treatments-xml/data/03/83/F5/0383F52FFF9CAD7B4102FE0FFC5D4D77.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4331927" ID-GBIF-Taxon="166139830" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4331927" ID-ZooBank="670E7C5B-7889-478D-AD7B-0FCBE1AECDD8" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_matCits="1" checkinTime="1596905913637" checkinUser="torsten" docAuthor="Dikow, Torsten &amp; Bayless, Keith M." docDate="2009" docId="0383F52FFF9CAD7B4102FE0FFC5D4D77" docLanguage="en" docName="dikow_bayless_2009_colour.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution 40" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Schildia adina Dikow &amp; Bayless 2009, sp.n." docType="treatment" docUuid="9FC1CFA4-FB94-4A4C-8F9E-53BFCF80A626" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="11" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="265" masterDocId="FFBA8D57FF95AD77417BFFB5FFBD4C2C" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the genus Schildia Aldrich, 1923 (Diptera: Asilidae: Leptogastrinae) with the description of new extant and extinct species" masterLastPageNumber="289" masterPageNumber="253" pageId="9" pageNumber="262" updateTime="1643568320926" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of the genus Schildia Aldrich, 1923 (Diptera: Asilidae: Leptogastrinae) with the description of new extant and extinct species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Dikow, Torsten</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="LSID">F8869067-4618-4CCE-960C-E8A107F162FB</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-4816-2909</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bayless, Keith M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2009-01-01</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>40</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>253</mods:start>
<mods:end>289</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1163/187631209X458358</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3975246</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">670E7C5B-7889-478D-AD7B-0FCBE1AECDD8</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4331927" ID-GBIF-Taxon="166139830" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4331927" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9FC1CFA4-FB94-4A4C-8F9E-53BFCF80A626" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383F52FFF9CAD7B4102FE0FFC5D4D77" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="265" pageId="9" pageNumber="262">
<subSubSection box="[121,586,442,469]" pageId="9" pageNumber="262" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="9.[121,586,442,469]" box="[121,586,442,469]" pageId="9" pageNumber="262">
<taxonomicName authority="Dikow &amp; Bayless, 2009" authorityName="Dikow &amp; Bayless" authorityYear="2009" box="[121,296,442,469]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Schildia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adina" status="sp.n.">Schildia adina</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[303,368,442,468]" pageId="9" pageNumber="262" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation box="[375,445,442,468]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[121,152,1612,1634]" captionTargetBox="[161,1048,1313,1580]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[161,1048,1313,1580]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Map of the world with extant and extinct distribution of Schildia indicated with solid circles. Note the restricted Old World distribution in Madagascar and Malaysia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983033/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="262">Figs 1</figureCitation>
, 11, 13–15)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="262" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="9.[121,1089,494,1665]" pageId="9" pageNumber="262">Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from its congeners by the long posteriorly oriented postsutural dorsocentral setae, the very short, dense trichoid spicules, which are not symmetrical dorsally and ventrally, the presence of long apical scutellar setae, and the distribution restricted to Madagascar.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="262" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="9.[121,1089,494,1665]" pageId="9" pageNumber="262">Etymology. Latinized Malagasy adjective adino = forgotten. Refers to the fact that this species was initially discovered as subfossilized specimens preserved in Malagasy copal (see Discussion).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="263" pageId="9" pageNumber="262" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="9.[121,1089,494,1665]" pageId="9" pageNumber="262">Description. Head: Face silver pruinose, wide, wider than an adjacent ommatidium; mystax light yellow, 4 setae, 2 short median and 2 long lateral setae; vertex wide, wider than face at clypeal–facial margin, silver pruinose; occipital triangle apruinose, distance between triangle and median eye margin more than adjacent ommatidium; occiput brown pruinose, median dorso-ventral stripe silver pruinose; postocular setae brown; proboscis light brown; Antennae: scape and pedicel light yellow, light brown setae dorsally and ventrally; postpedicel proximally light yellow, brown distally, silver pruinose, about 1.5 times as long as combined length of scape and pedicel; stylus brown, about 1/4–1/3 as long as postpedicel, composed of 2 elements, short cylindrical element which bears the apical ‘seta-like’ sensory element.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[121,1089,494,1665]" lastBlockId="10.[121,1089,147,1665]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="263" pageId="9" pageNumber="262">
Th orax: Yellow and brown, silver pruinose; antepronotum, postpronotum and median postpronotal lobes silver pruinose; lateral postpronotal lobes apruinose, light yellow; scutum brown, 2 yellow longitudinal stripes lateral to midline, neither reaching anterior nor posterior margin, predominantly apruinose, lateral and posterior margins silver pruinose; presutural dc setae: 6 short, postsutural dc setae: 1 long, 2 shorter posteriorly oriented, 5–6 short anteriorly oriented, 3–4 short acr setae, 1 npl and 1 spa seta; anepisternum dorsally yellow, ventrally brown, silver pruinose, few yellow anepisternal 8setae on anterior and dorsal margins; anepimeron brown, silver pruinose, proepimeron silver pruinose, katepisternum dorsally yellow, ventrally brown, mostly silver pruinose but with central apruinose spot, meron+metanepisternum anteriorly brown, posteriorly yellow, medially apruinose, metkatepisternum brown, silver pruinose; scutellum brown, brown pruinose, 5–7 apical scutellar setae; Legs: light yellow to brown; pro and met coxae light yellow, mes coxa brown; trochanters light yellow, met trochanter light brown ventrally; pro and mes femora light yellow proximally and distally, brown otherwise with 1 median transverse yellow band, met femur proximally light yellow, distal half clubbed and brown, proximal and distal part of club yellow, scattered brown setae on pro and mes femora, met femur with distinct rows of brown macrosetae; pro and mes tibiae light brown with median light yellow transverse band, met tibia brown with median yellow transverse band, 2 times wider than width of tibia, all tibiae with brown erect macrosetae in rows, pro and mes tibiae with 2 long apical macrosetae, met tibia with 2 median sub-apical macrosetae; tarsus light yellow to light brown, proximal tarsomere always longer than two following tarsomeres combined, short and long macrosetae on all tarsomeres; all empodia minute; median claw more than half as long as lateral claw; Wings: length = 
<quantity box="[785,934,356,382]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" unit="mm" value="4.3" valueMax="4.8" valueMin="3.8">3.8–4.8 mm</quantity>
; microtrichia densely arranged in distal cells, trichoid spicules very short, dense, not symmetrical dorsally and ventrally, 40–50 on M1 between r-m and diversion of M1 and M2; cell d large, terminating in M1, M2 and M3, r-m situated at separation of M3 and CuA1; R1 reaching C well proximal to R5 and M1 joining C, R2+3 more or less straight throughout, but posterior-most point at separation of R4 and R5; halter light yellow, knob dark brown, length = 
<quantity box="[309,484,564,590]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="8.8" metricValueMin="7.199999999999999" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" unit="mm" value="0.8" valueMax="0.88" valueMin="0.72">0.72–0.88 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[121,1089,147,1665]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">
Abdomen: Brown, T3-6 yellow posteriorly; T2 length = 
<quantity box="[805,952,598,625]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.7">1.7–1.8 mm</quantity>
, T2–8 with irregularly spaced macrosetae, T7–8 without lateral sensory areas; Male terminalia (
<figureCitation box="[128,262,667,694]" captionStart="Figs 13–24" captionStartId="11.[121,159,1536,1558]" captionTargetBox="[166,1042,347,1505]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[166,1043,347,1505]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 13–24. Male terminalia of Schildia species with gonostyli (dark grey) and lateral processes of gonostyli (light grey) shaded in lateral views. (13–15) S. adina sp.n.: 13, lateral; 14, dorsal; 15, ventral. (16–18) S. gracillima: 16, lateral; 17, dorsal; 18, ventral. (19–21) S. guatemalae: 19, lateral; 20, dorsal; 21, ventral. (22–24) S. jamaicensis: 22, lateral; 23, dorsal; 24, ventral. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983041/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">Figs 13–15</figureCitation>
): epandrial halves separated medially and only joining proximally, distal tip straight, pointed; gonocoxite and hypandrium fused to form a gonocoxitehypandrial complex, which is partly fused to epandrium proximally, but distinct suture discernible; Aedeagus: protruding slightly from hypopygium, prong tubular; Female genitalia: spermathecae occupying segments 7–8, individual spermathecal ducts more or less straight; spermathecal reservoirs clearly sclerotized and wider than ducts, loosely intertwined and not forming a coil.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="264" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="10.[121,1089,147,1665]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2825516318" collectedFrom="in open area" collectingDate="2003-03-28" collectingDateMax="2003-04-09" collectingDateMin="2003-03-28" collectingMethod="malaise trap" collectionCode="CAS" collectorName="R. Harin'Hala" country="Madagascar" determinerName="T. Dikow &amp; K. Bayless" elevation="885" latitude="-22.626667" location="near Isalo National Park, in dry wash east of Interpretive Center" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="45.358166" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa" typeStatus="holotype">
Type material. The 
<specimenCount box="[363,385,910,936]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
<typeStatus box="[392,491,910,936]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">holotype</typeStatus>
is labeled “ 
<collectingCountry box="[619,823,910,936]" name="Madagascar" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" value="Madagascar">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
: Province 
<collectingRegion box="[938,1084,910,936]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">Fianarantsoa</collectingRegion>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0383F52FFF9CAD7B4102FE0FFC5D4D77:8EF512E2FF9FAD7D4102FC04FCEA4FE7" box="[121,855,945,971]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-22.626667" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="45.358166" name="near Isalo National Park, in dry wash east of Interpretive Center" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">near Isalo National Park, in dry wash east of Interpretive Center</location>
<date pageId="10" pageNumber="263" value="2003-03-28" valueMax="2003-04-09" valueMin="2003-03-28">
<collectingDate pageId="10" pageNumber="263" value="2003-03-28" valueMax="2003-04-09" valueMin="2003-03-28">28 March – 9 April 2003</collectingDate>
</date>
<geoCoordinate box="[191,319,979,1005]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="37.60" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" precision="9" value="-22.626667">22°37.60’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[335,463,979,1006]" degrees="45" direction="east" minutes="21.49" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" precision="9" value="45.358166">45°21.49’E</geoCoordinate>
collector: 
<collectorName box="[591,755,979,1006]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">R. Harin’Hala</collectorName>
California Acad of Sciences 
<collectingMethod box="[121,257,1014,1041]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">malaise trap</collectingMethod>
<collectedFrom box="[266,408,1014,1041]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">in open area</collectedFrom>
elev 
<quantity box="[468,547,1014,1041]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.85" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" unit="m" value="885.0">
<elevation box="[468,547,1014,1041]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.85" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" unit="m" value="885.0">885 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, MA-02-11B-60 / HOLOTYPE 
<taxonomicName authority="Dikow &amp; Bayless, 2009" authorityName="Dikow &amp; Bayless" authorityYear="2009" box="[929,1089,1014,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Schildia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adina" status="sp.n.">Schildia adina</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[121,175,1049,1075]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
det. 
<determinerName box="[232,340,1049,1075]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">T. Dikow</determinerName>
&amp; 
<determinerName box="[379,494,1049,1075]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">K. Bayless</determinerName>
2007 (red label)” (
<collectionCode box="[710,767,1049,1075]" collectionName="USA, California, San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">CAS</collectionCode>
, #18438) the specimen is in good condition and double mounted (minuten in silicone)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2825516336" collectedFrom="spiny forest" collectingDate="2002-01-06" collectingDateMax="2002-01-16" collectingDateMin="2002-01-06" collectingMethod="malaise trap" collectionCode="CAS" collectorName="R. Harin'Hala" country="Madagascar" determinerName="T. Dikow &amp; K. Bayless" elevation="37" latitude="-22.913334" location="Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="43.482166" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Tulear Province" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount box="[813,894,1084,1110]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" type="female">Two ♀</specimenCount>
<typeStatus box="[903,1009,1084,1110]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">paratypes</typeStatus>
are labeled: “ 
<collectingCountry box="[205,409,1118,1144]" name="Madagascar" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" value="Madagascar">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion box="[418,596,1118,1144]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">Tulear Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0383F52FFF9CAD7B4102FE0FFC5D4D77:8EF512E2FF9FAD7D4324FBEBFC6F4854" box="[607,978,1118,1145]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-22.913334" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="43.482166" name="Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" stateProvince="Tulear Province">Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo</location>
, el. 
<quantity box="[1022,1084,1118,1145]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" unit="m" value="37.0">
<elevation box="[1022,1084,1118,1145]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" unit="m" value="37.0">37 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
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, 
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, 
<date box="[404,623,1153,1179]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" value="2002-01-06" valueMax="2002-01-16" valueMin="2002-01-06">
<collectingDate box="[404,623,1153,1179]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" value="2002-01-06" valueMax="2002-01-16" valueMin="2002-01-06">6–16 January 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
collector: 
<collectorName box="[742,903,1153,1179]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">R. Harin’Hala</collectorName>
California Acad of Sciences 
<collectingMethod box="[261,403,1188,1214]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">malaise trap</collectingMethod>
, 
<collectedFrom box="[419,553,1188,1214]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">spiny forest</collectedFrom>
MA-02-18B-09 / PARATYPE 
<taxonomicName authority="Dikow &amp; Bayless, 2009" authorityName="Dikow &amp; Bayless" authorityYear="2009" box="[926,1089,1188,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Schildia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adina" status="sp.n.">Schildia adina</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[121,175,1223,1249]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
det. 
<determinerName box="[236,345,1222,1249]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">T. Dikow</determinerName>
&amp; 
<determinerName box="[389,506,1222,1249]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">K. Bayless</determinerName>
2007 (yellow label)” (
<collectionCode box="[766,825,1222,1248]" collectionName="USA, California, San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">CAS</collectionCode>
). The specimens are in good condition (one specimen with head attached to pin) and are double mounted (minuten in silicone)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2825516342" collectedFrom="dry deciduous forest" collectingDate="2002-01-02" collectingDateMax="2002-01-09" collectingDateMin="2002-01-02" collectingMethod="malaise trap" collectionCode="CAS" collectorName="R. Harin'Hala" country="Madagascar" determinerName="T. Dikow &amp; K. Bayless" elevation="165" latitude="-23.6865" location="Beza Mahafaly Reserve, Parcelle I near research station" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="44.591" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Tulear Province" typeStatus="paratype">
A 
<specimenCount box="[412,434,1292,1318]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<typeStatus box="[444,541,1292,1318]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">paratype</typeStatus>
is labeled: “ 
<collectingCountry box="[686,890,1292,1318]" name="Madagascar" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" value="Madagascar">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion box="[902,1085,1292,1318]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">Tulear Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0383F52FFF9CAD7B4102FE0FFC5D4D77:8EF512E2FF9FAD7D4102FA9AFD5C4964" box="[121,737,1326,1353]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-23.6865" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="44.591" name="Beza Mahafaly Reserve, Parcelle I near research station" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" stateProvince="Tulear Province">Beza Mahafaly Reserve, Parcelle I near research station</location>
<date box="[744,948,1326,1353]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" value="2002-01-02" valueMax="2002-01-09" valueMin="2002-01-02">
<collectingDate box="[744,948,1326,1353]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" value="2002-01-02" valueMax="2002-01-09" valueMin="2002-01-02">2–9 January 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
<geoCoordinate box="[956,1084,1326,1352]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="41.19" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" precision="9" value="-23.6865">23°41.19’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[121,249,1361,1388]" degrees="44" direction="east" minutes="35.46" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" precision="9" value="44.591">44°35.46’E</geoCoordinate>
California Acad of Sciences coll: 
<collectorName box="[672,840,1361,1388]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">R. Harin’Hala</collectorName>
<collectingMethod box="[855,998,1361,1388]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">malaise trap</collectingMethod>
in 
<collectedFrom pageId="10" pageNumber="263">dry deciduous forest</collectedFrom>
elev 
<quantity box="[368,447,1395,1422]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" unit="m" value="165.0">
<elevation box="[368,447,1395,1422]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" unit="m" value="165.0">165 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, MA-02-14A-09 / PARATYPE 
<taxonomicName authority="Dikow &amp; Bayless, 2009" authorityName="Dikow &amp; Bayless" authorityYear="2009" box="[814,974,1396,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Schildia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adina" status="sp.n.">Schildia adina</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[983,1037,1396,1422]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
det. 
<determinerName box="[126,232,1430,1457]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">T. Dikow</determinerName>
&amp; 
<determinerName box="[268,381,1430,1457]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">K. Bayless</determinerName>
2007 (yellow label)” (
<collectionCode box="[627,686,1430,1456]" collectionName="USA, California, San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">CAS</collectionCode>
). The specimen is in good condition and is double mounted (minuten in silicone)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2825516310" collectedFrom="deciduous dry forest" collectingDate="2002-10-28" collectingDateMax="2002-10-30" collectingDateMin="2002-10-28" collectionCode="CAS" collectorName="R. Harin'Hala" country="Madagascar" determinerName="T. Dikow &amp; K. Bayless" elevation="30" latitude="-22.903667" location="Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="43.4755" municipality="Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Tulear Province" typeStatus="paratype">
Another 
<specimenCount box="[817,839,1465,1491]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<typeStatus box="[855,952,1466,1492]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">paratype</typeStatus>
is labeled: “ 
<collectingCountry box="[131,335,1500,1526]" name="Madagascar" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" value="Madagascar">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion box="[351,537,1500,1526]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">Tulear Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality box="[555,956,1500,1526]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo</collectingMunicipality>
, el. 
<quantity box="[1015,1084,1500,1526]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" unit="m" value="30.0">
<elevation box="[1015,1084,1500,1526]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[121,249,1534,1561]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="54.22" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" precision="9" value="-22.903667">22°54.22’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[266,398,1534,1561]" degrees="43" direction="east" minutes="28.53" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" precision="9" value="43.4755">43°28.53’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[415,666,1534,1560]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" value="2002-10-28" valueMax="2002-10-30" valueMin="2002-10-28">
<collectingDate box="[415,666,1534,1560]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" value="2002-10-28" valueMax="2002-10-30" valueMin="2002-10-28">28–30 October 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
collector: 
<collectorName box="[795,961,1534,1561]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">R. Harin’Hala</collectorName>
California Acad of Sciences malaise trap - in 
<collectedFrom box="[508,738,1569,1595]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">deciduous dry forest</collectedFrom>
MA-02-18A-38 / PARATYPE 
<taxonomicName authority="Dikow &amp; Bayless, 2009" authorityName="Dikow &amp; Bayless" authorityYear="2009" box="[121,278,1604,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Schildia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adina" status="sp.n.">Schildia adina</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[285,339,1604,1630]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
det. 
<determinerName box="[393,499,1604,1630]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">T. Dikow</determinerName>
&amp; 
<determinerName box="[536,650,1604,1630]" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">K. Bayless</determinerName>
2007 (yellow label)” (
<collectionCode box="[897,956,1604,1630]" collectionName="USA, California, San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences" pageId="10" pageNumber="263">CAS</collectionCode>
). The specimen is in good condition and is double mounted (minuten in silicone)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[121,1089,149,244]" pageId="11" pageNumber="264">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2825516311" box="[150,747,149,175]" collectionCode="Coll. Hoffeins" country="Madagascar" location="Malagasy Copal" pageId="11" pageNumber="264" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Malagasy">
Specimens. 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0383F52FFF9CAD7B4102FE0FFC5D4D77:8EF512E2FF9EAD7C4068FF20FE714C83" box="[275,460,149,175]" country="Madagascar" name="Malagasy Copal" pageId="11" pageNumber="264" stateProvince="Malagasy">Malagasy Copal</location>
: 
<specimenCount box="[472,509,149,175]" pageId="11" pageNumber="264" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
<specimenCount box="[517,554,149,175]" pageId="11" pageNumber="264" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[571,739,149,175]" pageId="11" pageNumber="264">Coll. Hoffeins</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2825516334" box="[759,917,149,175]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Madagascar" pageId="11" pageNumber="264" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Malagasy">
<specimenCount box="[759,796,149,175]" pageId="11" pageNumber="264" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[813,910,149,175]" collectionName="USA, New York, New York, American Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="264">AMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2825516305" collectionCode="Coll. Stark" country="Madagascar" pageId="11" pageNumber="264" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Malagasy">
<specimenCount box="[930,967,149,175]" pageId="11" pageNumber="264" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
<specimenCount box="[975,1012,149,175]" pageId="11" pageNumber="264" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(additional inclusions: 
<specimenCount box="[322,447,183,210]" pageId="11" pageNumber="264" type="worker">14 workers</specimenCount>
of 
<taxonomicName authority="(Forel, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[486,916,183,210]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sahlbergii">Tetraponera cf. sahlbergii (Forel, 1887)</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[924,1085,184,210]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[121,252,218,244]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName authorityName="M.R.Smith" authorityYear="1952" box="[263,484,218,244]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pseudomyrmecinae">Pseudomyrmecinae</taxonomicName>
) (
<collectionCode box="[507,634,218,244]" pageId="11" pageNumber="264">Coll. Stark</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2825516339" box="[654,848,218,244]" collectionCode="Coll. Stuke" country="Madagascar" pageId="11" pageNumber="264" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Malagasy">
<specimenCount box="[654,690,218,244]" pageId="11" pageNumber="264" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[706,840,218,244]" pageId="11" pageNumber="264">Coll. Stuke</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSection pageId="11" pageNumber="264" type="multiple">
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983041" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3983041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983041/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="264" startId="11.[121,159,1536,1558]" targetBox="[166,1042,347,1505]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph blockId="11.[121,1088,1536,1647]" pageId="11" pageNumber="264">
Figs 13–24. Male terminalia of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Aldrich" authorityYear="1923" box="[416,484,1537,1558]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Schildia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schildia</taxonomicName>
species with gonostyli (dark grey) and lateral processes of gonostyli (light grey) shaded in lateral views. (13–15) 
<taxonomicName authority="Dikow &amp; Bayless, 2009" authorityName="Dikow &amp; Bayless" authorityYear="2009" box="[507,578,1566,1587]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Schildia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adina" status="sp.n.">S. adina</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[583,628,1566,1587]" pageId="11" pageNumber="264" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: 13, lateral; 14, dorsal; 15, ventral. (16–18) 
<taxonomicName authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Asilidae" genus="Schildia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cantharellales" pageId="11" pageNumber="264" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="gracillima">S. gracillima</taxonomicName>
: 16, lateral; 17, dorsal; 18, ventral. (19–21) 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1975" box="[568,688,1595,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Schildia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guatemalae">S. guatemalae</taxonomicName>
: 19, lateral; 20, dorsal; 21, ventral. (22–24) 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Farr" authorityYear="1962" box="[121,237,1625,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Schildia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jamaicensis">S. jamaicensis</taxonomicName>
: 22, lateral; 23, dorsal; 24, ventral. Scale bar = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="265" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="12.[121,1089,147,347]" pageId="12" pageNumber="265">
Distribution. Madagascar (
<figureCitation box="[447,512,147,174]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[121,152,1612,1634]" captionTargetBox="[161,1048,1313,1580]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[161,1048,1313,1580]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Map of the world with extant and extinct distribution of Schildia indicated with solid circles. Note the restricted Old World distribution in Madagascar and Malaysia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983033/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="265">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Biodiversity hotspot/high-biodiversity wilderness area: Madagascar and Indian Ocean Islands/–.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="265" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="12.[121,1089,147,347]" pageId="12" pageNumber="265">
Remarks. Only 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Aldrich" authorityYear="1923" box="[323,411,217,243]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Schildia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schildia</taxonomicName>
known from the Afrotropical region (
<figureCitation box="[840,906,217,243]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[121,152,1612,1634]" captionTargetBox="[161,1048,1313,1580]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[161,1048,1313,1580]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Map of the world with extant and extinct distribution of Schildia indicated with solid circles. Note the restricted Old World distribution in Madagascar and Malaysia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983033/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="265">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName authority="Dikow &amp; Bayless, 2009" authorityName="Dikow &amp; Bayless" authorityYear="2009" box="[930,1089,217,243]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Schildia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adina" status="sp.n.">Schildia adina</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[121,175,252,278]" pageId="12" pageNumber="265" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was the only species of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schiner" authorityYear="1862" box="[458,624,251,277]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptogastrinae">Leptogastrinae</taxonomicName>
found in the Malagasy copal specimens examined by the authors (
<figureCitation box="[431,518,286,312]" captionStart="Figs 9–12" captionStartId="6.[121,161,1442,1464]" captionTargetBox="[164,1046,146,1401]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[164,1046,146,1411]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 9–12. Photographs of extinct and extant species of Schildia. (9) †Schildia martini sp.n. (holotype, AMNH Luzzi); (10) †Schildia martini sp.n. (paratype, AMNH DR-V-7); (11) Schildia adina sp.n. preserved in Malagasy copal (Coll. Stuke). (12) Schildia fragilis (USNM, Peru).Scale bars = 1 mm.This figure is published in colour in the online edition that can be accessed via http://www.brill.nl/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983039/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="265">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Extant specimens have been caught in malaise traps. See Discussion for comments on the generic placement of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>