215 lines
31 KiB
XML
215 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="49CFFEDDCE2D1FCDE774B000FABF1CB0" ID-CLB-Dataset="8439" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4926.2.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e42ae5e8-64fd-4ba2-942e-35d39cf739d4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4506176" ID-ZooBank="627A6813-F78B-44C4-822D-5392EDBC522D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1612509362967" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Yang, Guo-Hui, Zhang, Hao-Miao & Orr, Albert G." docDate="2021" docId="03BA4033FFABFFDAA5991CDF53EDE7AA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4926.2.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4926 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Caliphaea angka Hamalainen 2003" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="277" masterDocId="FF83384BFFAAFFDBA50E1D0A5736E05C" masterDocTitle="Descriptions of larvae of Caliphaea angka Hämäläinen, 2003 and Mnais gregoryi Fraser, 1924 (Odonata: Calopterygidae)" masterLastPageNumber="284" masterPageNumber="276" pageNumber="277" updateTime="1698927644298" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DB93795DAAA4A326CAB7426ED9207152">
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<mods:title id="1AB819C7B01FFFB88189BD7C0B0240A2">Descriptions of larvae of Caliphaea angka Hämäläinen, 2003 and Mnais gregoryi Fraser, 1924 (Odonata: Calopterygidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FB32F21B0E796274232B46016C88B3D4">Yang, Guo-Hui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AC6E251CA68AB42B2E607F4D495FB750">College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Dali University, Yunnan 671003, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5BE5FEBD169F36202F303F22CA0D3937">Zhang, Hao-Miao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8246CDA7F8F31558680435E60DB9D4C6" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8485-7401</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="6AEC3C5B22B4707664222B3C6DADED22">South China DNA Barcoding Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 670000, China. zhanghaomiao 6988 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8485 - 7401</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EBAED2CBF747981C99A557EB2BB705A8" type="email">zhanghaomiao6988@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="4993FAD10905EA5F19C6898F6BD665EC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="09CA0E50FC82EC567CE256F0FE22B259">Orr, Albert G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FB14FE0DA2EB0A020B5BF013768E43B2">Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="379861BAB73866DF2C08CB25A987658E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2BEF20733D1EE8D15D1C88E95CD42C70">
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<mods:date id="213EB6B60004E49405496E5302B7129B">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8087502CC93823961B1ACADB971826BF">2021-02-05</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03BA4033FFABFFDAA5991CDF53EDE7AA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4506178" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177213083" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4506178" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA4033FFABFFDAA5991CDF53EDE7AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA4033FFABFFDAA5991CDF53EDE7AA" lastPageNumber="277" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">
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<subSubSection id="C309A2AEFFABFFDAA5991CDF5566E1B3" box="[151,592,469,496]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BACF125FFABFFDAA5991CDF5566E1B3" blockId="1.[151,592,469,532]" box="[151,592,469,496]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">
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<taxonomicName id="4C138AA6FFABFFDAA5991CDF5566E1B3" ID-CoL="PKRQ" authority="Hamalainen, 2003" authorityName="Hamalainen" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,592,469,496]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Caliphaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="1" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angka">
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<emphasis id="B9672D37FFABFFDAA5991CDF5566E1B3" bold="true" box="[151,592,469,496]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">
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<emphasis id="B9672D37FFABFFDAA5991CDF5653E1AC" bold="true" box="[151,357,469,496]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">Caliphaea angka</emphasis>
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Hämäläinen, 2003
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C309A2AEFFABFFDAA5991CF35696E248" box="[151,416,505,532]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BACF125FFABFFDAA5991CF35696E248" blockId="1.[151,592,469,532]" box="[151,416,505,532]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1328EDA0FFABFFDAA5911CF357D0E24F" box="[159,230,505,531]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[168,1416,204,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[152,1435,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Final stadium larva of Caliphaea angka, dorsal view, one lateral caudal and middle caudal gill missing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4506180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4506180/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1328EDA0FFABFFDAA5FA1CF35634E24F" box="[244,258,505,531]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1471,1495]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,191,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[151,1435,181,1447]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2 (a–p). Caliphaea angka: (a) right antenna; (b) prementum, ventral view; (c) right labial palp, dorsal view; (d) prementum, dorsal view; (e) right mandible, posterior view; (f) same, inner surface; (g) left mandible, posterior view; (h) same, inner surface; (i) left maxilla; (j) right maxilla; (k) female ovipositor, lateral view; (l) caudal gills, dorsal view; (m) lateral caudal gill, lateral view; (n) lateral caudal gill; inner view; (o) lateral caudal gill, dorsal view; (p) middle caudal gill, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4506182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4506182/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">2</figureCitation>
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a–p; 5a–c; 6a)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C309A2AEFFABFFDAA5991F365529E636" pageId="1" pageNumber="277" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BACF125FFABFFDAA5991F3653C8E2C3" blockId="1.[151,1437,572,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">
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<emphasis id="B9672D37FFABFFDAA5991F3656B2E20A" bold="true" box="[151,388,572,598]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">Material examined.</emphasis>
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2³³,
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<materialsCitation id="3B7BFB78FFABFFDAA4D91F3655D7E2C2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3031051302" collectingDate="2020-05-29" collectorName="Guo-Hui Yang & Sanjiacun Stream" country="China" elevation="2129" latitude="25.51" location="Fenyi Town" longLatPrecision="748" longitude="100.38" pageId="1" pageNumber="277" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
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<specimenCount id="9D153AACFFABFFDAA4D91F3656CCE20A" box="[471,506,572,598]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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larvae,
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<date id="FFADD7E5FFABFFDAA7541F3655F9E20A" box="[602,719,572,598]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277" value="2020-05-29">
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<collectingDate id="EFE92E0DFFABFFDAA7541F3655F9E20A" box="[602,719,572,598]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277" value="2020-05-29">29.V.2020</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, Sanjiacun Stream (
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE2797E2FFABFFDAA1241F3653A3E20A" box="[1066,1173,572,598]" degrees="100.38" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="277" precision="555" value="100.38">100.38°E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation id="003E1616FFABFFDAA1AA1F365274E20B" box="[1188,1346,572,599]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.129" pageId="1" pageNumber="277" unit="m" value="2129.0">
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<quantity id="4CEB5CC0FFABFFDAA1AA1F365232E20B" box="[1188,1284,572,599]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.129" pageId="1" pageNumber="277" unit="m" value="2129.0">2,129 m</quantity>
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a.s.l.
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</elevation>
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),
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<location id="8ECCA7FEFFABFFDAA0521F3657EFE227" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA4033FFABFFDAA5991CDF53EDE7AA:8ECCA7FEFFABFFDAA0521F3657EFE227" country="China" latitude="25.51" longLatPrecision="748" longitude="100.38" name="Fenyi Town" pageId="1" pageNumber="277" stateProvince="Yunnan">Fenyi Town</location>
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, Dali City,
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||
<collectingRegion id="49D73FC7FFABFFDAA4561F6B552DE226" box="[344,539,608,635]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F304B1B5FFABFFDAA7281F6A555AE226" box="[550,620,608,634]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">China</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectorName id="26E694F3FFABFFDAA7761F6A542DE227" box="[632,795,608,635]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">Guo-Hui Yang</collectorName>
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leg.
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<collectorName id="26E694F3FFABFFDAA65D1F6A532EE226" box="[851,1048,608,634]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">Sanjiacun Stream</collectorName>
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is small montane streams, it is
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<quantity id="4CEB5CC0FFABFFDAA0771F6A579BE2C3" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="277" unit="m" value="0.5">
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<elevation id="003E1616FFABFFDAA0771F6A579BE2C3" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="277" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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wide, water clear and gravel covered on substrate
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<specimenCount id="9D153AACFFABFFDAA7E21F8E5438E2C2" box="[748,782,644,670]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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larva was successfully raised to emergence.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BACF125FFABFFDAA5C91FA25645E357" blockId="1.[151,1437,572,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">
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<emphasis id="B9672D37FFABFFDAA5C91FA25610E29E" bold="true" box="[199,294,680,706]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">Habitus</emphasis>
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: A stoutly built caloperygid larva with long legs; coloration overall pale brown heavily mottled with dark brown markings. Lateral gills short and ovate, with robust spines on mid-rib but dorsal and ventral margins smooth (
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<figureCitation id="1328EDA0FFABFFDAA5F61FFA5609E356" box="[248,319,752,778]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[168,1416,204,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[152,1435,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Final stadium larva of Caliphaea angka, dorsal view, one lateral caudal and middle caudal gill missing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4506180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4506180/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1328EDA0FFABFFDAA4431FFA5650E357" box="[333,358,752,779]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1471,1495]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,191,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[151,1435,181,1447]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2 (a–p). Caliphaea angka: (a) right antenna; (b) prementum, ventral view; (c) right labial palp, dorsal view; (d) prementum, dorsal view; (e) right mandible, posterior view; (f) same, inner surface; (g) left mandible, posterior view; (h) same, inner surface; (i) left maxilla; (j) right maxilla; (k) female ovipositor, lateral view; (l) caudal gills, dorsal view; (m) lateral caudal gill, lateral view; (n) lateral caudal gill; inner view; (o) lateral caudal gill, dorsal view; (p) middle caudal gill, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4506182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4506182/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">2l</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BACF125FFABFFDAA5C91E1E53C3E57B" blockId="1.[151,1437,572,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">
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<emphasis id="B9672D37FFABFFDAA5C91E1E5631E372" bold="true" box="[199,263,788,814]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">Head</emphasis>
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: Wider than long, about 2.2 times as wide as long and roughly pentangular, Occiput concave, eyes of moderate size, elongate-rounded, situated at sides of head directed mainly forward (
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<figureCitation id="1328EDA0FFABFFDAA1301E325349E30E" box="[1086,1151,824,850]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[168,1416,204,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[152,1435,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Final stadium larva of Caliphaea angka, dorsal view, one lateral caudal and middle caudal gill missing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4506180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4506180/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). Antenna, 7–segmented, 1
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<superScript id="7C665C6DFFABFFDAA5AB1E565786E336" attach="left" box="[165,176,860,874]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">st</superScript>
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segment thick, with distinct sub-terminal inward bend, and extremely long, accounting for 2/5 of the whole entire antenna length; terminal segments filiform; length of each antennal segment (mm): 1.65, 0.75, 0.5, 0.45, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1 (
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<figureCitation id="1328EDA0FFABFFDAA5AE1EAE57C7E3E2" box="[160,241,932,958]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1471,1495]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,191,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[151,1435,181,1447]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2 (a–p). Caliphaea angka: (a) right antenna; (b) prementum, ventral view; (c) right labial palp, dorsal view; (d) prementum, dorsal view; (e) right mandible, posterior view; (f) same, inner surface; (g) left mandible, posterior view; (h) same, inner surface; (i) left maxilla; (j) right maxilla; (k) female ovipositor, lateral view; (l) caudal gills, dorsal view; (m) lateral caudal gill, lateral view; (n) lateral caudal gill; inner view; (o) lateral caudal gill, dorsal view; (p) middle caudal gill, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4506182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4506182/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
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). Labium dirty yellow, strongly and abruptly expanded in distal 1/
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<quantity id="4CEB5CC0FFABFFDAA6C21EAE54CEE3E2" box="[972,1016,932,958]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="1" pageNumber="277" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
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dorsal view, distal margin of prementum with small teeth, its apical border strongly produced beyond level of base of palps and very deeply incised, the length of median cleft
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<quantity id="4CEB5CC0FFABFFDAA49F1EE656DEE45B" box="[401,488,1004,1031]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="277" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
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, only slightly expanded towards base and rounded at the bottom; width to length ratio of median cleft about 1:5; each lobe bearing a long robust inward directed seta near its inner margin just before the mid-point of the lobe; labial palp with large robust movable hook and three long, curved, sharp end hooks of unequal length at the apex; the inner one being shortest, about 1/4 as long as the long central hook; basal to movable hook palp bears one long and three shorter but robust dorsal setae; outer margin of palp with sparse ‘pelt’ of numerous but much finer setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328EDA0FFABFFDAA45319AA56A9E4E7" box="[349,415,1184,1211]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1471,1495]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,191,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[151,1435,181,1447]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2 (a–p). Caliphaea angka: (a) right antenna; (b) prementum, ventral view; (c) right labial palp, dorsal view; (d) prementum, dorsal view; (e) right mandible, posterior view; (f) same, inner surface; (g) left mandible, posterior view; (h) same, inner surface; (i) left maxilla; (j) right maxilla; (k) female ovipositor, lateral view; (l) caudal gills, dorsal view; (m) lateral caudal gill, lateral view; (n) lateral caudal gill; inner view; (o) lateral caudal gill, dorsal view; (p) middle caudal gill, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4506182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4506182/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
b–c). Mandibles brown, left mandible with five incisors, L 123450 a(m
|
||
<superScript id="7C665C6DFFABFFDAA1BA19AA53D3E4F2" attach="left" box="[1204,1253,1184,1198]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">1,2, 3,4</superScript>
|
||
) b, 4> 5> 3> 2> 1, molar crest produced straight;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0269E0FFABFFDAA72E19CF5505E483" box="[544,563,1221,1247]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">R</collectionCode>
|
||
12345 y a, right mandible with similar incisors, molar crest absent, additional tooth
|
||
<emphasis id="B9672D37FFABFFDAA5D919E357D5E55E" box="[215,227,1257,1282]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">y</emphasis>
|
||
on the right mandible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328EDA0FFABFFDAA4EB19E25511E55F" box="[485,551,1256,1283]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1471,1495]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,191,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[151,1435,181,1447]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2 (a–p). Caliphaea angka: (a) right antenna; (b) prementum, ventral view; (c) right labial palp, dorsal view; (d) prementum, dorsal view; (e) right mandible, posterior view; (f) same, inner surface; (g) left mandible, posterior view; (h) same, inner surface; (i) left maxilla; (j) right maxilla; (k) female ovipositor, lateral view; (l) caudal gills, dorsal view; (m) lateral caudal gill, lateral view; (n) lateral caudal gill; inner view; (o) lateral caudal gill, dorsal view; (p) middle caudal gill, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4506182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4506182/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
e–h). Galeolacinea of maxilla seen in ventral view with six strong curved spines and sparse long setae; maxillary palp narrow, curved and bearing long, dense, fine setae. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328EDA0FFABFFDAA18A180653F0E57B" box="[1156,1222,1292,1319]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1471,1495]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,191,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[151,1435,181,1447]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2 (a–p). Caliphaea angka: (a) right antenna; (b) prementum, ventral view; (c) right labial palp, dorsal view; (d) prementum, dorsal view; (e) right mandible, posterior view; (f) same, inner surface; (g) left mandible, posterior view; (h) same, inner surface; (i) left maxilla; (j) right maxilla; (k) female ovipositor, lateral view; (l) caudal gills, dorsal view; (m) lateral caudal gill, lateral view; (n) lateral caudal gill; inner view; (o) lateral caudal gill, dorsal view; (p) middle caudal gill, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4506182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4506182/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
i–j).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BACF125FFABFFDAA5C9183A5388E5EA" blockId="1.[151,1437,572,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9672D37FFABFFDAA5C9183A5616E516" bold="true" box="[199,288,1328,1354]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Prothorax roughly rectangular, extending slightly laterally, with broad quadrate light marking dorsally. Synthorax brown and smooth, with light brown dorsal triangular mark. Legs long, hind femur reaching the end of S4; all legs with three broad dark brown bands on femora and tibiae. Wing cases parallel and long, forewing cases reaching the anterior margin of S5 and hindwing cases reaching the hind margin of S5 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328EDA0FFABFFDAA1651896539BE5EA" box="[1131,1197,1436,1462]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[168,1416,204,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[152,1435,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Final stadium larva of Caliphaea angka, dorsal view, one lateral caudal and middle caudal gill missing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4506180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4506180/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BACF125FFABFFDAA5C918CA5529E636" blockId="1.[151,1437,572,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9672D37FFABFFDAA5C918CA560AE586" bold="true" box="[199,316,1472,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Short, cylindrical, brown and with pale longitudinal irregular-margined dorsal stripes. No lateral spines present. Ovipositor of female extending to basal 4/5 of S10 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328EDA0FFABFFDAA68918EE54EDE5A3" box="[903,987,1508,1535]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1471,1495]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,191,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[151,1435,181,1447]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2 (a–p). Caliphaea angka: (a) right antenna; (b) prementum, ventral view; (c) right labial palp, dorsal view; (d) prementum, dorsal view; (e) right mandible, posterior view; (f) same, inner surface; (g) left mandible, posterior view; (h) same, inner surface; (i) left maxilla; (j) right maxilla; (k) female ovipositor, lateral view; (l) caudal gills, dorsal view; (m) lateral caudal gill, lateral view; (n) lateral caudal gill; inner view; (o) lateral caudal gill, dorsal view; (p) middle caudal gill, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4506182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4506182/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">Fig. 2k</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral caudal appendages ovoid, dark brown, with irregular markings on the edges, with 4 big and 5 small robust spines on the mid-rib; middle appendage distinctly smaller, thin and sub-ovate, pale with very broad darker band from near base to post-medially and dark mark at rounded apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328EDA0FFABFFDAA4941B5A56EAE636" box="[410,476,1616,1642]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1471,1495]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,191,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[151,1435,181,1447]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2 (a–p). Caliphaea angka: (a) right antenna; (b) prementum, ventral view; (c) right labial palp, dorsal view; (d) prementum, dorsal view; (e) right mandible, posterior view; (f) same, inner surface; (g) left mandible, posterior view; (h) same, inner surface; (i) left maxilla; (j) right maxilla; (k) female ovipositor, lateral view; (l) caudal gills, dorsal view; (m) lateral caudal gill, lateral view; (n) lateral caudal gill; inner view; (o) lateral caudal gill, dorsal view; (p) middle caudal gill, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4506182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4506182/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
m–p).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C309A2AEFFABFFDAA5C91B7E56EAE6EE" pageId="1" pageNumber="277" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BACF125FFABFFDAA5C91B7E56EAE6EE" blockId="1.[151,1437,572,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9672D37FFABFFDAA5C91B7E5689E6D2" bold="true" box="[199,447,1652,1678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">Measurements (mm)</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length 22; length of the abdomen 12; maximum head width 3, length of the hind femur 6; lateral caudal gill 4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C309A2AEFFABFFDAA5C91BB653EDE7AA" pageId="1" pageNumber="277" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BACF125FFABFFDAA5C91BB6544DE742" blockId="1.[151,1437,572,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9672D37FFABFFDAA5C91BB656E6E68A" bold="true" box="[199,464,1724,1750]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
It is now known that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF828CD4FFABFFDAA7DE1BB6544BE68A" author="Fraser, F. C." box="[720,893,1724,1750]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277" pagination="81 - 93" refId="ref3574" refString="Fraser, F. C. (1943) New oriental Odonata larvae. Proceedings of the Royal entomological society, London, (b), 12 (5 / 6), 81 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1943. tb 00749. x" type="journal article" year="1943">Fraser’s (1943)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C138AA6FFABFFDAA1231BB65390E68A" authorityName="Hagen" authorityYear="1859" box="[1069,1190,1724,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Caliphaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="1" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9672D37FFABFFDAA1231BB65390E68A" box="[1069,1190,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">C. confusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is erroneous. Among other, minor differences, it is likely that the forked prementum is less produced in that species than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C138AA6FFABFFDAA0021BEA5247E6A6" authorityName="Hamalainen" authorityYear="2003" box="[1292,1393,1760,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Caliphaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="1" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angka">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9672D37FFABFFDAA0021BEA5247E6A6" box="[1292,1393,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">C. angka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but more material needs to be examined before this can be confirmed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BACF125FFABFFDAA5C91A2255CBE7D6" blockId="1.[151,1437,572,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9672D37FFABFFDAA5C91A2256B5E71E" bold="true" box="[199,387,1832,1858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">Biological notes</emphasis>
|
||
. The larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C138AA6FFABFFDAA72A1A2255BFE71E" authorityName="Hamalainen" authorityYear="2003" box="[548,649,1832,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Caliphaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="1" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angka">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9672D37FFABFFDAA72A1A2255BFE71E" box="[548,649,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">C. angka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found in small sluggish montane streams, with numerous hydrophytes in the Erhai lake Basin (alt. ca
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB5CC0FFABFFDAA7411A4655CDE73B" box="[591,763,1868,1895]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="277" unit="m" value="2550.0" valueMax="2800.0" valueMin="2300.0">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2797E2FFABFFDAA7411A4655B8E73A" box="[591,654,1868,1894]" degrees="2,300" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="277" precision="55" value="2.3">2,300</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2797E2FFABFFDAA7801A4655EDE73A" box="[654,731,1868,1894]" degrees="2,800" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="277" precision="55" value="-2.8">–2,800</geoCoordinate>
|
||
m
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328EDA0FFABFFDAA61A1A46545EE73B" box="[788,872,1868,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1986,2010]" captionTargetBox="[331,1262,194,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-22@7.[317,1270,181,1963]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6 (a–b). Habitat of: (a) Caliphaea angka; (b) Mnais gregoryi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4534384" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4534384/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">Fig. 6a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Breeding adults (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328EDA0FFABFFDAA14C1A4653B3E73B" box="[1090,1157,1868,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,391,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-85@6.[151,1436,381,1839]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5 (a–e). Adults and larvae of Calipheae angka and Mnais gregoryi: (a) teneral female of Caliphaea angka freshly emerged in the laboratory; (b) Sexually mature male of C. angka perched on streamside vegetation; (c) larva of C. angka doing push-ups; (d) final instar larva of Mnais gregoryi near emergence in laboratory; (e) mature male of M. gregoryi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4506190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4506190/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
a–b) frequent the stream margins. The flight season range from April to August.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BACF125FFABFFDAA5C91A9E53EDE7AA" blockId="1.[151,1437,572,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">
|
||
During the rearing, we have noticed a rather peculiar behavior. When a larva crawled onto the surface of a stone or on a small branch, its whole body was lifted by stretching of the tibiae, similar to a human doing “push-ups” (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328EDA0FFABFFDAA0611AB25782E7AB" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,391,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-85@6.[151,1436,381,1839]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5 (a–e). Adults and larvae of Calipheae angka and Mnais gregoryi: (a) teneral female of Caliphaea angka freshly emerged in the laboratory; (b) Sexually mature male of C. angka perched on streamside vegetation; (c) larva of C. angka doing push-ups; (d) final instar larva of Mnais gregoryi near emergence in laboratory; (e) mature male of M. gregoryi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4506190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4506190/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="277">Fig. 5c</figureCitation>
|
||
). This exercise was performed 15–20 times a day, and may be a territorial display by the larva.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |