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<document id="93F7AF1D903E273576E922CE9072A312" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00385.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5447636" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630462615209" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Healy, John M., Mikkelsen, Paula M. &amp; Bieler, Rüdiger" docDate="2008" docId="131887E263331E2F18F44D7DF8B3FBAD" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2008.00385.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 153 (2)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00385.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Papyridea semisulcata" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="333" masterDocId="EF21FF9A63351E271B6E4855F943FFD8" masterDocTitle="Sperm ultrastructure in Hemidonax pictus (Hemidonacidae, Bivalvia, Mollusca): comparison with other heterodonts, especially Cardiidae, Donacidae and Crassatelloidea" masterLastPageNumber="347" masterPageNumber="325" pageNumber="331" updateTime="1699279852295" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="FC5C652CB493E9A1D5AE1C21284D50F8">Sperm ultrastructure in Hemidonax pictus (Hemidonacidae, Bivalvia, Mollusca): comparison with other heterodonts, especially Cardiidae, Donacidae and Crassatelloidea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B6E441DDCCA47AA63E3D345D2D0FD388">Healy, John M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E9B5EF9BA6B59C6DBC8C1666984C399E">Mikkelsen, Paula M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="553D603A81925125C7EF4CCFC64FEEE1">Bieler, Rüdiger</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6AA20438A1EF8F18B4D10C2524126D8C">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C127500778F22630C4501205C3043220">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="51BE2590DD350813D8D5216A5535D273">2008-06-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="35458748E9B2E8A17B2C865977669593">153</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="5B0F6776359BA4DD77CFE533AEBAA193">https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00385.x</mods:url>
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<treatment id="131887E263331E2F18F44D7DF8B3FBAD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:131887E263331E2F18F44D7DF8B3FBAD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/131887E263331E2F18F44D7DF8B3FBAD" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="333" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">
<subSubSection id="D3AB657F63331E2118F44D7DFD41FABA" pageId="6" pageNumber="331" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9B0E36F463331E2118F44D7DFC59FAE5" blockId="6.[922,1306,1319,1341]" box="[922,1306,1319,1341]" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">
<heading id="C046819863331E2118F44D7DFC59FAE5" box="[922,1306,1319,1341]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="331" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="5CB14D7763331E2118F44D7DFDF9FAE3" ID-CoL="6TNP6" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[922,1210,1320,1341]" class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Papyridea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="331" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="semisulcata">
<emphasis id="A9C5EAE663331E2118F44D7DFDF9FAE3" box="[922,1210,1320,1341]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">PAPYRIDEA SEMISULCATA</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="038A2A7163331E211FA24D72FC52FAE5" box="[1228,1297,1319,1341]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[164,243,1497,1516]" captionTargetBox="[164,1444,195,1467]" captionTargetId="figure-55@11.[164,1444,195,1467]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Ultrastructure (TEM) of spermatozoa of Papyridea semisulcata. A, longitudinal section (LS) showing acrosomal complex, nucleus, midpiece region (tangential, not through centrioles) and emergent flagellum. B, C, LS of acrosomal complex (acrosomal vesicle + subacrosomal deposit) and nuclear apex. Note internal differentiation of basal ring material. D, transverse section (TS) at posterior region (basal ring region) of acrosomal complex. Note layers of differing electron density within basal ring. E, TS of nucleus. F, TS of midpiece showing four mitochondria and proximal centriole (the latter shown in LS profile). Abbreviations: a, acrosomal complex; av, acrosomal vesicle; br, basal ring (of acrosomal vesicle contents); f, flagellum; m, mitochondrion of midpiece; n, nucleus; nl, nuclear lacuna; pc, proximal centriole; pm, plasma membrane; sm, subacrosomal material." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5447638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5447638/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">FIG. 5</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B0E36F463331E2118484D18FD41FABA" blockId="6.[806,1421,1357,1777]" box="[806,1026,1357,1378]" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">
<emphasis id="A9C5EAE663331E2118484D18FD41FABA" box="[806,1026,1357,1378]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">Acrosomal complex</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D3AB657F63331E2F18484D39F8B3FBAD" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="333" pageId="6" pageNumber="331" type="description">
<paragraph id="9B0E36F463331E2118484D39FD0BF929" blockId="6.[806,1421,1357,1777]" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">
The acrosomal vesicle is dome-shaped, with a flat or slightly domed apex, and measures approximately 0.55 ± 0.05 Mm (
<emphasis id="A9C5EAE663331E21188B4DFFFABAFA67" box="[997,1017,1450,1471]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">N</emphasis>
= 5) in length and 0.7 ± 0.05 Mm (
<emphasis id="A9C5EAE663331E2118404D9DFA01FA05" box="[814,834,1480,1501]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">N</emphasis>
= 5) in maximum diameter (
<figureCitation id="038A2A7163331E211FF64D9DFC53FA06" box="[1176,1296,1480,1502]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[164,243,1497,1516]" captionTargetBox="[164,1444,195,1467]" captionTargetId="figure-55@11.[164,1444,195,1467]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Ultrastructure (TEM) of spermatozoa of Papyridea semisulcata. A, longitudinal section (LS) showing acrosomal complex, nucleus, midpiece region (tangential, not through centrioles) and emergent flagellum. B, C, LS of acrosomal complex (acrosomal vesicle + subacrosomal deposit) and nuclear apex. Note internal differentiation of basal ring material. D, transverse section (TS) at posterior region (basal ring region) of acrosomal complex. Note layers of differing electron density within basal ring. E, TS of nucleus. F, TS of midpiece showing four mitochondria and proximal centriole (the latter shown in LS profile). Abbreviations: a, acrosomal complex; av, acrosomal vesicle; br, basal ring (of acrosomal vesicle contents); f, flagellum; m, mitochondrion of midpiece; n, nucleus; nl, nuclear lacuna; pc, proximal centriole; pm, plasma membrane; sm, subacrosomal material." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5447638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5447638/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">Fig. 5A–D</figureCitation>
). Contents of the vesicle are differentiated into an extensive, very electron-dense basal ring, and a less dense (and granular) anterior component (
<figureCitation id="038A2A7163331E211FF44E71FC54F9E1" box="[1178,1303,1571,1594]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[164,243,1497,1516]" captionTargetBox="[164,1444,195,1467]" captionTargetId="figure-55@11.[164,1444,195,1467]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Ultrastructure (TEM) of spermatozoa of Papyridea semisulcata. A, longitudinal section (LS) showing acrosomal complex, nucleus, midpiece region (tangential, not through centrioles) and emergent flagellum. B, C, LS of acrosomal complex (acrosomal vesicle + subacrosomal deposit) and nuclear apex. Note internal differentiation of basal ring material. D, transverse section (TS) at posterior region (basal ring region) of acrosomal complex. Note layers of differing electron density within basal ring. E, TS of nucleus. F, TS of midpiece showing four mitochondria and proximal centriole (the latter shown in LS profile). Abbreviations: a, acrosomal complex; av, acrosomal vesicle; br, basal ring (of acrosomal vesicle contents); f, flagellum; m, mitochondrion of midpiece; n, nucleus; nl, nuclear lacuna; pc, proximal centriole; pm, plasma membrane; sm, subacrosomal material." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5447638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5447638/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">Fig. 5B, D</figureCitation>
). A broad basal invagination extends for approximately half the length of the acrosomal vesicle and is filled with granular subacrosomal material (
<figureCitation id="038A2A7163331E211FA44E2AFC7CF94D" box="[1226,1343,1663,1685]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[164,243,1497,1516]" captionTargetBox="[164,1444,195,1467]" captionTargetId="figure-55@11.[164,1444,195,1467]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Ultrastructure (TEM) of spermatozoa of Papyridea semisulcata. A, longitudinal section (LS) showing acrosomal complex, nucleus, midpiece region (tangential, not through centrioles) and emergent flagellum. B, C, LS of acrosomal complex (acrosomal vesicle + subacrosomal deposit) and nuclear apex. Note internal differentiation of basal ring material. D, transverse section (TS) at posterior region (basal ring region) of acrosomal complex. Note layers of differing electron density within basal ring. E, TS of nucleus. F, TS of midpiece showing four mitochondria and proximal centriole (the latter shown in LS profile). Abbreviations: a, acrosomal complex; av, acrosomal vesicle; br, basal ring (of acrosomal vesicle contents); f, flagellum; m, mitochondrion of midpiece; n, nucleus; nl, nuclear lacuna; pc, proximal centriole; pm, plasma membrane; sm, subacrosomal material." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5447638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5447638/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">Fig. 5A–C</figureCitation>
). Discernible within the basal ring are two curved, very electron-dense layers and an innermost, electronlucent layer (
<figureCitation id="038A2A7163331E2118AD4E8EFD7FF929" box="[963,1084,1755,1777]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[164,243,1497,1516]" captionTargetBox="[164,1444,195,1467]" captionTargetId="figure-55@11.[164,1444,195,1467]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Ultrastructure (TEM) of spermatozoa of Papyridea semisulcata. A, longitudinal section (LS) showing acrosomal complex, nucleus, midpiece region (tangential, not through centrioles) and emergent flagellum. B, C, LS of acrosomal complex (acrosomal vesicle + subacrosomal deposit) and nuclear apex. Note internal differentiation of basal ring material. D, transverse section (TS) at posterior region (basal ring region) of acrosomal complex. Note layers of differing electron density within basal ring. E, TS of nucleus. F, TS of midpiece showing four mitochondria and proximal centriole (the latter shown in LS profile). Abbreviations: a, acrosomal complex; av, acrosomal vesicle; br, basal ring (of acrosomal vesicle contents); f, flagellum; m, mitochondrion of midpiece; n, nucleus; nl, nuclear lacuna; pc, proximal centriole; pm, plasma membrane; sm, subacrosomal material." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5447638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5447638/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">Fig. 5B, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B0E36F463331E2118484F49FAC2F8E9" blockId="6.[806,1421,1820,1903]" box="[806,897,1820,1841]" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">
<emphasis id="A9C5EAE663331E2118484F49FAC2F8E9" box="[806,897,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">Nucleus</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B0E36F463331E2F18484F6FF9E0FE66" blockId="6.[806,1421,1820,1903]" lastBlockId="8.[144,1422,198,446]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="333" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">
The nucleus is short (length 1.45 ± 0.05 Mm,
<emphasis id="A9C5EAE663331E211E264F6EFC1FF888" box="[1352,1372,1851,1872]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="331">N</emphasis>
= 3) and barrel shaped, with a maximum diameter of
<emphasis id="A9C5EAE6633D1E2F1BFE49FBF9E0FE66" box="[144,163,430,446]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">·</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<caption id="CFCE667C633D1E2F1BFE4893FBBEFE7E" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" startId="8.[144,223,198,217]">
<paragraph id="9B0E36F4633D1E2F1BFE4893FBBEFE7E" blockId="8.[144,1422,198,446]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">
<emphasis id="A9C5EAE6633D1E2F1BFE4893F9BBFF01" bold="true" box="[144,248,198,217]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Ultrastructure (TEM) of spermatozoa of
<taxonomicName id="5CB14D77633D1E2F19D24892FA1AFF01" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[700,857,198,217]" class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Fragum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="unedo">
<emphasis id="A9C5EAE6633D1E2F19D24892FA1AFF01" box="[700,857,198,217]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">Fragum unedo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A, B, longitudinal sections (LS) showing acrosomal complex, nucleus (showing slight curvature) and portion of midpiece region. C, LS of acrosomal complex (acrosomal vesicle + subacrosomal material) and nuclear apex. Note narrow basal invagination of acrosomal vesicle. D, LS of flagellum projecting from distal centriole of midpiece. Note also nuclear lacunae and also satellite fibres attached to distal centriole and plasma membrane. E, transverse section (TS) of midpiece showing four mitochondria and distal centriole. Abbreviations: a, acrosomal complex; av, acrosomal vesicle; ax, axoneme; br, basal ring (of acrosomal vesicle contents); dc, distal centriole; f, flagellum; m, mitochondrion of midpiece; n, nucleus; nl, nuclear lacuna; pc, proximal centriole; pm, plasma membrane; sf, satellite fibres; sm, subacrosomal material.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9B0E36F4633D1E2F1BFE49A0F836FD1B" blockId="8.[144,759,500,707]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">
1.45 ± 0.05 Mm (
<emphasis id="A9C5EAE6633D1E2F1A3649A3F82FFDD3" box="[344,364,502,523]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">N</emphasis>
= 3) (at mid-length) (
<figureCitation id="038A2A71633D1E2F19FB49A0FBA8FDD3" box="[661,747,501,523]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[164,243,1497,1516]" captionTargetBox="[164,1444,195,1467]" captionTargetId="figure-55@11.[164,1444,195,1467]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Ultrastructure (TEM) of spermatozoa of Papyridea semisulcata. A, longitudinal section (LS) showing acrosomal complex, nucleus, midpiece region (tangential, not through centrioles) and emergent flagellum. B, C, LS of acrosomal complex (acrosomal vesicle + subacrosomal deposit) and nuclear apex. Note internal differentiation of basal ring material. D, transverse section (TS) at posterior region (basal ring region) of acrosomal complex. Note layers of differing electron density within basal ring. E, TS of nucleus. F, TS of midpiece showing four mitochondria and proximal centriole (the latter shown in LS profile). Abbreviations: a, acrosomal complex; av, acrosomal vesicle; br, basal ring (of acrosomal vesicle contents); f, flagellum; m, mitochondrion of midpiece; n, nucleus; nl, nuclear lacuna; pc, proximal centriole; pm, plasma membrane; sm, subacrosomal material." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5447638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5447638/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). Nuclear contents are highly electron-dense, granulate, with numerous irregular lacunae (
<figureCitation id="038A2A71633D1E2F19014A66FBA9FD90" box="[623,746,562,585]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[164,243,1497,1516]" captionTargetBox="[164,1444,195,1467]" captionTargetId="figure-55@11.[164,1444,195,1467]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Ultrastructure (TEM) of spermatozoa of Papyridea semisulcata. A, longitudinal section (LS) showing acrosomal complex, nucleus, midpiece region (tangential, not through centrioles) and emergent flagellum. B, C, LS of acrosomal complex (acrosomal vesicle + subacrosomal deposit) and nuclear apex. Note internal differentiation of basal ring material. D, transverse section (TS) at posterior region (basal ring region) of acrosomal complex. Note layers of differing electron density within basal ring. E, TS of nucleus. F, TS of midpiece showing four mitochondria and proximal centriole (the latter shown in LS profile). Abbreviations: a, acrosomal complex; av, acrosomal vesicle; br, basal ring (of acrosomal vesicle contents); f, flagellum; m, mitochondrion of midpiece; n, nucleus; nl, nuclear lacuna; pc, proximal centriole; pm, plasma membrane; sm, subacrosomal material." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5447638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5447638/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">Fig. 5A, E</figureCitation>
). Apically the nuclear surface is straight or slightly concave, while posteriorly shallow indentations contact the anterior surfaces of each midpiece mitochondrion (
<figureCitation id="038A2A71633D1E2F1A7D4AF8F82AFD1B" box="[275,361,685,707]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[164,243,1497,1516]" captionTargetBox="[164,1444,195,1467]" captionTargetId="figure-55@11.[164,1444,195,1467]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Ultrastructure (TEM) of spermatozoa of Papyridea semisulcata. A, longitudinal section (LS) showing acrosomal complex, nucleus, midpiece region (tangential, not through centrioles) and emergent flagellum. B, C, LS of acrosomal complex (acrosomal vesicle + subacrosomal deposit) and nuclear apex. Note internal differentiation of basal ring material. D, transverse section (TS) at posterior region (basal ring region) of acrosomal complex. Note layers of differing electron density within basal ring. E, TS of nucleus. F, TS of midpiece showing four mitochondria and proximal centriole (the latter shown in LS profile). Abbreviations: a, acrosomal complex; av, acrosomal vesicle; br, basal ring (of acrosomal vesicle contents); f, flagellum; m, mitochondrion of midpiece; n, nucleus; nl, nuclear lacuna; pc, proximal centriole; pm, plasma membrane; sm, subacrosomal material." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5447638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5447638/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B0E36F4633D1E2F1BFE4AB8F9B5FCDA" blockId="8.[144,759,749,955]" box="[144,246,749,770]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">
<emphasis id="A9C5EAE6633D1E2F1BFE4AB8F9B5FCDA" box="[144,246,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">Midpiece</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B0E36F4633D1E2F1BFE4B59F9A7FC63" blockId="8.[144,759,749,955]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">
The midpiece consists of four spherical mitochondria (with well-developed cristae) surrounding a pair of centrioles (
<figureCitation id="038A2A71633D1E2F1A634B1CF8C2FC86" box="[269,385,841,863]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[164,243,1497,1516]" captionTargetBox="[164,1444,195,1467]" captionTargetId="figure-55@11.[164,1444,195,1467]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Ultrastructure (TEM) of spermatozoa of Papyridea semisulcata. A, longitudinal section (LS) showing acrosomal complex, nucleus, midpiece region (tangential, not through centrioles) and emergent flagellum. B, C, LS of acrosomal complex (acrosomal vesicle + subacrosomal deposit) and nuclear apex. Note internal differentiation of basal ring material. D, transverse section (TS) at posterior region (basal ring region) of acrosomal complex. Note layers of differing electron density within basal ring. E, TS of nucleus. F, TS of midpiece showing four mitochondria and proximal centriole (the latter shown in LS profile). Abbreviations: a, acrosomal complex; av, acrosomal vesicle; br, basal ring (of acrosomal vesicle contents); f, flagellum; m, mitochondrion of midpiece; n, nucleus; nl, nuclear lacuna; pc, proximal centriole; pm, plasma membrane; sm, subacrosomal material." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5447638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5447638/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">Fig. 5A, F</figureCitation>
). The entire midpiece region has a length of 0.7 ± 0.04 Mm (
<emphasis id="A9C5EAE6633D1E2F1AB64B3DF8AFFCA5" box="[472,492,872,893]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">N</emphasis>
= 3) and a maximum diameter (of mitochondrial cluster) of 1.7 ± 0.1 Mm (
<emphasis id="A9C5EAE6633D1E2F1BF64BF0F9EFFC62" box="[152,172,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">N</emphasis>
= 3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B0E36F4633D1E2F1BFE4BB0F847FC22" blockId="8.[144,758,997,1141]" box="[144,260,997,1018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">
<emphasis id="A9C5EAE6633D1E2F1BFE4BB0F847FC22" box="[144,260,997,1018]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">Flagellum</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B0E36F4633D1E2F1BFE4C56F8B3FBAD" blockId="8.[144,758,997,1141]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">
The flagellum consists of a 9 + 2 microtubular configuration axoneme sheathed by the plasma membrane. From light microscopic observations, flagellar length is 54 ± 2.0 Mm (
<emphasis id="A9C5EAE6633D1E2F1AF84C35F8E9FBAD" box="[406,426,1120,1141]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">N</emphasis>
= 10).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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