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<document id="4DCEB780CEBFA8EC4180F549A9AE42CF" ID-CLB-Dataset="276827" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2311" ID-GBIF-Dataset="26807edc-bf1c-47f6-89d7-b0ad227154bd" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10088441" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1699002537428" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Turner, I. M." docDate="2023" docId="D24187CA2701FFDEFDDFB2E60D4CF8FD" docLanguage="en" docName="EJT.2023.900.180-193.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 900" docSource="https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2311/10041" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Tinospora singapura I. M. Turner 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="191" masterDocId="2E78FFB22709FFD5FFFAB6210845FD60" masterDocTitle="Revision of Tinospora (Menispermaceae - Chasmantheroideae - Burasaieae) in Singapore" masterLastPageNumber="193" masterPageNumber="180" pageNumber="188" updateTime="1699512623247" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="F3EE29B273317720C51088D7E9F927FD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="375F59BFC48404D80452C4AE69BAF212">Revision of Tinospora (Menispermaceae - Chasmantheroideae - Burasaieae) in Singapore</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="700F7DEF1A33361A56147F8C7144A503">Turner, I. M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9FEB99E88FB720B09A8C6B49A9F848DB">Singapore Botanical Liaison Officer, Science Directorate, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, U. K. &amp; Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, 259569 Singapore.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="A95A62EE20226B6785AD173A6DDCB258">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="7C2725818474E4E0010A5BA897031C9A">
<mods:date id="B28852EDBD52216856D686B87EE1B408">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2FCA632587CC6991EB1F9CFAC48737BC">2023-11-02</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="B2C2683AAF2FC77123EAD0E637301D94" type="volume">
<mods:number id="928150452F55F3B277B9D403D0F4D37D">900</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="11B60E4D734D1969D858F5060E6B9918">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="EE75AB07770CBF1E2A6F2025E8B63E3E" type="CLB-Dataset">276827</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="02EB7D43CC793D3600AC08172B11BEF9" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2023.900.2311</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="625ECE63C1E5DD74EC9436FE7EFF6B34" type="GBIF-Dataset">26807edc-bf1c-47f6-89d7-b0ad227154bd</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B8015F8873018689E27F7C633D32FF61" type="ISSN">2118-9773</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="63C9D701EC7B3B929E60E9B6E5718A89" type="Zenodo-Dep">10088441</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="D24187CA2701FFDEFDDFB2E60D4CF8FD" ID-GBIF-Taxon="217314322" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA2701FFDEFDDFB2E60D4CF8FD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D24187CA2701FFDEFDDFB2E60D4CF8FD" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="191" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
<subSubSection id="12F265572701FFDDFDDFB2E60C4AF982" box="[549,1039,1223,1250]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2701FFDDFDDFB2E60C4AF982" blockId="8.[549,1039,1223,1320]" box="[549,1039,1223,1250]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
<heading id="011F81B02701FFDDFDDFB2E60C4AF982" box="[549,1039,1223,1250]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2701FFDDFDDFB2E60BE8F982" authority="I.M.Turner" authorityName="I. M. Turner" authorityYear="2023" box="[549,941,1223,1250]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="singapura" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFDDFB2E60B61F981" bold="true" box="[549,804,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Tinospora singapura</emphasis>
I.M.Turner
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73AF57B52701FFDDFC4EB2E90C4AF982" box="[948,1039,1224,1250]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F265572701FFDDFDBDB2CB0B09F848" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="description">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2701FFDDFDBDB2CB0BA8F864" blockId="8.[549,1039,1223,1320]" box="[583,1005,1258,1284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77329783-1</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2701FFDDFD1DB32F0B09F848" blockId="8.[549,1039,1223,1320]" box="[743,844,1293,1320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
<figureCitation id="C2D32A592701FFDDFD1DB32F0B09F848" box="[743,844,1293,1320]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="9.[189,232,1710,1736]" captionStartId-1="10.[189,232,1051,1077]" captionStartId-2="10.[189,232,1956,1982]" captionTargetBox-0="[277,1312,266,1651]" captionTargetBox-1="[230,1353,265,991]" captionTargetBox-2="[230,1353,1198,1897]" captionTargetId-0="figure-162@9.[262,1326,257,1663]" captionTargetId-1="figure-36@10.[227,1356,265,994]" captionTargetId-2="figure-12@10.[228,1356,1195,1900]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionText-0="Fig. 5. Tinospora singapura I.M.Turner sp. nov. A. Habit of female plant. B. Detail of stem and petiole surface at * in A. C. Leaf base abaxial view, note absence of domatia. D. Abaxial leaf surface centrally. E. Detail of fascicle of flowers on female inflorescence. F. Open flower, side view, with developing flower bud to left. G. Flower in F after removal of two inner sepals to reveal petals and the three carpels. H, I. Inner sepals, abaxial view. J. Petal, abaxial view. K. Flower in G after removal of petal to reveal staminode. L. Drupe in dry state. M. Endocarp. N. Endocarp after splitting with seed removed. Drawn by Andrew Brown. Graduated single bar = 2 mm and 5 mm; double bar = 1 cm; graduated double bar = 2 cm and 5 cm. Material used: Lua et al. SING 2016-152 (SING) (A–E); Lua et al. SING 2016-154 (SING) (F–N)." captionText-1="Fig. 6. Plant of Tinospora singapura I.M.Turner sp. nov. in Singapore showing stems and abundant aerial roots. Photo: Reuben Lim." captionText-2="Fig. 7. Fallen fruits and endocarps of Tinospora singapura I.M.Turner sp. nov., with the seed germinating in one case. Photo: Reuben Lim." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088451" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088453" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088455" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10088451/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10088453/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10088455/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Figs 5–7</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F265572701FFDDFF47B36E0941FB62" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2701FFDDFF47B36E0973F809" blockId="8.[189,310,1359,1385]" box="[189,310,1359,1385]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
<heading id="011F81B02701FFDDFF47B36E0973F809" bold="true" box="[189,310,1359,1385]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" reason="3">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFF47B36E0973F809" bold="true" box="[189,310,1359,1385]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2701FFDDFF47B35F0941FB62" blockId="8.[189,1399,1406,1538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
Similar to
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2701FFDDFEC3B35F0A5BF8F8" authority="Becc." authorityName="Becc." box="[313,542,1406,1432]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sumatrana">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFEC3B35F0990F8F7" box="[313,469,1406,1431]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">T. sumatrana</emphasis>
Becc.
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2701FFDDFDADB35F0B41F8F7" box="[599,772,1406,1431]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFDADB35F0B41F8F7" box="[599,772,1406,1431]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">T. macrocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs in having leaves with the base rounded to cuneate, rather than cordate, and 3-nerved, rather than 5-nerved, with no glandular patches in the axils of those main nerves adaxially, and the fruit endocarp being densely verruculose rather than with scattered warts.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F265572701FFDDFF47B0080ABFFBF4" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2701FFDDFF47B0080901FB23" blockId="8.[189,324,1577,1603]" box="[189,324,1577,1603]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
<heading id="011F81B02701FFDDFF47B0080901FB23" bold="true" box="[189,324,1577,1603]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" reason="3">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFF47B0080901FB23" bold="true" box="[189,324,1577,1603]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2701FFDDFF47B0760ABFFBF4" blockId="8.[189,1399,1623,1685]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
The specific epithet consists of the Malay name for
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C2701FFDDFCC0B0760BF1FB11" box="[826,948,1623,1649]" name="Singapore" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, the
<typeStatus id="8553887E2701FFDDFC0BB0790C61FB12" box="[1009,1060,1624,1650]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">type</typeStatus>
locality of the species. The epithet should be treated as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F265572701FFDDFF47B09D0A16FAB3" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2701FFDDFF47B09D09EFFBB6" blockId="8.[189,426,1724,1750]" box="[189,426,1724,1750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
<heading id="011F81B02701FFDDFF47B09D09EFFBB6" bold="true" box="[189,426,1724,1750]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" reason="3">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFF47B09D09EFFBB6" bold="true" box="[189,426,1724,1750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2701FFDDFF10B0CA0962FA65" blockId="8.[189,1398,1771,1868]" box="[234,295,1771,1797]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFF10B0CA0962FA65" bold="true" box="[234,295,1771,1797]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Type</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2701FFDDFF47B12F0D7BFA2B" blockId="8.[189,1398,1771,1868]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
<materialsCitation id="EA803C812701FFDDFF47B12F0D72FA2B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967306" collectingDate="2016-09-15" collectionCode="SING" collectorName="H.K. Lua &amp; R. Lim" country="Singapore" location="Jalan Kampong Chantek to Bukit Tinggi Road" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" specimenCode="SING0253451, SING0253452" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C2701FFDDFF47B12F0927FA48" box="[189,354,1806,1832]" name="Singapore" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">SINGAPORE</collectingCountry>
•
<location id="5F3760072701FFDDFE80B12F0ADCFA48" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA2701FFDEFDDFB2E60D4CF8FD:5F3760072701FFDDFE80B12F0ADCFA48" box="[378,665,1806,1832]" country="Singapore" county="Lim" municipality="Bukit Tinggi Road" name="Jalan Kampong Chantek" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Jalan Kampong Chantek</location>
to
<collectingMunicipality id="BA33ACA62701FFDDFD44B12F0BDFFA48" box="[702,922,1806,1832]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Bukit Tinggi Road</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date id="2E56101C2701FFDDFC5CB12C0C07FA47" box="[934,1090,1805,1832]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" value="2016-09-15">
<collectingDate id="3E12E9F42701FFDDFC5CB12C0C07FA47" box="[934,1090,1805,1832]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" value="2016-09-15">15 Sep. 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFBB7B12F096AFA2B" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE192701FFDDFBB7B12F0C23FA47" box="[1101,1126,1806,1831]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE192701FFDDFB90B12F0CC4FA47" box="[1130,1153,1806,1831]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
. Lua &amp;
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE192701FFDDFB25B12F0CB1FA47" box="[1247,1268,1806,1831]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectingCounty id="B3364E502701FFDDFAFAB12F0D6BFA47" box="[1280,1326,1806,1831]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Lim</collectingCounty>
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA72701FFDDFACFB12F096AFA2B" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">SING 2016-152</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
;
<typeStatus id="8553887E2701FFDDFEC4B11009E0FA2B" box="[318,421,1841,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE192701FFDDFE56B11009B7FA2C" box="[428,498,1841,1868]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">SING</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA72701FFDDFE03B1100AEDFA2C" box="[505,680,1841,1868]" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">SING0253451</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA72701FFDDFD4EB1100B27FA2C" box="[692,866,1841,1868]" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">SING0253452</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="4CEEFD552701FFDDFC94B1100C4AFA2B" box="[878,1039,1841,1867]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
mounted on two sheets]
</materialsCitation>
!.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2701FFDDFF10B1530919FAEC" blockId="8.[189,1398,1906,2003]" box="[234,348,1906,1932]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFF10B1530919FAEC" bold="true" box="[234,348,1906,1932]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
<typeStatus id="8553887E2701FFDDFF10B1530919FAEC" box="[234,348,1906,1932]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2701FFDDFF47B1B70A16FAB3" blockId="8.[189,1398,1906,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
<materialsCitation id="EA803C812701FFDDFF47B1B70A09FAB3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435967316" collectingDate="2016-09-15" collectionCode="SING" collectorName="H.K. Lua &amp; R. Lim" country="Singapore" location="Jalan Kampong Chantek to Bukit Tinggi Road" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" specimenCode="SING0251968" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C2701FFDDFF47B1B70927FAD0" box="[189,354,1942,1968]" name="Singapore" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">SINGAPORE</collectingCountry>
•
<location id="5F3760072701FFDDFE80B1B40ADCFACF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D24187CA2701FFDEFDDFB2E60D4CF8FD:5F3760072701FFDDFE80B1B40ADCFACF" box="[378,665,1941,1968]" country="Singapore" municipality="Bukit Tinggi Road" name="Jalan Kampong Chantek" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Jalan Kampong Chantek</location>
to
<collectingMunicipality id="BA33ACA62701FFDDFD44B1B40BDFFACF" box="[702,922,1941,1967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">Bukit Tinggi Road</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date id="2E56101C2701FFDDFC5CB1B40C07FACF" box="[934,1090,1941,1968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" value="2016-09-15">
<collectingDate id="3E12E9F42701FFDDFC5CB1B40C07FACF" box="[934,1090,1941,1968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" value="2016-09-15">15 Sep. 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="689CEACE2701FFDDFBB7B1B7096BFAB2" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE192701FFDDFBB7B1B70C23FACF" box="[1101,1126,1942,1967]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE192701FFDDFB90B1B70CC4FACF" box="[1130,1153,1942,1967]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
. Lua &amp;
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE192701FFDDFB25B1B70CB1FACF" box="[1247,1268,1942,1967]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">R</collectionCode>
. Lim
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA72701FFDDFACFB1B7096BFAB2" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">SING 2016-154</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="3CF9AE192701FFDDFEC4B19909C2FAB3" box="[318,391,1976,2003]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">SING</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="0A4E9EA72701FFDDFE74B1990A01FAB3" box="[398,580,1976,2003]" collectionCode="SING" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" type="Herbarium">SING0251968</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
!.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="0E9766542700FFDCFF47B08F0929FA82" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088451" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10088451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10088451/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="189" startId="9.[189,232,1710,1736]" targetBox="[277,1312,266,1651]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2700FFDCFF47B08F0929FA82" blockId="9.[189,1399,1710,2018]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFF47B08F094EFBA9" bold="true" box="[189,267,1710,1737]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2700FFDCFEE8B08E0AD6FBA9" authority="I.M.Turner" authorityName="I. M. Turner" authorityYear="2023" box="[274,659,1711,1737]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="9" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="singapura" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFEE8B08E0A4FFBA8" box="[274,522,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">Tinospora singapura</emphasis>
I.M.Turner
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73AF57B52700FFDCFD60B08E0AB1FBA9" box="[666,756,1711,1737]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFD01B08F0B5DFBA8" bold="true" box="[763,792,1710,1736]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">A.</emphasis>
Habit of female plant.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFBDCB08E0C04FBA9" bold="true" box="[1062,1089,1711,1737]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">B.</emphasis>
Detail of stem and petiole surface at * in A.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFE6EB0F309F4FB8C" bold="true" box="[404,433,1746,1772]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">C.</emphasis>
Leaf base abaxial view, note absence of domatia.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFC0DB0F30C51FB8C" bold="true" box="[1015,1044,1746,1772]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">D.</emphasis>
Abaxial leaf surface centrally.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFF47B0D4089DFA6F" bold="true" box="[189,216,1781,1807]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">E.</emphasis>
Detail of fascicle of flowers on female inflorescence.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFC97B0D40BC6FA6F" bold="true" box="[877,899,1781,1807]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">F.</emphasis>
Open flower, side view, with developing flower bud to left.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFE69B13909F4FA52" bold="true" box="[403,433,1816,1842]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">G.</emphasis>
Flower in F after removal of two inner sepals to reveal petals and the three carpels.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFF47B11D08B3FA36" bold="true" box="[189,246,1852,1878]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">H, I.</emphasis>
Inner sepals, abaxial view.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFDC5B11D0A10FA36" bold="true" box="[575,597,1852,1878]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">J.</emphasis>
Petal, abaxial view.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFCB0B11D0B2CFA36" bold="true" box="[842,873,1852,1878]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">K.</emphasis>
Flower in G after removal of petal to reveal staminode.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFEBFB17E0925FA19" bold="true" box="[325,352,1887,1913]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">L.</emphasis>
Drupe in dry state.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFDB6B17E0A2BFA19" bold="true" box="[588,622,1887,1913]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">M.</emphasis>
Endocarp.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFD0CB17E0B56FA19" bold="true" box="[758,787,1887,1913]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">N.</emphasis>
Endocarp after splitting with seed removed. Drawn by Andrew Brown. Graduated single bar = 2 mm and 5 mm; double bar = 1 cm; graduated double bar = 2 cm and 5 cm. Material used:
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFDBDB1870B3BFADF" box="[583,894,1957,1983]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2700FFDCFDBDB1870A30FADF" authorityName="SING" authorityYear="2015" box="[583,629,1958,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Lua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="189" phylum="Acritarcha" rank="genus">Lua</taxonomicName>
et al. SING 2016-152
</emphasis>
(SING) (A–E);
<emphasis id="689CEACE2700FFDCFBBAB1870D33FADF" box="[1088,1398,1957,1983]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2700FFDCFBBAB1870C2BFADF" authorityName="SING" authorityYear="2015" box="[1088,1134,1958,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Lua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="189" phylum="Acritarcha" rank="genus">Lua</taxonomicName>
et al. SING 2016-154
</emphasis>
(SING) (F–N).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="0E9766542703FFDFFF47B23A0A79F938" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088453" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10088453" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10088453/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="190" startId="10.[189,232,1051,1077]" targetBox="[230,1353,265,991]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2703FFDFFF47B23A0A79F938" blockId="10.[189,1399,1051,1113]" pageId="10" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2703FFDFFF47B23A094BF955" bold="true" box="[189,270,1051,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="190">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
Plant of
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2703FFDFFE7BB23D0B4DF956" authority="I.M.Turner" authorityName="I. M. Turner" authorityYear="2023" box="[385,776,1052,1078]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="10" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="singapura" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2703FFDFFE7BB23D0A39F955" box="[385,636,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="190">Tinospora singapura</emphasis>
I.M.Turner
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73AF57B52703FFDFFCE8B23D0B35F956" box="[786,880,1052,1078]" pageId="10" pageNumber="190" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in Singapore showing stems and abundant aerial roots. Photo: Reuben Lim.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="0E9766542703FFDFFF47B1850A7EFA81" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088455" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10088455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10088455/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="190" startId="10.[189,232,1956,1982]" targetBox="[230,1353,1198,1897]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2703FFDFFF47B1850A7EFA81" blockId="10.[189,1399,1956,2018]" pageId="10" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2703FFDFFF47B185094CFADE" bold="true" box="[189,265,1956,1982]" pageId="10" pageNumber="190">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
Fallen fruits and endocarps of
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2703FFDFFD92B1840BA1FADF" authority="I.M.Turner" authorityName="I. M. Turner" authorityYear="2023" box="[616,996,1957,1983]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="10" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="singapura" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2703FFDFFD92B1840B1BFADE" box="[616,862,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="190">Tinospora singapura</emphasis>
I.M.Turner
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73AF57B52703FFDFFC13B1840C01FADF" box="[1001,1092,1957,1983]" pageId="10" pageNumber="190" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, with the seed germinating in one case. Photo: Reuben Lim.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="12F265572702FFDEFF47B72909F7FE8E" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" type="description">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2702FFDEFF47B729090BFC42" blockId="11.[189,334,264,290]" box="[189,334,264,290]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">
<heading id="011F81B02702FFDEFF47B729090BFC42" bold="true" box="[189,334,264,290]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" reason="3">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2702FFDEFF47B729090BFC42" bold="true" box="[189,334,264,290]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2702FFDEFF47B71609F7FE8E" blockId="11.[189,1399,311,1006]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">
Woody climber with abundant descending aerial roots.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2702FFDEFCA4B7190BE7FC31" box="[862,930,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Twigs</emphasis>
drying red-brown or brown, glabrous, shiny, irregularly longitudinally wrinkled, wrinkles narrow and quite sharp-edged with scattered raised pale lenticels, and leaf scars as raised, slightly concave, discs.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2702FFDEFC6AB75F0BA4FCF7" box="[912,993,382,407]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Leaves</emphasis>
chartaceous, glabrous, drying pale grey­brown, not peltate, 3­nerved at base, domatia absent, main nerves more or less flush above in dry leaves, raised beneath; lamina ovate to narrowly elliptic, 5–13 ×
<quantity id="9D109B392702FFDEFC44B7E50C00FCBE" box="[958,1093,452,479]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" unit="cm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5–5.5 cm</quantity>
, base rounded to cuneate, apex acuminate, reticulations visible from both surfaces; petiole
<quantity id="9D109B392702FFDEFC49B7C60C61FF62" box="[947,1060,487,514]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" unit="cm" value="3.25" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="2.0">2–4.5 cm</quantity>
, ca
<quantity id="9D109B392702FFDEFBAAB7C60CD1FF62" box="[1104,1172,487,514]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
wide at midlength, drying yellow­brown, finely and uniformly longitudinally striate, not notably swollen at ends when dry.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2702FFDEFF47B40C09ECFF27" box="[189,425,557,583]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Male inflorescences</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="689CEACE2702FFDEFE12B40C0A78FF27" box="[488,573,557,583]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">flowers</emphasis>
unknown.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2702FFDEFD3FB40C0B88FF27" box="[709,973,557,583]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Female inflorescences</emphasis>
from axils of fallen leaves, mostly solitary, main axis
<quantity id="9D109B392702FFDEFE61B4700A4AFF0B" box="[411,527,593,619]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" unit="cm" value="13.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="10.0">10–16 cm</quantity>
long, ca
<quantity id="9D109B392702FFDEFD81B4700AFAFF0B" box="[635,703,593,619]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
wide at base, glabrous, drying brown, finely longitudinally striate, slightly zig-zag, bearing on short lateral protruberences regularly spaced fascicles of 3–4 subsessile flowers or very reduced branches bearing 2–3 flowers.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2702FFDEFC32B4B60C38FFD1" box="[968,1149,663,689]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Female flowers</emphasis>
sessile to subsessile, sepals 3 + 3, outer sepals ovate, ca 0.5 ×
<quantity id="9D109B392702FFDEFD75B49B0AAEFFB5" box="[655,747,698,725]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
, drying brown, glabrous, minutely verruculose-papillate outside, inner sepals ovate, ca 1.5 ×
<quantity id="9D109B392702FFDEFD91B4FF0AF6FF98" box="[619,691,734,760]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
, drying dark brown, minutely verruculose-papillate outside, apical margin minutely ciliate, carpels 3, clavate, ca
<quantity id="9D109B392702FFDEFCD5B5200B30FE7B" box="[815,885,769,795]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="9D109B392702FFDEFC3BB5210C58FE7B" box="[961,1053,768,795]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
wide distally, drying yellow, stigma sessile.
<emphasis id="689CEACE2702FFDEFE8CB50409FBFE5E" box="[374,446,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Fruits</emphasis>
ovoid, 4.5 ×
<quantity id="9D109B392702FFDEFD96B5050AEFFE5E" box="[620,682,804,830]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
smooth, ripening orange­yellow, fleshy, drying brown and coarsely wrinkled with surface shiny and minutely rugulose, pericarp ca
<quantity id="9D109B392702FFDEFBDCB5660C29FE02" box="[1062,1132,839,866]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
thick, yellow in vivo, mesocarp thin and translucent; endocarp white, 3–3.5 ×
<quantity id="9D109B392702FFDEFCBCB54B0BDDFEE5" box="[838,920,874,901]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
, prominent narrow basal keel, very slight ventral groove, dorsal and lateral surfaces with a dense and more or less uniform covering of small, short conical warts, endocarp wall thin but quite stiff, splitting longitudinally from ventral groove and along middle of basal keel.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F265572702FFDEFF47B2340AFEF93E" box="[189,699,1045,1118]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2702FFDEFF47B2340913F94F" blockId="11.[189,342,1045,1071]" box="[189,342,1045,1071]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">
<heading id="011F81B02702FFDEFF47B2340913F94F" bold="true" box="[189,342,1045,1071]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" reason="3">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2702FFDEFF47B2340913F94F" bold="true" box="[189,342,1045,1071]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2702FFDEFF47B2650AFEF93E" blockId="11.[189,699,1092,1118]" box="[189,699,1092,1118]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">
The species is only known from
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C2702FFDEFDC6B2650AF2F93E" box="[572,695,1092,1118]" name="Singapore" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Singapore</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12F265572702FFDEFF47B2A40D4CF8FD" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2702FFDEFF47B2A40946F9FF" blockId="11.[189,259,1157,1183]" box="[189,259,1157,1183]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">
<heading id="011F81B02702FFDEFF47B2A40946F9FF" bold="true" box="[189,259,1157,1183]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" reason="3">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2702FFDEFF47B2A40946F9FF" bold="true" box="[189,259,1157,1183]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Notes</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2702FFDEFF47B2950A30F874" blockId="11.[189,1398,1204,1301]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">
The leaves and endocarps of the
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C2702FFDEFDB3B2950A85F9AE" box="[585,704,1204,1230]" name="Singapore" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Singapore</collectingCountry>
specimens are very distinctive and not readily confusable with any other known species of
<taxonomicName id="9DE84D5F2702FFDEFDB9B2F90AFEF991" box="[579,699,1240,1265]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Tinospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="689CEACE2702FFDEFDB9B2F90AFEF991" box="[579,699,1240,1265]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Tinospora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The stems and female flowers are typical for the genus, so there is no doubt about its placement.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A5736DC2702FFDEFF47B31D0D4CF8FD" blockId="11.[189,1399,1340,1437]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">
Why a species in a much-collected locality as
<collectingCountry id="22FF764C2702FFDEFD18B31D0B1CF836" box="[738,857,1340,1366]" name="Singapore" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Singapore</collectingCountry>
should escape detection until now is a matter for speculation. A possibility is that the plant or population at the Kampong Chantek site represents a relict of cultivation of a species brought from some distant place, perhaps Sumatra or Borneo.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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