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<document id="C41E5D9B055DED5D06D56C39ABB04236" ID-CLB-Dataset="55213" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5125.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e60faf84-9cc4-4da0-9b89-42b57a2cfa26" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6424502" ID-ZooBank="6DDA279A-FA5F-4993-98DD-FC40133292BB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1649409802207" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Martino, Emanuela Di" docDate="2022" docId="038254222A3144488A9FFC492C07FA68" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5125.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5125 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Smittipora abyssicola" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="165" masterDocId="FFBB2C5A2A3744408A08FFB82F56FFA3" masterDocTitle="Revision of the type species of some cheilostome bryozoan genera in the collection of the Swedish Museum of Natural History" masterLastPageNumber="181" masterPageNumber="157" pageNumber="163" updateTime="1699319725574" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="0DF3FF3212266C8275A5EF8F98343AFE">Revision of the type species of some cheilostome bryozoan genera in the collection of the Swedish Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BC19E130363276FA6CB054EA50701F38">Martino, Emanuela Di</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="6591959457538634B5E0D319BBAA9A87">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="7F60427589C19E29BA5667D430D3610A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="644766984C68F675F948DDC5256F8A16" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5125.2.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038254222A3144488A9FFC492C07FA68" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6424506" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194520092" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6424506" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038254222A3144488A9FFC492C07FA68" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038254222A3144488A9FFC492C07FA68" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">
<subSubSection id="C331B6BF2A3144468A9FFC492D14FBA8" box="[151,578,1009,1036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B94E5342A3144468A9FFC492D14FBA8" blockId="6.[151,578,1009,1071]" box="[151,578,1009,1036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">
<heading id="D0DC52582A3144468A9FFC492D14FBA8" bold="true" box="[151,578,1009,1036]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9EB72A3144468A9FFC492D14FBA8" ID-CoL="6Z5P9" authority="(Smitt, 1873)" baseAuthorityName="Smitt" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[151,578,1009,1036]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Smittipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
<emphasis id="B95F39262A3144468A9FFC492D14FBA8" bold="true" box="[151,578,1009,1036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B95F39262A3144468A9FFC492ECCFBAF" bold="true" box="[151,410,1009,1036]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Smittipora abyssicola</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA98C52A3144468BA1FC492D6CFBA8" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[425,570,1009,1035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref15191" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1873) Floridan Bryozoa collected by Count L. F. de Pourtales, Part 2. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 11, 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1873">Smitt, 1873</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331B6BF2A3144468A9FFBAD2E1AFB8C" box="[151,332,1045,1071]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B94E5342A3144468A9FFBAD2E1AFB8C" blockId="6.[151,578,1009,1071]" box="[151,332,1045,1071]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">
(
<figureCitation id="1310F9B12A3144468AA8FBAD2FB2FB8C" box="[160,228,1045,1071]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1643,1667]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[155,1432,181,1619]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Smittipora abyssicola (Smitt, 1873). A. Paralectotype SMNH-Type-9104, off Cojima, Cuba. General view of the small colony encrusting a phidoloporid bryozoan. B–F. Lectotype (designated here) SMNH-Type-1815, Florida, United States. B. General view of the colony with encrusting base and two starting erect branches, encrusting a solitary coral. C. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia (with triangular mandibles, see asterisk) at the encrusting base and at the start of an erect branch. D. Close-up of the ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids and avicularia. E. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia rising from the encrusting base to form an erect branch. F. Close-up of an autozooid and two vicarious avicularia. Scale bars: A–C = 2 mm; D, E = 1 mm; F = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6424510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6424510/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6A9D08F2A3144468AF8FBAD2E15FB8C" box="[240,323,1045,1071]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,239,1531,1555]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements in µm of Smittipora abyssicola (Smitt, 1873), Florida, United States; SMNH-Type-1815." pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Table 3</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331B6BF2A3144468A9FFBE22D6EFB32" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B94E5342A3144468A9FFBE22DE8FBD1" blockId="6.[151,702,1114,1169]" box="[151,702,1114,1138]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3BC21A2A3144468A9FFBE22DE8FBD1" box="[151,702,1114,1138]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8AC3252A3144468A9FFBE22D5DFBD1" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[151,523,1114,1138]" page="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" year="1873">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9EB72A3144468A9FFBE22D5DFBD1" authority="Smitt, 1873: 6" authorityName=", Smitt" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1873" baseAuthorityName="Smitt" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[151,523,1114,1138]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Vincularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
<emphasis id="B95F39262A3144468A9FFBE22E25FBD1" box="[151,371,1114,1138]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Vincularia abyssicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA98C52A3144468B71FBE22D5DFBD1" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[377,523,1114,1138]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref15191" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1873) Floridan Bryozoa collected by Count L. F. de Pourtales, Part 2. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 11, 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1873">Smitt, 1873: 6</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. I, figs 60, 61.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E5342A3144468A9FFBC12D6EFB32" blockId="6.[151,702,1114,1169]" box="[151,568,1144,1169]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3BC21A2A3144468A9FFBC12D6EFB32" box="[151,568,1144,1169]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8AC3252A3144468A9FFBC12D62FB32" author="Jullien, J." box="[151,564,1144,1169]" page="284" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" year="1882">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9EB72A3144468A9FFBC12D62FB32" ID-CoL="6Z5P9" authority=": Jullien 1882: 284" authorityName="Jullien" authorityPageNumber="284" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,564,1144,1169]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Smittipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
<emphasis id="B95F39262A3144468A9FFBC12E25FB33" box="[151,371,1144,1168]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Smittipora abyssicola</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA98C52A3144468B89FBC02D62FB32" author="Jullien, J." box="[385,564,1144,1169]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" pagination="271 - 285" refId="ref13787" refString="Jullien, J. (1882) Note sur une nouvelle division des Bryozoaires Cheilostomiens. Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France, 6, 271 - 285." type="journal article" year="1882">Jullien 1882: 284</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331B6BF2A3144468A9FFB062B2EFAE6" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B94E5342A3144468A9FFB062B2EFAE6" blockId="6.[151,1437,1214,2033]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B95F39262A3144468A9FFB062E29FB7B" bold="true" box="[151,383,1214,1240]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B43EF692A3144468B8CFB072E30FA82" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3748664303" collectorName="Leg. Gulf Stream Explorations &amp; L. F. De Pourtales." country="United States of America" elevation="124" location="North Atlantic Ocean" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Florida" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="54905B962A3144468B8CFB072EA2FB7A" box="[388,500,1215,1241]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
[designated here; figured in
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA98C52A3144468926FB072CE2FB7A" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[814,948,1215,1241]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref15191" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1873) Floridan Bryozoa collected by Count L. F. de Pourtales, Part 2. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 11, 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1873">Smitt (1873</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 61)] SMNH-Type-1815,
<location id="8EF4B3EF2A3144468EF5FB072FB7FB5E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038254222A3144488A9FFC492C07FA68:8EF4B3EF2A3144468EF5FB072FB7FB5E" country="United States of America" name="North Atlantic Ocean" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" stateProvince="Florida">North Atlantic Ocean</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49EF2BD62A3144468AF8FB5B2E12FB5E" box="[240,324,1251,1277]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Florida</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33CA5A42A3144468B5BFB5B2EA6FB5E" box="[339,496,1251,1277]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">United States</collectingCountry>
, depth
<quantity id="4CD348D12A314446884FFB5B2DC2FB5E" box="[583,660,1251,1277]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" unit="m" value="124.0">
<elevation id="000602072A314446884FFB5B2DC2FB5E" box="[583,660,1251,1277]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" unit="m" value="124.0">124 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, on a solitary coral.
<collectorName id="26DE80E22A3144468981FB5B2BBBFB5E" box="[905,1261,1251,1277]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Leg. Gulf Stream Explorations</collectorName>
1868–69, coll.
<collectorName id="26DE80E22A3144468A9FFABF2E30FA82" box="[151,358,1287,1313]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">L.F. De Pourtales.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B43EF692A3144468B66FABF2B2EFAE6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3748664308" collectorName="Leg. Gulf Stream Explorations &amp; L. F. De Pourtales." country="Cuba" elevation="824" location="North Atlantic Ocean" municipality="Cojima" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<typeStatus id="54905B962A3144468B66FABF2D50FA82" box="[366,518,1287,1313]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
SMNH-Type-9104,
<location id="8EF4B3EF2A31444688FAFABF2CBEFA82" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038254222A3144488A9FFC492C07FA68:8EF4B3EF2A31444688FAFABF2CBEFA82" box="[754,1000,1287,1313]" country="Cuba" municipality="Cojima" name="North Atlantic Ocean" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">North Atlantic Ocean</location>
, off
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF07F4E2A3144468E16FABF2B25FA82" box="[1054,1139,1287,1313]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Cojima</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33CA5A42A3144468E89FABF2BE9FA82" box="[1153,1215,1287,1313]" name="Cuba" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Cuba</collectingCountry>
, depth
<quantity id="4CD348D12A3144468F1BFABF2A0BFA82" box="[1299,1373,1287,1313]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.24" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" unit="m" value="824.0">
<elevation id="000602072A3144468F1BFABF2A0BFA82" box="[1299,1373,1287,1313]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.24" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" unit="m" value="824.0">824 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, on a phidoloporid bryozoan.
<collectorName id="26DE80E22A3144468BADFA932DA8FAE6" box="[421,766,1323,1349]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Leg. Gulf Stream Explorations</collectorName>
1868–69, coll.
<collectorName id="26DE80E22A31444689A5FA932B2EFAE6" box="[941,1144,1323,1349]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">L.F. De Pourtales.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331B6BF2A3144468ACFFAF62EA9F852" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B94E5342A3144468ACFFAF62E41FA76" blockId="6.[151,1437,1214,2033]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B95F39262A3144468ACFFAF62E0FFACB" bold="true" box="[199,345,1358,1384]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Description.</emphasis>
Colony starting with a more or less developed encrusting base (
<figureCitation id="1310F9B12A3144468E3AFAF72BF8FACA" box="[1074,1198,1359,1385]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1643,1667]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[155,1432,181,1619]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Smittipora abyssicola (Smitt, 1873). A. Paralectotype SMNH-Type-9104, off Cojima, Cuba. General view of the small colony encrusting a phidoloporid bryozoan. B–F. Lectotype (designated here) SMNH-Type-1815, Florida, United States. B. General view of the colony with encrusting base and two starting erect branches, encrusting a solitary coral. C. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia (with triangular mandibles, see asterisk) at the encrusting base and at the start of an erect branch. D. Close-up of the ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids and avicularia. E. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia rising from the encrusting base to form an erect branch. F. Close-up of an autozooid and two vicarious avicularia. Scale bars: A–C = 2 mm; D, E = 1 mm; F = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6424510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6424510/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
), and later becoming erect, forming cylindrical branches, about
<quantity id="4CD348D12A3144468875FACB2D96FA2E" box="[637,704,1395,1421]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in diameter, comprised of 4–6 alternating longitudinal series of autozooids and vicarious avicularia (
<figureCitation id="1310F9B12A3144468835FA2F2D8AFA12" box="[573,732,1431,1457]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1643,1667]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[155,1432,181,1619]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Smittipora abyssicola (Smitt, 1873). A. Paralectotype SMNH-Type-9104, off Cojima, Cuba. General view of the small colony encrusting a phidoloporid bryozoan. B–F. Lectotype (designated here) SMNH-Type-1815, Florida, United States. B. General view of the colony with encrusting base and two starting erect branches, encrusting a solitary coral. C. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia (with triangular mandibles, see asterisk) at the encrusting base and at the start of an erect branch. D. Close-up of the ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids and avicularia. E. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia rising from the encrusting base to form an erect branch. F. Close-up of an autozooid and two vicarious avicularia. Scale bars: A–C = 2 mm; D, E = 1 mm; F = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6424510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6424510/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Fig. 3B, C, E</figureCitation>
), oligo- to multiserial (depending on the substrate available), unilaminar.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E5342A3144468ACFFA672A33F90E" blockId="6.[151,1437,1214,2033]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">
Ancestrula elliptical, similar to later autozooids but smaller (
<figureCitation id="1310F9B12A314446898BFA672B55FA5A" box="[899,1027,1503,1529]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1643,1667]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[155,1432,181,1619]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Smittipora abyssicola (Smitt, 1873). A. Paralectotype SMNH-Type-9104, off Cojima, Cuba. General view of the small colony encrusting a phidoloporid bryozoan. B–F. Lectotype (designated here) SMNH-Type-1815, Florida, United States. B. General view of the colony with encrusting base and two starting erect branches, encrusting a solitary coral. C. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia (with triangular mandibles, see asterisk) at the encrusting base and at the start of an erect branch. D. Close-up of the ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids and avicularia. E. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia rising from the encrusting base to form an erect branch. F. Close-up of an autozooid and two vicarious avicularia. Scale bars: A–C = 2 mm; D, E = 1 mm; F = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6424510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6424510/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Fig. 3A, D</figureCitation>
),
<emphasis id="B95F39262A3144468E12FA672B78FA5B" box="[1050,1070,1503,1528]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">c.</emphasis>
500 µm long by 380 µm wide; cryptocyst extensive, finely granular, sloping inwards laterally, depressed and flat centrally; opesia rounded quadrangular, almost equidimensional, 176 µm long by 188 µm wide; three zooids budded directly from the ancestrula, one distally and two distolaterally, either exclusively autozooids (
<figureCitation id="1310F9B12A3144468E12F9F32B2EF9C6" box="[1050,1144,1611,1637]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1643,1667]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[155,1432,181,1619]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Smittipora abyssicola (Smitt, 1873). A. Paralectotype SMNH-Type-9104, off Cojima, Cuba. General view of the small colony encrusting a phidoloporid bryozoan. B–F. Lectotype (designated here) SMNH-Type-1815, Florida, United States. B. General view of the colony with encrusting base and two starting erect branches, encrusting a solitary coral. C. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia (with triangular mandibles, see asterisk) at the encrusting base and at the start of an erect branch. D. Close-up of the ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids and avicularia. E. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia rising from the encrusting base to form an erect branch. F. Close-up of an autozooid and two vicarious avicularia. Scale bars: A–C = 2 mm; D, E = 1 mm; F = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6424510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6424510/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
), or both autozooids and vicarious avicularia (
<figureCitation id="1310F9B12A3144468B8BF9D72E8AF92A" box="[387,476,1647,1673]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1643,1667]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[155,1432,181,1619]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Smittipora abyssicola (Smitt, 1873). A. Paralectotype SMNH-Type-9104, off Cojima, Cuba. General view of the small colony encrusting a phidoloporid bryozoan. B–F. Lectotype (designated here) SMNH-Type-1815, Florida, United States. B. General view of the colony with encrusting base and two starting erect branches, encrusting a solitary coral. C. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia (with triangular mandibles, see asterisk) at the encrusting base and at the start of an erect branch. D. Close-up of the ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids and avicularia. E. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia rising from the encrusting base to form an erect branch. F. Close-up of an autozooid and two vicarious avicularia. Scale bars: A–C = 2 mm; D, E = 1 mm; F = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6424510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6424510/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
), smaller than subsequent generations (first budded zooid:
<emphasis id="B95F39262A3144468E79F9D72BD2F92B" box="[1137,1156,1647,1672]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">c.</emphasis>
525 µm long by 350 µm wide; first vicarious avicularium:
<emphasis id="B95F39262A314446881BF92B2D70F90F" box="[531,550,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">c.</emphasis>
375 µm long by 295 µm wide); ancestrula later surrounded by six zooids.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E5342A3144468ACFF90F2A77F8C2" blockId="6.[151,1437,1214,2033]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">
Autozooids distinct with raised margins and shallow grooves, those of the encrusting base quincuncially or irregularly arranged, those forming the cylindrical branches arranged in alternating longitudinal series (
<figureCitation id="1310F9B12A3144468F10F9632AD8F956" box="[1304,1422,1755,1781]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1643,1667]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[155,1432,181,1619]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Smittipora abyssicola (Smitt, 1873). A. Paralectotype SMNH-Type-9104, off Cojima, Cuba. General view of the small colony encrusting a phidoloporid bryozoan. B–F. Lectotype (designated here) SMNH-Type-1815, Florida, United States. B. General view of the colony with encrusting base and two starting erect branches, encrusting a solitary coral. C. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia (with triangular mandibles, see asterisk) at the encrusting base and at the start of an erect branch. D. Close-up of the ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids and avicularia. E. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia rising from the encrusting base to form an erect branch. F. Close-up of an autozooid and two vicarious avicularia. Scale bars: A–C = 2 mm; D, E = 1 mm; F = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6424510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6424510/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Fig. 3C, E</figureCitation>
); semi-elliptical, elongate with V-shaped proximal edge, sometimes rounded hexagonal, longer than wide (mean L/
<geoCoordinate id="EE1F83F32A3144468F8AF9472F9AF89E" degrees="1.56" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" precision="555" value="-1.56">W 1.56</geoCoordinate>
). Cryptocyst concave, finely granular, extensive (
<figureCitation id="1310F9B12A31444688E6F89B2C14F89E" box="[750,834,1827,1853]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1643,1667]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[155,1432,181,1619]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Smittipora abyssicola (Smitt, 1873). A. Paralectotype SMNH-Type-9104, off Cojima, Cuba. General view of the small colony encrusting a phidoloporid bryozoan. B–F. Lectotype (designated here) SMNH-Type-1815, Florida, United States. B. General view of the colony with encrusting base and two starting erect branches, encrusting a solitary coral. C. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia (with triangular mandibles, see asterisk) at the encrusting base and at the start of an erect branch. D. Close-up of the ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids and avicularia. E. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia rising from the encrusting base to form an erect branch. F. Close-up of an autozooid and two vicarious avicularia. Scale bars: A–C = 2 mm; D, E = 1 mm; F = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6424510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6424510/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
). Opesia rounded quadrangular to rounded trapezoidal with proximal margin slightly concave (
<figureCitation id="1310F9B12A3144468850F8FF2DFDF8C2" box="[600,683,1863,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1643,1667]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[155,1432,181,1619]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Smittipora abyssicola (Smitt, 1873). A. Paralectotype SMNH-Type-9104, off Cojima, Cuba. General view of the small colony encrusting a phidoloporid bryozoan. B–F. Lectotype (designated here) SMNH-Type-1815, Florida, United States. B. General view of the colony with encrusting base and two starting erect branches, encrusting a solitary coral. C. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia (with triangular mandibles, see asterisk) at the encrusting base and at the start of an erect branch. D. Close-up of the ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids and avicularia. E. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia rising from the encrusting base to form an erect branch. F. Close-up of an autozooid and two vicarious avicularia. Scale bars: A–C = 2 mm; D, E = 1 mm; F = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6424510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6424510/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
) but slightly convex in periancestrular zooids (
<figureCitation id="1310F9B12A3144468EB2F8FF2A43F8C2" box="[1210,1301,1863,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1643,1667]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[155,1432,181,1619]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Smittipora abyssicola (Smitt, 1873). A. Paralectotype SMNH-Type-9104, off Cojima, Cuba. General view of the small colony encrusting a phidoloporid bryozoan. B–F. Lectotype (designated here) SMNH-Type-1815, Florida, United States. B. General view of the colony with encrusting base and two starting erect branches, encrusting a solitary coral. C. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia (with triangular mandibles, see asterisk) at the encrusting base and at the start of an erect branch. D. Close-up of the ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids and avicularia. E. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia rising from the encrusting base to form an erect branch. F. Close-up of an autozooid and two vicarious avicularia. Scale bars: A–C = 2 mm; D, E = 1 mm; F = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6424510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6424510/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E5342A3144468ACFF8D32C8DF86E" blockId="6.[151,1437,1214,2033]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">
Avicularia vicarious, smaller than autozooids, symmetrical, lozenge-shaped with acutely pointed proximal margin and rounded rostrum tip (
<figureCitation id="1310F9B12A314446880DF8372D2DF80A" box="[517,635,1935,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1643,1667]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[155,1432,181,1619]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Smittipora abyssicola (Smitt, 1873). A. Paralectotype SMNH-Type-9104, off Cojima, Cuba. General view of the small colony encrusting a phidoloporid bryozoan. B–F. Lectotype (designated here) SMNH-Type-1815, Florida, United States. B. General view of the colony with encrusting base and two starting erect branches, encrusting a solitary coral. C. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia (with triangular mandibles, see asterisk) at the encrusting base and at the start of an erect branch. D. Close-up of the ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids and avicularia. E. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia rising from the encrusting base to form an erect branch. F. Close-up of an autozooid and two vicarious avicularia. Scale bars: A–C = 2 mm; D, E = 1 mm; F = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6424510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6424510/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Fig. 3D, F</figureCitation>
); mandible triangular (
<figureCitation id="1310F9B12A3144468970F8372C98F80A" box="[888,974,1935,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1643,1667]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[155,1432,181,1619]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Smittipora abyssicola (Smitt, 1873). A. Paralectotype SMNH-Type-9104, off Cojima, Cuba. General view of the small colony encrusting a phidoloporid bryozoan. B–F. Lectotype (designated here) SMNH-Type-1815, Florida, United States. B. General view of the colony with encrusting base and two starting erect branches, encrusting a solitary coral. C. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia (with triangular mandibles, see asterisk) at the encrusting base and at the start of an erect branch. D. Close-up of the ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids and avicularia. E. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia rising from the encrusting base to form an erect branch. F. Close-up of an autozooid and two vicarious avicularia. Scale bars: A–C = 2 mm; D, E = 1 mm; F = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6424510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6424510/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
),
<emphasis id="B95F39262A31444689EAF8372CA0F80B" box="[994,1014,1935,1960]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">c.</emphasis>
600 µm long; cryptocyst concave and finely granular as in autozooids; opesia centrally located, oval to elliptical.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E5342A3144468ACFF86F2EA9F852" blockId="6.[151,1437,1214,2033]" box="[199,511,2007,2033]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Fertile zooids not observed.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF54B5BC2A3044478A9FF9D32D6CF8FF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6424510" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6424510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6424510/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" startId="7.[151,250,1643,1667]" targetBox="[155,1432,181,1619]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8B94E5342A3044478A9FF9D32D6CF8FF" blockId="7.[151,1437,1643,1884]" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="B95F39262A3044478A9FF9D32E42F920" bold="true" box="[151,276,1643,1667]" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9EB72A3044478B13F9D42DDDF927" authority="(Smitt, 1873)" baseAuthorityName="Smitt" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[283,651,1643,1668]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Smittipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
<emphasis id="B95F39262A3044478B13F9D42EAEF920" box="[283,504,1643,1667]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Smittipora abyssicola</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA98C52A304447880FF9D32DD5F927" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[519,643,1643,1668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref15191" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1873) Floridan Bryozoa collected by Count L. F. de Pourtales, Part 2. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 11, 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1873">Smitt, 1873</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. A. Paralectotype SMNH-Type-9104, off Cojima, Cuba. General view of the small colony encrusting a phidoloporid bryozoan. B–F. Lectotype (designated here) SMNH-Type-1815, Florida, United States. B. General view of the colony with encrusting base and two starting erect branches, encrusting a solitary coral. C. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia (with triangular mandibles, see asterisk) at the encrusting base and at the start of an erect branch. D. Close-up of the ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids and avicularia. E. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia rising from the encrusting base to form an erect branch. F. Close-up of an autozooid and two vicarious avicularia. Scale bars: A–C = 2 mm; D, E = 1 mm; F = 400 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C331B6BF2A3044488ACFF8322C07FA68" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B94E5342A3044488ACFF8322C9BFEBE" blockId="7.[151,1437,1930,2028]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="B95F39262A3044478ACFF8322E6DF807" bold="true" box="[199,315,1930,1956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Remarks.</emphasis>
In his description of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9EB72A3044478838F8322C94F807" authority=", Smitt (1873)" authorityName=", Smitt" authorityYear="1873" box="[560,962,1930,1956]" class="Conjugatophyceae" family="Desmidiaceae" genus="Vincularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zygnematales" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Charophyta" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
<emphasis id="B95F39262A3044478838F8322C75F807" box="[560,803,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Vincularia abyssicola</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA98C52A304447893BF8322C94F807" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[819,962,1930,1956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref15191" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1873) Floridan Bryozoa collected by Count L. F. de Pourtales, Part 2. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 11, 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1873">Smitt (1873)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
refers only to
<specimenCount id="9D2D2EBD2A3044478E62F8322A47F807" box="[1130,1297,1930,1956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
he obtained from Pourtales, one collected in deep waters off
<collectingCountry id="F33CA5A42A30444788B1F8162DA2F86B" box="[697,756,1966,1992]" name="Cuba" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Cuba</collectingCountry>
and encrusting a phidoloporid bryozoan (
<figureCitation id="1310F9B12A3044478EC3F8162A73F86B" box="[1227,1317,1966,1992]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1643,1667]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[155,1432,181,1619]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Smittipora abyssicola (Smitt, 1873). A. Paralectotype SMNH-Type-9104, off Cojima, Cuba. General view of the small colony encrusting a phidoloporid bryozoan. B–F. Lectotype (designated here) SMNH-Type-1815, Florida, United States. B. General view of the colony with encrusting base and two starting erect branches, encrusting a solitary coral. C. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia (with triangular mandibles, see asterisk) at the encrusting base and at the start of an erect branch. D. Close-up of the ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids and avicularia. E. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia rising from the encrusting base to form an erect branch. F. Close-up of an autozooid and two vicarious avicularia. Scale bars: A–C = 2 mm; D, E = 1 mm; F = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6424510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6424510/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
), the other collected off
<collectingRegion id="49EF2BD62A3044478B24F86A2E2BF84F" box="[300,381,2002,2028]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Florida</collectingRegion>
at a much lower depth and encrusting a coral (
<figureCitation id="1310F9B12A304447899BF86A2CBDF84F" box="[915,1003,2002,2028]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1643,1667]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[155,1432,181,1619]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Smittipora abyssicola (Smitt, 1873). A. Paralectotype SMNH-Type-9104, off Cojima, Cuba. General view of the small colony encrusting a phidoloporid bryozoan. B–F. Lectotype (designated here) SMNH-Type-1815, Florida, United States. B. General view of the colony with encrusting base and two starting erect branches, encrusting a solitary coral. C. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia (with triangular mandibles, see asterisk) at the encrusting base and at the start of an erect branch. D. Close-up of the ancestrula (asterisk) and periancestrular zooids and avicularia. E. Group of zooids and vicarious avicularia rising from the encrusting base to form an erect branch. F. Close-up of an autozooid and two vicarious avicularia. Scale bars: A–C = 2 mm; D, E = 1 mm; F = 400 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6424510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6424510/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). An additional specimen found in the collection (
<figureCitation id="1310F9B12A3F44488B1CFF2F2E0EFF12" box="[276,344,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,811,835]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,309,787]" captionTargetId="figure-83@8.[157,1429,309,788]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Smittipora americana (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928), catalogued as SMNH-Type-1786 of S. abyssicola, Florida, United States. A. Close-up of two zooids with opercula and vicarious avicularium with leaf-shaped, pointed mandible. B. Group of zooids, showing the opesia with indentations, vicarious avicularia and ovicells. Scale bars: A = 400 µm; B = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6424512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6424512/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
; SMNH-Type-1786 North Atlantic Ocean,
<collectingRegion id="49EF2BD62A3F4448893FFF2F2CDDFF12" box="[823,907,151,177]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Florida</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33CA5A42A3F4448899DFF2F2B78FF12" box="[917,1070,151,177]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">United States</collectingCountry>
, depth
<quantity id="4CD348D12A3F44488E74FF2F2B92FF12" box="[1148,1220,151,177]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="124.0">124 m</quantity>
, encrusting bivalve shell. Leg. Gulf Stream Explorations 1868–69, coll. L.F. De Pourtales) and catalogued as an additional
<typeStatus id="54905B962A3F44488F2EFF032A2BFF76" box="[1318,1405,187,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9EB72A3F44488A9FFF672E4DFF5A" box="[151,283,223,249]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Smittipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="abyssicol">
<emphasis id="B95F39262A3F44488A9FFF672E4DFF5A" box="[151,283,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">S. abyssicol</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a belongs instead to
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9EB72A3F44488BF6FF672CF5FF5A" authority="(Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928)" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[510,931,223,249]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Smittipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="B95F39262A3F44488BF6FF672DC4FF5B" box="[510,658,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">S. americana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA98C52A3F444888A8FF672CCDFF5A" author="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S." box="[672,923,223,249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 199" refId="ref12431" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1928) Fossil and Recent Bryozoa of the Gulf of Mexico region. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, 72, 1 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.72 - 2710.1" type="journal article" year="1928">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. This species has leaf-shaped mandibles with long, pointed tips (
<figureCitation id="1310F9B12A3F44488B62FEBB2E92FEBE" box="[362,452,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,811,835]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,309,787]" captionTargetId="figure-83@8.[157,1429,309,788]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Smittipora americana (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928), catalogued as SMNH-Type-1786 of S. abyssicola, Florida, United States. A. Close-up of two zooids with opercula and vicarious avicularium with leaf-shaped, pointed mandible. B. Group of zooids, showing the opesia with indentations, vicarious avicularia and ovicells. Scale bars: A = 400 µm; B = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6424512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6424512/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
), and marked opesiular indentations (
<figureCitation id="1310F9B12A3F44488960FEBB2C96FEBE" box="[872,960,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,811,835]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,309,787]" captionTargetId="figure-83@8.[157,1429,309,788]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Smittipora americana (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928), catalogued as SMNH-Type-1786 of S. abyssicola, Florida, United States. A. Close-up of two zooids with opercula and vicarious avicularium with leaf-shaped, pointed mandible. B. Group of zooids, showing the opesia with indentations, vicarious avicularia and ovicells. Scale bars: A = 400 µm; B = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6424512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6424512/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF54B5BC2A3F44488A9FFC932A6DFC2F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6424512" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6424512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6424512/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" startId="8.[151,250,811,835]" targetBox="[157,1429,309,787]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8B94E5342A3F44488A9FFC932A6DFC2F" blockId="8.[151,1436,811,908]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="B95F39262A3F44488A9FFC932E45FCE0" bold="true" box="[151,275,811,835]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9EB72A3F44488B12FC942DA5FCE0" authority="(Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928)" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[282,755,811,835]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Smittipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="B95F39262A3F44488B12FC942EAEFCE0" box="[282,504,812,835]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Smittipora americana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA98C52A3F4448880EFC932DBDFCE0" author="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S." box="[518,747,811,835]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 199" refId="ref12431" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1928) Fossil and Recent Bryozoa of the Gulf of Mexico region. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, 72, 1 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.72 - 2710.1" type="journal article" year="1928">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, catalogued as SMNH-Type-1786 of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9EB72A3F44488E67FC942BA2FCE0" authorityName=", Smitt" authorityYear="1873" box="[1135,1268,811,835]" class="Conjugatophyceae" family="Desmidiaceae" genus="Vincularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zygnematales" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Charophyta" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
<emphasis id="B95F39262A3F44488E67FC942BA2FCE0" box="[1135,1268,811,835]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">S. abyssicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Florida, United States. A. Close-up of two zooids with opercula and vicarious avicularium with leaf-shaped, pointed mandible. B. Group of zooids, showing the opesia with indentations, vicarious avicularia and ovicells. Scale bars: A = 400 µm; B = 500 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B94E5342A3F44488ACFFC022A2CFB2B" blockId="8.[151,1436,953,1483]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9EB72A3F44488ACFFC022EE9FC70" baseAuthorityName="Smitt" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[199,447,953,980]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Smittipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
<emphasis id="B95F39262A3F44488ACFFC022EE9FC70" box="[199,447,953,980]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Smittipora abyssicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, originally described from the western tropical Atlantic, was subsequently recorded pantropically, including the Pacific and Indian oceans. Some of these records were revised during the years, e.g.
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9EB72A3F44488F8FFC662D57FBBF" authority="sensu Harmer (1926)" authorityName="sensu Harmer" authorityYear="1926" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Smittipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
<emphasis id="B95F39262A3F44488F8FFC662E5BFBB8" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">S. abyssicola</emphasis>
sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA98C52A3F44488B51FBBA2D57FBBF" author="Harmer, S. F." box="[345,513,1025,1052]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" pagination="183 - 501" refId="ref13463" refString="Harmer, S. F. (1926) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition, 2. Cheilostomata Anasca. Siboga Expedition Reports, 28 b, 183 - 501." type="journal article" year="1926">Harmer (1926)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F33CA5A42A3F4448884DFBB92DFAFBB8" box="[581,684,1025,1051]" name="Malaysia" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
became the
<typeStatus id="54905B962A3F44488930FBBA2C3EFBBF" box="[824,872,1026,1052]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9EB72A3F444889EDFBBA2AC1FBBF" authority="(Canu &amp; Bassler, 1929)" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[997,1431,1025,1052]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Smittipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="harmeriana">
<emphasis id="B95F39262A3F444889EDFBBA2BD3FBB8" box="[997,1157,1025,1052]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">S. harmeriana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA98C52A3F44488E9CFBBA2AC6FBBF" author="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S." box="[1172,1424,1025,1052]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 685" refId="ref12486" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1929) Bryozoa of the Philippine region. United States National Museum Bulletin, 100, 1 - 685." type="journal article" year="1929">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1929</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, but some others await a revision. For instance, the specimen illustrated in
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA98C52A3F444889D9FB9D2BF2FBE3" author="Taylor, P. D. &amp; Martha, S. O. &amp; Gordon, D. P." box="[977,1188,1061,1088]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" pagination="1657 - 1721" refId="ref15327" refString="Taylor, P. D., Martha, S. O. &amp; Gordon, D. P. (2018) Synopsis of ' onychocellid' cheilostome bryozoan genera. Journal of Natural History, 52, 1657 - 1721. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2018.1481235" type="journal article" year="2018">
Taylor
<emphasis id="B95F39262A3F44488E29FB9E2B0FFB9C" box="[1057,1113,1061,1087]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
(2018
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 29) as
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9EB72A3F44488F2EFB9E2E5BFBC0" authorityName="sensu Harmer" authorityYear="1926" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Smittipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
<emphasis id="B95F39262A3F44488F2EFB9E2E5BFBC0" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Smittipora abyssicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the west of East Channel, off Aldabra Island in the Indian Ocean, differs from the
<typeStatus id="54905B962A3F44488EF8FBF22A76FBC7" box="[1264,1312,1098,1124]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">type</typeStatus>
specimens in having proportionally smaller opesiae with distinct opesiular indentations, and avicularia with pointed rostra.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E5342A3F44488ACFFB292E70FAC3" blockId="8.[151,1436,953,1483]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">
Onychocellid genera are all very similar and there is a limited number of characters to distinguish one genus from the other. The main features used to distinguish
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9EB72A3F444888ECFB0E2C0CFB73" authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1882" box="[740,858,1206,1232]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Smittipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F39262A3F444888ECFB0E2C0CFB73" box="[740,858,1206,1232]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Smittipora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9EB72A3F44488995FB0D2B7DFB6C" authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1882" box="[925,1067,1205,1231]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Onychocella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F39262A3F44488995FB0D2B7DFB6C" box="[925,1067,1205,1231]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Onychocella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are the relatively smaller opesiae and the symmetrical avicularia in the former genus. In the
<typeStatus id="54905B962A3F4448893AFB622C34FB57" box="[818,866,1242,1268]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">type</typeStatus>
specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9EB72A3F44488E0FFB622B2BFB57" authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1882" box="[1031,1149,1242,1268]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Smittipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F39262A3F44488E0FFB622B2BFB57" box="[1031,1149,1242,1268]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Smittipora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
studied here, the opesiae are proportionally smaller but simply quadrangular/trapezoidal in shape, without proximal indentations or lateral constrictions. Nonetheless, a great number of species with proximal opesiular indentations are currently assigned to the genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E5342A3F44488ACFFAD22C07FA68" blockId="8.[151,1436,953,1483]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">
As already highlighted by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA98C52A3F44488BE5FAD12D90FA27" author="Taylor, P. D. &amp; Martha, S. O. &amp; Gordon, D. P." box="[493,710,1385,1412]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" pagination="1657 - 1721" refId="ref15327" refString="Taylor, P. D., Martha, S. O. &amp; Gordon, D. P. (2018) Synopsis of ' onychocellid' cheilostome bryozoan genera. Journal of Natural History, 52, 1657 - 1721. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2018.1481235" type="journal article" year="2018">
Taylor
<emphasis id="B95F39262A3F44488834FAD22D25FA20" box="[572,627,1385,1411]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
, a thorough revision is needed of the 42 Recent and fossil species currently assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9EB72A3F44488B8CFA362DD9FA0B" authority="(Bock 2022)" baseAuthorityName="Bock" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[388,655,1421,1448]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Smittipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F39262A3F44488B8CFA362EACFA0B" box="[388,506,1422,1448]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Smittipora</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA98C52A3F44488800FA352DD1FA0B" author="Bock, P." box="[520,647,1421,1448]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" refId="ref12079" refString="Bock, P. (2022) The Bryozoa Homepage. Recent and Fossil Bryozoa. Available at http: // bryozoa. net / (accessed 2 February 2022)." type="url" year="2022">Bock 2022</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, considering that some of these species have, in addition to the marked opesiular indentations, also asymmetrical vicarious avicularia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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