1254 lines
164 KiB
XML
1254 lines
164 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="0999D05E51E1DD4119312147FEB48612">Systematics, morphology and ecology of rails (Aves: Rallidae) of the Mascarene Islands, with one new species</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="86453683355DFFE9FF1FFBDAFDC3FBF8" blockId="51.[151,515,1047,1074]" box="[151,515,1047,1074]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="B48EEA91355DFFE9FF1FFBDAFDC3FBF8" bold="true" box="[151,515,1047,1074]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00355DFFE9FF66FBDAFDC3FBF8" ID-CoL="4LC2" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[238,515,1047,1074]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B48EEA91355DFFE9FF66FBDAFEFEFBF8" bold="true" box="[238,318,1047,1074]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fulica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FECEFBDAFDC3FBF8" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[326,515,1047,1074]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref49504" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 10 th Ed., vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae (Stockholm), 823 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="86453683355DFFE9FF1FFB92FC9EFBB0" blockId="51.[151,862,1119,1146]" box="[151,862,1119,1146]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<heading id="DD0D81EF355DFFE9FF1FFB92FC9EFBB0" bold="true" box="[151,862,1119,1146]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B48EEA91355DFFE9FF1FFB92FC9EFBB0" bold="true" box="[151,862,1119,1146]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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†Mascarene Coot
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00355DFFE9FEF1FB92FC9EFBB0" authority="Milne-Edwards, 1867 b" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[377,862,1119,1146]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtonii">
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||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355DFFE9FEF1FB92FDF8FBB0" bold="true" box="[377,568,1119,1146]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fulica newtonii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FDC8FB92FC9EFBB0" author="Milne-Edwards, A." box="[576,862,1119,1146]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="195 - 220" refId="ref50729" refString="Milne-Edwards, A. (1867 b) Memoire sur une espece eteinte du genre Fulica. Annales des Science Naturelles-Zoologie et Paleontologie, S 5 (8), 195 - 220." type="journal article" year="1867">Milne-Edwards, 1867b</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="CEE06508355DFFE9FF1FFB53FD17FAFB" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="description">
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<paragraph id="86453683355DFFE9FF1FFB53FCAFFAD8" blockId="51.[151,1437,1182,1759]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355DFFE9FF1FFB53FEDEFB7C" box="[151,286,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Poules d’eau</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B48EEA91355DFFE9FEA6FB53FE4CFB7C" box="[302,396,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">waterhen</emphasis>
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) Pretorius, [1666] (in
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<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FDFFFB52FCABFB7D" author="Hume, J. P. & Winters, R." box="[631,875,1182,1207]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="812 - 822" refId="ref48663" refString="Hume, J. P. & Winters, R. (2016) Captive birds on Dutch Mauritius: bad-tempered parrots, warty pigeons and notes on other native animals. Historical Biology, 28 (6), 812 - 822. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2015.1036750" type="journal article" year="2016">Hume & Winters, 2016</bibRefCitation>
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||
, p.5) (
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||
<collectingCountry id="FEED7613355DFFE9FC26FB53FBD6FB7D" box="[942,1046,1182,1207]" name="Mauritius" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
); Granaet, [1666] (in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FB70FB53FA58FB7D" author="Barnwell, P. J." box="[1272,1432,1182,1207]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref41858" refString="Barnwell, P. J. (1948) Visits and despatches 1598 - 1948. Standard Printing Establishment, Port Louis, Mauritius, 306 pp." type="book" year="1948">Barnwell, 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.40); François Martin in [
|
||
<date id="F2441043355DFFE9FE57FB71FD41FB1F" box="[479,641,1212,1237]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1665" valueMax="1667">1665 and 1667</date>
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||
] (in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FD3EFB73FC90FB1F" author="Lougnon, A." box="[694,848,1213,1238]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref49860" refString="Lougnon, A. (1992) Sous le signe de la tortue Voyages anciens a I'lle Bourbon (1611 - 1725). Azalees Editions, Saint-Denis, 284 pp." type="book" year="1992">Lougnon 1992</bibRefCitation>
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||
, pp. 40, 43) (
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||
<collectingCountry id="FEED7613355DFFE9FC6AFB71FBFEFB1F" box="[994,1086,1212,1237]" name="Réunion" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
); Carpeau du Saussay, [1666] (in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FF4FFB11FEA4FB3E" author="Lougnon, A." box="[199,356,1244,1268]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref49860" refString="Lougnon, A. (1992) Sous le signe de la tortue Voyages anciens a I'lle Bourbon (1611 - 1725). Azalees Editions, Saint-Denis, 284 pp." type="book" year="1992">Lougnon, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.51) (
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||
<collectingCountry id="FEED7613355DFFE9FE38FB16FDCCFB3E" box="[432,524,1243,1268]" name="Réunion" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Réunion</collectingCountry>
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||
); Le Breton, [1671] (in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FD71FB11FC56FB3E" author="Lougnon, A." box="[761,918,1244,1268]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref49860" refString="Lougnon, A. (1992) Sous le signe de la tortue Voyages anciens a I'lle Bourbon (1611 - 1725). Azalees Editions, Saint-Denis, 284 pp." type="book" year="1992">Lougnon, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.135) (
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||
<collectingCountry id="FEED7613355DFFE9FC67FB16FB8BFB3E" box="[1007,1099,1243,1268]" name="Réunion" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FBD3FB16FB26FB3E" author="Dubois" box="[1115,1254,1243,1268]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref44308" refString="Dubois, [S.] (1674) Les voyages faits par le sieur D. B. aux Isles Dauphine ou Madagascar, et Bourbon, ou Mascarenne, es annees 1669, 70, 71 et 72. Dans laquelle il est curieusement trait du Cap Vert, de la ville de Surate, des isles de Sainte Helene, ou de l'Ascention. Ensemble les moeurs, religions, forces, gouvernemens et coutumes des habitans des dites isles, avec l'histoire naturelle du pais. Chez Claude Barbin, Paris, 243 pp." type="book" year="1674">Dubois, 1674</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.169 (
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||
<collectingCountry id="FEED7613355DFFE9FABDFB16FA51FB3E" box="[1333,1425,1243,1268]" name="Réunion" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FF4FFB36FE8DFAD9" author="Leguat, F." box="[199,333,1275,1299]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref49413" refString="Leguat, F. (1708) Voyages et Avantures de Francois Leguat & de ses Compagnons, en Deux Isles Desertes des Indes Orientales. Jean Louis de Lorme, Amsterdam, 180 pp. [Leguat's voyages was also published in English (1708), Dutch (1708) and German (1709)]" type="book" year="1708">Leguat, 1708</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(French edition), p.71 (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED7613355DFFE9FDB6FB37FD66FAD9" box="[574,678,1274,1299]" name="Mauritius" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FD3FFB37FCF9FAD9" author="Oliver, P." box="[695,825,1274,1299]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref52790" refString="Oliver, P. (1898) The voyages made by the Sieur D. B. to the islands Dauphine or Madagascar & Bourbon or Mascarenne in the years 1669, 70, 71 & 72. David Nutt, London, 160 pp." type="book" year="1898">Oliver, 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.77
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="86453683355DFFE9FF1FFAD4FD17FAFB" blockId="51.[151,1437,1182,1759]" box="[151,727,1304,1330]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355DFFE9FF1FFAD4FF3CFAFB" box="[151,252,1305,1329]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Moor-hen</emphasis>
|
||
Leguat, [in 1693] 1708 (English edition), p.71
|
||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CEE06508355DFFE9FF1FFAF5FDACF915" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="86453683355DFFE9FF1FFAF5FD89FA66" blockId="51.[151,1437,1182,1759]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00355DFFE9FF1FFAF5FDF1FA9A" authority=": Milne-Edwards, 1867 b" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,561,1335,1360]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtonii">
|
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<emphasis id="B48EEA91355DFFE9FF1FFAF5FEF7FA9A" box="[151,311,1336,1360]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fulica newtonii</emphasis>
|
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:
|
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<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FECDFAFAFDF1FA9A" author="Milne-Edwards, A." box="[325,561,1335,1360]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="195 - 220" refId="ref50729" refString="Milne-Edwards, A. (1867 b) Memoire sur une espece eteinte du genre Fulica. Annales des Science Naturelles-Zoologie et Paleontologie, S 5 (8), 195 - 220." type="journal article" year="1867">Milne-Edwards, 1867b</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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, pp.203, 204(table), 211(table), 215, 216, 217, pl.10,
|
||
<date id="F2441043355DFFE9FBDBFAFAFB05FA9A" box="[1107,1221,1335,1360]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1866" valueMax="1873">1866–1873</date>
|
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[1874], p.55;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FADEFAFAFF3CFAA5" author="Oliver, P." pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref52748" refString="Oliver, P. (1891) The voyage of Francois Leguat of Bresse, to Rodriguez, Mauritius, Java, and the Cape of Good Hope. 2 Vols. Hakluyt Society, London, 137 & 433 pp." type="book" year="1891">Oliver, 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.369;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FEC3FA9BFE7CFAA5" author="Pitot, A." box="[331,444,1366,1391]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="82 - 100" refId="ref53661" refString="Pitot, A. (1914) Extinct birds of the Mascarene Islands. In: Macmillan, A. (Ed.)., Mauritius illustrated: Historical and descriptive, commercial and industrial facts, figures and resources. W. H. & L. Collingridge, London, pp. 82 - 100." type="book chapter" year="1914">Pitot, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.89;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FE77FA9BFDBCFAA5" author="Olson, S. L." box="[511,636,1366,1391]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="357 - 363" refId="ref52862" refString="Olson, S. L. (1977) A synopsis on the fossil Rallidae. In: Dillon Ripley, S (Ed.), Rails of the World - A Monograph of the Family Rallidae. Codline, Boston, pp. 357 - 363." type="book chapter" year="1977">Olson, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.363;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FD43FA9BFC98FAA5" author="Cowles, G. S." box="[715,856,1366,1391]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="90 - 100" refId="ref43774" refString="Cowles, G. S. (1987) The fossil record. In: Diamond, A. W. (Ed.), Studies of Mascarene Island birds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 90 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511735769.004" type="book chapter" year="1987">Cowles, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
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, p.96, 1994, p.92;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FB9AFA9BFB54FAA5" author="Probst, J-M." box="[1042,1172,1366,1391]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref53807" refString="Probst, J-M. (1997) Animaux de la Reunion Guide d'identification des oiseaux, mammiferes, reptiles et amphibiens. Azalee Editions, Ile de la Reunion, 168 pp." type="book" year="1997">Probst, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
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, p.48;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FB5EFA9BFF3CFA47" author="Taylor, B. & van Perlo, B." pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref56737" refString="Taylor, B. & van Perlo, B. (1998) Rails; a guide to the rails, crakes, gallinules and coots of the World. Robertsbridge, Pica Press, Sussex, 600 pp." type="book" year="1998">
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Taylor &
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00355DFFE9FABEFA9AFF3CFA47" authority="Perlo, 1998, p. 61" authorityName="Perlo" authorityPageNumber="61" authorityYear="1998" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="van">van Perlo, 1998</taxonomicName>
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</bibRefCitation>
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, p.61;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FECAFAB9FDD9FA47" author="Probst, J-M. & Brial, P." box="[322,537,1396,1421]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref53840" refString="Probst, J-M. & Brial, P. (2002) Recits anciens de naturalistes a I'ile Bourbon. Le 1 er guide des especes disparues de La Reunion. Association Nature & Patrimoine, Le Port, 112 pp." type="book" year="2002">Probst & Brial, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.53;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FDD7FAB9FC46FA47" author="Mourer-Chauvire, C. & Bour, R. & Ribes, S." box="[607,902,1396,1421]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="40 - 48" refId="ref51682" refString="Mourer-Chauvire, C., Bour, R. & Ribes, S. (2006) Recent avian extinctions on Reunion (Mascarene Islands) from paleontological and historical sources. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, 126 A, 40 - 48." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Mourer-Chauviré
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355DFFE9FC9FFABBFC8BFA47" box="[791,843,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.43; Garcia
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355DFFE9FB9EFABBFB8AFA47" box="[1046,1098,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014, p.105; del
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FB75FABBFF3CFA66" author="Hoyo, J. & Collar, N. J." pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref47694" refString="del Hoyo, J. & Collar, N. J. (2014) HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. 1. Nonpasserines. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, 904 pp." type="book" year="2014">Hoyo & Collar, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pp.342,773;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FE0EFA59FDC5FA66" author="Hume, J. P." box="[390,517,1428,1452]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref48348" refString="Hume, J. P. (2017) Extinct Birds. 2 nd Edition. Helm, London, 608 pp." type="book" year="2017">Hume, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.140
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="86453683355DFFE9FF1FFA7FFC29F949" blockId="51.[151,1437,1182,1759]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00355DFFE9FF1FFA7FFDDCFA01" authority=": Milne-Edwards, 1869" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1869" box="[151,540,1458,1483]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355DFFE9FF1FFA7FFEF0FA00" box="[151,304,1458,1482]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fulica newtoni</emphasis>
|
||
: Milne-Edwards, 1869
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–1871, p.139, fig.1–2, 1896a, p.76, 1896b, p.118; E.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FBBBFA7EFB05FA01" author="Newton, E." box="[1075,1221,1459,1483]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="548 - 554" refId="ref52454" refString="Newton, E. (1888) List of birds of the Mascarene Islands, including the Seychelles (Appendix to the President's address). Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 4, 548 - 554." type="journal article" year="1888">Newton, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.552; E.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FABAFA7EFE91FA23" author="Newton, E. & Gadow, H." pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="281 - 302" refId="ref52495" refString="Newton, E. & Gadow, H. (1893) IX. On additional bones of the Dodo and other extinct birds of Mauritius obtained by Mr. Theodore Sauzier. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 13 (7), 281 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1893. tb 00001. x" type="journal article" year="1893">Newton & Gadow, 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pp.282, 292–293, figs,1–11, 1895, p.233;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FC8FFA1DFC5AFA23" author="Forbes, H. O." box="[775,922,1488,1513]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="521 - 546" refId="ref44977" refString="Forbes, H. O. (1893 a) A list of birds inhabiting the Chatham Islands. Ibis, S 6 (5), 521 - 546. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1474 - 919 X. 1893. tb 01240. x" type="journal article" year="1893">Forbes, 1893a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.544;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FC63FA1DFBB4FA23" author="Sharpe, R. B." box="[1003,1140,1488,1513]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref55752" refString="Sharpe, R. B. (1894) Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum. Vol. 23. Catalogue of the Fulicariae (Rallidae and Heliornithidae) and Alectorides (Aramidae, Eurypygidae, Mesitidae, Rhinochetidae, Gruidae, Psophidae, and Otididae). Printed by order of the Trustees, London, 353 pp." type="book" year="1894">Sharpe, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.209;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FB4EFA1FFF3CF9C2" author="Emerez de Charmoy, D. d'" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref44625" refString="Emerez de Charmoy, D. d'. (1903) Rapport sur la fauna ornithologique eteinte de l'ile Maurice. Mauritius Institute, Port Louis, 8 pp." type="book" year="1903">Emerez de Charmoy, 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.7; A.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FED8FA3DFE22F9C2" author="Newton, A." box="[336,482,1519,1544]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="142" refId="ref52246" refString="Newton, A. (1905) New discovery of dodo's bones. Ibis, 8 (5), 142." type="journal article" year="1905">Newton, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.142; Carié, 1916, p.109;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FD73FA22FC42F9C2" author="Sclater, W. L." box="[763,898,1519,1544]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref55464" refString="Sclater, W. L. (1924) Systema Avium Aethiopicatrum. A systematic list of the birds of the Ethiopian Region. Pt. 1. British Ornithologists' Union, London, 304 pp." type="book" year="1924">Sclater, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.109;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FC5AFA22FB41F9C2" author="Lambrecht, K." box="[978,1153,1519,1544]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref49256" refString="Lambrecht, K. (1933) Handbuch der Palaeornithologie. Gebruder Borntraeger, Berlin, 1024 pp." type="book" year="1933">Lambrecht, 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pp.470, 481;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FA98FA22FA58F9C2" author="Guerin, R." box="[1296,1432,1519,1544]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref46218" refString="Guerin, R. (1942) Fauna ornithologique ancienne et actuelle des Iles Mascareignes, Seychelles, Comores et des iles avoisinantes. Vol. 2. General Printing and Stationary Co., Port Louis, 94 pp." type="book" year="1942">Guérin, 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2(12), 1950, p.405;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FE06F9C3FDD9F9ED" author="Berlioz, J." box="[398,537,1550,1575]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref42218" refString="Berlioz, J. (1946) Oiseaux de la Reunion. Faune de l'Empire Francaise 4. Larose, Paris, 81 pp." type="book" year="1946">Berlioz, 1946</bibRefCitation>
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||
, p.7;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FDC6F9C2FD36F9ED" author="Greenway, J. C. Jr." box="[590,758,1550,1575]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref46077" refString="Greenway, J. C. Jr. (1958) Extinct and Vanishing Birds of the World. American Committee for International Wild Life Protection, New York, 518 pp." type="book" year="1958">Greenway, 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.119, 1967, p.119;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FC4EF9C3FB89F9ED" author="Luther, D." box="[966,1097,1550,1575]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref49932" refString="Luther, D. (1970) Die ausgestorbenen vogel der welt. A. Ziemsen, Wittenberg Lutherstadt, 208 pp." type="book" year="1970">Luther, 1970</bibRefCitation>
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||
, p.187, 1986, p.183, 1986 [2005], p.183;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FE86F9E0FE27F98F" author="Barre, N. & Barau, A." box="[270,487,1581,1605]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref41886" refString="Barre, N. & Barau, A. (1982) Oiseaux de la Reunion. Authors, St. Denis, 196 pp." type="book" year="1982">Barré & Barau, 1982</bibRefCitation>
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||
, p.32;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FDA4F9E1FD6FF98F" author="Cheke, A. S." box="[556,687,1580,1605]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="5 - 89" refId="ref43041" refString="Cheke, A. S. (1987) An ecological history of the Mascarene Islands, with particular reference to extinctions and introductions of land vertebrates. In: Diamond, A. W. (Ed.), Studies of Mascarene Island Birds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 5 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511735769.003" type="book chapter" year="1987">Cheke, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.35, 2013b, p.13;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FCF3F9E1FBCCF98F" author="Balouet, J. - C." box="[891,1036,1580,1605]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref41827" refString="Balouet, J. - C. (1990) Extinct Species of the World, Lessons for our future. Charles Letts & Co, London, 192 pp." type="book" year="1990">Balouet, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.45;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FBD9F9E1FB23F98F" author="Livezey, B. C." box="[1105,1251,1580,1605]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref49693" refString="Livezey, B. C. (2003) Evolution of flightlessness in rails (Gruiformes: Rallidae): Phylogenetic, ecomorphological, and ontogenetic perspectives. In: Ornithological monographs 53. The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D. C., 654 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 40168337" type="book" year="2003">Livezey, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.2;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FA92F9E1FF3CF9AE" author="Adams, M. P. & Cooper, J. H. & Collar, N. J." pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="338 - 354" refId="ref41579" refString="Adams, M. P., Cooper, J. H. & Collar, N. J. (2003) Extinct and endangered (' E & E') birds: a proposed list for collection categories. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, 123 A (Supplement), 338 - 354." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Adams
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355DFFE9FAE1F9E3FA56F98F" box="[1385,1430,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.344;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FEDAF981FDCBF9AE" author="Hume, J. P. & Mourer-Chauvire, C. & Bour, R. & Ribes, S." box="[338,523,1611,1636]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref48544" refString="Hume, J. P., Mourer-Chauvire, C., Bour, R. & Ribes, S. (2006) Les animaux disparus. Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Reunion, 32 pp." type="book" year="2006">
|
||
Hume
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355DFFE9FE10F980FE07F9AE" box="[408,455,1612,1636]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.17;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FDDBF986FCFBF9AE" author="Cheke, A. S. & Hume, J. P." box="[595,827,1611,1636]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref43343" refString="Cheke, A. S. & Hume, J. P. (2008) Lost Land of the Dodo: an Ecological History of Mauritius, Reunion & Rodrigues. T. & A. D. Poyser, London, 464 pp. [reprinted 2011]" type="book" year="2008">Cheke & Hume, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.135, tbls.3.1,4.1, pls.3,6;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FBEBF981FA90F9AE" author="Hume, J. P. & Walters, M." box="[1123,1360,1611,1636]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref48632" refString="Hume, J. P. & Walters, M. (2012) Extinct Birds. 1 st Edition. A & C Black, London, 544 pp." type="book" year="2012">Hume & Walters 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.120;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FF4FF9A6FE87F949" author="Hume, J. P." box="[199,327,1643,1667]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="195 - 237" refId="ref48084" refString="Hume, J. P. (2013) A synopsis of the pre-human avifauna of the Mascarene Islands. In: Gohlich, U. B. & Kroh, A. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 8 th International Meeting of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution. Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, pp. 195 - 237." type="book chapter" year="2013">Hume, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.219, 2014a, p.38;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FD93F9A7FCE3F949" author="Safford, R. J. & Hawkins, A. F. A." box="[539,803,1642,1667]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref54791" refString="Safford, R. J. & Hawkins, A. F. A. (2013) The birds of Africa. Volume VIII. The Malagasy Region. Christopher Helm, London, 1024 pp." type="book" year="2013">Safford & Hawkins, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pp.45,348 (lapsus)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="86453683355DFFE9FF1FF944FB2CF96B" blockId="51.[151,1437,1182,1759]" box="[151,1260,1672,1697]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00355DFFE9FF1FF944FDD9F96B" authority=": Forbes, 1893 a" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,537,1672,1697]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Palaeolimnas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355DFFE9FF1FF944FEB9F96B" box="[151,377,1673,1697]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Palaeolimnas newtoni</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FE0EF945FDD9F96B" author="Forbes, H. O." box="[390,537,1672,1697]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="521 - 546" refId="ref44977" refString="Forbes, H. O. (1893 a) A list of birds inhabiting the Chatham Islands. Ibis, S 6 (5), 521 - 546. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1474 - 919 X. 1893. tb 01240. x" type="journal article" year="1893">Forbes, 1893a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, p.544;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FDE1F945FCE4F96B" author="Rothschild, W." box="[617,804,1672,1697]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref54594" refString="Rothschild, W. (1907 a) Extinct Birds. Hutchinson & Co, London, 244 pp." type="book" year="1907">Rothschild, 1907a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.150, 1907b, p.198;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FB8EF945FB69F96B" author="Brodkorb, P." box="[1030,1193,1672,1697]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="99 - 220" refId="ref42615" refString="Brodkorb, P. (1967) Catalogue of fossil birds: part 3 (Ralliformes, Icthyornithiformes, Charadriiformes). Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, 11, 99 - 220." type="journal article" year="1967">Brodkorb, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.130
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="86453683355DFFE9FF1FF965FD77F90A" blockId="51.[151,1437,1182,1759]" box="[151,695,1703,1728]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00355DFFE9FF1FF965FD77F90A" ID-CoL="4LC2" authority=": Oustalet, 1897, p. 99" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,695,1703,1728]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355DFFE9FF1FF965FF19F90A" box="[151,217,1704,1728]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fulica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355DFFE9FF60F965FEB3F90A" box="[232,371,1704,1728]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Palaeolimnas</emphasis>
|
||
?)
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355DFFE9FE05F964FE1DF90A" box="[397,477,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">newtoni</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FE63F96AFD41F90A" author="Oustalet, E." box="[491,641,1703,1728]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 128" refId="ref53089" refString="Oustalet, E. (1897) Notice sur la fauna ornithologique ancienne et moderne des Iles Mascareignes et en particulier de I'lle Maurice. Annales des Sciences Naturelles: Zoologie, 8 / 3, 1 - 128." type="journal article" year="1897">Oustalet, 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.99
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="86453683355DFFE9FF1FF90BFDACF915" blockId="51.[151,1437,1182,1759]" box="[151,620,1734,1759]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Paludiphilus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00355DFFE9FE97F90AFDACF915" authority=": Hachisuka, 1953, p. 154" authorityName="Hachisuka" authorityPageNumber="154" authorityYear="1953" box="[287,620,1734,1759]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Palaeolimnas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355DFFE9FE97F90AFEAFF914" box="[287,367,1735,1758]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">newtoni</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FEF5F90BFDE9F915" author="Hachisuka, M." box="[381,553,1734,1759]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref46635" refString="Hachisuka, M. (1953) The Dodo and kindred birds, or the extinct birds of the Mascarene Islands. H. F. & G. Witherby, London, 250 + xvi pp." type="book" year="1953">Hachisuka, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.154
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CEE06508355DFFEEFF1FF8C0FEAAFE19" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="86453683355DFFE9FF1FF8C0FE18F8ED" blockId="51.[151,1436,1805,2011]" box="[151,472,1805,1831]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355DFFE9FF1FF8C0FECDF8ED" bold="true" box="[151,269,1805,1831]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<typeStatus id="59418821355DFFE9FF1FF8C0FEC8F8ED" box="[151,264,1805,1831]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
None designated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="86453683355DFFEEFF4FF8FDFEAAFE19" blockId="51.[151,1436,1805,2011]" lastBlockId="52.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355DFFE9FF4FF8FDFEFCF881" bold="true" box="[199,316,1840,1867]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<typeStatus id="59418821355DFFE9FF4FF8FDFEF7F881" box="[199,311,1840,1867]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Milne-Edwards did not specify
|
||
<typeStatus id="59418821355DFFE9FD26F8FCFCD0F881" box="[686,784,1841,1867]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
material when describing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00355DFFE9FBC8F8FCFB32F881" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[1088,1266,1841,1867]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355DFFE9FBC8F8FCFB32F881" box="[1088,1266,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fulica newtonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but three presumably unassociated elements,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00355DFFE9FD83F898FD91F8A5" authorityName="Megerle" authorityYear="1811" box="[523,593,1877,1903]" genus="Pelvis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="51" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">pelvis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, tibiotarsus, tarsometatarsus, were figured (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355DFFE9FBCBF898FA86F8A5" author="Milne-Edwards, A." box="[1091,1350,1877,1903]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="195 - 220" refId="ref50729" refString="Milne-Edwards, A. (1867 b) Memoire sur une espece eteinte du genre Fulica. Annales des Science Naturelles-Zoologie et Paleontologie, S 5 (8), 195 - 220." type="journal article" year="1867">Milne-Edwards 1867b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl.10). He returned these specimens to
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355DFFE9FD88F8B4FD94F859" box="[512,596,1913,1939]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
, and by using details from the labels and by matching them to the illustrations, I have been able to definitely assign the following as Milne-Edwards’
|
||
<typeStatus id="59418821355DFFE9FB89F850FBA7F87D" box="[1025,1127,1949,1975]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00355DFFE9FBFBF850FB77F87D" authorityName="Megerle" authorityYear="1811" box="[1139,1207,1949,1975]" genus="Pelvis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355DFFE9FBFBF850FB77F87D" box="[1139,1207,1949,1975]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Pelvis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355DFFE9FB4FF850FAD8F87D" box="[1223,1304,1949,1975]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
573 (pl.10, 1–4);
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355DFFE9FF52F80CFE98F811" box="[218,344,1985,2011]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Tibiotarsus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355DFFE9FEEFF80CFE78F811" box="[359,440,1985,2011]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
573 (L) (pl.10, 11–15). There are two other tibiotarsi, right and left, with the same cata- logue number (
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFECDFF54FE58FF79" box="[325,408,153,179]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
573), but these are the largest known (see Appendix 2,
|
||
<tableCitation id="CB780338355AFFEEFB96FF54FB42FF79" box="[1054,1154,152,179]" captionStart="TABLE 15" captionStartId="105.[149,226,496,519]" captionTargetBox="[162,1960,529,1741]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="TABLE 15. Measurements (mm) of the tarsometatarsus of Mascarene rails compared with other Rallidae." pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Table 15</tableCitation>
|
||
) and may be associated. They are too large to belong to the illustrated
|
||
<typeStatus id="59418821355AFFEEFD3CFF70FCCBFF1D" box="[692,779,189,215]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
series. Furthermore, the tarsometatarsus (pl.10, 5–10) in Milne-Edward’s plate is from the left side, whereas a tarsometatarsus (
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFC3EFF2CFBC9FF31" box="[950,1033,225,251]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
573) listed in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFB50FF2CFAE9FF31" box="[1240,1321,225,251]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
catalogue as the possible
|
||
<typeStatus id="59418821355AFFEEFEB7FEC8FE61FED5" box="[319,417,261,287]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is from the right side. Another possibility is that the tarsometatarsus is figured in reverse, in which the original plate is reproduced in a mirror image, i.e. the bone from the right side will appear as a left. This was a standard procedure in lithography (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355AFFEEFDEAFE80FD3BFEA2" author="Weaver, P." box="[610,763,333,360]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref57754" refString="Weaver, P. (1964) The Technique of Lithography. B. T. Batsford, London, 176 pp." type="book" year="1964">Weaver 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but unfortunately there are no diagnostic erosional features on the
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFF6FFEBCFEF8FE41" box="[231,312,369,395]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
573 bone to link it with the illustration. There are also four other left tarsometatarsi in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFAC3FEBCFA5CFE41" box="[1355,1436,369,395]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
collections all catalogued
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFE32FE58FDCBFE65" box="[442,523,405,431]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
298.aa, so the
|
||
<typeStatus id="59418821355AFFEEFD3AFE58FCC9FE65" box="[690,777,405,431]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
tarsometatarsus cannot be confidently identified and is not considered further.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CEE06508355AFFEEFF4FFE10FDFFFE3D" box="[199,575,477,503]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="86453683355AFFEEFF4FFE10FDFFFE3D" blockId="52.[151,1437,152,2015]" box="[199,575,477,503]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFF4FFE10FE40FE3D" bold="true" box="[199,384,477,503]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Measurements:</emphasis>
|
||
See Appendix 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CEE06508355AFFEEFF4FFDCCFD02FDD1" box="[199,706,512,539]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="86453683355AFFEEFF4FFDCCFD02FDD1" blockId="52.[151,1437,152,2015]" box="[199,706,512,539]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFF4FFDCCFEA9FDD1" bold="true" box="[199,361,512,539]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Type locality:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED7613355AFFEEFEF8FDCCFE20FDD1" box="[368,480,513,539]" name="Mauritius" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Mascarene Islands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CEE06508355AFFEEFF4FFDE9FC91FDF5" box="[199,849,548,575]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="86453683355AFFEEFF4FFDE9FC91FDF5" blockId="52.[151,1437,152,2015]" box="[199,849,548,575]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFF4FFDE9FEA3FDF5" bold="true" box="[199,355,548,575]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED7613355AFFEEFEE2FDE8FE17FDF5" box="[362,471,549,575]" name="Mauritius" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED7613355AFFEEFD85FDE8FDAFFDF5" box="[525,623,549,575]" name="Réunion" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Mascarene Islands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CEE06508355AFFEEFF4FFD84FAD6FD4D" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="86453683355AFFEEFF4FFD84FAD6FD4D" blockId="52.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFF4FFD84FE92FDA9" bold="true" box="[199,338,585,611]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
After Sir Edward Newton (
|
||
<date id="F2441043355AFFEEFD1AFD84FCD5FDA9" box="[658,789,585,611]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1832" valueMax="1897">1832–1897</date>
|
||
), British assistant colonial secretary on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED7613355AFFEEFB69FD84FA91FDA9" box="[1249,1361,585,611]" name="Mauritius" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and a keen naturalist who organised the collection of many subfossil specimens on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED7613355AFFEEFC70FDA0FBA5FD4D" box="[1016,1125,621,647]" name="Mauritius" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="443EF861355AFFEEFB14FDA0FAD3FD4D" box="[1180,1299,621,647]" country="Mauritius" name="Rodrigues" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Rodrigues</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CEE06508355AFFEEFF4FFD5DFC7AFA9D" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="86453683355AFFEEFF4FFD5DFC7AFA9D" blockId="52.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFF4FFD5DFE2AFD61" bold="true" box="[199,490,656,683]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Referred fossil material:</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFE78FD5FFD8FFD61" box="[496,591,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Rostrum</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFDD4FD5CFD6DFD61" box="[604,685,657,683]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
298.aa;
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFC84FD5CFCB9FD61" box="[780,889,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Vertebrae</emphasis>
|
||
(cervical),
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFC70FD5CFBA2FD61" box="[1016,1122,657,683]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r;
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFB1DFD5CFB3FFD61" box="[1173,1279,657,683]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r;
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFABAFD5CFA5CFD61" box="[1330,1436,657,683]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r;
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFF45FD78FEE7FD05" box="[205,295,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Scapula</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFEB5FD78FE53FD05" box="[317,403,693,719]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFE29FD79FE23FD05" box="[417,483,692,719]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dqz8-sfkc" name="Madras Museum" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MAD</collectionCode>
|
||
8856 (Lp);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFDF9FD78FD07FD05" box="[625,711,693,719]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFD5DFD79FCD7FD05" box="[725,791,692,719]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dqz8-sfkc" name="Madras Museum" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MAD</collectionCode>
|
||
8856 (L);
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFC1FFD78FC34FD05" box="[919,1012,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Sternum</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFB82FD78FB9BFD05" box="[1034,1115,693,719]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
298.aa;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00355AFFEEFB42FD7BFAF1FD05" box="[1226,1329,694,719]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Humerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFB42FD7BFAF1FD05" box="[1226,1329,694,719]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Humerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFACFFD78FA5DFD05" box="[1351,1437,693,719]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFF1FFD15FF1AFD39" box="[151,218,728,755]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dqz8-sfkc" name="Madras Museum" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MAD</collectionCode>
|
||
6571 (R);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFED9FD14FE67FD39" box="[337,423,729,755]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFE38FD15FE31FD39" box="[432,497,728,755]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dqz8-sfkc" name="Madras Museum" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MAD</collectionCode>
|
||
6570 (R);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFDE2FD14FD14FD39" box="[618,724,729,755]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r (Lp);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFCC2FD14FC74FD39" box="[842,948,729,755]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">NMHUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r (Lp);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFBA2FD14FB54FD39" box="[1066,1172,729,755]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r (Lp);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFA82FD14FAB4FD39" box="[1290,1396,729,755]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r (Rd);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFF53FD30FEECFCDD" box="[219,300,765,791]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
298 (L);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFE13FD30FE2CFCDD" box="[411,492,765,791]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
298 (R);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFDD4FD30FD6DFCDD" box="[604,685,765,791]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
298 (L);
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFC94FD30FCAAFCDD" box="[796,874,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Radius</emphasis>
|
||
, DRP 237.B4 (R);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFBC0FD30FB5EFCDD" box="[1096,1182,765,791]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFB2EFD31FB28FCDD" box="[1190,1256,764,791]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dqz8-sfkc" name="Madras Museum" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MAD</collectionCode>
|
||
8856 (R);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00355AFFEEFAD5FD30FA55FCDD" authorityName="Capuse" authorityYear="1973" box="[1373,1429,765,791]" family="Carangidae" genus="Ulna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFAD5FD30FA55FCDD" box="[1373,1429,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Ulna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFF1FFCECFF28FCF1" box="[151,232,801,827]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
298 (R);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFED3FCECFE6CFCF1" box="[347,428,801,827]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
298 (L) juv.;
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFDC7FCECFCD9FCF1" box="[591,793,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Carpometacarpus</emphasis>
|
||
, DRP 20.137 (R);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00355AFFEEFC7DFCECFBF9FCF1" authorityName="Megerle" authorityYear="1811" box="[1013,1081,801,827]" genus="Pelvis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFC7DFCECFBF9FCF1" box="[1013,1081,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Pelvis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFBC1FCECFB5FFCF1" box="[1097,1183,801,827]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFB20FCEDFB2CFCF1" box="[1192,1260,800,827]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dqz8-sfkc" name="Madras Museum" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MAD</collectionCode>
|
||
6505;
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFABAFCECFA5CFCF1" box="[1330,1436,801,827]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r;
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFF4DFC88FEEFFC95" box="[197,303,837,863]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r;
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFEEBFC88FE74FC95" box="[355,436,837,863]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
298.aa;
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFD9BFC88FDA4FC95" box="[531,612,837,863]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
298.aa; DRP 324.B1;
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFCD7FC8BFC6AFC95" box="[863,938,838,863]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Femur</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFC3FFC88FBC8FC95" box="[951,1032,837,863]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
298.aa (L); LWM u/r (R); LWM u/r (R); LWM u/r (R); LWM u/r (L); LWM u/r (Ld);
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFD3FFCA4FCF5FC49" box="[695,821,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Tibiotarsus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFCCAFCA4FC40FC49" box="[834,896,873,899]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/p8vk-27r5" name="Booth Museum of Natural History" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">BMB</collectionCode>
|
||
10179 (L);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFB8BFCA4FB81FC49" box="[1027,1089,873,899]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/p8vk-27r5" name="Booth Museum of Natural History" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">BMB</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="F2441043355AFFEEFBCFFCA4FB5BFC49" box="[1095,1179,873,899]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="48-10-17">101748</date>
|
||
(L); DRP294.B1 (Rd);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFF1FFC40FF2DFC6D" box="[151,237,909,935]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFF7EFC41FEF7FC6D" box="[246,311,908,935]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dqz8-sfkc" name="Madras Museum" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MAD</collectionCode>
|
||
6504 (R);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFE26FC40FDC4FC6D" box="[430,516,909,935]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFD84FC41FD8EFC6D" box="[524,590,908,935]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dqz8-sfkc" name="Madras Museum" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MAD</collectionCode>
|
||
6503 (L);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFD4BFC40FCD9FC6D" box="[707,793,909,935]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFCA9FC41FCA2FC6D" box="[801,866,908,935]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dqz8-sfkc" name="Madras Museum" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MAD</collectionCode>
|
||
6562 (L);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFC50FC40FBEEFC6D" box="[984,1070,909,935]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFBBEFC40FBB8FC6D" box="[1078,1144,909,935]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dqz8-sfkc" name="Madras Museum" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MAD</collectionCode>
|
||
6823 (Rd);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFB74FC40FA92FC6D" box="[1276,1362,909,935]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFAD3FC40FA5CFC6D" box="[1371,1436,909,935]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dqz8-sfkc" name="Madras Museum" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MAD</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r (L);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFF7BFC7CFE89FC01" box="[243,329,945,971]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFEDAFC7CFE53FC01" box="[338,403,945,971]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dqz8-sfkc" name="Madras Museum" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MAD</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r (L);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFE70FC7CFDA2FC01" box="[504,610,945,971]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r (L);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFD4EFC7CFCF0FC01" box="[710,816,945,971]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r (Rd);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFC2CFC7CFBCEFC01" box="[932,1038,945,971]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r (L) juv.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFB2DFC7CFACFFC01" box="[1189,1295,945,971]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r (L) juv.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFF1FFC18FEC1FC25" box="[151,257,981,1007]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r (L);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFED7FC18FE70FC25" box="[351,432,981,1007]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
1004 (R);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFDA0FC18FDB9FC25" box="[552,633,981,1007]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
1004 (R);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFD79FC18FC82FC25" box="[753,834,981,1007]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
1004 (L);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFC31FC18FBCAFC25" box="[953,1034,981,1007]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
1004 (R);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFB0AFC18FB13FC25" box="[1154,1235,981,1007]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
1004 (R);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFAC3FC18FA5CFC25" box="[1355,1436,981,1007]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
1004 (L);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFE81FC34FE9AFBD9" box="[265,346,1017,1043]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
1004 (L);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFE5AFC34FDE3FBD9" box="[466,547,1017,1043]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
1004 (R);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFD16FC34FD2FFBD9" box="[670,751,1017,1043]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
1004 (R);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFCE1FC34FC7AFBD9" box="[873,954,1017,1043]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
1004 (L);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFBBAFC34FB43FBD9" box="[1074,1155,1017,1043]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
573 (R);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFB78FC34FA81FBD9" box="[1264,1345,1017,1043]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
573 (L) (largest known, possibly associated specimens);
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFD31FBD3FCB3FBFD" box="[697,883,1054,1079]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Tarsometatarsus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFC09FBD0FC17FBFD" box="[897,983,1053,1079]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFC56FBD1FBE1FBFD" box="[990,1057,1052,1079]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dqz8-sfkc" name="Madras Museum" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MAD</collectionCode>
|
||
6501 (R);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFB1BFBD0FB29FBFD" box="[1171,1257,1053,1079]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFB78FBD1FAF2FBFD" box="[1264,1330,1052,1079]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dqz8-sfkc" name="Madras Museum" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MAD</collectionCode>
|
||
6508 (L);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFF1FFB8CFEC1FB91" box="[151,257,1089,1115]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
A1353 (R);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFE1EFB8CFDC0FB91" box="[406,512,1089,1115]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
A1353 (L);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFD1BFB8CFD3DFB91" box="[659,765,1089,1115]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r (L);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFCEDFB8CFC0FFB91" box="[869,975,1089,1115]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r (R);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFBB0FB8CFB62FB91" box="[1080,1186,1089,1115]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r (L);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFA82FB8CFAB4FB91" box="[1290,1396,1089,1115]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r (Ld);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFF50FBA8FE82FBB5" box="[216,322,1125,1151]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r (Lp);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFE27FBA8FDD9FBB5" box="[431,537,1125,1151]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r (R);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFDF2FBA8FD24FBB5" box="[634,740,1125,1151]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r (R);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFCCCFBA8FC6EFBB5" box="[836,942,1125,1151]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r (L);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFB85FBA8FBB7FBB5" box="[1037,1143,1125,1151]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r (R);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFB50FBA8FA82FBB5" box="[1240,1346,1125,1151]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r (R);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFF1FFB44FEC1FB69" box="[151,257,1161,1187]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r (R);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFEECFB44FE0EFB69" box="[356,462,1161,1187]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r (Lp);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFDB6FB44FD68FB69" box="[574,680,1161,1187]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r (R);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFC83FB44FCB5FB69" box="[779,885,1161,1187]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r (Rd);
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFC6FFB44FB91FB69" box="[999,1105,1161,1187]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
u/r (R) juv.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="E0EBAE46355AFFEEFB6DFB44FAF6FB69" box="[1253,1334,1161,1187]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">UMZC</collectionCode>
|
||
573 (R);
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFF1FFB60FF34FB0D" box="[151,244,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Phalanx</emphasis>
|
||
, MI u/r (Flacq). Additional
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED7613355AFFEEFDB1FB60FD58FB0D" box="[569,664,1197,1223]" name="Réunion" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
material not examined by me (in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72355AFFEEFBABFB60FB7EFB0D" author="Cowles, G. S." box="[1059,1214,1197,1223]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="87 - 93" refId="ref43829" refString="Cowles, G. S. (1994) A new genus, three new species and two new records of extinct Holocene birds from Reunion Island, Indian Ocean. Geobios, 27, 87 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0016 - 6995 (06) 80215 - 9" type="journal article" year="1994">Cowles 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFB5BFB60FA9BFB0D" box="[1235,1371,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Premaxillae</emphasis>
|
||
LAC 1993.44;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00355AFFEEFE8BFB1CFE87FB21" authorityName="Megerle" authorityYear="1811" box="[259,327,1233,1259]" genus="Pelvis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFE8BFB1CFE87FB21" box="[259,327,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Pelvis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
LAC 1993.38;
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFE77FB1CFD9CFB21" box="[511,604,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Sternum</emphasis>
|
||
LAC 1993.39;
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFC9BFB1CFC51FB21" box="[787,913,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Tibiotarsus</emphasis>
|
||
LAC 1993.40 (L); LAC 1993.41 (R);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00355AFFEEFADAFB1CFA5DFB21" box="[1362,1437,1233,1259]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ceritellidae" genus="Fibula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFADAFB1CFA5DFB21" box="[1362,1437,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fibula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
LAC 1993.43;
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFEB6FB38FE74FAC5" box="[318,436,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Phalanges</emphasis>
|
||
<date id="F2441043355AFFEEFE32FB39FE1CFAC5" box="[442,476,1268,1295]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">X5</date>
|
||
LAC 1993.45;
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFD01FB38FD36FAC5" box="[649,758,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Vertebrae</emphasis>
|
||
<date id="F2441043355AFFEEFD73FB38FCDDFAC5" box="[763,797,1269,1295]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">X2</date>
|
||
LAC 1993.46. A recent discovery of a phalanx at a marsh site in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="443EF861355AFFEEFE98FAD4FE8EFAF9" box="[272,334,1305,1331]" country="Mauritius" name="Flacq" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Flacq</collectingRegion>
|
||
area, north-east
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED7613355AFFEEFD85FAD4FDBAFAF9" box="[525,634,1305,1331]" name="Mauritius" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1EC12A06355AFFEEFD02FAD4FD0FFAF9" box="[650,719,1305,1331]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1537,1562]" captionTargetBox="[255,1367,179,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[221,1367,179,1509]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Detail of Mauritius and original vegetation, showing the place names mentioned in the text (adapted from Cheke & Hume 2008)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335517/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) in 2018 confirms its presence in the northern wetlands, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00355AFFEEFA00FAD7FF37FA9D" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFA00FAD7FF37FA9D" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">F. newtonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
probably occurred in all suitable wetland habitat on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED7613355AFFEEFCCEFAF0FC77FA9D" box="[838,951,1341,1367]" name="Mauritius" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CEE06508355AFFEEFF4FFAADFC93FA09" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="86453683355AFFEEFF4FFAADFC93FA09" blockId="52.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFF4FFAADFE63FAB1" bold="true" box="[199,419,1376,1403]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Revised diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFE22FAAFFDC9FAB1" box="[426,521,1378,1403]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Rostrum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1EC12A06355AFFEEFD9FFAACFDABFAB1" box="[535,619,1377,1403]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1975,2000]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,705,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[151,1434,705,1956]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 32. Comparison of rostra of Fulica newtonii with rostrum on cranium of F. atra, (above) dorsal view, (below) lateral view. A. B. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; C. D. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3430456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3430456/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
|
||
): os premaxillare short and weakly pointed; in dorsal view, os nasale narrow, not covering narial openings; in lateral view, foramina neurovascularia, present, small and circular with limited extent; os nasale narrow; in ventral view, deep, distinct sulcus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CEE06508355AFFEDFF4FFA00FB7BFE19" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="86453683355AFFEEFF4FFA00FC24F9C1" blockId="52.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFF4FFA00FEE1FA2D" box="[199,289,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Scapula</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1EC12A06355AFFEEFEBAFA00FE48FA2D" box="[306,392,1485,1511]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="54.[151,250,1222,1247]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1202]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[151,1436,181,1202]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 33. Comparison of scapulae (ventrolateral aspect, left side) of Fulica newtonii with F. atra and Fulica cristata, A. NHMUK S/1988.60.1 Fulica atra ♂; B. NHMUK 1897.5.10.25 F. cristata u/s; C. UMZC 8856 F. newtonii u/s; D. UMZC 8856 F. newtonii u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335553/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
): in lateral view, narrow; margo dorsalis distinct; facies articularis humeralis shallow; acromion blunt, rounded and directed dorsad; tuberculum coracoideum distinct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="86453683355AFFEEFF4FF9D8FDCCF9BD" blockId="52.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFF4FF9D8FEE4F9E5" box="[199,292,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Sternum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1EC12A06355AFFEEFEBFF9D8FE4EF9E5" box="[311,398,1557,1583]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1952,1977]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1389,1932]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[151,1435,1389,1932]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 34. Comparison of sterna of Fulica newtonii with F. atra, (left) lateral view, (right) ventral view. A. C. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; B. D. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335555/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
|
||
): long and extremely narrow caudally; in dorsal view, processus craniolateralis broad and project laterally; spina interna short, square-shaped, and slightly bifurcated; in lateral view, apex carinae extends cranially less than rostrum sterni.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="86453683355AFFEEFF4FF94FFEEDF8E1" blockId="52.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00355AFFEEFF4FF94FFEEEF951" box="[199,302,1666,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Humerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFF4FF94FFEEEF951" box="[199,302,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Humerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1EC12A06355AFFEEFEB7F94DFE5EF951" box="[319,414,1664,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1790,1815]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,181,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[156,1431,181,1770]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 35. Comparison of wing, pelvic and leg elements of Fulica newtonii with F. atra. Radii, left side, ventral aspect, A. MNHN MAD8856 F. newtonii u/s; B. NHMUK S/1988.60.1 ♂; ulnae, right side, ventral aspect, C. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s; D. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; humeri, right side, caudal aspect, E. UMZC 298 F. newtonii u/s; F. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; pelves, dorsal view, G. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s; H. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; left femora, cranial aspect, I. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s; J. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; left tibiotarsi, cranial aspect, K. UMZC 1004 F. newtonii u/s; L. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; left tarsometatarsi, dorsal aspect, M. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s; N. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335557/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig.35E</figureCitation>
|
||
): shaft strongly curved dorsoventrally; in caudal aspect, tuberculum ventrale pronounced, incisura capitis shallow; fossa pneumotricipitalis variable, either with or without pneumaticum; tuberculum dorsale oval shaped and reduced in size; sulcus humerotricipitalis shallow; in cranial view, sulcus ligamentosa transversus shallow; crista bicipitalis, short, weakly square-shaped; fossa m. brachialis shallow; distinct processus supracondylaris dorsalis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="86453683355AFFEEFF4FF8F8FA9CF8B9" blockId="52.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFF4FF8F8FED5F885" box="[199,277,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Radius</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1EC12A06355AFFEEFEAEF8F8FE51F885" box="[294,401,1844,1871]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1790,1815]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,181,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[156,1431,181,1770]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 35. Comparison of wing, pelvic and leg elements of Fulica newtonii with F. atra. Radii, left side, ventral aspect, A. MNHN MAD8856 F. newtonii u/s; B. NHMUK S/1988.60.1 ♂; ulnae, right side, ventral aspect, C. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s; D. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; humeri, right side, caudal aspect, E. UMZC 298 F. newtonii u/s; F. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; pelves, dorsal view, G. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s; H. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; left femora, cranial aspect, I. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s; J. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; left tibiotarsi, cranial aspect, K. UMZC 1004 F. newtonii u/s; L. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; left tarsometatarsi, dorsal aspect, M. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s; N. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335557/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 35A</figureCitation>
|
||
): sulcus tendinosa deep extending proximad approximately ¼ of total length radius length; facies articularis radiocarpalis deflected ventrally; in ventral aspect, depressio ligamentosa deeply excavated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="86453683355AFFEEFF4FF8B0FACDF871" blockId="52.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00355AFFEEFF4FF8B0FF3FF85D" authorityName="Capuse" authorityYear="1973" box="[199,255,1917,1943]" family="Carangidae" genus="Ulna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFF4FF8B0FF3FF85D" box="[199,255,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Ulna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1EC12A06355AFFEEFE99F8B0FEBCF85D" box="[273,380,1916,1943]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1790,1815]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,181,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[156,1431,181,1770]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 35. Comparison of wing, pelvic and leg elements of Fulica newtonii with F. atra. Radii, left side, ventral aspect, A. MNHN MAD8856 F. newtonii u/s; B. NHMUK S/1988.60.1 ♂; ulnae, right side, ventral aspect, C. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s; D. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; humeri, right side, caudal aspect, E. UMZC 298 F. newtonii u/s; F. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; pelves, dorsal view, G. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s; H. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; left femora, cranial aspect, I. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s; J. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; left tibiotarsi, cranial aspect, K. UMZC 1004 F. newtonii u/s; L. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; left tarsometatarsi, dorsal aspect, M. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s; N. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335557/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 35C</figureCitation>
|
||
): short and strongly arched dorso-ventrally proximally; in caudal aspect, olecranon distinct; processus cotylaris dorsalis hooked with deep impressio scapulotricipitis; sulcus intercondylaris deep.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="86453683355AFFEFFF4FF808FC8CFF31" blockId="52.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastBlockId="53.[151,1437,153,683]" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00355AFFEEFF4FF808FECBF815" authorityName="Megerle" authorityYear="1811" box="[199,267,1989,2015]" genus="Pelvis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355AFFEEFF4FF808FECBF815" box="[199,267,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Pelvis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1EC12A06355AFFEEFE92F808FE43F815" box="[282,387,1988,2015]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1790,1815]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,181,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[156,1431,181,1770]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 35. Comparison of wing, pelvic and leg elements of Fulica newtonii with F. atra. Radii, left side, ventral aspect, A. MNHN MAD8856 F. newtonii u/s; B. NHMUK S/1988.60.1 ♂; ulnae, right side, ventral aspect, C. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s; D. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; humeri, right side, caudal aspect, E. UMZC 298 F. newtonii u/s; F. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; pelves, dorsal view, G. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s; H. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; left femora, cranial aspect, I. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s; J. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; left tibiotarsi, cranial aspect, K. UMZC 1004 F. newtonii u/s; L. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; left tarsometatarsi, dorsal aspect, M. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s; N. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335557/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 35G</figureCitation>
|
||
): extremely long and narrow; in dorsal view, sulcus antitrochantericus extend laterally beyond the ala preacetabularis; canalis iliosynsacralis opens cranially; few indistinct foramina intertransversariae; in lateral view, foramen acetabuli smaller in size than foramen ilioischiadicum; crista iliaca dorsalis arched; in ventral view, one pronounced processus costalis; ala ischii directed caudad.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="86453683355BFFEFFF4FFECBFD11FE3D" blockId="53.[151,1437,153,683]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355BFFEFFF4FFECBFED2FED5" box="[199,274,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Femur</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1EC12A06355BFFEFFEA8FEC8FEBDFED5" box="[288,381,260,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1790,1815]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,181,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[156,1431,181,1770]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 35. Comparison of wing, pelvic and leg elements of Fulica newtonii with F. atra. Radii, left side, ventral aspect, A. MNHN MAD8856 F. newtonii u/s; B. NHMUK S/1988.60.1 ♂; ulnae, right side, ventral aspect, C. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s; D. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; humeri, right side, caudal aspect, E. UMZC 298 F. newtonii u/s; F. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; pelves, dorsal view, G. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s; H. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; left femora, cranial aspect, I. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s; J. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; left tibiotarsi, cranial aspect, K. UMZC 1004 F. newtonii u/s; L. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; left tarsometatarsi, dorsal aspect, M. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s; N. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335557/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 35I</figureCitation>
|
||
): extremely robust; in cranial view, shaft curved medially and directed caudally at the proximal end; crista trochanteris strongly deflected mediad; linea intermuscularis indistinct; sulcus patellaris deeply exca- vated; epicondylus lateralis distinct; condylus medialis extends the same distance distally as condylus lateralis; in medial aspect, fovea ligamentosa capitis deep and circular; crista trochanteris extends caudad, offsetting centrally facies articularis acetabularis; shaft strongly arched dorsally; in caudal aspect, impressiones obturatoriae indistinct; linea intermuscularis caudalis distinct, forming a ridge; fossa poplitea shallow; condylus medialis smaller than con- dylus lateralis; trochlea fibularis deeply excavated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="86453683355BFFEFFF4FFDCCFEAAFD61" blockId="53.[151,1437,153,683]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355BFFEFFF4FFDCCFE85FDD1" box="[199,325,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Tibiotarsus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1EC12A06355BFFEFFEDFFDCCFE03FDD1" box="[343,451,512,539]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1790,1815]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,181,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[156,1431,181,1770]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 35. Comparison of wing, pelvic and leg elements of Fulica newtonii with F. atra. Radii, left side, ventral aspect, A. MNHN MAD8856 F. newtonii u/s; B. NHMUK S/1988.60.1 ♂; ulnae, right side, ventral aspect, C. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s; D. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; humeri, right side, caudal aspect, E. UMZC 298 F. newtonii u/s; F. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; pelves, dorsal view, G. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s; H. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; left femora, cranial aspect, I. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s; J. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; left tibiotarsi, cranial aspect, K. UMZC 1004 F. newtonii u/s; L. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; left tarsometatarsi, dorsal aspect, M. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s; N. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335557/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 35K</figureCitation>
|
||
): long and robust; in cranial view, crista cnemialis forms a distinct proximal pointing ridge; sulcus extensorius deeply excavated, extending proximad; canalis extensorius oval-shaped; pons supratendin- eus wide and slightly arched, and situated mediad; crista cnemialis lateralis extends distad; in caudal aspect, crista cnemialis cranialis strongly hooked; shaft shallow; condylus lateralis small, weakly rounded; depressio epicondy- laris lateralis deep.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D285660B355BFFEFFF1FF87AFBB9F839" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3430456" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3430456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3430456/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" startId="53.[151,250,1975,2000]" targetBox="[151,1434,705,1956]" targetPageId="53">
|
||
<paragraph id="86453683355BFFEFFF1FF87AFBB9F839" blockId="53.[151,1436,1975,2036]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355BFFEFFF1FF87AFEE0F81A" bold="true" box="[151,288,1975,2000]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 32.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of rostra of
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355BFFEFFDA8F875FD7FF81A" box="[544,703,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fulica newtonii</emphasis>
|
||
with rostrum on cranium of
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355BFFEFFC6BF874FBE6F81A" box="[995,1062,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">F. atra</emphasis>
|
||
, (above) dorsal view, (below) lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355BFFEFFF5BF816FF25F83E" bold="true" box="[211,229,2011,2036]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355BFFEFFF7AF811FEC3F83E" bold="true" box="[242,259,2012,2036]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">B</emphasis>
|
||
. UMZC 298a
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355BFFEFFE1FF811FDCAF83E" box="[407,522,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fulica atra</emphasis>
|
||
u/s;
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355BFFEFFDB3F816FD8DF83E" bold="true" box="[571,589,2011,2036]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355BFFEFFDD2F811FDACF83E" bold="true" box="[602,620,2012,2036]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">D</emphasis>
|
||
. UMZC 298.aa
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA91355BFFEFFC9AF810FC42F83E" box="[786,898,2013,2036]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">F. newtonii</emphasis>
|
||
u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="D285660B3558FFECFF1FFB0BFE3FFAEC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335553/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" startId="54.[151,250,1222,1247]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1202]" targetPageId="54">
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833558FFECFF1FFB0BFE3FFAEC" blockId="54.[151,1437,1222,1319]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913558FFECFF1FFB0BFEE1FB15" bold="true" box="[151,289,1222,1247]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">FIGURE 33.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of scapulae (ventrolateral aspect, left side) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003558FFECFC0EFB0AFBE7FB14" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[902,1063,1223,1247]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913558FFECFC0EFB0AFBE7FB14" box="[902,1063,1223,1247]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fulica newtonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913558FFECFBECFB0AFAB5FB14" box="[1124,1397,1223,1247]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003558FFECFBECFB0AFB68FB14" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1124,1192,1223,1246]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atra">F. atra</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003558FFECFB56FB0AFAB5FB14" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1789" box="[1246,1397,1223,1247]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristata">Fulica cristata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913558FFECFA0CFB0BFA56FB15" bold="true" box="[1412,1430,1222,1247]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">A</emphasis>
|
||
. NHMUK S/1988.60.1
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003558FFECFEF5FB26FE2FFAC8" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[381,495,1259,1283]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913558FFECFEF5FB26FE2FFAC8" box="[381,495,1259,1283]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fulica atra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
♂;
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913558FFECFD9CFB26FDE5FAC9" bold="true" box="[532,549,1259,1283]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">B</emphasis>
|
||
. NHMUK 1897.5.10.25
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003558FFECFCA9FB26FC47FAC8" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1789" box="[801,903,1259,1282]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913558FFECFCA9FB26FC47FAC8" box="[801,903,1259,1282]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">F. cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
u/s;
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913558FFECFC3FFB27FC09FAC9" bold="true" box="[951,969,1258,1283]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C</emphasis>
|
||
. UMZC 8856
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003558FFECFBD5FB26FB0CFAC8" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[1117,1228,1259,1282]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913558FFECFBD5FB26FB0CFAC8" box="[1117,1228,1259,1282]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">F. newtonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
u/s;
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913558FFECFB74FB26FACEFAC9" bold="true" box="[1276,1294,1259,1283]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">D</emphasis>
|
||
. UMZC 8856
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003558FFECFF1FFAC2FEC7FAEC" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,263,1295,1318]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913558FFECFF1FFAC2FEC7FAEC" box="[151,263,1295,1318]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">F. newtonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833558FFECFF4FFA9BFD9AF9E9" blockId="54.[151,1437,1364,2039]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913558FFECFF4FFA9BFE41FAA5" box="[199,385,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Tarsometatarsus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063558FFECFE18FA98FE3FFAA5" box="[400,511,1364,1391]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1790,1815]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,181,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[156,1431,181,1770]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 35. Comparison of wing, pelvic and leg elements of Fulica newtonii with F. atra. Radii, left side, ventral aspect, A. MNHN MAD8856 F. newtonii u/s; B. NHMUK S/1988.60.1 ♂; ulnae, right side, ventral aspect, C. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s; D. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; humeri, right side, caudal aspect, E. UMZC 298 F. newtonii u/s; F. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; pelves, dorsal view, G. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s; H. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; left femora, cranial aspect, I. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s; J. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; left tibiotarsi, cranial aspect, K. UMZC 1004 F. newtonii u/s; L. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; left tarsometatarsi, dorsal aspect, M. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s; N. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335557/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 35M</figureCitation>
|
||
): long and robust; in dorsal aspect, trochleae metatarsorum weakly splayed; trochlea metatarsi II directed slightly plantad; impressiones retinaculi extensorii indistinct; two or more foramina vascularia proximalia; in plantar aspect, surface area of foramen vasculare distale deeply excavated forming a large circle; fossa metatarsi I deep and extends proximad; on proximal end, canal for tendon of musculus flexor digitorum longus; deeply incised sulcus for tendon of musculus flexor perforatus digiti II and shallow sulcus for tendon of musculus flexor hallucis longus present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833558FFECFF4FF9E1FCA7F9A1" blockId="54.[151,1437,1364,2039]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913558FFECFF4FF9E1FDE5F98D" bold="true" box="[199,549,1580,1607]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Description and comparison:</emphasis>
|
||
For comparison with other Mascarene rallid genera, see under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003558FFECFB70F9E0FA55F98D" baseAuthorityName="Cheke" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[1272,1429,1581,1607]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Aphanapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913558FFECFB70F9E0FA55F98D" box="[1272,1429,1581,1607]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Aphanapteryx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003558FFECFF1FF99CFE87F9A1" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,327,1617,1643]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913558FFECFF1FF99CFE87F9A1" box="[151,327,1617,1643]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fulica newtonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003558FFECFE54F99FFDE6F9A1" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[476,550,1618,1643]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913558FFECFE54F99FFDE6F9A1" box="[476,550,1618,1643]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">F. atra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following characters:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833558FFECFF4FF9BBFD94F945" blockId="54.[151,1437,1364,2039]" box="[199,596,1653,1679]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913558FFECFF4FF9BBFEE6F945" box="[199,294,1654,1679]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Rostrum</emphasis>
|
||
: Larger, otherwise similar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833558FFECFF4FF954FD7DF91D" blockId="54.[151,1437,1364,2039]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913558FFECFF4FF954FEE1F979" box="[199,289,1689,1715]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Scapula</emphasis>
|
||
: Proportionately shorter; proximal end more robust; tuberculum coracoideum more pronounced; margo dorsalis less defined; extremitas caudalis blunter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833558FFECFF4FF92CFB27F8D5" blockId="54.[151,1437,1364,2039]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913558FFECFF4FF92CFEE4F931" box="[199,292,1761,1787]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Sternum</emphasis>
|
||
: in dorsal view, processus craniolateralis more prominent, extending more laterad; rostrum sterni more square-shaped, not bifurcated; in lateral view, apex carinae extends less craniad; otherwise similar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833558FFECFF4FF8E7FE19F8AD" blockId="54.[151,1437,1364,2039]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003558FFECFF4FF8E7FE24F889" authority=": Comparatively" authorityName="Comparatively" box="[199,484,1833,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Humerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913558FFECFF4FF8E7FEEEF889" box="[199,302,1834,1859]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Humerus</emphasis>
|
||
: Comparatively
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
short; incisura capitis shallower; in cranial view, fossa m. brachialis extends further proximad; otherwise similar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833558FFECFF4FF8BCFF1BF819" blockId="54.[151,1437,1364,2039]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913558FFECFF4FF8BCFED5F841" box="[199,277,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Radius</emphasis>
|
||
: proportionately more robust, especially at proximal and distal ends; in caudal aspect, tuberculum aponeurosis more pronounced; in cranial aspect, caput radii more deeply incised; sulcus tendinous more deeply excavated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833558FFECFF4FF810FB3AF83D" blockId="54.[151,1437,1364,2039]" box="[199,1274,2013,2039]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003558FFECFF4FF810FF3FF83D" authorityName="Capuse" authorityYear="1973" box="[199,255,2013,2039]" family="Carangidae" genus="Ulna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913558FFECFF4FF810FF3FF83D" box="[199,255,2013,2039]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Ulna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: comparatively short in total length; processus cotylaris dorsalis shorter, otherwise similar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833559FFEDFF4FFF54FDB5FF79" blockId="55.[151,1437,153,1368]" box="[199,629,153,179]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003559FFEDFF4FFF54FECBFF79" authorityName="Megerle" authorityYear="1811" box="[199,267,153,179]" genus="Pelvis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFF4FFF54FECBFF79" box="[199,267,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Pelvis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: much larger, otherwise similar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833559FFEDFF4FFF73FCD1FED5" blockId="55.[151,1437,153,1368]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFF4FFF73FED2FF1D" box="[199,274,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Femur</emphasis>
|
||
: much larger, approximately 19% difference in total length and more robust, especially on proximal and distal ends (see Appendix 2,
|
||
<tableCitation id="CB7803383559FFEDFE5FFF2CFDFAFF31" box="[471,570,225,251]" captionStart="TABLE 12" captionStartId="100.[149,237,489,515]" captionTargetBox="[164,1993,527,1741]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="TABLE 12. Measurements (mm) of the femur of Mascarene rails compared with other Rallidae." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D285660B350AFFBEFF1DFE24FB5BFDC9" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" tableUuid="D285660B350AFFBEFF1DFE24FB5BFDC9">Table 12</tableCitation>
|
||
); in cranial view, crista trochanteris larger and directed more distad; in caudal aspect, sulcus more deeply excavated; otherwise similar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833559FFEDFF4FFEE4FAA3FE41" blockId="55.[151,1437,153,1368]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFF4FFEE4FE85FE89" box="[199,325,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Tibiotarsus</emphasis>
|
||
: proportions differ greatly from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003559FFEDFD34FEE7FCC9FE89" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[700,777,298,323]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFD34FEE7FCC9FE89" box="[700,777,298,323]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">F. atra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, being closer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003559FFEDFC42FEE4FBFDFE89" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1760" box="[970,1085,297,323]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Porphyrio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFC42FEE4FBFDFE89" box="[970,1085,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Porphyrio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, i.e. long-legged; much larger, approximately 32% difference in total length and more robust, especially on proximal and distal ends (see Appendix 2,
|
||
<tableCitation id="CB7803383559FFEDFF3BFEBCFED5FE41" box="[179,277,369,395]" captionStart="TABLE 13" captionStartId="102.[149,224,502,524]" captionTargetBox="[162,1961,534,1762]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="TABLE 13. Measurements (mm) of the tibiotarsus of Mascarene rails compared with other Rallidae." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D285660B3508FFBCFF1DFE3BFBE6FDC6" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" tableUuid="D285660B3508FFBCFF1DFE3BFBE6FDC6">Table 13</tableCitation>
|
||
); in cranial aspect, crista fibularis comparatively short; sulcus extensorius more deeply excavated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833559FFEDFF4FFE5BFB7BFE19" blockId="55.[151,1437,153,1368]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFF4FFE5BFE41FE65" box="[199,385,406,431]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Tarsometatarsus</emphasis>
|
||
: proportions differ greatly from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003559FFEDFC88FE5BFC8EFE65" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[768,846,406,431]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFC88FE5BFC8EFE65" box="[768,846,406,431]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">F. atra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, being closer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003559FFEDFB9DFE58FB48FE65" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1760" box="[1045,1160,405,431]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Porphyrio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFB9DFE58FB48FE65" box="[1045,1160,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Porphyrio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, i.e. long-legged; much larger, approximately 24% difference in total length, and more robust, especially on distal end.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CEE065083559FFEDFF4FFE10FE05FB0D" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833559FFEDFF4FFE10FE0EFD39" blockId="55.[151,1437,153,1368]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFF4FFE10FEFDFE3D" bold="true" box="[199,317,477,503]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723559FFEDFECCFE10FD92FE32" author="Milne-Edwards, A." box="[324,594,477,504]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="195 - 220" refId="ref50729" refString="Milne-Edwards, A. (1867 b) Memoire sur une espece eteinte du genre Fulica. Annales des Science Naturelles-Zoologie et Paleontologie, S 5 (8), 195 - 220." type="journal article" year="1867">Milne-Edwards (1867b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003559FFEDFD44FE13FC87FE3D" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[716,839,478,503]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFD44FE13FC87FE3D" box="[716,839,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">F. newtonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from a series of bones found at the Mare aux Songes marsh,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED76133559FFEDFF62FDCCFE9BFDD1" box="[234,347,513,539]" name="Mauritius" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
. From my comparison with other similar-sized species, it measured around
|
||
<quantity id="41029B663559FFEDFB3AFDCDFB37FDD1" box="[1202,1271,512,539]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="cm" value="35.0">35 cm</quantity>
|
||
in total length and may have had a body mass of up to
|
||
<quantity id="41029B663559FFEDFDD2FDE8FD63FDF5" box="[602,675,549,575]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.2" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="kg" value="1.2">1.2 kg</quantity>
|
||
. There is also a nearly complete growth series for juvenile tibiotarsi (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063559FFEDFF28FD84FF33FDAE" box="[160,243,585,612]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="57.[151,250,1960,1985]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,181,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@57.[180,1407,181,1940]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 36. Juvenile Fulica newtonii NHMUK u/r showing ontogenetic changes. Note the elements are nearly as large as an adult (far right), but the proximal ends are not ossified indicating subadult birds. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335559/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
|
||
). Despite having a reduced sternum (see Appendix 2),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723559FFEDFCD8FD84FBBFFDA9" author="Newton, E. & Gadow, H." box="[848,1151,585,611]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="281 - 302" refId="ref52495" refString="Newton, E. & Gadow, H. (1893) IX. On additional bones of the Dodo and other extinct birds of Mauritius obtained by Mr. Theodore Sauzier. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 13 (7), 281 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1893. tb 00001. x" type="journal article" year="1893">Newton and Gadow (1893)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that there was only slight reduction in the carina sterni (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063559FFEDFDA6FDA0FD42FD4D" box="[558,642,621,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1952,1977]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1389,1932]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[151,1435,1389,1932]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 34. Comparison of sterna of Fulica newtonii with F. atra, (left) lateral view, (right) ventral view. A. C. UMZC 298a Fulica atra u/s; B. D. UMZC 298.aa F. newtonii u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335555/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
|
||
), so it was clearly able to fly.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003559FFEDFC5AFDA3FB8EFD4D" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[978,1102,622,647]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFC5AFDA3FB8EFD4D" box="[978,1102,622,647]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">F. newtonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also been identified from subfossil material discovered on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED76133559FFEDFD9BFD5CFDB2FD61" box="[531,626,657,683]" name="Réunion" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
and, because the two island populations are undifferentiated, Mourer- Chauviré
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFE8DFD7BFEFDFD05" box="[261,317,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1999) suggested that it still had the capability to fly between
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED76133559FFEDFC7DFD78FBA2FD05" box="[1013,1122,693,719]" name="Mauritius" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED76133559FFEDFB10FD78FB3AFD05" box="[1176,1274,693,719]" name="Réunion" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
, possibly until comparatively recent times.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833559FFEDFF46FD30FE05FB0D" blockId="55.[151,1437,153,1368]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
The extremely large pelvic and leg elements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003559FFEDFD6AFD33FC9EFCDD" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[738,862,766,791]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFD6AFD33FC9EFCDD" box="[738,862,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">F. newtonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, compared with the reduced pectoral and wing elements, are similar proportionately to the world’s largest coots, Chatham Island Coot
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003559FFEDFBCBFCEFFA5CFCF1" authority="Forbes, 1892 b" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1892" box="[1091,1436,801,827]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chathamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFBCBFCEFFB36FCF1" box="[1091,1270,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">F. chathamensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723559FFEDFB75FCECFA5CFCF1" author="Forbes, H. O." box="[1277,1436,801,827]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="416" refId="ref44945" refString="Forbes, H. O. (1892 b) New extinct rail. Nature, 45, 416. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 045416 d 0" type="journal article" year="1892">Forbes, 1892b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED76133559FFEDFF41FC88FEA2FC95" box="[201,354,837,863]" name="New Zealand" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
Coot
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003559FFEDFE24FC8BFD0FFC95" authority="Hamilton, 1893" authorityName="Hamilton" authorityYear="1893" box="[428,719,837,863]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prisca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFE24FC8BFDD0FC95" box="[428,528,838,863]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">F. prisca</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723559FFEDFD91FC88FD0FFC95" author="Hamilton, A." box="[537,719,837,863]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="88 - 106" refId="ref46714" refString="Hamilton, A. (1893) On the fissures and caves at Castle Rocks, Southland; with a description of the existing and extinct birds found in them. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 25, 88 - 106." type="journal article" year="1893">Hamilton, 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These coots had long necks, disproportionately long legs and toes, and an upright stance (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723559FFEDFE50FCA4FCCDFC49" author="Worthy, T. H. & Holdaway, R. N." box="[472,781,873,899]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref57956" refString="Worthy, T. H. & Holdaway, R. N. (2002) The lost world of the moa: Prehistoric life in New Zealand. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana, 755 pp." type="book" year="2002">Worthy & Holdaway 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723559FFEDFC91FCA4FBA4FC4E" author="Tennyson, A. J. D. & Martinson, P." box="[793,1124,873,900]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref56935" refString="Tennyson, A. J. D. & Martinson, P. (2006) Extinct birds of New Zealand. Te Papa Press, Wellington, 140 pp." type="book" year="2006">Tennyson & Martinson 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003559FFEDFAA1FCA4FA5CFC49" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1760" box="[1321,1436,873,899]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Porphyrio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFAA1FCA4FA5CFC49" box="[1321,1436,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Porphyrio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gallinules. This is in complete contrast to all other extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003559FFEDFC97FC40FCA8FC6D" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[799,872,909,935]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFC97FC40FCA8FC6D" box="[799,872,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fulica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are swimming birds with shorter legs, and is most likely a result of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED76133559FFEDFE5EFC7CFDACFC01" box="[470,620,945,971]" name="New Zealand" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
birds being more terrestrial (Worthy & Holloway 2002). The Mascarene Coot had a similar body shape with long neck and legs, which suggests that it was also probably more terrestrial. The relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003559FFEDFE0CFC37FDC1FBD9" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[388,513,1018,1043]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFE0CFC37FDC1FBD9" box="[388,513,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">F. newtonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unclear, but it is thought to be a derivative of the Eurasian Coot
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003559FFEDFA94FC34FE27FBFD" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFA94FC34FA5DFBD9" box="[1308,1437,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fulica atra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723559FFEDFF1FFBD0FE86FBFD" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[151,326,1052,1079]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref49504" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 10 th Ed., vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae (Stockholm), 823 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723559FFEDFED0FBD0FE1FFBFD" author="Olson, S. L." box="[344,479,1053,1079]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="357 - 363" refId="ref52862" refString="Olson, S. L. (1977) A synopsis on the fossil Rallidae. In: Dillon Ripley, S (Ed.), Rails of the World - A Monograph of the Family Rallidae. Codline, Boston, pp. 357 - 363." type="book chapter" year="1977">Olson 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or Red-knobbed Coot
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003559FFEDFD7BFBD3FBD0FBFD" authority="Gmelin, 1789" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1789" box="[755,1040,1053,1079]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFD7BFBD3FCA7FBFD" box="[755,871,1054,1079]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">F. cristata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723559FFEDFCF8FBD0FBD0FBFD" author="Gmelin, J. F." box="[880,1040,1053,1079]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref45622" refString="Gmelin, J. F. (1789) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 13 th Edition. Vol. 1. Pt. II. Georg Emanuel Beer, Lipsiae (Leipzig), 531 pp." type="book" year="1789">Gmelin, 1789</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED76133559FFEDFBB7FBD0FB06FBFD" box="[1087,1222,1053,1079]" name="Madagascar" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723559FFEDFB5FFBD0FED5FB91" author="Mourer-Chauvire, C. & Bour, R. & Ribes, S. & Moutou, F." pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref51576" refString="Mourer-Chauvire, C., Bour, R., Ribes, S. & Moutou, F. (1999) The avifauna of Reunion Island (Mascarene Islands) at the time of the arrival of the first Europeans. In: Olson, S. L (Ed.), Avian paleontology at the close of the 20 th Century: Proceedings of the 4 th International Meeting of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution. Washington, D. C., pp. 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810266.89.1" type="proceedings paper" year="1999">
|
||
Mourer-Chauviré
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFF1FFB8FFF11FB91" box="[151,209,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, due to the sister relationships of some other
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED76133559FFEDFC11FB8CFBE0FB91" box="[921,1056,1089,1115]" name="Madagascar" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
avian taxa, e.g.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED76133559FFEDFB55FB8CFAA4FB91" box="[1245,1380,1089,1115]" name="Madagascar" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
Teal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003559FFEDFF1FFBA8FE2CFB4A" authority="(Hartlaub 1860)" baseAuthorityName="Hartlaub" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[151,492,1125,1152]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Anas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bernieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFF1FFBA8FEF0FBB5" box="[151,304,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Anas bernieri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723559FFEDFEB7FBA8FE23FB4A" author="Hartlaub, G." box="[319,483,1125,1152]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="161 - 180" refId="ref46809" refString="Hartlaub, G. (1860) Systematische uebersicht der vogel Madagascar's. Journal fur Ornithologie, 3 (45), 161 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02015735" type="journal article" year="1860">Hartlaub 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Grey Teal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003559FFEDFD10FBA8FC7FFBB5" authority="Buller, 1869" authorityName="Buller" authorityYear="1869" box="[664,959,1125,1151]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Anas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFD10FBA8FCEEFBB5" box="[664,814,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Anas gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723559FFEDFCBCFBA8FC7FFBB5" author="Buller, W." box="[820,959,1125,1151]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="37 - 43" refId="ref42731" refString="Buller, W. (1869) On some new species of New-Zealand birds. Ibis, S 5, 17, 37 - 43. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1474 - 919 X. 1869. tb 07092. x" type="journal article" year="1869">Buller, 1869</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of Australasia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723559FFEDFBF8FBA8FAA1FBB5" author="Mitchell, K. J. & Wood, J. R. & Llamas, B. & Cooper, C." box="[1136,1377,1125,1151]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="420 - 428" refId="ref51233" refString="Mitchell, K. J., Wood, J. R., Scofield. R. P., Llamas, B. & Cooper, C. (2014 a) Ancient mitochondrial genome reveals unsuspected taxonomic affinity of the extinct Chatham duck (Pachyanas chathamica) and resolves divergence times for New Zealand and sub-Antarctic brown teals. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 70, 420 - 428. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.08.017" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Mitchell
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFB50FBABFACAFBB5" box="[1240,1290,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and Elephant birds
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003559FFEDFECCFB44FE76FB69" authorityName="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1850" box="[324,438,1161,1187]" class="Aves" family="Aepyornithidae" genus="Aepyornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aepyornithiformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFECCFB44FE76FB69" box="[324,438,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Aepyornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED76133559FFEDFD91FB44FD70FB69" box="[537,688,1161,1187]" name="New Zealand" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
kiwi
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003559FFEDFD7CFB44FC8BFB69" box="[756,843,1161,1187]" class="Aves" family="Apterygidae" genus="Apteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Struthioniformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFD7CFB44FC8BFB69" box="[756,843,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Apteryx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723559FFEDFC0CFB44FBBAFB6E" author="Mitchell, K. J. & Llamas, B. & Soubrier, J. & Rawlence, N. J. & Worthy, T. H. & Wood, J. & Lee, M. S. Y. & Cooper, A." box="[900,1146,1161,1188]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="898 - 900" refId="ref51320" refString="Mitchell, K. J., Llamas, B., Soubrier, J., Rawlence, N. J., Worthy, T. H., Wood, J., Lee, M. S. Y. & Cooper, A. (2014 b) Ancient DNA reveals elephant birds and kiwi are sister taxa and clarifies ratite bird evolution. Science, 344 (6186), 898 - 900. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 1251981" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Mitchell
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFC65FB47FBE0FB69" box="[1005,1056,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), an African or Malagasy origin may not be the case.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CEE065083559FFE1FF4FFB1CFADBFD4D" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833559FFEDFF4FFB1CFD83FA92" blockId="55.[151,1437,153,1368]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFF4FFB1CFEEFFB21" bold="true" box="[199,303,1233,1259]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Ecology:</emphasis>
|
||
Virtually nothing was recorded about the ecology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003559FFEDFC00FB1FFBC4FB21" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[904,1028,1234,1259]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFC00FB1FFBC4FB21" box="[904,1028,1234,1259]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">F. newtonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, other than it was universally called Poule d’eau (waterhen) and considered variably good to eat. François Martin (in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723559FFEDFBAAFB38FB33FAC5" author="Lougnon, A." box="[1058,1267,1269,1295]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref49860" refString="Lougnon, A. (1992) Sous le signe de la tortue Voyages anciens a I'lle Bourbon (1611 - 1725). Azalees Editions, Saint-Denis, 284 pp." type="book" year="1992">Lougnon 1992: 40</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) made the first mention in 1665 at Saint-Gilles on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED76133559FFEDFD93FAD4FDBDFAF9" box="[539,637,1305,1331]" name="Réunion" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
, recording the abundance of coots and other birds, and the ease at which they could be caught (my translation):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D285660B3559FFEDFF1FF86DFCB8F816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335555/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" startId="55.[151,250,1952,1977]" targetBox="[151,1435,1389,1932]" targetPageId="55">
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833559FFEDFF1FF86DFCB8F816" blockId="55.[151,1436,1952,2013]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFF1FF86DFEE0F873" bold="true" box="[151,288,1952,1977]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 34.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of sterna of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003559FFEDFDACF86DFD04F872" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[548,708,1952,1976]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFDACF86DFD04F872" box="[548,708,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fulica newtonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003559FFEDFD77F86CFC82F872" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[767,834,1953,1976]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFD77F86CFC82F872" box="[767,834,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">F. atra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (left) lateral view, (right) ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFB54F86DFB2EF873" bold="true" box="[1244,1262,1952,1977]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFB74F86DFACEF873" bold="true" box="[1276,1294,1952,1977]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C</emphasis>
|
||
. UMZC 298a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003559FFEDFF1FF809FECAF816" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,266,1988,2012]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFF1FF809FECAF816" box="[151,266,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fulica atra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
u/s;
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFEB3F809FE8CF816" bold="true" box="[315,332,1988,2012]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFED1F809FEABF816" bold="true" box="[345,363,1988,2012]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">D</emphasis>
|
||
. UMZC 298.aa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003559FFEDFD98F808FD40F816" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[528,640,1989,2012]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913559FFEDFD98F808FD40F816" box="[528,640,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">F. newtonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="D285660B3556FFE2FF1FF933FE48F824" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335557/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" startId="56.[151,250,1790,1815]" targetBox="[156,1431,181,1770]" targetPageId="56">
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833556FFE2FF1FF933FE48F824" blockId="56.[151,1436,1790,2031]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FF1FF933FEE1F8DD" bold="true" box="[151,289,1790,1815]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 35.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of wing, pelvic and leg elements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003556FFE2FC92F932FC7AF8DD" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[794,954,1791,1815]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FC92F932FC7AF8DD" box="[794,954,1791,1815]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fulica newtonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003556FFE2FC7DF8CDFBF9F8DD" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1013,1081,1792,1815]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FC7DF8CDFBF9F8DD" box="[1013,1081,1792,1815]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">F. atra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Radii, left side, ventral aspect,
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FA0CF933FA56F8DD" bold="true" box="[1412,1430,1790,1815]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">A</emphasis>
|
||
. MNHN MAD8856
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003556FFE2FEE8F8E9FE10F8F1" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[352,464,1828,1851]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FEE8F8E9FE10F8F1" box="[352,464,1828,1851]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">F. newtonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
u/s;
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FD8BF8EEFDD4F8F1" bold="true" box="[515,532,1827,1851]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">B</emphasis>
|
||
. NHMUK S/1988.60.1 ♂; ulnae, right side, ventral aspect,
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FBFBF8EFFB45F8F1" bold="true" box="[1139,1157,1826,1851]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">C</emphasis>
|
||
. UMZC 298.aa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003556FFE2FAA4F8E9FA5CF8F1" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[1324,1436,1828,1851]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FAA4F8E9FA5CF8F1" box="[1324,1436,1828,1851]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">F. newtonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
u/s;
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FF4BF88AFF15F895" bold="true" box="[195,213,1863,1887]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">D</emphasis>
|
||
. UMZC 298a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003556FFE2FEE5F88AFE21F895" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[365,481,1863,1887]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FEE5F88AFE21F895" box="[365,481,1863,1887]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fulica atra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
u/s; humeri, right side, caudal aspect,
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FCF8F88AFC41F895" bold="true" box="[880,897,1863,1887]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">E</emphasis>
|
||
. UMZC 298
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003556FFE2FB86F885FBBFF895" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[1038,1151,1864,1887]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FB86F885FBBFF895" box="[1038,1151,1864,1887]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">F. newtonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
u/s;
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FB3BF88AFB02F895" bold="true" box="[1203,1218,1863,1887]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">F</emphasis>
|
||
. UMZC 298a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003556FFE2FAD2F88AFF01F849" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FAD2F88AFF01F849" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fulica atra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
u/s; pelves, dorsal view,
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FE4DF8A7FE19F849" bold="true" box="[453,473,1898,1923]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">G</emphasis>
|
||
. UMZC 298.aa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003556FFE2FD08F8A1FD31F849" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[640,753,1900,1923]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FD08F8A1FD31F849" box="[640,753,1900,1923]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">F. newtonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
u/s;
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FCACF8A6FCF8F849" bold="true" box="[804,824,1899,1923]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">H</emphasis>
|
||
. UMZC 298a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003556FFE2FC46F8A6FB82F849" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[974,1090,1899,1923]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FC46F8A6FB82F849" box="[974,1090,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fulica atra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
u/s; left femora, cranial aspect,
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FA04F8A6FA56F849" bold="true" box="[1420,1430,1899,1923]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">I</emphasis>
|
||
. UMZC 298.aa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003556FFE2FEB8F85DFE60F86D" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[304,416,1936,1959]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FEB8F85DFE60F86D" box="[304,416,1936,1959]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">F. newtonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
u/s;
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FE59F842FE1EF86D" bold="true" box="[465,478,1935,1959]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">J</emphasis>
|
||
. UMZC 298a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003556FFE2FDF9F842FD24F86D" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[625,740,1935,1959]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FDF9F842FD24F86D" box="[625,740,1935,1959]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fulica atra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
u/s; left tibiotarsi, cranial aspect,
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FBB3F842FB8FF86D" bold="true" box="[1083,1103,1935,1959]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">K</emphasis>
|
||
. UMZC 1004
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003556FFE2FB6CF85DFA94F86D" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[1252,1364,1936,1959]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FB6CF85DFA94F86D" box="[1252,1364,1936,1959]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">F. newtonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
u/s;
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FA0DF842FA56F86D" bold="true" box="[1413,1430,1935,1959]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">L</emphasis>
|
||
. UMZC 298a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003556FFE2FEA8F87EFE53F801" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[288,403,1971,1995]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FEA8F87EFE53F801" box="[288,403,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fulica atra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
u/s; left tarsometatarsi, dorsal aspect,
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FC95F87EFCF5F801" bold="true" box="[797,821,1971,1995]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">M</emphasis>
|
||
. UMZC 298.aa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003556FFE2FC54F879FB8DF801" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[988,1101,1972,1995]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FC54F879FB8DF801" box="[988,1101,1972,1995]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">F. newtonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
u/s;
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FB08F87EFB52F801" bold="true" box="[1152,1170,1971,1995]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">N</emphasis>
|
||
. UMZC 298a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003556FFE2FAA1F87EFA5CF801" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1321,1436,1971,1995]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913556FFE2FAA1F87EFA5CF801" box="[1321,1436,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fulica atra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="D285660B3557FFE3FF1FF865FB52F82E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335559/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" startId="57.[151,250,1960,1985]" targetBox="[180,1407,181,1940]" targetPageId="57">
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833557FFE3FF1FF865FB52F82E" blockId="57.[151,1436,1960,2021]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913557FFE3FF1FF865FEE0F80B" bold="true" box="[151,288,1960,1985]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">FIGURE 36.</emphasis>
|
||
Juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003557FFE3FE0AF865FDE2F80A" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[386,546,1960,1984]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913557FFE3FE0AF865FDE2F80A" box="[386,546,1960,1984]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fulica newtonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
NHMUK u/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003557FFE3FD2BF865FCC8F80B" box="[675,776,1960,1985]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="showing">r showing</taxonomicName>
|
||
ontogenetic changes. Note the elements are nearly as large as an adult (far right), but the proximal ends are not ossified indicating subadult birds. Scale bar = 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833554FFE0FF4FFF54FDCBFE89" blockId="58.[151,1437,153,1511]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Various kinds of birds approached us, but so familiar that some even came to rest on our shoulders. The river basin was covered in geese and waterhens, and the depths full of fish. We had plenty of everything and of our choice, since a small baton was enough to kill parrots and other birds; that one could catch the pigs and goats by running [after them], and the geese and the waterhens allowed one to approach [so closely] as to almost take them by hand. We sent them all on board [ship].</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833554FFE0FF4FFE80FC0DFE46" blockId="58.[151,1437,153,1511]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
But when Martin returned from Fort-Dauphin,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED76133554FFE0FD68FE80FCA9FEAD" box="[736,873,333,359]" name="Madagascar" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, two years later in 1667, he noted the destructive carnage caused by the inhabitants (in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723554FFE0FDB5FEBCFCCFFE41" author="Lougnon, A." box="[573,783,369,395]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref49860" refString="Lougnon, A. (1992) Sous le signe de la tortue Voyages anciens a I'lle Bourbon (1611 - 1725). Azalees Editions, Saint-Denis, 284 pp." type="book" year="1992">Lougnon 1992: 43</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; my translation):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833554FFE0FF4FFE58FEBEFDA9" blockId="58.[151,1437,153,1511]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">When some of the vessels of the fleet [of marquis de Mondevergue] were forced to sail from the Mascarene island by the hurricane that surprised them there in February [1667], there remained many people left onshore, whom were to be picked up afterwards. During the time that these people stayed on the island, they created unbelievable commotion among the flocks, game and gardens. We saw neither geese nor waterhens on the Étang de St. Paul which was formerly covered in them, and one was obliged to go to three or four miles from the dwelling to find there goats and pigs.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833554FFE0FF4FFDA0FE93FD66" blockId="58.[151,1437,153,1511]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Carpeau du Saussay in 1666 (in Lougnon 2002: 51) further commented on the abundance of birds, and stated (my translation):</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833554FFE0FF4FFD78FC76FD39" blockId="58.[151,1437,153,1511]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">The birds are abundant and very familiar. Above all, we saw an infinity of turtle doves, pigeons, parrots, waterhens, geese and ducks; only sticks and stones were needed to kill them.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833554FFE0FF4FFD30FE01FCF6" blockId="58.[151,1437,153,1511]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
The account from the log of
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913554FFE0FD8FFD33FDB4FCDD" box="[519,628,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Le Breton</emphasis>
|
||
in 1671 (in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723554FFE0FD75FD30FC1BFCDD" author="Lougnon, A." box="[765,987,764,791]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref49860" refString="Lougnon, A. (1992) Sous le signe de la tortue Voyages anciens a I'lle Bourbon (1611 - 1725). Azalees Editions, Saint-Denis, 284 pp." type="book" year="1992">Lougnon 1992: 135</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) noted that the Mascarene coot was still abundant (my translation):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833554FFE0FF4FFC88FE86FC01" blockId="58.[151,1437,153,1511]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
There are plenty of fish, especially mullet and eels, as well as all kinds of river birds. This is admirable to see, also teals [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003554FFE0FECCFCA4FCC4FC49" authority="Newton & Gadow, 1893" authorityName="Newton & Gadow" authorityYear="1893" box="[324,772,872,899]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Anas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="theodori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913554FFE0FECCFCA4FE24FC49" box="[324,484,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Anas theodori</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723554FFE0FE64FCA4FCC4FC49" author="Newton, E. & Gadow, H." box="[492,772,872,899]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="281 - 302" refId="ref52495" refString="Newton, E. & Gadow, H. (1893) IX. On additional bones of the Dodo and other extinct birds of Mauritius obtained by Mr. Theodore Sauzier. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 13 (7), 281 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1893. tb 00001. x" type="journal article" year="1893">Newton & Gadow, 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] and wild geese [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED76133554FFE0FC42FCA4FBECFC49" box="[970,1068,873,899]" name="Réunion" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sheldgoose
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913554FFE0FB35FCA4FA5CFC49" box="[1213,1436,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Alopochen kervazoi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723554FFE0FF17FC40FE80FC6D" author="Cowles, G. S." box="[159,320,908,935]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="87 - 93" refId="ref43829" refString="Cowles, G. S. (1994) A new genus, three new species and two new records of extinct Holocene birds from Reunion Island, Indian Ocean. Geobios, 27, 87 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0016 - 6995 (06) 80215 - 9" type="journal article" year="1994">Cowles, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)] which are smaller than those of Europe. There are also good numbers of waterhens, but they are not good to eat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833554FFE0FF4FFC18FB88FBDE" blockId="58.[151,1437,153,1511]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Sieur
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723554FFE0FE82FC18FE29FC3A" author="Dubois" box="[266,489,981,1008]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref44308" refString="Dubois, [S.] (1674) Les voyages faits par le sieur D. B. aux Isles Dauphine ou Madagascar, et Bourbon, ou Mascarenne, es annees 1669, 70, 71 et 72. Dans laquelle il est curieusement trait du Cap Vert, de la ville de Surate, des isles de Sainte Helene, ou de l'Ascention. Ensemble les moeurs, religions, forces, gouvernemens et coutumes des habitans des dites isles, avec l'histoire naturelle du pais. Chez Claude Barbin, Paris, 243 pp." type="book" year="1674">Dubois (1674: 169)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who was on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED76133554FFE0FD0BFC18FD22FC25" box="[643,738,981,1007]" name="Réunion" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
from
|
||
<date id="F24410433554FFE0FCAFFC18FC6CFC25" box="[807,940,981,1007]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1671-03">March 1671</date>
|
||
–
|
||
<date id="F24410433554FFE0FC32FC18FB54FC25" box="[954,1172,981,1007]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1672-09-04">September 4, 1672</date>
|
||
, not only gave the only colour description, but also the last account of the coot on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED76133554FFE0FCAEFC34FC45FBD9" box="[806,901,1017,1043]" name="Réunion" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
(my translation):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833554FFE0FF4FFBD0FA96FBFD" blockId="58.[151,1437,153,1511]" box="[199,1366,1053,1079]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Waterhens, which are as large as fowls. They are always black, and have a large white crest on the head.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833554FFE0FF4FFB8CFD9FFBB5" blockId="58.[151,1437,153,1511]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
The ‘large white crest’ refers to the bare frontal shield that occurs in coot and gallinule genera, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003554FFE0FADBFB8CFA5CFB91" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1363,1436,1089,1115]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913554FFE0FADBFB8CFA5CFB91" box="[1363,1436,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fulica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723554FFE0FF17FBA8FEEDFBB5" author="Ripley, S. D." box="[159,301,1125,1151]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref54464" refString="Ripley, S. D. (1977) Rails of the world. Godine, Boston, 406 pp." type="book" year="1977">Ripley 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723554FFE0FEB0FBA8FD92FBB5" author="Taylor, B. & van Perlo, B." box="[312,594,1125,1151]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref56737" refString="Taylor, B. & van Perlo, B. (1998) Rails; a guide to the rails, crakes, gallinules and coots of the World. Robertsbridge, Pica Press, Sussex, 600 pp." type="book" year="1998">
|
||
Taylor &
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003554FFE0FE2DFBA8FD92FBB5" authority="Perlo 1998" authorityName="Perlo" authorityYear="1998" box="[421,594,1125,1151]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="van">van Perlo 1998</taxonomicName>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833554FFE0FF4FFB44FD44FB21" blockId="58.[151,1437,153,1511]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
The coot was first mentioned on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED76133554FFE0FDBDFB44FD62FB69" box="[565,674,1161,1187]" name="Mauritius" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
by a VOC (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie [Dutch East
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED76133554FFE0FAEBFB44FA5DFB69" box="[1379,1437,1161,1187]" name="India" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
Company]) book-keeper, Jacob Granaet, who arrived there on
|
||
<date id="F24410433554FFE0FCE3FB60FBC9FB0D" box="[875,1033,1197,1223]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1666-07-30">July 30, 1666</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723554FFE0FB93FB60FB08FB0D" author="Barnwell, P. J." box="[1051,1224,1197,1223]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref41858" refString="Barnwell, P. J. (1948) Visits and despatches 1598 - 1948. Standard Printing Establishment, Port Louis, Mauritius, 306 pp." type="book" year="1948">Barnwell 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723554FFE0FB5FFB60FF13FB26" author="Hume, J. P. & Winters, R." pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="812 - 822" refId="ref48663" refString="Hume, J. P. & Winters, R. (2016) Captive birds on Dutch Mauritius: bad-tempered parrots, warty pigeons and notes on other native animals. Historical Biology, 28 (6), 812 - 822. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2015.1036750" type="journal article" year="2016">Hume & Winters 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and noted (from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723554FFE0FE2AFB1CFDB7FB21" author="Barnwell, P. J." box="[418,631,1233,1259]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref41858" refString="Barnwell, P. J. (1948) Visits and despatches 1598 - 1948. Standard Printing Establishment, Port Louis, Mauritius, 306 pp." type="book" year="1948">Barnwell 1948: 42</bibRefCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833554FFE0FF4FFB38FB20FA55" blockId="58.[151,1437,153,1511]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Within the forests dwell parrots, turtle and other wild doves, mischievous and unusually large ravens [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003554FFE0FAB5FB38FEBDFAF9" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1866" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Lophopsittacus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mauritianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913554FFE0FAB5FB38FEBDFAF9" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Lophopsittacus mauritianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], falcons [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED76133554FFE0FE70FAD4FDA8FAF9" box="[504,616,1305,1331]" name="Mauritius" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
Kestrel
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003554FFE0FD44FAD4FB91FAF9" authority="Temminck, 1821" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1821" box="[716,1105,1304,1331]" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Falco" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913554FFE0FD44FAD4FC44FAF9" box="[716,900,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Falco punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723554FFE0FC05FAD4FB91FAF9" author="Temminck, C. J." box="[909,1105,1304,1331]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref56837" refString="Temminck, C. J. (1821) Nouveau recueil de planches colorieies d'oiseaux: pour servir de suite et de compleiment aux planches enlumineies de Buffon, eidition in-folio et in- 4 ° de l'Imprimerie royale, 1770. Vol. 1. F. G. Levrault, Paris, 235 pp." type="book" year="1821">Temminck, 1821</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], bats and other birds whose names I do not know, never having seen such before….Water-fowls such as geese [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED76133554FFE0FBA0FAF0FB58FA9D" box="[1064,1176,1341,1367]" name="Mauritius" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sheldgoose
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003554FFE0FAACFAF0FDEEFAB1" authority="Newton & Gadow, 1893" authorityName="Newton & Gadow" authorityYear="1893" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Alopochen" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mauritiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913554FFE0FAACFAF0FED3FAB1" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Alopochen mauritiana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723554FFE0FE92FAACFDEEFAB1" author="Newton, E. & Gadow, H." box="[282,558,1376,1403]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="281 - 302" refId="ref52495" refString="Newton, E. & Gadow, H. (1893) IX. On additional bones of the Dodo and other extinct birds of Mauritius obtained by Mr. Theodore Sauzier. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 13 (7), 281 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1893. tb 00001. x" type="journal article" year="1893">Newton & Gadow, 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], teals, waterhens and flamingos are found among the marshes, very numerous, especially the teals which are so tame they can be killed with sticks; all are fat and pleasant to eat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833554FFE0FF4FFA64FE36FA2D" blockId="58.[151,1437,153,1511]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
They were briefly mentioned again in 1666 by Pretorius, who had stayed on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED76133554FFE0FB91FA64FB46FA09" box="[1049,1158,1449,1475]" name="Mauritius" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
for three years (in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723554FFE0FAD0FA64FEA8FA2D" author="Hume, J. P. & Winters, R." pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="812 - 822" refId="ref48663" refString="Hume, J. P. & Winters, R. (2016) Captive birds on Dutch Mauritius: bad-tempered parrots, warty pigeons and notes on other native animals. Historical Biology, 28 (6), 812 - 822. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2015.1036750" type="journal article" year="2016">Hume & Winters 2016: 5</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and wrote:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833554FFE0FF4FF9D8FAAEF9E5" blockId="58.[199,1390,1556,1583]" box="[199,1390,1556,1583]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
…the teals [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003554FFE0FED8F9D8FE2EF9E5" authorityName="Newton & Gadow" authorityYear="1893" box="[336,494,1557,1583]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Anas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="theodori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913554FFE0FED8F9D8FE2EF9E5" box="[336,494,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Anas theodori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] and waterhens are always in the water, and all live together in peace and quiet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833554FFE0FF4FF990FD46F8E1" blockId="58.[151,1436,1629,2015]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
In reference to Pretorius’s remark about the Mascarene coots’ peaceful existence, even though flight must have been impaired to some degree, one of a pair of associated humeri is pathological and exhibits a serious, but healed fracture on the distal end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063554FFE0FE35F968FDD1F975" box="[445,529,1701,1727]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="59.[151,250,1634,1659]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,669,1615]" captionTargetId="figure@59.[151,1436,669,1615]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 37. Associated pair of humeri of Fulica newtonii (UMZC 298 u/s) showing pathological specimen with a healed fracture A, caudal aspect, C, cranial aspect, compared with normal specimen, B, D. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335561/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
). I have also seen similar healed wing injuries in subfossil remains of Echo Parakeet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003554FFE0FF46F904FD78F92E" authority="(Newton & Newton, 1876)" baseAuthorityName="Newton & Newton" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[206,696,1737,1764]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Psittacula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="echo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913554FFE0FF46F904FEBDF929" box="[206,381,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Psittacula echo</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723554FFE0FE05F904FD70F92E" author="Newton, A. & Newton, E." box="[397,688,1737,1764]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="281 - 289" refId="ref52298" refString="Newton, A. & Newton, E. (1876) On the Psittaci of the Mascarene Islands. Ibis, (S 3) 6, 281 - 289. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1474 - 919 X. 1876. tb 06925. x" type="journal article" year="1876">Newton & Newton, 1876</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Pink Pigeon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003554FFE0FC0CF907FA9EF929" authority="(Prevost & Knip, 1843)" baseAuthorityName="Prevost & Knip" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[900,1374,1737,1763]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Nesoenas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mayeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913554FFE0FC0CF907FB86F929" box="[900,1094,1738,1763]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Nesoenas mayeri</emphasis>
|
||
(Prévost & Knip, 1843)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This suggests that adult birds could recover from injuries that would likely have otherwise ended in premature death if predatory terrestrial mammals were present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833554FFE0FF4FF8F8FB68F8B9" blockId="58.[151,1436,1629,2015]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
The Mascarene Coot probably had similar habits to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003554FFE0FC9FF8FBFCA3F885" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[791,867,1846,1871]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913554FFE0FC9FF8FBFCA3F885" box="[791,867,1846,1871]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">F. atra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723554FFE0FC28F8F8FB7EF885" author="Taylor, B. & van Perlo, B." box="[928,1214,1845,1871]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref56737" refString="Taylor, B. & van Perlo, B. (1998) Rails; a guide to the rails, crakes, gallinules and coots of the World. Robertsbridge, Pica Press, Sussex, 600 pp." type="book" year="1998">
|
||
Taylor &
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003554FFE0FB87F8F8FB7EF885" authority="Perlo 1998" authorityName="Perlo" authorityYear="1998" box="[1039,1214,1845,1871]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="van">van Perlo 1998</taxonomicName>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), nesting in aquatic vegetation alongside water, and feeding on vegetable matter, aquatic seeds and invertebrates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833554FFE1FF4FF8B1FB38FDF5" blockId="58.[151,1436,1629,2015]" lastBlockId="59.[151,1437,153,647]" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913554FFE0FF4FF8B1FE8DF85D" bold="true" box="[199,333,1916,1943]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Extinction:</emphasis>
|
||
Despite their sometimes inadequate culinary qualities, both the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED76133554FFE0FB94F8B0FB49F85D" box="[1052,1161,1917,1943]" name="Mauritius" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
and, especially
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED76133554FFE0FAB5F8B0FA5CF85D" box="[1341,1436,1917,1943]" name="Réunion" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
populations of Mascarene Coot were heavily hunted. Martin, in 1665, recorded an abundance of coots on the Étang St. Paul on the northwest coast, the largest lake and one of the most densely human-populated areas on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED76133554FFE0FA81F808FAA8F815" box="[1289,1384,1989,2015]" name="Réunion" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
dur- ing the 17th century (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723555FFE1FE00FF54FDF2FF79" author="Lougnon, A." box="[392,562,153,179]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref49860" refString="Lougnon, A. (1992) Sous le signe de la tortue Voyages anciens a I'lle Bourbon (1611 - 1725). Azalees Editions, Saint-Denis, 284 pp." type="book" year="1992">Lougnon 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723555FFE1FDB6FF54FD35FF79" author="Blanchard, F." box="[574,757,153,179]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref42300" refString="Blanchard, F. (2000) Guide des milieux naturels, La Reunion-Maurice, Rodrigues. Ulmer, Paris, 384 pp." type="book" year="2000">Blanchard 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but when he returned two years later they had been hunted out. They were still recorded as numerous elsewhere until the early 1670s, but not mentioned again thereafter. Black rats were accidentally introduced after 1672, and reached plague proportions by 1676 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723555FFE1FBD3FF2CFA8DFF31" author="Cheke, A. S. & Hume, J. P." box="[1115,1357,225,251]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref43343" refString="Cheke, A. S. & Hume, J. P. (2008) Lost Land of the Dodo: an Ecological History of Mauritius, Reunion & Rodrigues. T. & A. D. Poyser, London, 464 pp. [reprinted 2011]" type="book" year="2008">Cheke & Hume 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723555FFE1FAD0FF2CFF13FED5" author="Hume, J. P." pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="195 - 237" refId="ref48084" refString="Hume, J. P. (2013) A synopsis of the pre-human avifauna of the Mascarene Islands. In: Gohlich, U. B. & Kroh, A. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 8 th International Meeting of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution. Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, pp. 195 - 237." type="book chapter" year="2013">Hume 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), so it is not known what effect, if any, they had on these birds, but the Mascarene Coot survived alongside rats on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED76133555FFE1FF61FEE4FE96FE89" box="[233,342,297,323]" name="Mauritius" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
for centuries (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723555FFE1FE7FFEE4FD41FE89" author="Hume, J. P." box="[503,641,297,323]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="195 - 237" refId="ref48084" refString="Hume, J. P. (2013) A synopsis of the pre-human avifauna of the Mascarene Islands. In: Gohlich, U. B. & Kroh, A. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 8 th International Meeting of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution. Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, pp. 195 - 237." type="book chapter" year="2013">Hume 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As cats were introduced in the 1680s (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723555FFE1FBB4FEE4FAF0FE89" author="Cheke, A. S. & Hume, J. P." box="[1084,1328,297,323]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref43343" refString="Cheke, A. S. & Hume, J. P. (2008) Lost Land of the Dodo: an Ecological History of Mauritius, Reunion & Rodrigues. T. & A. D. Poyser, London, 464 pp. [reprinted 2011]" type="book" year="2008">Cheke & Hume 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003555FFE1FF1FFE83FED2FEAD" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,274,334,359]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913555FFE1FF1FFE83FED2FEAD" box="[151,274,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">F. newtonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was confined to lowland wetlands, it is likely that over-hunting and later cat predation exterminated the species on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED76133555FFE1FE9CFEBCFEB3FE41" box="[276,371,369,395]" name="Réunion" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
at some point after 1672, as Feuilley (1705), who gave a detailed account about the avifauna, including the native waterbirds, failed to mention the coot during his visit in 1704. In 1710 and just 40 years after the first settlement, Antoine Boucher, the French East
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED76133555FFE1FD72FE74FCF4FE19" box="[762,820,441,467]" name="India" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
Company’s store keeper and treasurer, condemned the company’s management of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED76133555FFE1FE58FE10FDEFFE3D" box="[464,559,477,503]" name="Réunion" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the wanton slaughter of the fauna (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723555FFE1FC7CFE10FB2CFE3D" author="Cheke, A. S. & Hume, J. P." box="[1012,1260,477,503]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref43343" refString="Cheke, A. S. & Hume, J. P. (2008) Lost Land of the Dodo: an Ecological History of Mauritius, Reunion & Rodrigues. T. & A. D. Poyser, London, 464 pp. [reprinted 2011]" type="book" year="2008">Cheke & Hume 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723555FFE1FB71FE10FA50FE32" author="Hume, J. P." box="[1273,1424,477,504]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref48191" refString="Hume, J. P. (2014 b) Systematics, morphology, and ecological history of the Mascarene starlings (Aves: Sturnidae) with the description of a new genus and species from Mauritius. Zootaxa, 3849 (1), 1 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3849.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Hume 2014b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). He considered the settlers’ insatiable greed solely accountable for the faunal disappearance, and noted at the time of writing that almost all of the larger land birds, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003555FFE1FC9AFDEBFC4DFDF5" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[786,909,550,575]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Fulica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newtonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B48EEA913555FFE1FC9AFDEBFC4DFDF5" box="[786,909,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">F. newtonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were either extinct or nearly so.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="864536833555FFE1FF16FD84FADBFD4D" blockId="59.[151,1437,153,647]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
The Mascarene Coot was last mentioned in 1693 on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FEED76133555FFE1FD65FD84FC9AFDA9" box="[749,858,585,611]" name="Mauritius" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
when it was considered rare (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723555FFE1FB21FD84FAFAFDA9" author="Leguat, F." box="[1193,1338,585,611]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref49413" refString="Leguat, F. (1708) Voyages et Avantures de Francois Leguat & de ses Compagnons, en Deux Isles Desertes des Indes Orientales. Jean Louis de Lorme, Amsterdam, 180 pp. [Leguat's voyages was also published in English (1708), Dutch (1708) and German (1709)]" type="book" year="1708">Leguat 1708</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), so presumably it succumbed to feral cat predation shortly thereafter, as did the other Mauritian endemic rails.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |