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<mods:title id="15DDBA668330F4EE0C791901B3D1A0C1">Molecular and morphological notes on Opuntia ser. Streptacanthae (Cactaceae)</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCC0314559DFB78FED6CEC7" bold="true" box="[136,372,1238,1265]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Opuntia lasiacantha</emphasis>
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(designated by 
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Scheinvar 
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. 2010: 280
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): 
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. 
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, 
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&amp; 
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1857
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(
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<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCC0314559DFAC8FE9ACFB6" bold="true" box="[136,312,1382,1408]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description:—</emphasis>
Arborescent 
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2.0–3.0 m high (
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). Defined 
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of 
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in diameter, slightly grayish scaly bark with light brown tones (
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). Glabrous 
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(
<figureCitation id="13536D87FFCC03145671FA24FC69CF92" box="[868,971,1418,1444]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[136,229,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox="[166,1427,204,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[151,1436,190,1639]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Opuntia lasiacantha. A. Epidermal cells of the middle part of the thorn, continuous cells without fissures between the cells and with rugose texture. B. Epidermal cells of the apical part of the thorn. C. Glabrous epidermis. D. Irregular epidermal cells, paracytic stoma. E. Polyhedron-shaped pollen grain, pantoaperturate. F. Approach to a pore, warty walls." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7440914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7440914/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
). Oblanceolate to obovate 
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, 
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long x 
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wide, green in color, covered with a layer of wax (
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). 
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arranged in 11–12 series, 
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spacing between series, 
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spacing between elliptical areolas, 0.4 × 
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, short black trichomes (
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). Short yellow 
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(
<quantity id="4C90DCE7FFCC031454DFFA58FDBECC26" box="[458,540,1526,1552]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="0.2">0.2 cm</quantity>
), arranged at the top of the areola. 1–4 yellowish white, rigid, cylindrical 
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCC0314504EFA58FA06CC26" bold="true" box="[1371,1444,1526,1552]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">spines</emphasis>
, some twisted, erect, and diffuse, unequal 
<quantity id="4C90DCE7FFCC03145775F9B4FD7CCC03" box="[608,734,1562,1589]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8499999999999999" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="1.8499999999999999" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="0.4">0.4–3.3 cm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="13536D87FFCC0314563CF9B4FC22CC02" box="[809,896,1562,1588]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[136,229,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[171,1412,212,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-24@12.[151,1436,190,1821]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Opuntia lasiacantha. A. Obovate cladode. B. Elliptical areola, short black trichomes. C. Erect and diffuse yellowish white spines. D. Acute flower buds, red segments of perianth with acuminate apex. E. Flower button, side view, slightly cylindrical pericarpel. F. Flower in anthesis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7440906" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7440906/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
) with yellow apex. 
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCC03145171F9B4FA95CC02" bold="true" box="[1124,1335,1562,1588]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Juvenile cladodes</emphasis>
with very prominent tubers, areolas with short yellowish trichomes, subulate, erect, green leaves with slightly uncinate reddish apex (
<figureCitation id="13536D87FFCC031455DFF9CCFE83CC4A" box="[202,289,1634,1660]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[136,229,1615,1637]" captionTargetBox="[168,1419,204,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[151,1436,190,1591]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Opuntia lasiacantha. A. Arborescent habit, 2 m high. B. Defined trunk, slightly grayish scaly bark with light brown tones. C. Juvenile cladode with prominent tubers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7440902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7440902/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
). Acute 
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCC0314546FF9CCFDA7CC4A" bold="true" box="[378,517,1634,1660]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">flower buds</emphasis>
, reddish perianth segments with acuminate apex, slightly cylindrical pericarpel, very marked and elevated tubers, areolas with short brown to black trichomes, yellow glochids and areolas with generally yellow bristles and small brown shades (
<figureCitation id="13536D87FFCC03145770F904FC82CCF2" box="[613,800,1706,1732]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[136,229,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[171,1412,212,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-24@12.[151,1436,190,1821]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Opuntia lasiacantha. A. Obovate cladode. B. Elliptical areola, short black trichomes. C. Erect and diffuse yellowish white spines. D. Acute flower buds, red segments of perianth with acuminate apex. E. Flower button, side view, slightly cylindrical pericarpel. F. Flower in anthesis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7440906" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7440906/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 8D and 8E</figureCitation>
). Yellow 
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCC03145684F904FC4ACCF2" bold="true" box="[913,1000,1706,1732]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">flowers</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13536D87FFCC031456EEF904FBF1CCF2" box="[1019,1107,1706,1732]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[136,229,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[171,1412,212,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-24@12.[151,1436,190,1821]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Opuntia lasiacantha. A. Obovate cladode. B. Elliptical areola, short black trichomes. C. Erect and diffuse yellowish white spines. D. Acute flower buds, red segments of perianth with acuminate apex. E. Flower button, side view, slightly cylindrical pericarpel. F. Flower in anthesis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7440906" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7440906/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
), 
<quantity id="4C90DCE7FFCC0314517EF904FB47CCF3" box="[1131,1253,1706,1733]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.75" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="9.75" valueMax="10.5" valueMin="9.0">9–10.5 cm</quantity>
long, cylindrical pericarp, ca. 6.0 × 
<quantity id="4C90DCE7FFCC0314544CF960FE0ACCDF" box="[345,424,1742,1769]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
, areolas arranged in 6–7 series, 
<quantity id="4C90DCE7FFCC03145618F960FCC5CCDF" box="[781,871,1742,1769]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="0.42">0.42 cm</quantity>
spacing between them, with crass basal scale, outer obovate segments of perianth, acuminate apex, smooth yellow edges, with medium reddish striation, reddish apex, inner obovate segments, emarginated apex, upper yellow edges generally smooth, stamens 1/3 of the length of the perianth, white filaments, white-yellowish anthers, slightly cylindrical style with white with pink tones, ca. 
<quantity id="4C90DCE7FFCC03145020F894FACECD63" box="[1333,1388,1850,1877]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
long, usually eleven green papillary lobes of the stigma, ca. 
<quantity id="4C90DCE7FFCC031457FBF8F0FC98CD4F" box="[750,826,1886,1913]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="0.6">0.6 cm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="13536D87FFCC03145691F8F0FC7FCD4E" box="[900,989,1886,1912]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[136,229,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[156,1437,206,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[138,1449,190,1868]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Opuntia lasiacantha. A. Side view of flower. B. Longitudinal cut of the flower, white filaments, and white-yellowish anthers, white with pink slightly cylindrical style, eleven green lobes of stigma. C. Elliptical fruit. D. Longitudinal cut of the fruit, orange red funicles. E. Circular areola of the fruit with short trichomes, yellow glochids. F. Kidney shaped seed with irregular lateral aril." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7440908" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7440908/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
). Pyriform to elliptical red 
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCC03145005F8F0FAF3CD4E" bold="true" box="[1296,1361,1886,1912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">fruits</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13536D87FFCC03145075F8F0FF0ECDAA" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[136,229,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[156,1437,206,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[138,1449,190,1868]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Opuntia lasiacantha. A. Side view of flower. B. Longitudinal cut of the flower, white filaments, and white-yellowish anthers, white with pink slightly cylindrical style, eleven green lobes of stigma. C. Elliptical fruit. D. Longitudinal cut of the fruit, orange red funicles. E. Circular areola of the fruit with short trichomes, yellow glochids. F. Kidney shaped seed with irregular lateral aril." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7440908" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7440908/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 9C</figureCitation>
), 8.0– 
<quantity id="4C90DCE7FFCC031455E3F82CFEE7CDAB" box="[246,325,1922,1949]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="9.3">9.3 cm</quantity>
long, slightly sunken floral striated scar, large areolas with short, black, semicircular to circular trichomes (
<figureCitation id="13536D87FFCC03145413F808FEFECDF6" box="[262,348,1958,1984]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[136,229,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[156,1437,206,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[138,1449,190,1868]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Opuntia lasiacantha. A. Side view of flower. B. Longitudinal cut of the flower, white filaments, and white-yellowish anthers, white with pink slightly cylindrical style, eleven green lobes of stigma. C. Elliptical fruit. D. Longitudinal cut of the fruit, orange red funicles. E. Circular areola of the fruit with short trichomes, yellow glochids. F. Kidney shaped seed with irregular lateral aril." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7440908" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7440908/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
), arranged in 6–7 series, 
<quantity id="4C90DCE7FFCC03145761F808FD62CDF7" box="[628,704,1958,1985]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity>
spacing from each other and 
<quantity id="4C90DCE7FFCC0314511EF808FBF5CDF7" box="[1035,1111,1958,1985]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="1.4">1.4 cm</quantity>
between series, absent spines, yellow glochids, orange-red juicy and sweet funicles (
<figureCitation id="13536D87FFCC031457FFF864FCE6CDD2" box="[746,836,1994,2020]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[136,229,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[156,1437,206,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[138,1449,190,1868]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Opuntia lasiacantha. A. Side view of flower. B. Longitudinal cut of the flower, white filaments, and white-yellowish anthers, white with pink slightly cylindrical style, eleven green lobes of stigma. C. Elliptical fruit. D. Longitudinal cut of the fruit, orange red funicles. E. Circular areola of the fruit with short trichomes, yellow glochids. F. Kidney shaped seed with irregular lateral aril." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7440908" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7440908/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
). Kidney shaped 
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCC0314511DF864FB99CDD2" bold="true" box="[1032,1083,1994,2020]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">seed</emphasis>
with irregular lateral aril, lateral thread-micropillar region, microphile and funiculus included (
<figureCitation id="13536D87FFCC0314562AF840FC36C23E" box="[831,916,2030,2056]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[136,229,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[156,1437,206,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[138,1449,190,1868]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Opuntia lasiacantha. A. Side view of flower. B. Longitudinal cut of the flower, white filaments, and white-yellowish anthers, white with pink slightly cylindrical style, eleven green lobes of stigma. C. Elliptical fruit. D. Longitudinal cut of the fruit, orange red funicles. E. Circular areola of the fruit with short trichomes, yellow glochids. F. Kidney shaped seed with irregular lateral aril." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7440908" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7440908/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF17218AFFCD0315559DF821FBE9CDDB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7440892" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7440892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7440892/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[136,229,1935,1957]" targetBox="[162,1423,203,1896]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BD77102FFCD0315559DF821FBE9CDDB" blockId="9.[136,1451,1935,2029]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCD0315559DF821FEA2CD92" bold="true" box="[136,256,1935,1957]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C680A81FFCD0315541DF821FE76CD92" authorityName="Salm-Dyck" authorityYear="1834" box="[264,468,1935,1956]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Opuntia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacantha">
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCD0315541DF821FE76CD92" box="[264,468,1935,1956]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Opuntia megacantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCD031554F6F821FE58CD92" bold="true" box="[483,506,1935,1956]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A.</emphasis>
Flower side view. 
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCD031557ACF821FD6DCD92" bold="true" box="[697,719,1935,1956]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B.</emphasis>
Flower longitudinal cut, white filaments with yellowish tones and yellow anthers, white cuneiform style, ten green stigma lobes. 
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCD031557B7F81DFD1BCDFF" bold="true" box="[674,697,1971,1993]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C.</emphasis>
Elliptical fruit. 
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCD03155640F81DFCCFCDFE" bold="true" box="[853,877,1971,1992]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">D.</emphasis>
Longitudinal cut of the fruit, red funicles. 
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCD0315501AF81DFA87CDFE" bold="true" box="[1295,1317,1971,1992]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E.</emphasis>
Areola of the fruit, circular with long trichomes, brown gloquids. 
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCD0315576EF879FD2FCDDA" bold="true" box="[635,653,2007,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">F.</emphasis>
Kidney shaped seed with irregular lateral aril.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF17218AFFCE0316559DF9D0FD5FCCEB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7440894" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7440894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7440894/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[136,229,1662,1684]" targetBox="[165,1424,201,1624]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BD77102FFCE0316559DF9D0FD5FCCEB" blockId="10.[136,1452,1662,1757]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCE0316559DF9D0FF5ECCA2" bold="true" box="[136,252,1662,1684]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C680A81FFCE03165414F9D1FE68CCA2" authorityName="Salm-Dyck" authorityYear="1834" box="[257,458,1663,1684]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Opuntia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacantha">
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCE03165414F9D1FE68CCA2" box="[257,458,1663,1684]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Opuntia megacantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCE031654C0F9D0FE4ECCA5" bold="true" box="[469,492,1662,1683]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A.</emphasis>
Epidermal cells of the middle part of the thorn, with fissures between the cells and smooth texture. 
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCE03165080F9D1FA0ECCA2" bold="true" box="[1429,1452,1663,1684]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B.</emphasis>
Epidermal cells of the apical part of the thorn. 
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCE03165755F90CFDF5CC8E" bold="true" box="[576,599,1698,1720]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C.</emphasis>
Glabrous epidermis. 
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCE03165636F90DFC98CC8E" bold="true" box="[803,826,1699,1720]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">D.</emphasis>
Irregular epidermal cells, tetracytic stoma. 
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCE031651C2F90DFB4FCC8E" bold="true" box="[1239,1261,1699,1720]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E.</emphasis>
Polyhedron-shaped pollen grain, pantoaperturate. 
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCE031654BCF969FE1ACCEA" bold="true" box="[425,440,1735,1756]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">F</emphasis>
. Approach to a pore, warty walls.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD77102FFCE031655A8F8A5FE98CDEF" blockId="10.[136,1452,1803,2081]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCE031655A8F8A5FE1ECD13" bold="true" box="[189,444,1803,1829]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Micromorphology:—</emphasis>
Thornswith lignified epidermal cells 12.72 ± 1.4 × 3.95 ± 2.3 μm in the distal part (
<figureCitation id="13536D87FFCE0316506BF8A5FF18CD7F" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[136,229,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox="[166,1427,204,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[151,1436,190,1639]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Opuntia lasiacantha. A. Epidermal cells of the middle part of the thorn, continuous cells without fissures between the cells and with rugose texture. B. Epidermal cells of the apical part of the thorn. C. Glabrous epidermis. D. Irregular epidermal cells, paracytic stoma. E. Polyhedron-shaped pollen grain, pantoaperturate. F. Approach to a pore, warty walls." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7440914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7440914/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
), 75.11 ± 1.10 × 8.89 ± 1.7 μm, continuous epidermal cells and rough texture, in the middle part (
<figureCitation id="13536D87FFCE03165021F881FA3DCD7F" box="[1332,1439,1839,1865]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[136,229,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox="[166,1427,204,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[151,1436,190,1639]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Opuntia lasiacantha. A. Epidermal cells of the middle part of the thorn, continuous cells without fissures between the cells and with rugose texture. B. Epidermal cells of the apical part of the thorn. C. Glabrous epidermis. D. Irregular epidermal cells, paracytic stoma. E. Polyhedron-shaped pollen grain, pantoaperturate. F. Approach to a pore, warty walls." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7440914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7440914/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
). Glabrous epidermis, irregular epidermal cells (
<figureCitation id="13536D87FFCE03165782F8FDFD5ECD5B" box="[663,764,1875,1901]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[136,229,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox="[166,1427,204,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[151,1436,190,1639]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Opuntia lasiacantha. A. Epidermal cells of the middle part of the thorn, continuous cells without fissures between the cells and with rugose texture. B. Epidermal cells of the apical part of the thorn. C. Glabrous epidermis. D. Irregular epidermal cells, paracytic stoma. E. Polyhedron-shaped pollen grain, pantoaperturate. F. Approach to a pore, warty walls." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7440914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7440914/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
) and paracytic stomas (
<figureCitation id="13536D87FFCE0316511DF8FDFBD0CD5B" box="[1032,1138,1875,1901]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[136,229,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox="[166,1427,204,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[151,1436,190,1639]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Opuntia lasiacantha. A. Epidermal cells of the middle part of the thorn, continuous cells without fissures between the cells and with rugose texture. B. Epidermal cells of the apical part of the thorn. C. Glabrous epidermis. D. Irregular epidermal cells, paracytic stoma. E. Polyhedron-shaped pollen grain, pantoaperturate. F. Approach to a pore, warty walls." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7440914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7440914/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
). Polyhedron-shaped pollen grain, pantoaperturate (
<figureCitation id="13536D87FFCE0316549EF8D9FE4CCDA7" box="[395,494,1911,1937]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[136,229,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox="[166,1427,204,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[151,1436,190,1639]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Opuntia lasiacantha. A. Epidermal cells of the middle part of the thorn, continuous cells without fissures between the cells and with rugose texture. B. Epidermal cells of the apical part of the thorn. C. Glabrous epidermis. D. Irregular epidermal cells, paracytic stoma. E. Polyhedron-shaped pollen grain, pantoaperturate. F. Approach to a pore, warty walls." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7440914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7440914/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 10E</figureCitation>
), 105.10 ± 1.50 μm in diameter, 8327.73 μm 
<quantity id="4C90DCE7FFCE031656CCF8D6FC5CCDA7" box="[985,1022,1911,1939]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="in" value="2.0">² in</quantity>
area, 15.30 ± 1.1 μm distance between each distal opening (pores), with a diameter of 20.15 ± 1.50 μm, 16–18 pores with walls of 2.46 ± 0.04 μm width and wart (
<figureCitation id="13536D87FFCE031655DCF811FE8FCDEF" box="[201,301,1983,2009]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[136,229,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox="[166,1427,204,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[151,1436,190,1639]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Opuntia lasiacantha. A. Epidermal cells of the middle part of the thorn, continuous cells without fissures between the cells and with rugose texture. B. Epidermal cells of the apical part of the thorn. C. Glabrous epidermis. D. Irregular epidermal cells, paracytic stoma. E. Polyhedron-shaped pollen grain, pantoaperturate. F. Approach to a pore, warty walls." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7440914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7440914/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 10F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD77102FFCE031655A8F84DFE2CC217" blockId="10.[136,1452,1803,2081]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCE031655A8F84DFE1ECDCB" bold="true" box="[189,444,2019,2045]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Vernacular names:—</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCE031654A8F84DFD69CDCB" box="[445,715,2019,2045]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C680A81FFCE031654A8F84DFDA3CDCB" box="[445,513,2019,2045]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Nopal" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nopal</taxonomicName>
de tuna colorada
</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCE031657CFF84DFC4ACDCB" box="[730,1000,2019,2045]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C680A81FFCE031657CFF84DFCBCCDCB" box="[730,798,2019,2045]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Nopal" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nopal</taxonomicName>
de espinas lacias
</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCE03165134F84DFB6ECDCB" box="[1057,1228,2019,2045]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C680A81FFCE03165134F84DFBC7CDCB" box="[1057,1125,2019,2045]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Nopal" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nopal</taxonomicName>
de cerro
</emphasis>
(see e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF90CF3FFCE0316502BF84DFF61C217" author="Anderson, E. F." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref9334" refString="Anderson, E. F. (2001) The Cactus family. Timber Press, 776 pp." type="book" year="2001">Anderson 2001</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF90CF3FFCE031655DBF7A9FE20C217" author="Scheinvar, L." box="[206,386,2055,2081]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref12864" refString="Scheinvar, L. (2004) Flora cactologica del estado de Queretaro. Diversidad y riqueza. Fondo de Cultura Economica, Mexico, 390 pp." type="book" year="2004">Scheinvar 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF17218AFFCF0317559DF9E1FDA8CCBF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7440902" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7440902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7440902/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[136,229,1615,1637]" targetBox="[168,1419,204,1575]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BD77102FFCF0317559DF9E1FDA8CCBF" blockId="11.[136,1451,1615,1673]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCF0317559DF9E1FF5FCC53" bold="true" box="[136,253,1615,1637]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C680A81FFCF03175417F9FEFE65CC52" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1837" box="[258,455,1615,1637]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Opuntia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiacantha">
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCF03175417F9FEFE65CC52" box="[258,455,1615,1637]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Opuntia lasiacantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCF031754C7F9E1FE48CC52" bold="true" box="[466,490,1615,1636]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A.</emphasis>
Arborescent habit, 2 m high. 
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCF03175611F9FEFCB8CC53" bold="true" box="[772,794,1616,1637]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B.</emphasis>
Defined trunk, slightly grayish scaly bark with light brown tones. 
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCF03175081F9E1FA09CC53" bold="true" box="[1428,1451,1615,1637]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C.</emphasis>
Juvenile cladode with prominent tubers.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD77102FFCF031755A8F916FAA5CCE4" blockId="11.[136,1451,1720,1926]" box="[189,1287,1720,1746]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCF031755A8F916FEFDCCE4" bold="true" box="[189,351,1720,1746]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Phenology:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C680A81FFCF0317544AF916FDE7CCE4" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1837" box="[351,581,1720,1746]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Opuntia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiacantha">
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCF0317544AF916FDE7CCE4" box="[351,581,1720,1746]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Opuntia lasiacantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
blooms from March–April, whereas fruiting time if June–July.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD77102FFCF031755A8F972FF73CDB0" blockId="11.[136,1451,1720,1926]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCF031755A8F972FDAECCC0" bold="true" box="[189,524,1756,1782]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Habitat and distribution:—</emphasis>
Endemic to 
<collectingCountry id="F37F3192FFCF03175782F972FD4DCCC0" box="[663,751,1756,1782]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, it is known in the states of 
<collectingRegion id="49ACBFE0FFCF03175122F972FB41CCC0" box="[1079,1251,1756,1782]" country="Mexico" name="Aguascalientes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Aguascalientes</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49ACBFE0FFCF031751E5F972FAEFCCC0" box="[1264,1357,1756,1782]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49ACBFE0FFCF0317504FF972FEA1CD2C" country="Mexico" name="Distrito Federal" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ciudad de México</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49ACBFE0FFCF03175404F8AEFED4CD2C" box="[273,374,1792,1818]" country="Mexico" name="Durango" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Durango</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49ACBFE0FFCF03175496F8AEFDA5CD2C" box="[387,519,1792,1818]" country="Mexico" name="Guanajuato" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Guanajuato</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49ACBFE0FFCF03175701F8AEFDDECD2C" box="[532,636,1792,1818]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49ACBFE0FFCF0317579CF8AEFD44CD2C" box="[649,742,1792,1818]" country="Mexico" name="Hidalgo" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hidalgo</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49ACBFE0FFCF031757E6F8AEFCE0CD2C" box="[755,834,1792,1818]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F37F3192FFCF0317565AF8AEFC05CD2C" box="[847,935,1792,1818]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">México</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49ACBFE0FFCF031756A0F8AEFB96CD2C" box="[949,1076,1792,1818]" country="Mexico" name="Michoacan de Ocampo" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Michoacán</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49ACBFE0FFCF03175154F8AEFB3ACD2C" box="[1089,1176,1792,1818]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49ACBFE0FFCF031751B0F8AEFB56CD2C" box="[1189,1268,1792,1818]" country="Mexico" name="Puebla" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Puebla</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49ACBFE0FFCF03175014F8AEFAD6CD2C" box="[1281,1396,1792,1818]" country="Mexico" name="Queretaro de Arteaga" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Querétaro</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49ACBFE0FFCF03175094F8AEFEA8CD08" country="Mexico" name="San Luis Potosi" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">San Luis Potosí</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49ACBFE0FFCF03175401F88AFE3ACD08" box="[276,408,1828,1854]" country="Mexico" name="Tamaulipas" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tamaulipas</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49ACBFE0FFCF031754B7F88AFDA7CD08" box="[418,517,1828,1854]" country="Mexico" name="Tlaxcala" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tlaxcala</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49ACBFE0FFCF03175705F88AFDD1CD08" box="[528,627,1828,1854]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion id="49ACBFE0FFCF031757BFF88AFCBACD08" box="[682,792,1828,1854]" country="Mexico" name="Zacatecas" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Zacatecas</collectingRegion>
(see e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF90CF3FFCF0317569DF88AFBE4CD08" author="Arias, S. &amp; Gama S. &amp; Guzman, U." box="[904,1094,1828,1854]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref9353" refString="Arias, S., Gama S. &amp; Guzman, U. (1997) Cactaceae. Flora del Valle de Tehuacan-Cuicatlan, Fasc. 14. Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Mexico City, 146 pp." type="book" year="1997">
Arias 
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCF031756D9F88BFBA6CD08" box="[972,1028,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
1997
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF90CF3FFCF03175144F88AFA92CD08" author="Guzman, U. L. &amp; Arias, S. &amp; Davila, P." box="[1105,1328,1828,1854]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref10119" refString="Guzman, U. L., Arias, S. &amp; Davila, P. (2003) Catalogo de cactaceas mexicanas. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Mexico City, 315 pp." type="book" year="2003">
Guzmán 
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCF031751A2F88BFB4ACD08" box="[1207,1256,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
. 2003
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF90CF3FFCF0317502EF88AFF61CD54" author="Scheinvar, L." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref12864" refString="Scheinvar, L. (2004) Flora cactologica del estado de Queretaro. Diversidad y riqueza. Fondo de Cultura Economica, Mexico, 390 pp." type="book" year="2004">Scheinvar 2004</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF90CF3FFCF031755D8F8E6FE18CD54" author="Scheinvar, L. &amp; Gallegos-Vazquez, C. &amp; Olalde-Parra, G. &amp; Rodriguez-Fuentes, A." box="[205,442,1864,1890]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="277 - 296" refId="ref12968" refString="Scheinvar, L., Gallegos-Vazquez, C., Olalde-Parra, G. &amp; Rodriguez-Fuentes, A. (2010) Opuntia ser, Streptacanthae (Cactaceae) - neotypifications and taxonomic notes for four species. Schumannia 6: 277 - 296." type="journal article" year="2010">
Scheinvar 
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCF03175456F8E7FED8CD54" box="[323,378,1864,1890]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF90CF3FFCF031754D7F8E6FDDFCD54" author="Arias, S. &amp; Gama, S. &amp; Guzman, U. &amp; Vazquez, B." box="[450,637,1864,1890]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref9397" refString="Arias, S., Gama, S., Guzman, U. &amp; Vazquez, B. (2012) Cactaceae. Flora del Valle de Tehuacan-Cuicatlan, Fasc. 95. Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Mexico City, 235 pp." type="book" year="2012">
Arias 
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCF03175710F8E7FD9ECD54" box="[517,572,1864,1890]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF90CF3FFCF03175793F8E6FCDECD54" author="Hernandez, H. M. &amp; Gomez, H. C. &amp; Barcenas, R. T. &amp; Puente, P. &amp; Reyes, A. J." box="[646,892,1864,1890]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="185 - 200" refId="ref10193" refString="Hernandez, H. M., Gomez, H. C., Barcenas, R. T., Puente, P. &amp; Reyes, A. J. (2014) A checklist of the subfamily Opuntioideae (Cactaceae) from North and Central America. In: Hunt, D. R. (Ed.) Further Studies in Opuntioideae (Cactaceae). Succulent Plant Research 8: 185 - 200." type="journal article" year="2014">
Hernández 
<emphasis id="B91CAD10FFCF03175610F8E7FC9FCD54" box="[773,829,1864,1890]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="13536D87FFCF03175684F8E6FC74CD54" box="[913,982,1864,1890]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[390,1207,1141,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-32@5.[274,1314,1132,1931]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Phylogram of Opuntia s.s., based on the concatenated matk, ycf1, trnL-trnF, psbJ-petA, ITS and ppc sequence alignment. The support of the clades is represented with a corresponding thick line with subsequent Bayesian probability PP≥ 0.95. Posterior probability (left of slash) from Bayesian analysis and Bootstrap support (right of slash). The phylogenetic position of Opuntia ser. Streptacanthae Britton &amp; Rose is shown in bold." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7440878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7440878/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). It grows in xerophytic scrub (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF90CF3FFCF03175038F8E6FF66CDB0" author="Rzedowski, J." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref12504" refString="Rzedowski, J. (1978) Vegetacion de Mexico. Limusa, Mexico City, 432 pp." type="book" year="1978">Rzedowski 1978</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>