1851–1854</date>
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||
]). There has been confusion over the identity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF26537FB1AED9CD13811BB" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1852" box="[1167,1298,1475,1501]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pilula">
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||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FB1AED9CD13811BB" box="[1167,1298,1475,1501]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Helix pilula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. Synoymies of
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<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF26537FF2DEDB8D5A21267" author="Suter, H." box="[184,392,1511,1537]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="284 - 285" refId="ref106296" refString="Suter, H. (1897 c) Notes on some New Zealand Flammulina, with the description of F. ponsonbyi n. sp. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 2, 284 - 285. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / oxfordjournals. mollus. a 064681" type="journal article" year="1897">Suter (1897c: 284</bibRefCitation>
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, 285; 1913b: 666, 667) suggest that this species was in part misidentified as
|
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<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF26537FA91EDB8D54A1240" authority="(Pfeiffer)" authorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" class="Gastropoda" family="Charopidae" genus="Phenacohelix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="granum">
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||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FA91EDB8D4C41243" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Phenacohelix granum</emphasis>
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(Pfeiffer)
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</taxonomicName>
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||
by
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<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF26537FE04EE54D6F61240" author="Hedley, C. & Suter, H." box="[401,732,1547,1574]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="613 - 665" refId="ref96063" refString="Hedley, C. & Suter, H. (1893) Reference list of the land and freshwater Mollusca of New Zealand. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, Series 2, 7, 613 - 665." type="journal article" year="1893">Hedley & Suter (1893: 641)</bibRefCitation>
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, and that
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<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF26537FCC7EE54D1B61243" authority="Suter, 1897" authorityName="Suter" authorityYear="1897" box="[850,1436,1547,1573]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Physalacriaceae" genus="Flammulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agaricales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ponsonbyi" subGenus="Phenacohelix">
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||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FCC7EE54D7F11243" box="[850,987,1547,1573]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Flammulina</emphasis>
|
||
(
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||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FC7AEE54D0AD1243" box="[1007,1159,1547,1573]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Phenacohelix</emphasis>
|
||
)
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<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FB0EEE54D1241243" box="[1179,1294,1547,1573]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">ponsonbyi</emphasis>
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Suter, 1897
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</taxonomicName>
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was misidentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF26537FE16EE70D5EE122F" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1852" box="[387,452,1583,1609]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pilula">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FE16EE70D5EE122F" box="[387,452,1583,1609]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">pilula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF26537FE7BEE70D6E6122F" author="Hutton, F. W." box="[494,716,1583,1609]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="161 - 186" refId="ref96688" refString="Hutton, F. W. (1884 a) Notes on some New Zealand land shells, with descriptions of new species. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 16, 161 - 186." type="journal article" year="1884">Hutton (1884a: 161</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF26537FD4DEE70D773122F" author="Hutton, F. W." box="[728,857,1583,1609]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="186 - 212" refId="ref96727" refString="Hutton, F. W. (1884 b) Revision of the land Mollusca of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 16, 186 - 212." type="journal article" year="1884">1884b: 194</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF26537FCFBEE70D082122C" author="Hedley, C. & Suter, H." box="[878,1192,1583,1610]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="613 - 665" refId="ref96063" refString="Hedley, C. & Suter, H. (1893) Reference list of the land and freshwater Mollusca of New Zealand. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, Series 2, 7, 613 - 665." type="journal article" year="1893">Hedley & Suter (1893: 641)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Pilsbry (1893 [in
|
||
<date id="BF621014FFF26537FF02EE0DD536120B" box="[151,284,1618,1645]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1893" valueMax="1895">1893–1895</date>
|
||
]: 16). However, two of the locality records for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF26537FCA4EE0CD758120B" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1852" box="[817,882,1619,1645]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pilula">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FCA4EE0CD758120B" box="[817,882,1619,1645]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">pilula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that were listed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF26537FBC6EE0CD117120B" author="Hutton, F. W." box="[1107,1341,1619,1645]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="186 - 212" refId="ref96727" refString="Hutton, F. W. (1884 b) Revision of the land Mollusca of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 16, 186 - 212." type="journal article" year="1884">Hutton (1884b: 194)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, namely Napier and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0918F836FFF26537FE82EE28D5BC12F7" box="[279,406,1655,1681]" country="New Zealand" name="Wellington" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Wellington</collectingRegion>
|
||
, lie outside the distribution area of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF26537FC8DEE28D7A112F7" authorityName="Suter" authorityYear="1897" box="[792,907,1655,1681]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Physalacriaceae" genus="Flammulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agaricales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ponsonbyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FC8DEE28D7A112F7" box="[792,907,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">ponsonbyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF26537FC51EE28D0BF12F7" author="Cumber, R. A." box="[964,1173,1655,1681]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="163 - 196" refId="ref91650" refString="Cumber, R. A. (1961) A revision of the genus Phenacohelix Suter, 1892 (Mollusca: Flammulinidae) with a description of a new species, nd studies on variation, distribution, and ecology. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Zoology, 1, 163 - 196." type="journal article" year="1961">Cumber 1961: 167</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs. 50, 58;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF26537FABCEE28D4F912D3" author="Goulstone, J. F." pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="39 - 82" refId="ref94716" refString="Goulstone, J. F. (2001) A revision of the genus Phenacohelix Suter, 1892 (Mollusca: Pulmonata) with descriptions of four new species and reassignment of Thalassohelix ziczag (Gould, 1846). Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 38, 39 - 82." type="journal article" year="2001">Goulstone 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 12), indicating that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF26537FE7BEEC4D60512D3" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1852" box="[494,559,1691,1717]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pilula">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FE7BEEC4D60512D3" box="[494,559,1691,1717]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">pilula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of Hutton corresponded to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF26537FCFEEEC4D7F412D3" authorityName="Suter" authorityYear="1897" box="[875,990,1691,1717]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Physalacriaceae" genus="Flammulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agaricales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ponsonbyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FCFEEEC4D7F412D3" box="[875,990,1691,1717]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">ponsonbyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in part only. More importantly, Suter’s assertion that Pilsbry misidentified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF26537FDB9EEE0D6B512BF" authorityName="Suter" authorityYear="1897" box="[556,671,1727,1753]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Physalacriaceae" genus="Flammulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agaricales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ponsonbyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FDB9EEE0D6B512BF" box="[556,671,1727,1753]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">ponsonbyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF26537FD5CEEE0D72012BF" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1852" box="[713,778,1727,1753]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pilula">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FD5CEEE0D72012BF" box="[713,778,1727,1753]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">pilula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not stand scrutiny. The shell of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF26537FB28EEE0D0D412BF" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1852" box="[1213,1278,1727,1753]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pilula">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FB28EEE0D0D412BF" box="[1213,1278,1727,1753]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">pilula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
illustrated by Pilsbry (1893 [in
|
||
<date id="BF621014FFF26537FECAEEBDD5C9129B" box="[351,483,1762,1789]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1893" valueMax="1895">1893–1895</date>
|
||
]: 16, pl. 3, fig. 13) closely matches the ‘
|
||
<typeStatus id="14678876FFF26537FC32EEBCD7F6129B" box="[935,988,1763,1789]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen’ of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF26537FBE9EEBCD097129B" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1852" box="[1148,1213,1763,1789]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pilula">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FBE9EEBCD097129B" box="[1148,1213,1763,1789]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">pilula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF26537FAF4EEBCD4C41347" author="Suter, H." pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="284 - 285" refId="ref106296" refString="Suter, H. (1897 c) Notes on some New Zealand Flammulina, with the description of F. ponsonbyi n. sp. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 2, 284 - 285. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / oxfordjournals. mollus. a 064681" type="journal article" year="1897">Suter (1897c)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and is clearly not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF26537FE51EF58D61D1347" authorityName="Suter" authorityYear="1897" box="[452,567,1799,1825]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Physalacriaceae" genus="Flammulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agaricales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ponsonbyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FE51EF58D61D1347" box="[452,567,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">ponsonbyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This has implications for the status of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF26537FBE6EF58D1B21347" authority="Suter, 1892" authorityName="Suter" authorityYear="1892" box="[1139,1432,1799,1825]" class="Gastropoda" family="Charopidae" genus="Phenacohelix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FBE6EF58D1211347" box="[1139,1291,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Phenacohelix</emphasis>
|
||
Suter, 1892
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was listed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF26537FEE8EF74D6651323" author="Suter, H." box="[381,591,1835,1861]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="270 - 278" refId="ref105625" refString="Suter, H. (1892 a) Contributions to the Molluscan fauna of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 24, 270 - 278." type="journal article" year="1892">Suter (1892a: 270)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF26537FD70EF74D7911323" authority="Reeve" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1852" box="[741,955,1835,1861]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pilula">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FD70EF74D7401323" box="[741,874,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Helix pilula</emphasis>
|
||
Reeve
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF26537FC53EF73D0B41323" authority="Pfeiffer" authorityName="Pfeiffer" box="[966,1182,1835,1861]" class="Gastropoda" family="Charopidae" genus="Phenacohelix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="granum">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FC53EF73D7F01323" box="[966,986,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FC7DEF73D0151323" box="[1000,1087,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">granum</emphasis>
|
||
Pfeiffer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF26537FB4DEF73D4EB130F" authority="Pfeiffer" authorityName="Pfeiffer. The" authorityYear="1861" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chordata">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FB4DEF73D0C61323" box="[1240,1260,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FB6EEF74D1751323" box="[1275,1375,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">chordata</emphasis>
|
||
Pfeiffer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FF58EF0FD521130F" box="[205,267,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF26537FE86EF10D5D4130F" author="Hutton, F. W." box="[275,510,1871,1897]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="186 - 212" refId="ref96727" refString="Hutton, F. W. (1884 b) Revision of the land Mollusca of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 16, 186 - 212." type="journal article" year="1884">Hutton (1884b: 194)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF26537FD9CEF10D6A4130F" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1852" box="[521,654,1871,1897]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pilula">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FD9CEF10D6A4130F" box="[521,654,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Helix pilula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was subsequently designated validly as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="14678876FFF26537FB14EF10D09B130F" box="[1153,1201,1871,1897]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF26537FAA4EF10D4E713EB" authorityName="Suter" authorityYear="1892" class="Gastropoda" family="Charopidae" genus="Phenacohelix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FAA4EF10D4E713EB" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Phenacohelix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF26537FF62EF2CD5F813EB" author="Pilsbry, H. A." box="[247,466,1906,1933]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="54 - 57" refId="ref102400" refString="Pilsbry, H. A. (1892 a) Observations on the helices of New Zealand. The Nautilus, 6, 54 - 57." type="journal article" year="1892">Pilsbry (1892a: 56)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF26537FDC5EF2CD70913E8" author="Suter, H." box="[592,803,1907,1934]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref107114" refString="Suter, H. (1913 b) Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. MacKay, Government Printer, Wellington, 1120 pp." type="book" year="1913">Suter (1913b: 663)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
later incorrectly cited
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF26537FBB5EF2BD08413EB" authorityName="Suter" authorityYear="1897" box="[1056,1198,1907,1933]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Physalacriaceae" genus="Flammulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agaricales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ponsonbyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FBB5EF2BD08413EB" box="[1056,1198,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">P. ponsonbyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="14678876FFF26537FB69EF2CD10513EB" box="[1276,1327,1907,1933]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, based on his erroneous interpretation that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF26537FD95EFC8D66B13D7" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1852" box="[512,577,1943,1969]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pilula">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FD95EFC8D66B13D7" box="[512,577,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">pilula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of previous authors corresponded to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF26537FC48EFC8D07A13D7" authorityName="Suter" authorityYear="1897" box="[989,1104,1943,1969]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Physalacriaceae" genus="Flammulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agaricales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ponsonbyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FC48EFC8D07A13D7" box="[989,1104,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">ponsonbyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Ironically, Suter himself was somewhat confued as to the identity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF26537FDCDEFE4D6E113B3" authorityName="Suter" authorityYear="1897" box="[600,715,1979,2005]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Physalacriaceae" genus="Flammulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agaricales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ponsonbyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FDCDEFE4D6E113B3" box="[600,715,1979,2005]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">ponsonbyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="14678876FFF26537FCABEFE4D74413B3" box="[830,878,1979,2005]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material comprising a mixture of two species, as noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF26537FF68EF80D5C8139C" author="Cumber, R. A." box="[253,482,2015,2042]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="163 - 196" refId="ref91650" refString="Cumber, R. A. (1961) A revision of the genus Phenacohelix Suter, 1892 (Mollusca: Flammulinidae) with a description of a new species, nd studies on variation, distribution, and ecology. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Zoology, 1, 163 - 196." type="journal article" year="1961">Cumber (1961: 164)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. More recently
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF26537FD18EF80D79B139F" author="Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J. - P. & Hausdorf, B. & Kaim, A. & Kano, Y. & Nutzel, A. & Parkhaev, P. & Schrodl, M. & Strong, E. E." box="[653,945,2014,2041]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 526" refId="ref88968" refString="Bouchet, P., Rocroi, J. - P., Hausdorf, B., Kaim, A., Kano, Y., Nutzel, A., Parkhaev, P., Schrodl, M. & Strong, E. E. (2017) Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologi a, 61, 1 - 526. https: // doi. org / 10.4002 / 040.061.0201" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Bouchet
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26537FD65EFBFD70A139F" box="[752,800,2015,2041]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2017: 185)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF26537FBBBEF80D0E0139C" author="Suter, H." box="[1070,1226,2015,2042]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref107114" refString="Suter, H. (1913 b) Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. MacKay, Government Printer, Wellington, 1120 pp." type="book" year="1913">Suter (1913b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fixed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF26536FA86EF80D56414D5" authority="Suter" authorityName="Suter" authorityYear="1897" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Physalacriaceae" genus="Flammulina" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" order="Agaricales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ponsonbyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF26536FA86EF80D52014D5" italics="true" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Flammulina ponsonbyi</emphasis>
|
||
Suter
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="14678876FFF36536FE37E8C6D5F814D5" box="[418,466,153,179]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF36536FDC0E8C6D6C714D5" authorityName="Suter" authorityYear="1892" box="[597,749,153,179]" class="Gastropoda" family="Charopidae" genus="Phenacohelix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF36536FDC0E8C6D6C714D5" box="[597,749,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Phenacohelix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under ICZN Article 70.3 to “stabilize the application of the names
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF36536FF70E8E2D55714B1" authorityName="Suter" authorityYear="1892" box="[229,381,189,215]" class="Gastropoda" family="Charopidae" genus="Phenacohelix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF36536FF70E8E2D55714B1" box="[229,381,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Phenacohelix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF36536FE26E8E2D65414B1" authorityName="Suter" authorityYear="1892" box="[435,638,189,215]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phenacohelicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Phenacohelicidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
”. In our view, this action is both unnecessary and inappropriate, as there is clear evidence that Pilsbry’s interpretation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF36536FD3DE8BED6C3149D" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1852" box="[680,745,225,251]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pilula">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF36536FD3DE8BED6C3149D" box="[680,745,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">pilula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not based on a misidentification, and we consider that the original selection of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF36536FEEBE95AD5951579" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1852" box="[382,447,261,287]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pilula">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF36536FEEBE95AD5951579" box="[382,447,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">pilula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="14678876FFF36536FD9BE95AD6141579" box="[526,574,261,287]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF36536FD2EE95AD7791579" authorityName="Suter" authorityYear="1892" box="[699,851,261,287]" class="Gastropoda" family="Charopidae" genus="Phenacohelix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF36536FD2EE95AD7791579" box="[699,851,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Phenacohelix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be retained.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CB6336D4FFF36536FF52E976D73C16CD" blockId="55.[151,1436,153,791]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
There has also been confusion over the identity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF36536FD61E976D0171525" authority="Pfeiffer, 1861" authorityName="Pfeiffer. The" authorityYear="1861" box="[756,1085,297,323]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chordata">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF36536FD61E976D7B11525" box="[756,923,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Helix chordata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF36536FC34E976D0171525" author="Pfeiffer, L." box="[929,1085,297,323]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="146 - 150" refId="ref102104" refString="Pfeiffer, L. (1861) Diagnosen einiger landschnecken von Neuseeland. Malakozoologische Blatter, 8, 146 - 150. [The heft of Malakozoologische Blatter containing this article was issued in November 1861, according to a footnote on p. 161 of Volume 8]" type="journal article" year="1861">Pfeiffer, 1861</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As mentioned above, the original description of this species noted that it “differs from the related
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF36536FC1AE911D0271501" authority="Pfr." authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1853" box="[911,1037,333,359]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="iota">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF36536FC1AE911D7F41501" box="[911,990,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">H. iota</emphasis>
|
||
Pfr.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF36536FBA1E912D1651501" authority="Reeve, 1852" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1852" box="[1076,1359,332,359]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pilula">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF36536FBA1E912D0931501" box="[1076,1209,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Helix pilula</emphasis>
|
||
Reeve, 1852
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] in the top-shaped [turbiniform] spire and the almost closed perforation”. Early
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B3CB7644FFF36536FC40E92ED04715ED" box="[981,1133,369,395]" name="New Zealand" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
workers recognised
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF36536FACEE92ED1B615ED" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1852" box="[1371,1436,369,395]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pilula">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF36536FACEE92ED1B615ED" box="[1371,1436,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">pilula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF36536FF52E9CAD50115C9" authorityName="Pfeiffer. The" authorityYear="1861" box="[199,299,405,431]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chordata">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF36536FF52E9CAD50115C9" box="[199,299,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">chordata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as separate species (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF36536FDD9E9CAD6D215C9" author="Hutton, F. W." box="[588,760,404,431]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref96424" refString="Hutton, F. W. (1880) Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. James Hughes, Wellington, 224 pp." type="book" year="1880">Hutton 1880: 5</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF36536FC90E9CAD7E215C9" author="Suter, H." box="[773,968,405,431]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="270 - 278" refId="ref105625" refString="Suter, H. (1892 a) Contributions to the Molluscan fauna of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 24, 270 - 278." type="journal article" year="1892">Suter 1892a: 270</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF36536FC41E9CAD12A15C9" author="Hedley, C. & Suter, H." box="[980,1280,405,431]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="613 - 665" refId="ref96063" refString="Hedley, C. & Suter, H. (1893) Reference list of the land and freshwater Mollusca of New Zealand. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, Series 2, 7, 613 - 665." type="journal article" year="1893">Hedley & Suter 1893: 642</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF36536FA99E9CAD4EF15B2" author="Suter, H." pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref107114" refString="Suter, H. (1913 b) Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. MacKay, Government Printer, Wellington, 1120 pp." type="book" year="1913">Suter 1913b: 664</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF36536FE97E9E6D59A15B2" author="Cumber, R. A." box="[258,432,441,468]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="163 - 196" refId="ref91650" refString="Cumber, R. A. (1961) A revision of the genus Phenacohelix Suter, 1892 (Mollusca: Flammulinidae) with a description of a new species, nd studies on variation, distribution, and ecology. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Zoology, 1, 163 - 196." type="journal article" year="1961">Cumber (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF36536FE7CE9E6D6A015B5" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[489,650,441,467]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref103388" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1979) New Zealand Mollusca. Collins, Auckland, 500 pp." type="book" year="1979">Powell (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, listed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF36536FD4DE9E6D71615B5" authorityName="Pfeiffer. The" authorityYear="1861" box="[728,828,441,467]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chordata">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF36536FD4DE9E6D71615B5" box="[728,828,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">chordata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF36536FBD3E9E6D0AD15B5" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1852" box="[1094,1159,441,467]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pilula">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF36536FBD3E9E6D0AD15B5" box="[1094,1159,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">pilula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The two last-mentioned authors also listed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF36536FEE4E982D7881591" authority="Suter, 1907" authorityName="Suter" authorityYear="1907" box="[369,930,477,503]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Physalacriaceae" genus="Flammulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agaricales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="leptalea" subGenus="Phenacohelix">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF36536FEE4E982D5D01591" box="[369,506,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Flammulina</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF36536FD98E982D68F1591" box="[525,677,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Phenacohelix</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF36536FD2DE982D7381591" box="[696,786,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">leptalea</emphasis>
|
||
Suter, 1907
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF36536FB50E982D12C1591" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1852" box="[1221,1286,477,503]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pilula">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF36536FB50E982D12C1591" box="[1221,1286,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">pilula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Conversely,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF36536FF02EA5ED574167D" author="Goulstone, J. F." box="[151,350,513,539]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="39 - 82" refId="ref94716" refString="Goulstone, J. F. (2001) A revision of the genus Phenacohelix Suter, 1892 (Mollusca: Pulmonata) with descriptions of four new species and reassignment of Thalassohelix ziczag (Gould, 1846). Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 38, 39 - 82." type="journal article" year="2001">Goulstone (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described two new species from material that had previously been identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF36536FB6CEA5ED110167D" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1852" box="[1273,1338,513,539]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pilula">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF36536FB6CEA5ED110167D" box="[1273,1338,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">pilula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, namely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF36536FF02EA7AD55D1659" authorityName="Goulstone" authorityYear="2001" box="[151,375,549,575]" class="Gastropoda" family="Charopidae" genus="Phenacohelix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aurea">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF36536FF02EA7AD55D1659" box="[151,375,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Phenacohelix aurea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF36536FE3AEA79D6621659" authorityName="Goulstone" authorityYear="2001" box="[431,584,549,575]" class="Gastropoda" family="Charopidae" genus="Phenacohelix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mahlfeldae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF36536FE3AEA79D6621659" box="[431,584,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">P. mahlfeldae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF36536FDC2EA7AD7121659" baseAuthorityName="Reeve" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[599,824,549,575]" class="Gastropoda" family="Charopidae" genus="Phenacohelix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pilula">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF36536FDC2EA7AD7121659" box="[599,824,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Phenacohelix pilula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as interpreted following Goultone (2001), has a wide geographic distribution in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B3CB7644FFF36536FE55EA16D67C1605" box="[448,598,585,611]" name="New Zealand" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(below), and shows considerable variation in umbilical width, spire elevation, and rib-spacing, both within and between populations (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF36536FC25EA32D07A16EE" author="Cumber, R. A." box="[944,1104,621,648]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="163 - 196" refId="ref91650" refString="Cumber, R. A. (1961) A revision of the genus Phenacohelix Suter, 1892 (Mollusca: Flammulinidae) with a description of a new species, nd studies on variation, distribution, and ecology. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Zoology, 1, 163 - 196." type="journal article" year="1961">Cumber 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Further work is required to determine if this is a single species or a species complex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CB6336D4FFF36536FF52EAEBD1531695" blockId="55.[151,1436,153,791]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF36536FF52EAEBD59C16A9" bold="true" box="[199,438,692,719]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Current Taxonomy:</emphasis>
|
||
Listed as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FFF36536FDBFEAEAD79B16A9" authority="(Reeve, 1852)" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1852" baseAuthorityName="Reeve" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[554,945,692,719]" class="Gastropoda" family="Charopidae" genus="Phenacohelix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pilula">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF36536FDBFEAEAD72016A9" box="[554,778,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Phenacohelix pilula</emphasis>
|
||
(Reeve, 1852)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF36536FC49EAEAD08316A9" author="Suter, H." box="[988,1193,693,719]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="270 - 278" refId="ref105625" refString="Suter, H. (1892 a) Contributions to the Molluscan fauna of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 24, 270 - 278." type="journal article" year="1892">Suter (1892a: 270</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF36536FB21EAEAD11216B6" author="Suter, H." box="[1204,1336,693,720]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref107114" refString="Suter, H. (1913 b) Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. MacKay, Government Printer, Wellington, 1120 pp." type="book" year="1913">1913b: 666</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF36536FADEEAEAD5561692" author="Hedley, C. & Suter, H." pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="613 - 665" refId="ref96063" refString="Hedley, C. & Suter, H. (1893) Reference list of the land and freshwater Mollusca of New Zealand. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, Series 2, 7, 613 - 665." type="journal article" year="1893">Hedley & Suter (1893: 641)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF36536FE1DEA86D6451695" author="Cumber, R. A." box="[392,623,729,755]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="163 - 196" refId="ref91650" refString="Cumber, R. A. (1961) A revision of the genus Phenacohelix Suter, 1892 (Mollusca: Flammulinidae) with a description of a new species, nd studies on variation, distribution, and ecology. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Zoology, 1, 163 - 196." type="journal article" year="1961">Cumber (1961: 177)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF36536FDEFEA86D77F1695" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[634,853,729,755]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref103388" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1979) New Zealand Mollusca. Collins, Auckland, 500 pp." type="book" year="1979">Powell (1979: 322)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF36536FCF5EA86D07A1692" author="Goulstone, J. F." box="[864,1104,729,756]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="39 - 82" refId="ref94716" refString="Goulstone, J. F. (2001) A revision of the genus Phenacohelix Suter, 1892 (Mollusca: Pulmonata) with descriptions of four new species and reassignment of Thalassohelix ziczag (Gould, 1846). Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 38, 39 - 82." type="journal article" year="2001">Goulstone (2001: 66)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF36536FB13EA86D15E1695" author="Spencer, H. G. & Marshall, B. A. & Willan, R. C." box="[1158,1396,729,755]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="196 - 219" refId="ref105122" refString="Spencer, H. G., Marshall, B. A. & Willan, R. C. (2009) Checklist of New Zealand living Mollusca. In: Gordon, D. P. (Ed.), New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Vol. 1. Kingdom Animalia. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch, pp. 196 - 219." type="book chapter" year="2009">
|
||
Spencer
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF36536FB72EA85D1331695" box="[1255,1305,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="83C6655FFFF36536FF52EAA3D1381771" box="[199,1298,764,791]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="CB6336D4FFF36536FF52EAA3D1381771" blockId="55.[151,1436,153,791]" box="[199,1298,764,791]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FFF36536FF52EAA3D5491771" bold="true" box="[199,355,764,791]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B3CB7644FFF36536FEFFEAA2D62E1771" box="[362,516,765,791]" name="New Zealand" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
; North Island, and northern & eastern South Island (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FFF36536FBD8EAA2D12F1771" author="Goulstone, J. F." box="[1101,1285,765,791]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="39 - 82" refId="ref94716" refString="Goulstone, J. F. (2001) A revision of the genus Phenacohelix Suter, 1892 (Mollusca: Pulmonata) with descriptions of four new species and reassignment of Thalassohelix ziczag (Gould, 1846). Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 38, 39 - 82." type="journal article" year="2001">Goulstone 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |