200 lines
29 KiB
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200 lines
29 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B59C37A2F6BB23C87F40234997BB70AE">Systematic notes on some leptomedusa species with a description of Neotima galeai n. spec. (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1AB1AC2377A71E576A33A374DE0EED57">Peter Schuchert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="A4C5EFAE49C6EAF881797FDF34F93C6B">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="272687CACF5BE21AFC2FFD71F98FFDEF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6043815" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135437089" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6043815" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:272687CACF5BE21AFC2FFD71F98FFDEF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/272687CACF5BE21AFC2FFD71F98FFDEF" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="356" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">
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<subSubSection id="E7956557CF5BE21BFC2FFD71F938FD50" box="[935,1332,654,678]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AF3036DCCF5BE21BFC2FFD71F938FD50" blockId="4.[935,1332,654,678]" box="[935,1332,654,678]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">
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<heading id="F47881B0CF5BE21BFC2FFD71F938FD50" bold="true" box="[935,1332,654,678]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF5BE21BFC2FFD71F938FD50" bold="true" box="[935,1332,654,678]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF5BE21BFC7FFD70F938FD50" ID-CoL="7PWZ5" authority="A. Agassiz, 1865" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityYear="1865" box="[1015,1332,654,678]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Ptychogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF5BE21BFC7FFD70F874FD50" bold="true" box="[1015,1144,654,678]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Ptychogena</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF5BE21BFBF5FD71F938FD50" author="Agassiz A." box="[1149,1332,655,678]" journalOrPublisher="Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" pagination="1 - 234" part="2" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1837" refString="Agassiz A. 1865. North American Acalephae. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 2: 1 - 234. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1837" title="North American Acalephae" type="journal article" year="1865">A. Agassiz, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E7956557CF5BE21BFCB7FD40F969FB85" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="AF3036DCCF5BE21BFCB7FD40F969FB85" blockId="4.[831,1437,702,1140]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">
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<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF5BE21BFCB7FD40FFBBFD23" bold="true" box="[831,951,702,725]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF5BE21BFC49FD40F848FD23" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[961,1092,702,725]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Laodiceidae</taxonomicName>
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medusae with large, prismatic manubrium, 4 radial canals connected to stomach via large, funnel-shaped, mesentery-like basal extensions of the manubrium. Along radial canals lateral, transverse, fold-like diverticula on which the gonads are located; bell margin with club-shaped cordyli, no cirri, no ocelli. Hydroids where known like
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<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF5BE21BFB0FFC80FFB0FC42" authority="(M. Sars, 1863)" authorityName="Schuchert et al." authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="M. Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Stegomoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="plicatile">
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<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF5BE21BFB0FFC80F964FC62" box="[1159,1384,893,917]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Stegomoma plicatile</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF5BE21BFAF5FC80FFB8FC42" author="Sars M." journalOrPublisher="Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-selskabet i Christiania" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" pagination="25 - 39" part="1862" refString="Sars M. 1863. Bemaerkninger over fire norske Hydroider. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-selskabet i Christiania 1862: 25 - 39." title="Bemaerkninger over fire norske Hydroider" type="journal article" year="1863">M. Sars, 1863</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Colony erect, branching, polysiphonic, with tendency to ramification in one plane. Hydrothecae on stem and branches, all pedicellate. Hydrothecae tubular, curved outwards gradually narrowing downwards, ending in a gable-shaped operculum. Gonothecae larger than hydrothecae, elongated, almost completely adnate with branches and axis, with or without operculum.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E7956557CF5BE21AFCB7FB75F98FFDEF" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="356" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="AF3036DCCF5BE21BFCB7FB75F93AF8E8" blockId="4.[831,1437,1163,2079]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">
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<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF5BE21BFCB7FB75FFBEFB55" bold="true" box="[831,946,1163,1187]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Remarks:</emphasis>
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The diagnosis given in
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<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF5BE21BFB63FB72F990FB54" author="Kramp P. L." box="[1259,1436,1163,1187]" journalOrPublisher="Dana Report 46" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" pagination="1 - 283" refString="Kramp P. L. 1959 a. The Hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana Report 46: 1 - 283." title="The Hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters" type="book chapter" year="1959" yearSuffix="a">Kramp (1959a)</bibRefCitation>
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and subsequent authors (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF5BE21BFB13FB54F999FB37" author="Bouillon J. & Gravili C. & Pages F. & Gili J. M. & Boero F." box="[1179,1429,1194,1219]" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" pagination="1 - 591" part="194" refString="Bouillon J., Gravili C., Pages F., Gili J. M., Boero F. 2006. An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 194: 1 - 591." title="An introduction to Hydrozoa" type="journal article" year="2006">
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Bouillon
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<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF5BE21BFA81FB52F944FB37" box="[1289,1352,1194,1219]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2006
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</bibRefCitation>
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) had to be slightly modified. Based on observations on
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<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF5BE21BFCE3FB14F916FAF7" authority="A. Agassiz, 1865" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityYear="1865" box="[875,1306,1258,1283]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Ptychogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lactea">
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<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF5BE21BFCE3FB14F831FAF7" box="[875,1085,1258,1281]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Ptychogena lactea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF5BE21BFBC4FB15F916FAF7" author="Agassiz A." box="[1100,1306,1258,1283]" journalOrPublisher="Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" pagination="1 - 234" part="2" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1837" refString="Agassiz A. 1865. North American Acalephae. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 2: 1 - 234. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1837" title="North American Acalephae" type="journal article" year="1865">A. Agassiz, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, influential authors like
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<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF5BE21BFC6BFAF4F890FAD5" author="Haeckel E." bookContentInfo="20 plates" box="[995,1180,1290,1315]" journalOrPublisher="Denkschriften der Medicinisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" pagination="1 - 360" part="1" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl." refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: XX + 1 - 360, 20 plates. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46856" title="Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen" type="book chapter" year="1879">Haeckel (1879)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF5BE21BFB3DFAF5F950FAD5" author="Mayer A. G." bookContentInfo="735 pp." box="[1205,1372,1291,1315]" journalOrPublisher="Carnegie Institution, Washington" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" pagination="1 - 76" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5996" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, 735 pp., plates 1 - 76. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5996" title="Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I & II. Scyphomedusae, Vol III" type="book chapter" year="1910">Mayer (1910)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF5BE21BFCB7FAD5FFDBFAB4" author="Kramp P. L." box="[831,983,1322,1346]" journalOrPublisher="Danish Ingolf Expedition" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" pagination="1 - 111" part="5" refString="Kramp P. L. 1919. Medusae. Pt. 1. Leptomedusae. Danish Ingolf Expedition 5 (8): 1 - 111, pls 1 - 5." title="Medusae. Pt. 1. Leptomedusae" type="journal article" year="1919">Kramp (1919</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF5BE21BFC61FAD4F82CFAB4" author="Kramp P. L." box="[1001,1056,1322,1346]" editor="Brandt K" journalOrPublisher="Lieferung" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" pagination="541 - 602" part="22" refString="Kramp P. L. 1933. XII Craspedote Medusen III. In: Brandt K. & Apstein C. (Eds), Nordisches Plankton, Lieferung 22, pp. 541 - 602. Lipsius & Tischer, Kiel." title="XII Craspedote Medusen III" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Nordisches Plankton" year="1933">1933</bibRefCitation>
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) interpreted the perradial funnelshaped structures bearing the gonadal folds as widened proximal parts of the radial canals. However, especially in the case of
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<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF5BE21BFC6BFA74F844FA57" box="[995,1096,1418,1441]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Ptychogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crocea">
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<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF5BE21BFC6BFA74F844FA57" box="[995,1096,1418,1441]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">P. crocea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, these structure are intuitively better interpreted as pockets of the manubrium as seen in many other hydromedusae [see also
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<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF5BE21BFB74FA37FF7CF9F7" author="Russell F. S." bookContentInfo="530 pp." journalOrPublisher="Cambridge University Press, London" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" refString="Russell F. S. 1953. The medusae of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press, London, 530 pp., 35 pls." title="The medusae of the British Isles" type="book" year="1953">Russell (1953: 224)</bibRefCitation>
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who expressed the same opinion for the similar
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<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF5BE21BFCB7F9F6F8EBF9D7" authority="Fewkes, 1882" authorityName="Fewkes" authorityYear="1882" box="[831,1255,1544,1569]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tiarannidae" genus="Chromatonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubrum">
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<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF5BE21BFCB7F9F6F833F9E9" box="[831,1087,1544,1567]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Chromatonema rubrum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF5BE21BFBC1F9F6F8EBF9D7" author="Fewkes J. W." box="[1097,1255,1544,1569]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology of Harvard College" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" pagination="291 - 310" part="9" refString="Fewkes J. W. 1882. On the Acalephae of the East coast of New- England. Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology of Harvard College 9 (8): 291 - 310, pl. 1." title="On the Acalephae of the East coast of New- England" type="journal article" year="1882">Fewkes, 1882</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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]. These pouches have the same characteristic colour and tissue density as the manubrium, while the radial canals connecting the end of the funnel to the circular canal are thin and transparent like the latter. Whatsoever, they are gastrodermal structures and as such homologous. Interpreting the funnels as radial canals was perhaps influenced by the general diagnosis of the leptomedusae which should have gonads on the radial canals.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AF3036DCCF5BE21BFCB7F8D9FFF0F86B" blockId="4.[831,1437,1163,2079]" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">
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The only
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<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF5BE21BFC22F8D9F824F8C8" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityYear="1865" box="[938,1064,1831,1854]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Ptychogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF5BE21BFC22F8D9F824F8C8" box="[938,1064,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Ptychogena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species for which the polyp stage is known is
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<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF5BE21BFC4BF8B9F994F8A9" authority="(Schuchert et al., 2017)" authorityName="Schuchert et al." authorityYear="2017" box="[963,1432,1863,1887]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Ptychogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crocea">
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<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF5BE21BFC4BF8B9F89CF8A9" box="[963,1168,1863,1887]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Ptychogena crocea</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF5BE21BFB17F8B9F99CF8A9" author="Schuchert P. & Hosia A. & Leclere L." box="[1183,1424,1863,1887]" journalOrPublisher="Revue suisse de Zoologie" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" pagination="167 - 182" part="124" publicationUrl="https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.322675" refString="Schuchert P., Hosia A., Leclere L. 2017. Identification of the polyp stage of three leptomedusa species using DNA barcoding. Revue suisse de Zoologie 124 (1): 167 - 182. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 322675" title="Identification of the polyp stage of three leptomedusa species using DNA barcoding" type="journal article" year="2017">
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Schuchert
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<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF5BE21BFA9BF8B6F945F8A8" box="[1299,1353,1863,1887]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2017
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, but the other species of the genus could have a similar or identical hydroid.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AF3036DCCF5BE21AFCB7F858FD6DFDEB" blockId="4.[831,1437,1163,2079]" lastBlockId="5.[151,756,258,542]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="356" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">
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The medusae of this genus are rather similar or hardly distinguishable from the genera
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<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF5BE21BFB17F838F990F829" authority="Forbes, 1848" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1848" box="[1183,1436,1990,2015]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tiarannidae" genus="Modeeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF5BE21BFB17F838F90BF82B" box="[1183,1287,1990,2013]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Modeeria</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF5BE21BFA87F838F990F829" author="Forbes E." bookContentInfo="104 pp." box="[1295,1436,1990,2015]" journalOrPublisher="Ray Society, London" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10032" refString="Forbes E. 1848. A monograph of the British naked-eyed medusae: with figures of all the species. Ray Society, London, 104 pp., 13 plates. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10032" title="A monograph of the British naked-eyed medusae: with figures of all the species" type="book" year="1848">Forbes, 1848</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF5BE21BFCFAF818F8B3F809" authority="Fewkes, 1882" authorityName="Fewkes" authorityYear="1882" box="[882,1215,2022,2047]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tiarannidae" genus="Chromatonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF5BE21BFCFAF818F81BF80B" box="[882,1047,2022,2045]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="355">Chromatonema</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF5BE21BFBABF818F8B3F809" author="Fewkes J. W." box="[1059,1215,2022,2047]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology of Harvard College" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" pagination="291 - 310" part="9" refString="Fewkes J. W. 1882. On the Acalephae of the East coast of New- England. Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology of Harvard College 9 (8): 291 - 310, pl. 1." title="On the Acalephae of the East coast of New- England" type="journal article" year="1882">Fewkes, 1882</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, although the latter genus has been placed in a separate family,
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<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF5BE21AFA96F7F8FD3BFEED" authority="Russell, 1940" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1940" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tiarannidae" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="356" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="355" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">
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Tiarannidae
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<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF5AE21AFF1FFEFCFD3BFEED" author="Russell F. S." box="[151,311,258,283]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" pagination="515 - 523" part="24" refString="Russell F. S. 1940. On the nematocysts of Hydromedusae III. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 24: 515 - 523." title="On the nematocysts of Hydromedusae III" type="journal article" year="1940">Russell, 1940</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Currently, the only feasible trait to distinguish
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<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF5AE21AFE9AFEDCFDBBFECF" authorityName="Fewkes" authorityYear="1882" box="[274,439,290,313]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tiarannidae" genus="Chromatonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF5AE21AFE9AFEDCFDBBFECF" box="[274,439,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">Chromatonema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
from
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<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF5AE21AFE7EFEDCFE78FECF" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityYear="1865" box="[502,628,290,313]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Ptychogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF5AE21AFE7EFEDCFE78FECF" box="[502,628,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">Ptychogena</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
is the shape of the cordyli: they are club-shaped in
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|
<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF5AE21AFDCEFEBDFEC8FEAC" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityYear="1865" box="[582,708,323,346]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Ptychogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF5AE21AFDCEFEBDFEC8FEAC" box="[582,708,323,346]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">Ptychogena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
and spindle-shaped in the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF5AE21AFE0DFE9DFE26FE8C" authorityName="Fewkes" authorityYear="1882" box="[389,554,355,378]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tiarannidae" genus="Chromatonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF5AE21AFE0DFE9DFE26FE8C" box="[389,554,355,378]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">Chromatonema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
|
. It is possible that there are significant differences in the polyp-stage, but the polyps of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF5AE21AFE83FE5AFDBCFE4D" authorityName="Fewkes" authorityYear="1882" box="[267,432,420,443]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tiarannidae" genus="Chromatonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF5AE21AFE83FE5AFDBCFE4D" box="[267,432,420,443]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">Chromatonema</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
remain unknown. Molecular phylogenies have to re-address the problem. Preliminary data (figs
|
|
<quantity id="68779B39CF5AE21AFE89FE18FD4CFE0A" box="[257,320,485,510]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" unit="in" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1-2 in</quantity>
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<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF5AE21AFECFFE1BFE3EFE08" author="Schuchert P. & Hosia A. & Leclere L." box="[327,562,485,510]" journalOrPublisher="Revue suisse de Zoologie" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" pagination="167 - 182" part="124" publicationUrl="https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.322675" refString="Schuchert P., Hosia A., Leclere L. 2017. Identification of the polyp stage of three leptomedusa species using DNA barcoding. Revue suisse de Zoologie 124 (1): 167 - 182. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 322675" title="Identification of the polyp stage of three leptomedusa species using DNA barcoding" type="journal article" year="2017">
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Schuchert
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|
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF5AE21AFE30FE19FDE2FE0A" box="[440,494,485,510]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">et al.</emphasis>
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|
, 2017
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|
</bibRefCitation>
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|
) suggest that they are closely related.
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|
</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="AF3036DCCF5AE21AFCB7FEFCFFE7FECA" blockId="5.[831,1437,258,385]" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">intense yellow-orange colouration; bulbs whitish; canals slightly opaque.</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="AF3036DCCF5AE21AFCB7FEB8F8FCFE77" blockId="5.[831,1437,258,385]" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">
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|
The hydroid stage of this species is
|
|
<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF5AE21AFB49FEB9F8E0FE77" authority="(M. Sars, 1863) (Schuchert et al., 2017)" authorityName="Schuchert et al." authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="M. Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" genus="Stegomoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="plicatile">
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|
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF5AE21AFB49FEB9F990FEAB" box="[1217,1436,326,350]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">Stegomoma plicatile</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF5AE21AFCC0FE97FFECFE89" author="Sars M." box="[840,992,360,385]" journalOrPublisher="Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-selskabet i Christiania" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" pagination="25 - 39" part="1862" refString="Sars M. 1863. Bemaerkninger over fire norske Hydroider. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-selskabet i Christiania 1862: 25 - 39." title="Bemaerkninger over fire norske Hydroider" type="journal article" year="1863">M. Sars, 1863</bibRefCitation>
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|
) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF5AE21AFC7DFE96F8E8FE77" author="Schuchert P. & Hosia A. & Leclere L." box="[1013,1252,360,385]" journalOrPublisher="Revue suisse de Zoologie" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" pagination="167 - 182" part="124" publicationUrl="https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.322675" refString="Schuchert P., Hosia A., Leclere L. 2017. Identification of the polyp stage of three leptomedusa species using DNA barcoding. Revue suisse de Zoologie 124 (1): 167 - 182. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 322675" title="Identification of the polyp stage of three leptomedusa species using DNA barcoding" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
|
Schuchert
|
|
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF5AE21AFBE0FE94F892FE89" box="[1128,1182,360,385]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
, 2017
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="AF3036DCCF5AE21AFCB7FE64F98FFDEF" blockId="5.[831,1437,410,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">
|
|
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF5AE21AFCB7FE64FFBDFE44" bold="true" box="[831,945,410,434]" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
|
The nematocysts have been described in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF5AE21AFCB7FE42FFE8FE23" author="Russell F. S." box="[831,996,444,469]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" pagination="515 - 523" part="24" refString="Russell F. S. 1940. On the nematocysts of Hydromedusae III. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 24: 515 - 523." title="On the nematocysts of Hydromedusae III" type="journal article" year="1940">Russell (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. The yellow colour is lost in preserved animals. For the difference to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="688F4D5FCF5AE21AFB12FE20F991FE03" authorityName="Fewkes" authorityYear="1882" box="[1178,1437,478,501]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tiarannidae" genus="Chromatonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubrum">
|
|
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF5AE21AFB12FE20F991FE03" box="[1178,1437,478,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">Chromatonema rubrum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and other similar medusae see
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="CB1E4B2DCF5AE21AFB00FDFEF973FDEF" author="Schuchert P. & Hosia A. & Leclere L." box="[1160,1407,512,537]" journalOrPublisher="Revue suisse de Zoologie" pageId="5" pageNumber="356" pagination="167 - 182" part="124" publicationUrl="https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.322675" refString="Schuchert P., Hosia A., Leclere L. 2017. Identification of the polyp stage of three leptomedusa species using DNA barcoding. Revue suisse de Zoologie 124 (1): 167 - 182. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 322675" title="Identification of the polyp stage of three leptomedusa species using DNA barcoding" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
|
Schuchert
|
|
<emphasis id="9DFBEACECF5AE21AFB71FDFCF923FDE1" box="[1273,1327,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="356">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2017)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
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</document> |