214 lines
22 KiB
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214 lines
22 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1154-49" ID-Pensoft-UUID="E4F41DD1A11059DAB4A979F00E85D50F" ID-ZooBank="4E410C2ACC03438F8AC7C5370819DE6C" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1154-49" checkinTime="1679436496911" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wu, Min, Shen, Wang & Chen, Zhong-Guang" docDate="2023" docId="086CA1D608585F29BEB167E8DB90E77E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1154: 49-147" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1154" docPubDate="2023-03-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237" docTitle="Laeocathaica pewzowi Moellendorff 1899" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="E4F41DD1A11059DAB4A979F00E85D50F" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="E4F41DD1A11059DAB4A979F00E85D50F" masterDocTitle="Land snail diversity in central China: revision of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 (Gastropoda, Camaenidae), with descriptions of seven new species" masterLastPageNumber="147" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1679436496911" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Land snail diversity in central China: revision of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 (Gastropoda, Camaenidae), with descriptions of seven new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wu, Min</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5434-5544</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">minwu1969@aliyun.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Shen, Wang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chen, Zhong-Guang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-3321</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Center for Watershed Ecology, Institute of Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-03-20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1154</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>49</mods:start>
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<mods:end>147</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1154-49</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">4E410C2ACC03438F8AC7C5370819DE6C</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">E4F41DD1A11059DAB4A979F00E85D50F</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:086CA1D608585F29BEB167E8DB90E77E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/086CA1D608585F29BEB167E8DB90E77E" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="7RSP7" LSID="086CA1D6-0858-5F29-BEB1-67E8DB90E77E" authority="Moellendorff, 1899" authorityName="Moellendorff" authorityYear="1899" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Laeocathaica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laeocathaica pewzowi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pewzowi">
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Laeocathaica pewzowi
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
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, 1899
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827345" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Distribution map of Laeocathaica dityla Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899 (white dots), L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots), L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899 (yellow dots), L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899 (red dots), and L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots). Range of the map is defined by the rectangle in the thumbnail." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827346" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. A Laeocathaica leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899, SMF 9073, lectotype B, C L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899 B SMF 8954, holotype C HBUMM 08430 - spec. 1 D L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, SMF 9084, lectotype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827362" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 19D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, ZIN RAS No. 4, " Aegista pewzowi Schalf. " A general view B left view of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens. Asterisk * indicates the opening of proximal accessory sac." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827364" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 21</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 00069 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 a-spec. 1, general view D L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05433 - spec. 1 E L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08430 - spec. 1 F L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, ZIN RAS No. 4, " Aegista pewzowi Schalf. " G, H L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 06640 - spec. 1, holotype G general view H proximal part. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827385" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 42F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="F47" captionText="Figure 47. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica odophora Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08430 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 08439 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08446, paratype, subadult E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08452 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08453 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 - spec. 2, paratype, juvenile K protoconch L teleoconch." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827390" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 47G, H</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Moellendorff" authorityYear="1899" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Laeocathaica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laeocathaica pewzowi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pewzowi">Laeocathaica pewzowi</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
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, 1899: 98, pl. 6, fig. 4, 4a; -
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<bibRefCitation author="Sturany, R" journalOrPublisher="Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="17 - 48" refId="B59" refString="Sturany, R, 1900. Obrutschew's Mollusken-Ausbeute aus Hochasien. Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 70: 17 - 48" title="Obrutschew's Mollusken-Ausbeute aus Hochasien." volume="70" year="1900">Sturany 1900</bibRefCitation>
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: 22, pl. 2, figs 25-28; -
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<bibRefCitation author="Wiegmann, F" journalOrPublisher="- Petersburg" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 186" refId="B63" refString="Wiegmann, F, 1900. Binnen-Mollusken aus Westchina und Centralasien. Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l'Academie Imperiale des St. -Petersburg 5: 1 - 186" title="Binnen-Mollusken aus Westchina und Centralasien. Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l'Academie Imperiale des St." volume="5" year="1900">Wiegmann 1900</bibRefCitation>
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: 115, pl. 3, fig. 104; -
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<bibRefCitation author="Moellendorff, OF" journalOrPublisher="- Petersburg" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="299 - 412" refId="B25" refString="Moellendorff, OF, 1901. Binnen-Mollusken aus Westchina und Centralasien. II. Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l'Academie Imperiale des St. -Petersburg 6: 299 - 412" title="Binnen-Mollusken aus Westchina und Centralasien. II. Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l'Academie Imperiale des St." volume="6" year="1901">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
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1901
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 302; -
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<bibRefCitation author="Gude, GK" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Malacology" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 11" refId="B16" refString="Gude, GK, 1902. A Classified list of the helicoid land shells of Asia. Journal of Malacology 9: 1 - 11" title="A Classified list of the helicoid land shells of Asia." volume="9" year="1902">Gude 1902</bibRefCitation>
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: 6; -
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<bibRefCitation author="Yen, TC" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 234" refId="B80" refString="Yen, TC, 1939. Die chinesischen Land- und suesswasser-Gastropoden des Natur-Museums Senckenberg. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 444: 1 - 234" title="Die chinesischen Land- und suesswasser-Gastropoden des Natur-Museums Senckenberg." volume="444" year="1939">Yen 1939</bibRefCitation>
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: 150, pl. 15, fig. 40; -
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<bibRefCitation author="Schileyko, AA" journalOrPublisher="Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="1627 - 1763" refId="B56" refString="Schileyko, AA, 2004. Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, Part 12. Bradybaenidae, Xanthonychidae, Epiphragmophoridae, Helminthoglyptidae, Elonidae, Sphincterochilidae, Cochlicellidae. Ruthenica. Supplement 2 (12): 1627 - 1763" title="Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, Part 12. Bradybaenidae, Xanthonychidae, Epiphragmophoridae, Helminthoglyptidae, Elonidae, Sphincterochilidae, Cochlicellidae. Ruthenica." volume="2" year="2004">Schileyko 2004</bibRefCitation>
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: 1686, fig. 2174A; - Chen and Gao 2004: 329, fig. 320 (an erroneous figure that should be a
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Moellendorff" authorityYear="1899" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Laeocathaica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laeocathaica odophora" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="odophora">Laeocathaica odophora</taxonomicName>
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); -
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77408" author="Pall-Gergely, B" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="33 - 76" refId="B46" refString="Pall-Gergely, B, Hunyadi, A, Meng, K, Fekete, J, 2022. A review of the genus Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Camaenidae). ZooKeys 1086: 33 - 76, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77408" title="A review of the genus Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Camaenidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77408" volume="1086" year="2022">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Páll-Gergely">Pall-Gergely</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2022
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 67, fig. 23C, D.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Moellendorff" authorityYear="1899" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Laeocathaica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laeocathaica (Laeocathaica) pewzowi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pewzowi" subGenus="Laeocathaica">Laeocathaica (Laeocathaica) pewzowi</taxonomicName>
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-
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<bibRefCitation author="Zilch, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" refId="B85" refString="Zilch, A, 1968. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Senckenberg, 41. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 98(3/4): 155-212." title="Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Senckenberg, 41. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 98 (3 / 4): 155 - 212." year="1968">Zilch 1968</bibRefCitation>
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: 174; -
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<bibRefCitation author="Richardson, L" journalOrPublisher="9, Bradybaenidae: Catalog of species" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" refId="B52" refString="Richardson, L, 1983. Miscellaneous Publications of the Department of Malacology of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, No. 9, Bradybaenidae: Catalog of species" title="Miscellaneous Publications of the Department of Malacology of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, No." year="1983">Richardson 1983</bibRefCitation>
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: 78.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Museum material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<materialsCitation accessionNumber="SMF 24268" collectingDate="1885-09-08" collectorName="Slg. O. v. Moellendorff., Hung-dan, Wen-hsien, Slg. O. v. Moellendorff, Berezowski., No., Potanin" determinerName="Moellendorff." specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
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SMF 9084,
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<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
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; Wen-hsien, S-Gansu; Potanin 248, 661, 793,
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<collectorName>
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Slg. O. v.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
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.
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</collectorName>
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SMF 9085,
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<typeStatus>paratypes</typeStatus>
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, four fms; same data as lectotype.
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<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/SMF24268">SMF 24268</accessionNumber>
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,
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<collectorName>Hung-dan</collectorName>
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(= Hengdan) b.
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<collectorName>Wen-hsien</collectorName>
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;
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<collectorName>
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Slg. O. v.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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, ex
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<collectorName>Berezowski.</collectorName>
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ZIN RAS
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<collectorName>No.</collectorName>
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4, "
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Aegista" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aegista pewzowi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pewzowi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Aegista pewzowi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Schalf." 2 fma, locality unknown, coll.
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<collectorName>Potanin</collectorName>
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,
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<collectingDate value="1885-09-08">1885-IX-8</collectingDate>
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, det.
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<determinerName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
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.
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</determinerName>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827364" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 21" startId="F21">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 21.</emphasis>
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Genital anatomy of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Moellendorff" authorityYear="1899" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Laeocathaica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laeocathaica pewzowi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pewzowi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Laeocathaica pewzowi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
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, 1899, ZIN RAS No. 4, "
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Aegista" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aegista pewzowi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pewzowi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Aegista pewzowi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Schalf."
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
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general view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
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left view of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations:
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<collectingCountry name="American Samoa">AS</collectingCountry>
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- accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens. Asterisk * indicates the opening of proximal accessory sac.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">New material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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HBUMM08452, 1 fms and 4 juvs, Shangdezhen [尚德镇], Wenxian, Gansu Province, near point (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="32.907414" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="32.907413">32.907414°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="104.76994" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="104.76994">104.76994°E</geoCoordinate>
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);
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<date bridgedPair="-" value="2020-08">2020-VIII</date>
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, coll. Chen, Z.-G.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Gansu: Wenxian (type locality).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="additional information of shell">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Additional information of shell.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Protoconch is smooth and has no granules, perhaps caused by erosion or weathering. Teleoconch has rough ribs between which fine threads are present. Spiral grooves are absent throughout.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="general anatomy">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">General anatomy.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Head with flat but distinct eversible head wart. Jaw arcuate, with four projecting ribs.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="anatomy of genital organs">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Anatomy of genital organs.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Penial sheath covering ~ 1/9 of penis. Penis tubular and distally thicker. Inside penis, ~ 4 high parallel pilasters on proximal 2/3, at proximal ~ 1/4 two weak pilasters fusing into one Y-shaped fork. Fine pilasters on distal end of penis merging into ~ 7 thin or thick folds. Vas deferens narrow throughout. Vagina between atrium and dart sac not elongated. Vagina between dart sac and insertion of bursa copulatrix duct ~ 1/2 length of dart sac. Dart sac ~ 2/5 length of penis. Accessory sac tiny, internally solid, inserting into dart sac at middle part, opening to dart chamber. Mucous glands four, each singly tubular or simply branched. Proximal accessory sacs two, of similar size and symmetrical, apically separated and ventrally touching, each distally with an opening leading to proximal dart chamber. Bursa copulatrix duct of even diameter. Bursa copulatrix long-ovate.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">The species has the most common pattern of the dart sac apparatus of the genus, i.e., two equally- sized and ventrally touching proximal accessory sacs, each with an opening leading to the dart chamber; this has been observed in ten of the 21 species anatomically studied herein. This species can be immediately recognized by its particular shell morphology.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |