829 lines
130 KiB
XML
829 lines
130 KiB
XML
<document id="21C2D52B81849E6201F1ACA3909783F6" ID-CLB-Dataset="267063" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2021.773.1519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2a85031f-9b9a-4dd9-b6f3-68a4b766e379" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5544465" ID-ZooBank="A018A660-F0D8-4411-AC25-77C089A75A57" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1633117657454" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Radashevsky, Vasily I., Al-Kandari, Manal, Malyar, Vasily V. & Pankova, Victoria V." docDate="2021" docId="03CF9F22FF87AE7A6D04367FFDEFF86F" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-773_120-168.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 773 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.773.1519" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pseudopolydora kuwaiti Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="5144B89C-E979-44B7-8085-870ADEBFCC98" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="151" masterDocId="FFF6E75AFF90AE656F533422FFD6FF8A" masterDocTitle="Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait" masterLastPageNumber="168" masterPageNumber="120" pageNumber="143" updateTime="1699416985791" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="176B464AC51411E7880B5A16BD45E28F">Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="679A5B64B6041C285E2DE89D0ED4AB11">Radashevsky, Vasily I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F75395B5C3F80AFCE514292D3946847D">A. V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky Street, Vladivostok 690041, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3604EA255DCA278FC1868F855CD99FE1" type="email">radashevsky@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="310587F401F73ED4537B2FD5E9EC5415">Al-Kandari, Manal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A4FBA99CE2E14F661BEF6B7614C98515">Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, 22107, Salmiya, Kuwait</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1308B79D0D64AE12465585CF62B67971">Malyar, Vasily V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5F50C126407DA7F642B76802ADB240AC">A. V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky Street, Vladivostok 690041, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1B9C559D95AAFBADA624D0E315506F6C">Pankova, Victoria V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="91DCFF73187C0D0B10AE5FC5589A0D5E">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03CF9F22FF87AE7A6D04367FFDEFF86F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8338162" ID-GBIF-Taxon="213013392" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8338162" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5144B89C-E979-44B7-8085-870ADEBFCC98" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CF9F22FF87AE7A6D04367FFDEFF86F" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="151" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">
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<heading id="D0919958FF87AE726D04367FFC0AFDF2" box="[599,988,605,632]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6655B7FF87AE726D04367FFCADFDF2" ID-CoL="8RW9N" ID-ENA="2824855" authority="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova, 2021" authorityName="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova" authorityYear="2021" box="[599,891,605,632]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kuwaiti" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B912F226FF87AE726D04367FFCADFDF2" bold="true" box="[599,891,605,632]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">Pseudopolydora kuwaiti</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2214F5DFF87AE726CD1367CFC0AFDF2" box="[898,988,606,632]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF87AE726DFB3686FC5DFD34" blockId="23.[367,1220,605,703]" box="[680,907,676,703]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">
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<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF87AE726DFB3686FCD3FD34" box="[680,773,676,702]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[189,232,1813,1839]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,517,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-50@2.[189,1398,517,1775]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Maps showing records (yellow circles) and type localities (stars) of Pseudopolydora spp. from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait (see Supp. Table ESM1). A. P. antennata (Claparède, 1868). B. P. arabica Radashevsky & Al-Kandari, 2020 (red star = type locality: Al-Salmiya, Kuwait). C. P. kuwaiti sp. nov. (red star = type locality: Al-Judailiat). D. Yellow star = type locality of Pseudopolydora auha sp. nov.: Auha Is.; red star = type locality of P. melanopalpa sp. nov.: Sulaibikhat Bay; green star = type locality of Pseudopolydora multispinosa sp. nov.: Al-Salmiya, Kuwait." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544467" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544467/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">Figs 1C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF87AE726C403686FCE0FD35" box="[787,822,676,703]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1741,1767]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,962,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-172@12.[189,1398,962,1702]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5.AdultcharacteristicsofPseudopolydora spp.fromtheArabian Gulf, Kuwait.A–C. Pseudopolydora antennata (Claparède, 1868). D. P. arabica Radashevsky & Al-Kandari, 2020. E. P. kuwaiti sp. nov. A. Relationships between caruncle length (in chaetiger numbers) and total number of chaetigers, and between distribution of branchiae (referring to number of the last branchiate chaetiger) and total number of chaetigers. B. Relationships between distribution of gametes (referring to number of the first and the last chaetigers with gametes) and total number of chaetigers. C–E. Relationships between distribution of branchiae (referring to number of the last branchiate chaetiger LBC divided by the total number of chaetigers TNC) and total number of chaetigers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544477" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544477/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">5E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF87AE726C113686FC5DFD34" box="[834,907,676,702]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStartId-0="25.[189,232,1778,1804]" captionStartId-1="26.[189,232,1918,1944]" captionStartId-2="27.[189,232,1778,1804]" captionStartId-3="28.[189,232,1739,1765]" captionStartId-4="30.[189,232,1880,1906]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,695,1741]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,870,1879]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1398,789,1738]" captionTargetBox-3="[189,1398,924,1701]" captionTargetBox-4="[189,1398,1313,1842]" captionTargetId-0="figure-98@25.[189,1398,695,1741]" captionTargetId-1="figure-145@26.[189,1398,869,1880]" captionTargetId-2="figure-126@27.[189,1398,789,1738]" captionTargetId-3="figure-174@28.[189,1398,923,1701]" captionTargetId-4="figure-282@30.[189,1398,1313,1843]" captionTargetPageId-0="25" captionTargetPageId-1="26" captionTargetPageId-2="27" captionTargetPageId-3="28" captionTargetPageId-4="30" captionText-0="Fig. 12. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. (live individuals, MIMB 40713). A. Left lateral general view, female, in reflected light, showing white chromatophores on palps. B–D. Anterior ends, in transmitted light, dorsal (B) and left lateral (C–D) view. E. Fragment of palp with chromatophore and inner blood vessel. F. Chaetigers 4–6, left lateral view, showing curved diagonal row of heavy spines in notopodium of chaetiger 5. Abbreviations: ho = hooded hooks; no = notopodial postchaetal lamella; pe = pennoned capillary notochaetae; su = dorsal superior capillary chaetae; ve = ventral capillary chaetae. Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm." captionText-1="Fig. 13. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. (live individuals, MIMB 40713). A–D. Anterior ends, dorsal (A, D) and ventral (B–C) view. E–F. Posterior ends, left lateral (E) and dorsal (F) view. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–C = 200 µm; D = 100 µm; E = 50 µm." captionText-2="Fig. 14. Adult characteristics of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. A. Relationships between number of yellow bands on palp and total number of chaetigers. B. Relationships between distribution of branchiae (referring to number of the last branchiate chaetiger) and total number of chaetigers. C. Relationships between caruncle length (in chaetiger numbers) and total number of chaetigers, and distribution of pennoned capillaries in notopodia (referring to number of the last chaetiger with pennoned capillaries) and total number of chaetigers. D. Relationships between distribution of gametes (referring to number of the first and the last chaetigers with gametes) and total number of chaetigers." captionText-3="Fig. 15. Chaetal and gamete morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. (live individuals, MIMB 40713). A. Notopodia of chaetigers 8 and 9, showing pennoned capillaries in the anterior row of notochaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 10, showing pennoned capillaries in the anterior row of notochaetae. C. Chaetae of chaetiger 5. D. A series of hooded hooks and glandular pouch from neuropodium of chaetiger 10. E. A series of hooded hooks from a posterior neuropodium. F. Female fertile chaetigers, left lateral view, showing vitellogenic oocytes in ovaries. Abbreviations: no = notopodial postchaetal lamella; su = dorsal superior capillary chaetae; ve = ventral capillary chaetae. Scale bars: A–E = 20 µm; F = 50 µm." captionText-4="Fig. 16. Larval and juvenile morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. Live larvae in reflected (A–C) and transmitted (D–E) light. A. 13-chaetiger larva, dorsal view. B. 14-chaetiger larva, left lateral view. C. The same, ventral view. D. The same, dorsal view. E. The same, anterior end. F. 21-chaetiger juvenile, left lateral view. Scale bars: A–D = 100 µm; E = 50 µm; F = 500 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544495" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544497" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544499" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544501" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544503" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5544495/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5544497/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5544499/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5544501/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5544503/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">12–16</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6655B7FF87AE726FEE36C4FE17FC8A" box="[189,449,742,768]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="undefined-c">
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<emphasis id="B912F226FF87AE726FEE36C4FEABFC8A" box="[189,381,742,768]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">Pseudopolydora</emphasis>
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sp. C
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</taxonomicName>
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−
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC70825FF87AE726E8D36C4FCDFFC8A" author="Al-Kandari M. & Sattari Z. & Hussain S. & Radashevsky V. I. & Zhadan A." box="[478,777,742,768]" page="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" year="2019">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF753C5FF87AE726E8D36C4FCDFFC8A" author="Al-Kandari M. & Sattari Z. & Hussain S. & Radashevsky V. I. & Zhadan A." box="[478,777,742,768]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref22198" refString="Al-Kandari M., Sattari Z., Hussain S., Radashevsky V. I. & Zhadan A. 2019. Checklist of intertidal polychaetes (Annelida) of Kuwait, northern part of the Arabian Gulf. Regional Studies in Marine Science 32: 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. rsma. 2019.100872" type="journal article" year="2019">
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Al-Kandari
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<emphasis id="B912F226FF87AE726D3836C4FD49FC8A" box="[619,671,742,768]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">et al</emphasis>
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. 2019: 9
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. — Radashevsky
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<emphasis id="B912F226FF87AE726C8F36C4FBD9FC8A" box="[988,1039,742,768]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">et al</emphasis>
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. 2020: table 1, fig. 1.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37C7DBFFF87AE726FEE3705FCB8FBAA" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF87AE726FEE3705FEE0FCCB" blockId="23.[189,310,807,833]" box="[189,310,807,833]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">
|
||
<heading id="D0919958FF87AE726FEE3705FEE0FCCB" bold="true" box="[189,310,807,833]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF87AE726FEE3705FEE0FCCB" bold="true" box="[189,310,807,833]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF87AE726FEE3774FCB8FBAA" blockId="23.[189,1399,854,1056]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">Prostomium anteriorly notched to weakly incised, with two rounded lobes. Palps with up to 11 yellow bands. Occipital antenna absent. Anterior-row capillaries in notopodia from chaetiger 7 to chaetigers 9−14 with wide subtriangular, pennoned limbation. Chaetiger 5 larger than chaetigers 4 and 6, dorsally overlapping anterior part of chaetiger 6; lower (anterior-row) notopodial spines, with distal part of stem enlarged, cup-shaped, with a concavity on top and long pennoned, pointed tip. Pygidium small and fleshy, disc-like to cup-shaped, with dorsal gap to incision.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37C7DBFFF87AE726FEE3065FC33FB1A" box="[189,997,1095,1168]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF87AE726FEE3065FE92FBEB" blockId="23.[189,324,1095,1121]" box="[189,324,1095,1121]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">
|
||
<heading id="D0919958FF87AE726FEE3065FE92FBEB" bold="true" box="[189,324,1095,1121]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF87AE726FEE3065FE92FBEB" bold="true" box="[189,324,1095,1121]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF87AE726FEE3054FC33FB1A" blockId="23.[189,997,1142,1168]" box="[189,997,1142,1168]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">
|
||
The name refers to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DD9096FF87AE726E9F3054FE29FB1A" box="[460,511,1142,1168]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of the species in Kuwaiti waters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37C7DBFFF87AE7D6FEE3095FE91FECC" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="144" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF87AE726FEE3095FE7CFB5B" blockId="23.[189,426,1207,1233]" box="[189,426,1207,1233]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">
|
||
<heading id="D0919958FF87AE726FEE3095FE7CFB5B" bold="true" box="[189,426,1207,1233]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF87AE726FEE3095FE7CFB5B" bold="true" box="[189,426,1207,1233]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF87AE726FB930C4FD11FACD" blockId="23.[187,1397,1254,1351]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0E2469FF87AE726FB930C4FD11FACD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406627303" collectedFrom="fine sand" collectingDate="2015-02-04" collectionCode="MIMB" collectorName="Vasily I. Radashevsky" country="Kuwait" latitude="29.377" location="Al-Judailiat" longLatPrecision="73" longitude="47.759" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" specimenCode="MIMB 40853" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Arabian Gulf" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF87AE726FB930C4FE8AFA8A" bold="true" box="[234,348,1254,1280]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DD9096FF87AE726FB930C4FE8AFA8A" box="[234,348,1254,1280]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3716EA4FF87AE726FEE312BFEE7FAA9" box="[189,305,1289,1315]" name="Kuwait" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">KUWAIT</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D60E5BDFF87AE726E16312BFE4EFAA9" box="[325,408,1289,1315]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2E0D6FF87AE726EF2312BFDEBFAA9" box="[417,573,1289,1315]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">Arabian Gulf</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EB978EFFF87AE726D16312BFD05FAA9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CF9F22FF87AE7A6D04367FFDEFF86F:8EB978EFFF87AE726D16312BFD05FAA9" box="[581,723,1289,1315]" country="Kuwait" latitude="29.377" longLatPrecision="73" longitude="47.759" name="Al-Judailiat" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" stateProvince="Arabian Gulf">Al-Judailiat</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5248F3FF87AE726D8E312BFC81FAA9" box="[733,855,1289,1315]" degrees="29.377" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" precision="55" value="29.377">29.377° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5248F3FF87AE726C0C312BFC0EFAA9" box="[863,984,1289,1316]" degrees="47.759" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" precision="55" value="47.759">47.759° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFD808F4FF87AE726CB3312BFBBDFAAE" box="[992,1131,1289,1316]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" value="2015-02-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9CF11CFF87AE726CB3312BFBBDFAAE" box="[992,1131,1289,1316]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" value="2015-02-04">4 Feb. 2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26934BE2FF87AE726B27312BFAA3FAA9" box="[1140,1397,1289,1315]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">Vasily I. Radashevsky</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; low intertidal;
|
||
<collectedFrom id="387A6DC9FF87AE726EF7310EFDC7FACC" box="[420,529,1324,1350]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">fine sand</collectedFrom>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC0864FFF87AE726D4E310FFD15FACD" box="[541,707,1324,1351]" collectionCode="MIMB" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/063z-3mpp" name="Museum of the Institute of Marine Biology" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">MIMB 40853</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF87AE726FB9314CFC59F8A5" blockId="23.[188,1399,1390,1839]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0E2469FF87AE726FB9314CFB5AFA44" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406627305" collectedFrom="muddy sand + gravel around oyster aggregations" collectingDate="2014-11-25" collectionCode="MIMB" country="Kuwait" latitude="29.658" location="Khor Al-Subiya" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="48.1327" municipality="Al-Shumaima" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" specimenCode="MIMB 40708" specimenCount="8" stateProvince="Arabian Gulf" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF87AE726FB9314CFEB1FA02" bold="true" box="[234,359,1390,1416]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DD9096FF87AE726FB9314CFEB1FA02" box="[234,359,1390,1416]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3716EA4FF87AE726FEE31B3FEE7FA21" box="[189,305,1425,1451]" name="Kuwait" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">KUWAIT</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D60E5BDFF87AE726E1E31B3FE7FFA21" box="[333,425,1425,1451]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">8 specs</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2E0D6FF87AE726EE631B3FD80FA21" box="[437,598,1425,1451]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">Arabian Gulf</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EB978EFFF87AE726D3731B3FCF7FA21" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CF9F22FF87AE7A6D04367FFDEFF86F:8EB978EFFF87AE726D3731B3FCF7FA21" box="[612,801,1425,1451]" country="Kuwait" latitude="29.658" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="48.1327" municipality="Al-Shumaima" name="Khor Al-Subiya" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" stateProvince="Arabian Gulf">Khor Al-Subiya</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBDB44EFF87AE726C6131B3FC08FA26" box="[818,990,1425,1452]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">Al-Shumaima</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
);
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5248F3FF87AE726CA731B2FBA4FA21" box="[1012,1138,1424,1451]" degrees="29.658" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" precision="55" value="29.658">29.658° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5248F3FF87AE726BD331B3FADFFA21" box="[1152,1289,1425,1451]" degrees="48.1327" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" precision="5" value="48.1327">48.1327° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFD808F4FF87AE726A4B31B2FF2BFA44" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" value="2014-11-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9CF11CFF87AE726A4B31B2FF2BFA44" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" value="2014-11-25">25 Nov. 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; low intertidal;
|
||
<collectedFrom id="387A6DC9FF87AE726EFD3196FC35FA44" box="[430,995,1460,1486]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">muddy sand + gravel around oyster aggregations</collectedFrom>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC0864FFF87AE726CBF3196FB5AFA44" box="[1004,1164,1460,1486]" collectionCode="MIMB" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/063z-3mpp" name="Museum of the Institute of Marine Biology" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">MIMB 40708</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0E2469FF87AE726BF13196FAB6FA7B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406627301" collectedFrom="on stone" collectingDate="2014-12-22" collectionCode="MIMB" latitude="29.4722" location="northwest of Failaka Is." longLatPrecision="6" longitude="48.2965" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" specimenCode="MIMB 40709" specimenCount="2">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D60E5BDFF87AE726BF13196FB2FFA44" box="[1186,1273,1460,1486]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">2 specs</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8EB978EFFF87AE726A503196FEB4FA78" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CF9F22FF87AE7A6D04367FFDEFF86F:8EB978EFFF87AE726A503196FEB4FA78" latitude="29.4722" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="48.2965" name="northwest of Failaka Is." pageId="23" pageNumber="143">northwest of Failaka Is.</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5248F3FF87AE726E2031F5FDD7FA78" box="[371,513,1495,1522]" degrees="29.4722" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" precision="5" value="29.4722">29.4722° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5248F3FF87AE726D4231F5FD4BFA78" box="[529,669,1495,1522]" degrees="48.2965" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" precision="5" value="48.2965">48.2965° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFD808F4FF87AE726DFE31F5FC80FA7B" box="[685,854,1495,1522]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" value="2014-12-22">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9CF11CFF87AE726DFE31F5FC80FA7B" box="[685,854,1495,1522]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" value="2014-12-22">22 Dec. 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; middle intertidal;
|
||
<collectedFrom id="387A6DC9FF87AE726B1331FAFB7DFA78" box="[1088,1195,1496,1522]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">on stone</collectedFrom>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC0864FFF87AE726BE831FAFAB6FA7B" box="[1211,1376,1495,1522]" collectionCode="MIMB" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/063z-3mpp" name="Museum of the Institute of Marine Biology" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">MIMB 40709</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0E2469FF87AE726FEE31D8FED1F9B2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406627310" collectedFrom="on stone" collectingDate="2014-12-23" collectionCode="MIMB" latitude="29.6478" location="Boubyan Is." longLatPrecision="6" longitude="48.3156" municipality="Boubyan Is." pageId="23" pageNumber="143" specimenCode="MIMB 40710" specimenCount="2">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D60E5BDFF87AE726FEE31D8FEC1F99F" box="[189,279,1530,1557]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">2 specs</specimenCount>
|
||
; south of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBDB44EFF87AE726ED831D8FDCAF99F" box="[395,540,1530,1557]" country="Kuwait" latitude="29.6478" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="48.3156" name="Boubyan Is." pageId="23" pageNumber="143">Boubyan Is.</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5248F3FF87AE726D7A31D8FD62F99F" box="[553,692,1530,1557]" degrees="29.6478" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" precision="5" value="29.6478">29.6478° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5248F3FF87AE726D9231D8FC9FF99F" box="[705,841,1530,1557]" degrees="48.3156" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" precision="5" value="48.3156">48.3156° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFD808F4FF87AE726C0531D8FC21F99E" box="[854,1015,1530,1557]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" value="2014-12-23">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9CF11CFF87AE726C0531D8FC21F99E" box="[854,1015,1530,1557]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" value="2014-12-23">23 Dec. 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; low intertidal;
|
||
<collectedFrom id="387A6DC9FF87AE726BE131D9FACFF99F" box="[1202,1305,1531,1557]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">on stone</collectedFrom>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC0864FFF87AE726A7631D9FED1F9B2" collectionCode="MIMB" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/063z-3mpp" name="Museum of the Institute of Marine Biology" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">MIMB 40710</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0E2469FF87AE726E4E323FFE60F9D1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406627311" collectedFrom="on empty shells and stones" collectingDate="2015-01-24" collectionCode="MIMB" latitude="29.649" location="Boubyan Is." longLatPrecision="55" longitude="48.3136" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" specimenCode="MIMB 40711" specimenCount="45">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D60E5BDFF87AE726E4E323FFE52F9B2" box="[285,388,1565,1592]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">45 specs</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8EB978EFFF87AE726EDC323FFDC9F9B2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CF9F22FF87AE7A6D04367FFDEFF86F:8EB978EFFF87AE726EDC323FFDC9F9B2" box="[399,543,1565,1592]" country="Kuwait" latitude="29.649" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="48.3136" name="Boubyan Is." pageId="23" pageNumber="143">Boubyan Is.</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5248F3FF87AE726D78323FFD70F9B2" box="[555,678,1565,1592]" degrees="29.649" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" precision="55" value="29.649">29.649° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5248F3FF87AE726DE2323FFCE1F9B2" box="[689,823,1565,1592]" degrees="48.3136" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" precision="5" value="48.3136">48.3136° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFD808F4FF87AE726C10323CFC0FF9B2" box="[835,985,1565,1592]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" value="2015-01-24">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9CF11CFF87AE726C10323CFC0FF9B2" box="[835,985,1565,1592]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" value="2015-01-24">24 Jan. 2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; low intertidal;
|
||
<collectedFrom id="387A6DC9FF87AE726BDC323CFEDFF9D1" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">on empty shells and stones</collectedFrom>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC0864FFF87AE726E463263FE60F9D1" box="[277,438,1601,1627]" collectionCode="MIMB" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/063z-3mpp" name="Museum of the Institute of Marine Biology" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">MIMB 40711</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0E2469FF87AE726E9D3263FE7AF9F4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406627306" collectedFrom="on stone" collectingDate="2015-01-25" collectionCode="MIMB" latitude="29.7897" location="Boubyan Is." longLatPrecision="6" longitude="48.3727" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" specimenCode="MIMB 40712" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D60E5BDFF87AE726E9D3263FDF5F9D1" box="[462,547,1601,1627]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8EB978EFFF87AE726D7D3263FD69F9D1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CF9F22FF87AE7A6D04367FFDEFF86F:8EB978EFFF87AE726D7D3263FD69F9D1" box="[558,703,1601,1627]" country="Kuwait" latitude="29.7897" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="48.3727" name="Boubyan Is." pageId="23" pageNumber="143">Boubyan Is.</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5248F3FF87AE726D983263FC83F9D1" box="[715,853,1601,1627]" degrees="29.7897" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" precision="5" value="29.7897">29.7897° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5248F3FF87AE726C333263FC31F9D1" box="[864,999,1601,1627]" degrees="48.3727" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" precision="5" value="48.3727">48.3727° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFD808F4FF87AE726CA03262FB5DF9D1" box="[1011,1163,1600,1627]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" value="2015-01-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9CF11CFF87AE726CA03262FB5DF9D1" box="[1011,1163,1600,1627]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" value="2015-01-25">25 Jan. 2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; upper intertidal;
|
||
<collectedFrom id="387A6DC9FF87AE726A0A3263FF29F9F4" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">on stone</collectedFrom>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC0864FFF87AE726E593246FE7AF9F4" box="[266,428,1636,1662]" collectionCode="MIMB" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/063z-3mpp" name="Museum of the Institute of Marine Biology" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">MIMB 40712</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0E2469FF87AE726E953246FB45F9F4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406627304" box="[454,1171,1636,1662]" collectedFrom="fine sand" collectingDate="2015-02-04" collectionCode="MIMB" collectorName="Vasily I. Radashevsky" country="Kuwait" latitude="29.377" location="Al-Judailiat" longLatPrecision="73" longitude="47.759" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" specimenCode="MIMB 40713" specimenCount="17" stateProvince="Arabian Gulf">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D60E5BDFF87AE726E953246FDF8F9F4" box="[454,558,1636,1662]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">17 specs</specimenCount>
|
||
; same collection data as for holotype;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC0864FFF87AE726CA23246FB45F9F4" box="[1009,1171,1636,1662]" collectionCode="MIMB" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/063z-3mpp" name="Museum of the Institute of Marine Biology" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">MIMB 40713</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0E2469FF87AE726BFF3246FAA0F928" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406627309" collectedFrom="shells, sand, gravel, stone" collectingDate="2015-02-05" collectionCode="MIMB" latitude="29.388" location="Al-Doha" longLatPrecision="73" longitude="47.821" municipality="Aushairij" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" specimenCode="MIMB 40854" specimenCount="2">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D60E5BDFF87AE726BFF3246FAD3F9F4" box="[1196,1285,1636,1662]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">2 specs</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8EB978EFFF87AE726A433246FAA1F9F4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CF9F22FF87AE7A6D04367FFDEFF86F:8EB978EFFF87AE726A433246FAA1F9F4" box="[1296,1399,1636,1662]" country="Kuwait" latitude="29.388" longLatPrecision="73" longitude="47.821" municipality="Aushairij" name="Al-Doha" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">Al-Doha</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBDB44EFF87AE726F9632A5FEEFF928" box="[197,313,1671,1698]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">Aushairij</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
);
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5248F3FF87AE726E1E32A5FE1EF928" box="[333,456,1671,1698]" degrees="29.388" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" precision="55" value="29.388">29.388° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5248F3FF87AE726E8032A5FD9DF928" box="[467,587,1671,1698]" degrees="47.821" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" precision="55" value="47.821">47.821° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFD808F4FF87AE726D0432A5FD33F928" box="[599,741,1671,1698]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" value="2015-02-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9CF11CFF87AE726D0432A5FD33F928" box="[599,741,1671,1698]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" value="2015-02-05">5 Feb. 2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; low intertidal;
|
||
<collectedFrom id="387A6DC9FF87AE726CCF32A5FB1CF928" box="[924,1226,1671,1698]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">shells, sand, gravel, stone</collectedFrom>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC0864FFF87AE726B8632AAFAA0F928" box="[1237,1398,1671,1698]" collectionCode="MIMB" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/063z-3mpp" name="Museum of the Institute of Marine Biology" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">MIMB 40854</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0E2469FF87AE726F9C3288FB29F94F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406627312" box="[207,1279,1706,1733]" collectedFrom="sand" collectingDate="2016-03-02" collectionCode="MIMB" latitude="29.3228" location="Al-Bedaa" longLatPrecision="48" longitude="48.092" municipality="Al-Bedaa" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" specimenCode="MIMB 40855" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D60E5BDFF87AE726F9C3288FEF2F94F" box="[207,292,1706,1733]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBDB44EFF87AE726E7C3288FE75F94E" box="[303,419,1706,1732]" country="Kuwait" latitude="29.3228" longLatPrecision="48" longitude="48.092" name="Al-Bedaa" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">Al-Bedaa</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5248F3FF87AE726EFC3288FDEFF94F" box="[431,569,1706,1733]" degrees="29.3228" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" precision="5" value="29.3228">29.3228° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5248F3FF87AE726D153288FD68F94F" box="[582,702,1706,1733]" degrees="48.092" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" precision="55" value="48.092">48.092° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFD808F4FF87AE726D983288FC88F94E" box="[715,862,1706,1733]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" value="2016-03-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9CF11CFF87AE726D983288FC88F94E" box="[715,862,1706,1733]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" value="2016-03-02">2 Mar. 2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; low intertidal;
|
||
<collectedFrom id="387A6DC9FF87AE726B443288FB86F94E" box="[1047,1104,1706,1732]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">sand</collectedFrom>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC0864FFF87AE726B0E3289FB29F94F" box="[1117,1279,1706,1733]" collectionCode="MIMB" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/063z-3mpp" name="Museum of the Institute of Marine Biology" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">MIMB 40855</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0E2469FF87AE726A4B3288FDDBF881" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406627313" collectedFrom="shell limestone encrusted by coralline alga" collectingDate="2017-01-29" collectionCode="MIMB" latitude="29.3764" location="Auha Is" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="48.4391" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" specimenCode="MIMB 40856" specimenCount="3">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D60E5BDFF87AE726A4B3288FAA4F94F" box="[1304,1394,1706,1733]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">3 specs</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8EB978EFFF87AE726FEE32EFFEF4F962" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CF9F22FF87AE7A6D04367FFDEFF86F:8EB978EFFF87AE726FEE32EFFEF4F962" box="[189,290,1741,1768]" latitude="29.3764" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="48.4391" name="Auha Is" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">Auha Is</location>
|
||
.;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5248F3FF87AE726E6B32EFFE11F962" box="[312,455,1741,1768]" degrees="29.3764" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" precision="5" value="29.3764">29.3764° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5248F3FF87AE726E8432ECFDB4F962" box="[471,610,1742,1768]" degrees="48.4391" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" precision="5" value="48.4391">48.4391° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFD808F4FF87AE726D2032ECFCC5F962" box="[627,787,1742,1768]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" value="2017-01-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9CF11CFF87AE726D2032ECFCC5F962" box="[627,787,1742,1768]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" value="2017-01-29">29 Jan. 2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; low intertidal; from
|
||
<collectedFrom id="387A6DC9FF87AE726B4E32EFFE89F881" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">shell limestone encrusted by coralline alga</collectedFrom>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC0864FFF87AE726E3832D3FDDBF881" box="[363,525,1776,1803]" collectionCode="MIMB" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/063z-3mpp" name="Museum of the Institute of Marine Biology" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">MIMB 40856</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0E2469FF87AE726D7532D3FC5DF8A5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406627302" collectedFrom="sandy tube attached to the rock" collectingDate="2017-04-29" collectionCode="MIMB" latitude="29.3913" location="Ras Ajuza" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="47.9967" municipality="Kuwait City" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" specimenCode="MIMB 40857" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D60E5BDFF87AE726D7532D3FDADF881" box="[550,635,1777,1803]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8EB978EFFF87AE726DD432D3FCD7F881" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CF9F22FF87AE7A6D04367FFDEFF86F:8EB978EFFF87AE726DD432D3FCD7F881" box="[647,769,1777,1803]" country="Kuwait" latitude="29.3913" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="47.9967" municipality="Kuwait City" name="Ras Ajuza" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">Ras Ajuza</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBDB44EFF87AE726C5E32D3FC77F881" box="[781,929,1777,1803]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">Kuwait City</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5248F3FF87AE726CFF32D3FBE1F881" box="[940,1079,1777,1803]" degrees="29.3913" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" precision="5" value="29.3913">29.3913° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5248F3FF87AE726B1132D3FB1CF881" box="[1090,1226,1777,1803]" degrees="47.9967" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" precision="5" value="47.9967">47.9967° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFD808F4FF87AE726B8532D3FAA4F881" box="[1238,1394,1777,1803]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" value="2017-04-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9CF11CFF87AE726B8532D3FAA4F881" box="[1238,1394,1777,1803]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" value="2017-04-29">29 Apr. 2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; low intertidal;
|
||
<collectedFrom id="387A6DC9FF87AE726E393336FD0CF8A4" box="[362,730,1812,1838]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">sandy tube attached to the rock</collectedFrom>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC0864FFF87AE726DB63336FC5DF8A5" box="[741,907,1812,1839]" collectionCode="MIMB" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/063z-3mpp" name="Museum of the Institute of Marine Biology" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">MIMB 40857</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF87AE726FB93377FE70F8E5" blockId="23.[188,1401,1877,2009]" box="[234,422,1877,1903]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF87AE726FB93377FE70F8E5" bold="true" box="[234,422,1877,1903]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">Other material</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF87AE7D6FEE335BFE91FECC" blockId="23.[188,1401,1877,2009]" lastBlockId="24.[188,1398,265,327]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="144" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0E2469FF87AE726FEE335BFD33F853" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406627314" collectedFrom="dead coral encrusted by coralline algae and from shell of the gastropod Indothais scalaris (Shubert & J. A. Wagner, 1829)" collectingDate="2017-01-29" collectionCode="VIR" country="Kuwait" latitude="29.3764" location="Auha Is." longLatPrecision="6" longitude="48.4391" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" specimenCode="VIR 19871" specimenCount="2">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3716EA4FF87AE726FEE335BFEE7F819" box="[189,305,1913,1939]" name="Kuwait" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">KUWAIT</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D60E5BDFF87AE726E1E335BFE7EF819" box="[333,424,1913,1939]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">2 specs</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8EB978EFFF87AE726EE7335AFDCBF819" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CF9F22FF87AE7A6D04367FFDEFF86F:8EB978EFFF87AE726EE7335AFDCBF819" box="[436,541,1912,1939]" country="Kuwait" latitude="29.3764" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="48.4391" name="Auha Is." pageId="23" pageNumber="143">Auha Is.</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5248F3FF87AE726D78335AFD6EF819" box="[555,696,1912,1939]" degrees="29.3764" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" precision="5" value="29.3764">29.3764° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5248F3FF87AE726D9B335BFC99F819" box="[712,847,1913,1939]" degrees="48.4391" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" precision="5" value="48.4391">48.4391° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFD808F4FF87AE726C0C335BFC2AF819" box="[863,1020,1913,1939]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" value="2017-01-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9CF11CFF87AE726C0C335BFC2AF819" box="[863,1020,1913,1939]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" value="2017-01-29">29 Jan. 2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; low intertidal; from
|
||
<collectedFrom id="387A6DC9FF87AE726BAE335AFED3F853" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">
|
||
dead coral encrusted by coralline algae and from shell of the gastropod
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6655B7FF87AE726C2E33BEFED3F853" authority="(Shubert & J. A. Wagner, 1829)" baseAuthorityName="Shubert & J. A. Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1829" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Indothais" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scalaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF87AE726C2E33BEFB86F83C" box="[893,1104,1948,1974]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">Indothais scalaris</emphasis>
|
||
(Shubert & J.A. Wagner, 1829)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
; used in molecular analysis;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC0864FFF87AE726D33339DFD33F853" box="[608,741,1983,2009]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143">VIR 19871</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0E2469FF87AE7D6C51339DFE91FECC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4406627318" collectedFrom="gastropod shell occupied by hermit crab; examined but not preserved" collectingDate="2017-02-14" collectionCode="VIR" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="144" latitude="29.3916" location="Failaka Is." longLatPrecision="6" longitude="48.3989" municipality="Failaka Is." pageId="23" pageNumber="143" specimenCode="VIR 20287" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D60E5BDFF87AE726C51339DFC8FF853" box="[770,857,1983,2009]" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
|
||
; east of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBDB44EFF87AE726C93339DFBE9F853" box="[960,1087,1983,2009]" country="Kuwait" latitude="29.3916" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="48.3989" name="Failaka Is." pageId="23" pageNumber="143">Failaka Is.</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5248F3FF87AE726B1D339DFB0CF853" box="[1102,1242,1983,2009]" degrees="29.3916" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" precision="5" value="29.3916">29.3916° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5248F3FF87AE726BB9339DFAA7F853" box="[1258,1393,1983,2009]" degrees="48.3989" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="143" precision="5" value="48.3989">48.3989° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9CF11CFF88AE7D6FEE352BFE85FEA9" box="[189,339,265,291]" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">
|
||
l
|
||
<date id="FFD808F4FF88AE7D6F96352BFE85FEA9" box="[197,339,265,291]" pageId="24" pageNumber="144" value="2017-02-04">4 Feb. 2017</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
; low intertidal; from
|
||
<collectedFrom id="387A6DC9FF88AE7D6D1A352BFAA4FEA9" box="[585,1394,265,291]" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">gastropod shell occupied by hermit crab; examined but not preserved</collectedFrom>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC0864FFF88AE7D6FEF350FFE95FECC" box="[188,323,300,327]" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">VIR 20287</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37C7DBFFF88AE7F6FEE354FFBA3FECC" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="24" pageNumber="144" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF88AE7D6FEE354FFE98FE0D" blockId="24.[189,334,365,391]" box="[189,334,365,391]" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<heading id="D0919958FF88AE7D6FEE354FFE98FE0D" bold="true" box="[189,334,365,391]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="144" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF88AE7D6FEE354FFE98FE0D" bold="true" box="[189,334,365,391]" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF88AE7D6FEE35BEFCA3FD5A" blockId="24.[189,1400,412,720]" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">
|
||
Adults up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E83D1FF88AE7D6E3035BEFE7DFE3D" box="[355,427,412,439]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="144" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E83D1FF88AE7D6EAE35BEFD8AFE3D" box="[509,604,412,439]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="144" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide with 35 chaetigers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF88AE7D6CF335BEFBC4FE3C" box="[928,1042,412,438]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1778,1804]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,695,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-98@25.[189,1398,695,1741]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 12. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. (live individuals, MIMB 40713). A. Left lateral general view, female, in reflected light, showing white chromatophores on palps. B–D. Anterior ends, in transmitted light, dorsal (B) and left lateral (C–D) view. E. Fragment of palp with chromatophore and inner blood vessel. F. Chaetigers 4–6, left lateral view, showing curved diagonal row of heavy spines in notopodium of chaetiger 5. Abbreviations: ho = hooded hooks; no = notopodial postchaetal lamella; pe = pennoned capillary notochaetae; su = dorsal superior capillary chaetae; ve = ventral capillary chaetae. Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544495/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fine black pigment usually scattered on dorsal and ventral sides of head and 10−13 anterior chaetigers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF88AE7D6B33359DFB22FE53" box="[1120,1268,447,473]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1918,1944]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,870,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-145@26.[189,1398,869,1880]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 13. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. (live individuals, MIMB 40713). A–D. Anterior ends, dorsal (A, D) and ventral (B–C) view. E–F. Posterior ends, left lateral (E) and dorsal (F) view. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–C = 200 µm; D = 100 µm; E = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544497/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">Fig. 13A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Up to 11 yellow bands (branched chromatophores) present on each palp when alive (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF88AE7D6B6035C0FB30FE77" box="[1075,1254,482,509]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1778,1804]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,695,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-98@25.[189,1398,695,1741]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 12. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. (live individuals, MIMB 40713). A. Left lateral general view, female, in reflected light, showing white chromatophores on palps. B–D. Anterior ends, in transmitted light, dorsal (B) and left lateral (C–D) view. E. Fragment of palp with chromatophore and inner blood vessel. F. Chaetigers 4–6, left lateral view, showing curved diagonal row of heavy spines in notopodium of chaetiger 5. Abbreviations: ho = hooded hooks; no = notopodial postchaetal lamella; pe = pennoned capillary notochaetae; su = dorsal superior capillary chaetae; ve = ventral capillary chaetae. Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544495/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">Figs 12A–C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF88AE7D6BA035C1FAF0FE77" box="[1267,1318,483,509]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1918,1944]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,870,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-145@26.[189,1398,869,1880]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 13. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. (live individuals, MIMB 40713). A–D. Anterior ends, dorsal (A, D) and ventral (B–C) view. E–F. Posterior ends, left lateral (E) and dorsal (F) view. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–C = 200 µm; D = 100 µm; E = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544497/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">13B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF88AE7D6A6035C1FABFFE77" box="[1331,1385,483,509]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1778,1804]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,789,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-126@27.[189,1398,789,1738]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 14. Adult characteristics of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. A. Relationships between number of yellow bands on palp and total number of chaetigers. B. Relationships between distribution of branchiae (referring to number of the last branchiate chaetiger) and total number of chaetigers. C. Relationships between caruncle length (in chaetiger numbers) and total number of chaetigers, and distribution of pennoned capillaries in notopodia (referring to number of the last chaetiger with pennoned capillaries) and total number of chaetigers. D. Relationships between distribution of gametes (referring to number of the first and the last chaetigers with gametes) and total number of chaetigers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544499/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">14A</figureCitation>
|
||
), not visible after fixation. Prostomium anteriorly usually notched or weakly incised, with two rounded lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF88AE7D6E5F360BFEABFDC9" box="[268,381,553,579]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1778,1804]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,695,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-98@25.[189,1398,695,1741]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 12. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. (live individuals, MIMB 40713). A. Left lateral general view, female, in reflected light, showing white chromatophores on palps. B–D. Anterior ends, in transmitted light, dorsal (B) and left lateral (C–D) view. E. Fragment of palp with chromatophore and inner blood vessel. F. Chaetigers 4–6, left lateral view, showing curved diagonal row of heavy spines in notopodium of chaetiger 5. Abbreviations: ho = hooded hooks; no = notopodial postchaetal lamella; pe = pennoned capillary notochaetae; su = dorsal superior capillary chaetae; ve = ventral capillary chaetae. Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544495/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">Figs 12B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF88AE7D6ED9360BFE69FDC9" box="[394,447,553,579]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1918,1944]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,870,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-145@26.[189,1398,869,1880]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 13. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. (live individuals, MIMB 40713). A–D. Anterior ends, dorsal (A, D) and ventral (B–C) view. E–F. Posterior ends, left lateral (E) and dorsal (F) view. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–C = 200 µm; D = 100 µm; E = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544497/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">13D</figureCitation>
|
||
), occasionally blunt (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF88AE7D6DEC360BFCFBFDC9" box="[703,813,553,579]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1918,1944]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,870,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-145@26.[189,1398,869,1880]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 13. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. (live individuals, MIMB 40713). A–D. Anterior ends, dorsal (A, D) and ventral (B–C) view. E–F. Posterior ends, left lateral (E) and dorsal (F) view. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–C = 200 µm; D = 100 µm; E = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544497/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
|
||
), posteriorly extending to end of chaetiger 2 as a low caruncle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF88AE7D6E34366EFE05FDEC" box="[359,467,588,614]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1778,1804]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,789,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-126@27.[189,1398,789,1738]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 14. Adult characteristics of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. A. Relationships between number of yellow bands on palp and total number of chaetigers. B. Relationships between distribution of branchiae (referring to number of the last branchiate chaetiger) and total number of chaetigers. C. Relationships between caruncle length (in chaetiger numbers) and total number of chaetigers, and distribution of pennoned capillaries in notopodia (referring to number of the last chaetiger with pennoned capillaries) and total number of chaetigers. D. Relationships between distribution of gametes (referring to number of the first and the last chaetigers with gametes) and total number of chaetigers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544499/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Usually two pairs of black eyes present. Occipital antenna absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF88AE7D6BAE366EFABDFDEC" box="[1277,1387,588,614]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1778,1804]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,695,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-98@25.[189,1398,695,1741]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 12. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. (live individuals, MIMB 40713). A. Left lateral general view, female, in reflected light, showing white chromatophores on palps. B–D. Anterior ends, in transmitted light, dorsal (B) and left lateral (C–D) view. E. Fragment of palp with chromatophore and inner blood vessel. F. Chaetigers 4–6, left lateral view, showing curved diagonal row of heavy spines in notopodium of chaetiger 5. Abbreviations: ho = hooded hooks; no = notopodial postchaetal lamella; pe = pennoned capillary notochaetae; su = dorsal superior capillary chaetae; ve = ventral capillary chaetae. Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544495/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Palps as long as 15−20 chaetigers, with longitudinal frontal groove lined with fine cilia, short motile compound cilia regularly arranged in one row along ciliated groove, and non-motile cilia arising from palp surface and scattered on lateral and abfrontal surfaces.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF88AE7D6FEE36D5FB55FC6E" blockId="24.[186,1399,759,997]" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">
|
||
Chaetiger 1 with short capillaries in neuropodia, short notopodial postchaetal lamellae and well-developed neuropodial lamellae; notochaetae absent. Notochaetae of chaetigers 2−4 and 6, and neurochaetae of chaetigers 1−7 slender capillaries with narrow wing. Anterior-row capillaries in notopodia from chaetiger 7 to chaetigers 9−14 (chaetiger
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E83D1FF88AE7D6DFB3743FD32FCF1" box="[680,740,865,891]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="24" pageNumber="144" unit="in" value="12.0">12 in</quantity>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DD9096FF88AE7D6DBF3743FC83FCF6" box="[748,853,865,892]" pageId="24" pageNumber="144" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) with wide subtriangular, pennoned limbation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF88AE7D6F9637A6FEE0FC14" box="[197,310,900,926]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1778,1804]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,789,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-126@27.[189,1398,789,1738]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 14. Adult characteristics of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. A. Relationships between number of yellow bands on palp and total number of chaetigers. B. Relationships between distribution of branchiae (referring to number of the last branchiate chaetiger) and total number of chaetigers. C. Relationships between caruncle length (in chaetiger numbers) and total number of chaetigers, and distribution of pennoned capillaries in notopodia (referring to number of the last chaetiger with pennoned capillaries) and total number of chaetigers. D. Relationships between distribution of gametes (referring to number of the first and the last chaetigers with gametes) and total number of chaetigers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544499/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">Figs 14C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF88AE7D6E1637A6FE48FC15" box="[325,414,900,927]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1739,1765]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,924,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-174@28.[189,1398,923,1701]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 15. Chaetal and gamete morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. (live individuals, MIMB 40713). A. Notopodia of chaetigers 8 and 9, showing pennoned capillaries in the anterior row of notochaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 10, showing pennoned capillaries in the anterior row of notochaetae. C. Chaetae of chaetiger 5. D. A series of hooded hooks and glandular pouch from neuropodium of chaetiger 10. E. A series of hooded hooks from a posterior neuropodium. F. Female fertile chaetigers, left lateral view, showing vitellogenic oocytes in ovaries. Abbreviations: no = notopodial postchaetal lamella; su = dorsal superior capillary chaetae; ve = ventral capillary chaetae. Scale bars: A–E = 20 µm; F = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544501/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">15A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
), up to five in a series; superior and posterior-row notochaetae in these chaetigers slender capillaries with narrow wing; superior capillaries longer than posterior-row capillaries, with long narrow wing. Posterior notopodia with a few long alimbate capillary chaetae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF88AE7D6FEE302EFD7AFAE9" blockId="24.[187,1400,1036,1379]" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">
|
||
Chaetiger 5 larger than chaetigers 4 and 6, dorsally overlapping anterior part of chaetiger 6, with up to four dorsal superior capillaries, two kinds of notopodial spines arranged in a curved diagonal or almost horizontal double row, and ten ventral capillaries; notopodial lamellae lacking but neuropodial postchaetal lamellae present, same as on chaetigers 4 and 6 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF88AE7D6C3E3057FC23FB1A" box="[877,1013,1141,1168]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1778,1804]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,695,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-98@25.[189,1398,695,1741]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 12. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. (live individuals, MIMB 40713). A. Left lateral general view, female, in reflected light, showing white chromatophores on palps. B–D. Anterior ends, in transmitted light, dorsal (B) and left lateral (C–D) view. E. Fragment of palp with chromatophore and inner blood vessel. F. Chaetigers 4–6, left lateral view, showing curved diagonal row of heavy spines in notopodium of chaetiger 5. Abbreviations: ho = hooded hooks; no = notopodial postchaetal lamella; pe = pennoned capillary notochaetae; su = dorsal superior capillary chaetae; ve = ventral capillary chaetae. Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544495/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">Figs 12B, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF88AE7D6CAD3054FBE3FB1A" box="[1022,1077,1142,1168]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1918,1944]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,870,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-145@26.[189,1398,869,1880]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 13. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. (live individuals, MIMB 40713). A–D. Anterior ends, dorsal (A, D) and ventral (B–C) view. E–F. Posterior ends, left lateral (E) and dorsal (F) view. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–C = 200 µm; D = 100 µm; E = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544497/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">13A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal superior capillaries shorter and fewer than those capillaries on chaetigers 4 and 6. Ventral capillaries same in size, number and arrangement (in three groups) as those on chaetiger 4. Lower (anterior-row) notopodial spines, with distal part of stem enlarged, cup-shaped, with concavity on top and long pennoned, pointed distal tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF88AE7D6F9B3120FEE5FA97" box="[200,307,1282,1309]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1739,1765]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,924,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-174@28.[189,1398,923,1701]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 15. Chaetal and gamete morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. (live individuals, MIMB 40713). A. Notopodia of chaetigers 8 and 9, showing pennoned capillaries in the anterior row of notochaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 10, showing pennoned capillaries in the anterior row of notochaetae. C. Chaetae of chaetiger 5. D. A series of hooded hooks and glandular pouch from neuropodium of chaetiger 10. E. A series of hooded hooks from a posterior neuropodium. F. Female fertile chaetigers, left lateral view, showing vitellogenic oocytes in ovaries. Abbreviations: no = notopodial postchaetal lamella; su = dorsal superior capillary chaetae; ve = ventral capillary chaetae. Scale bars: A–E = 20 µm; F = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544501/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">Fig. 15C</figureCitation>
|
||
), up to ten in a series. Upper (posterior-row) notopodial spines simple falcate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF88AE7D6B8A3120FA93FA97" box="[1241,1349,1282,1309]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1739,1765]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,924,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-174@28.[189,1398,923,1701]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 15. Chaetal and gamete morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. (live individuals, MIMB 40713). A. Notopodia of chaetigers 8 and 9, showing pennoned capillaries in the anterior row of notochaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 10, showing pennoned capillaries in the anterior row of notochaetae. C. Chaetae of chaetiger 5. D. A series of hooded hooks and glandular pouch from neuropodium of chaetiger 10. E. A series of hooded hooks from a posterior neuropodium. F. Female fertile chaetigers, left lateral view, showing vitellogenic oocytes in ovaries. Abbreviations: no = notopodial postchaetal lamella; su = dorsal superior capillary chaetae; ve = ventral capillary chaetae. Scale bars: A–E = 20 µm; F = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544501/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">Fig. 15C</figureCitation>
|
||
), up to seven in a series. Newly developed spines in posterior part of curved series slightly larger than older spines in anterior part of series (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF88AE7D6D65316BFD49FAE9" box="[566,671,1353,1379]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1778,1804]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,695,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-98@25.[189,1398,695,1741]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 12. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. (live individuals, MIMB 40713). A. Left lateral general view, female, in reflected light, showing white chromatophores on palps. B–D. Anterior ends, in transmitted light, dorsal (B) and left lateral (C–D) view. E. Fragment of palp with chromatophore and inner blood vessel. F. Chaetigers 4–6, left lateral view, showing curved diagonal row of heavy spines in notopodium of chaetiger 5. Abbreviations: ho = hooded hooks; no = notopodial postchaetal lamella; pe = pennoned capillary notochaetae; su = dorsal superior capillary chaetae; ve = ventral capillary chaetae. Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544495/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">Fig. 12F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF88AE7D6FEE31A8FBF7FA61" blockId="24.[188,1399,1418,1515]" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">
|
||
Hooks in neuropodia from chaetiger 8, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E83D1FF88AE7D6DB831A8FCFFFA2E" box="[747,809,1418,1444]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="24" pageNumber="144" unit="in" value="11.0">11 in</quantity>
|
||
a series, not accompanied by capillaries. Hooks bidentate, with upper tooth closely applied to main fang; upper part of shaft with constriction; lower part of shaft bent at right angle in hooks in posterior neuropodia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF88AE7D6CD631F2FBC2FA61" box="[901,1044,1488,1515]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1739,1765]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,924,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-174@28.[189,1398,923,1701]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 15. Chaetal and gamete morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. (live individuals, MIMB 40713). A. Notopodia of chaetigers 8 and 9, showing pennoned capillaries in the anterior row of notochaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 10, showing pennoned capillaries in the anterior row of notochaetae. C. Chaetae of chaetiger 5. D. A series of hooded hooks and glandular pouch from neuropodium of chaetiger 10. E. A series of hooded hooks from a posterior neuropodium. F. Female fertile chaetigers, left lateral view, showing vitellogenic oocytes in ovaries. Abbreviations: no = notopodial postchaetal lamella; su = dorsal superior capillary chaetae; ve = ventral capillary chaetae. Scale bars: A–E = 20 µm; F = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544501/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">Fig. 15D–E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF88AE7D6FEE3230FABFF9F8" blockId="24.[189,1399,1554,1651]" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">
|
||
Branchiae from chaetiger 7 to chaetiger 16 (chaetiger
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E83D1FF88AE7D6C153230FC55F9A6" box="[838,899,1554,1580]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" pageId="24" pageNumber="144" unit="in" value="16.0">16 in</quantity>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DD9096FF88AE7D6CDF3230FC21F9A7" box="[908,1015,1554,1581]" pageId="24" pageNumber="144" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
), up to ten pairs, fewer in small individuals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF88AE7D6E1C3217FE79F9DA" box="[335,431,1589,1616]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1741,1767]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,962,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-172@12.[189,1398,962,1702]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5.AdultcharacteristicsofPseudopolydora spp.fromtheArabian Gulf, Kuwait.A–C. Pseudopolydora antennata (Claparède, 1868). D. P. arabica Radashevsky & Al-Kandari, 2020. E. P. kuwaiti sp. nov. A. Relationships between caruncle length (in chaetiger numbers) and total number of chaetigers, and between distribution of branchiae (referring to number of the last branchiate chaetiger) and total number of chaetigers. B. Relationships between distribution of gametes (referring to number of the first and the last chaetigers with gametes) and total number of chaetigers. C–E. Relationships between distribution of branchiae (referring to number of the last branchiate chaetiger LBC divided by the total number of chaetigers TNC) and total number of chaetigers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544477" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544477/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">Figs 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF88AE7D6EE83217FE39F9C5" box="[443,495,1589,1615]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1778,1804]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,789,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-126@27.[189,1398,789,1738]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 14. Adult characteristics of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. A. Relationships between number of yellow bands on palp and total number of chaetigers. B. Relationships between distribution of branchiae (referring to number of the last branchiate chaetiger) and total number of chaetigers. C. Relationships between caruncle length (in chaetiger numbers) and total number of chaetigers, and distribution of pennoned capillaries in notopodia (referring to number of the last chaetiger with pennoned capillaries) and total number of chaetigers. D. Relationships between distribution of gametes (referring to number of the first and the last chaetigers with gametes) and total number of chaetigers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544499/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">14B</figureCitation>
|
||
), free from notopodial postchaetal lamellae, flattened, with surfaces oriented perpendicular to body axis, with longitudinal ciliation (extension of nototroch) on inner anterior edge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF88AE7D6FEE32B8FBD2F844" blockId="24.[188,1400,1690,1998]" pageId="24" pageNumber="144">In immature individuals and females, short nototroch present on chaetiger 3 and longer nototrochs with longer cilia from chaetiger 7 onwards, each composed of single row of ciliated cells extending onto branchiae on branchiate chaetigers. In males, nototrochs present from chaetiger 2 onwards, each composed of two rows of ciliated cells (anterior row extending onto branchiae; posterior row running only across chaetiger), and additional intersegmental transverse ciliary rows present from chaetiger 3, situated on anterior edge of chaetigers; cilia of nototrochs longer than those of intersegmental rows. In both sexes, nototrochs on branchiate chaetigers as transverse ciliary bands, on postbranchiate chaetigers gradually becoming U-shaped, with arms directed posteriorly. One or two pairs of short compound motile cilia usually present on dorsal side of each of chaetigers 4 and 5.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF89AE7C6FEE352BFCBBFECD" blockId="25.[189,1398,265,327]" pageId="25" pageNumber="145">
|
||
Pygidium small and fleshy, disc-like to cup-shaped, with dorsal gap to incision (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF89AE7C6B35352BFB39FEA9" box="[1126,1263,265,291]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1918,1944]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,870,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-145@26.[189,1398,869,1880]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 13. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. (live individuals, MIMB 40713). A–D. Anterior ends, dorsal (A, D) and ventral (B–C) view. E–F. Posterior ends, left lateral (E) and dorsal (F) view. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–C = 200 µm; D = 100 µm; E = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544497/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="145">Fig. 13E–F</figureCitation>
|
||
), white due to numerous fusiform glandular cells with striated content.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF89AE7C6FEE354CFE33FE26" blockId="25.[189,1399,365,428]" pageId="25" pageNumber="145">
|
||
Glandular pouches in neuropodia from chaetiger 1, largest in chaetigers 6 and 7, single pouch in each neuropodium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF89AE7C6E3835B3FE0EFE26" box="[363,472,401,428]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1739,1765]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,924,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-174@28.[189,1398,923,1701]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 15. Chaetal and gamete morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. (live individuals, MIMB 40713). A. Notopodia of chaetigers 8 and 9, showing pennoned capillaries in the anterior row of notochaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 10, showing pennoned capillaries in the anterior row of notochaetae. C. Chaetae of chaetiger 5. D. A series of hooded hooks and glandular pouch from neuropodium of chaetiger 10. E. A series of hooded hooks from a posterior neuropodium. F. Female fertile chaetigers, left lateral view, showing vitellogenic oocytes in ovaries. Abbreviations: no = notopodial postchaetal lamella; su = dorsal superior capillary chaetae; ve = ventral capillary chaetae. Scale bars: A–E = 20 µm; F = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544501/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="145">Fig. 15D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF89AE7C6FEE35F0FDEEFD85" blockId="25.[189,1399,466,528]" pageId="25" pageNumber="145">Digestive tract without ventral buccal bulb and gizzard-like structure. Oesophagus narrow, extending through 7−8 anterior chaetigers.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF89AE7C6FEE3615FD59FDFE" blockId="25.[188,1399,567,629]" pageId="25" pageNumber="145">Main dorsal blood vessel transformed into gut sinus in anterior part of midgut. Heart body absent. Blood red, without globules or other elements.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF197EBCFF89AE7C6FEE32D0FCA8F86A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544495" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5544495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544495/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="145" startId="25.[189,232,1778,1804]" targetBox="[189,1398,695,1741]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF89AE7C6FEE32D0FCA8F86A" blockId="25.[187,1399,1778,2017]" pageId="25" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF89AE7C6FEE32D0FECFF886" bold="true" box="[189,281,1778,1804]" pageId="25" pageNumber="145">Fig. 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6655B7FF89AE7C6D4932D1FCE1F887" authority="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova, 2021" authorityName="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova" authorityYear="2021" box="[538,823,1779,1805]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="25" pageNumber="145" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kuwaiti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF89AE7C6D4932D1FCE1F887" box="[538,823,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="145">Pseudopolydora kuwaiti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2214F5DFF89AE7C6C6C32D1FC4EF887" box="[831,920,1779,1805]" pageId="25" pageNumber="145" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(live individuals, MIMB 40713).
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF89AE7C6A7132D0FAE1F886" bold="true" box="[1314,1335,1778,1804]" pageId="25" pageNumber="145">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Left lateral general view, female, in reflected light, showing white chromatophores on palps.
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF89AE7C6B9D3334FAD3F8BA" bold="true" box="[1230,1285,1814,1840]" pageId="25" pageNumber="145">B–D</emphasis>
|
||
. Anterior ends, in transmitted light, dorsal (B) and left lateral (C–D) view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF89AE7C6CCD331BFC64F8D9" bold="true" box="[926,946,1849,1875]" pageId="25" pageNumber="145">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Fragment of palp with chromatophore and inner blood vessel.
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF89AE7C6E99337EFE0AF8FC" bold="true" box="[458,476,1884,1910]" pageId="25" pageNumber="145">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Chaetigers 4–6, left lateral view, showing curved diagonal row of heavy spines in notopodium of chaetiger 5. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF89AE7C6D8B335DFD23F813" box="[728,757,1919,1945]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="145">ho</emphasis>
|
||
= hooded hooks;
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF89AE7C6C9933A2FC31F813" box="[970,999,1920,1945]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="145">no</emphasis>
|
||
= notopodial postchaetal lamella;
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF89AE7C6FED3381FF0CF836" box="[190,218,1955,1980]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="145">pe</emphasis>
|
||
= pennoned capillary notochaetae;
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF89AE7C6DC23381FD7DF836" box="[657,683,1955,1980]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="145">su</emphasis>
|
||
= dorsal superior capillary chaetae;
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF89AE7C6B223381FB5DF836" box="[1137,1163,1955,1980]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="145">ve</emphasis>
|
||
= ventral capillary chaetae. Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8AAE7F6FEE352BFBA3FECC" blockId="26.[189,1399,265,327]" pageId="26" pageNumber="146">Nephridia from chaetiger 4 onwards. In female fertile chaetigers, paired nephridia on each chaetiger opening to exterior via common middorsal nephridiopore anteriorly to nototroch.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37C7DBFFF8AAE7F6FEE354FFED0FDC9" pageId="26" pageNumber="146" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8AAE7F6FEE354FFECBFE0D" blockId="26.[189,285,365,391]" box="[189,285,365,391]" pageId="26" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<heading id="D0919958FF8AAE7F6FEE354FFECBFE0D" bold="true" box="[189,285,365,391]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="146" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8AAE7F6FEE354FFECBFE0D" bold="true" box="[189,285,365,391]" pageId="26" pageNumber="146">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8AAE7F6FEE35BEFED0FDC9" blockId="26.[187,1398,412,579]" pageId="26" pageNumber="146">
|
||
Adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6655B7FF8AAE7F6E5635BFFEA0FE3C" authority="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova, 2021" authorityName="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova" authorityYear="2021" box="[261,374,412,438]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="26" pageNumber="146" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kuwaiti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8AAE7F6E5635BFFEA0FE3C" box="[261,374,412,438]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="146">P. kuwaiti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2214F5DFF8AAE7F6E2F35BFFE02FE3D" box="[380,468,413,439]" pageId="26" pageNumber="146" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
inhabit silty tubes in muddy sand intertidally and in shallow waters and also bore in live mollusc shells, dead corals and shell limestone encrusted by coralline algae. While the species is comparatively rare, the population density in some local places can reach a maximum of one thousand individuals per
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E83D1FF8AAE7F6E2B3624FE70FDAA" box="[376,422,518,544]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="146" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="7C13837CFF8AAE7F6EF53627FE79FD99" attach="left" box="[422,431,517,531]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="146">2</superScript>
|
||
. In hard substrata, worms occasionally form aggregations of 1−3 individuals per
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E83D1FF8AAE7F6FEE360BFF21FDC9" box="[189,247,553,579]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="146" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="7C13837CFF8AAE7F6FA4360AFED6FDBC" attach="left" box="[247,256,552,566]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="146">2</superScript>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37C7DBFFF8AAE7A6FEE3648FD72FC3E" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="151" pageId="26" pageNumber="146" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8AAE7F6FEE3648FEBFFD0E" blockId="26.[189,361,618,644]" box="[189,361,618,644]" pageId="26" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<heading id="D0919958FF8AAE7F6FEE3648FEBFFD0E" bold="true" box="[189,361,618,644]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="146" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8AAE7F6FEE3648FEBFFD0E" bold="true" box="[189,361,618,644]" pageId="26" pageNumber="146">Reproduction</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8AAE7F6FEE36BBFDD4FD73" blockId="26.[189,1399,665,761]" pageId="26" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6655B7FF8AAE7F6FEE36BBFE0DFD39" authority="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova, 2021" authorityName="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova" authorityYear="2021" box="[189,475,665,691]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="26" pageNumber="146" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kuwaiti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8AAE7F6FEE36BBFE0DFD39" box="[189,475,665,691]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="146">Pseudopolydora kuwaiti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2214F5DFF8AAE7F6EB036BBFDE8FD39" box="[483,574,665,691]" pageId="26" pageNumber="146" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is gonochoristic. Both in females and males, gametes developed from chaetiger 12 to chaetigers 16−29 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF8AAE7F6D1C369EFD6BFD5C" box="[591,701,700,726]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1778,1804]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,789,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-126@27.[189,1398,789,1738]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 14. Adult characteristics of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. A. Relationships between number of yellow bands on palp and total number of chaetigers. B. Relationships between distribution of branchiae (referring to number of the last branchiate chaetiger) and total number of chaetigers. C. Relationships between caruncle length (in chaetiger numbers) and total number of chaetigers, and distribution of pennoned capillaries in notopodia (referring to number of the last chaetiger with pennoned capillaries) and total number of chaetigers. D. Relationships between distribution of gametes (referring to number of the first and the last chaetigers with gametes) and total number of chaetigers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544499/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="146">Fig. 14D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Paired testes or ovaries were attached to segmental blood vessels in fertile chaetigers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF197EBCFF8AAE7F6FEE335CFB55F855" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544497" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5544497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544497/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="146" startId="26.[189,232,1918,1944]" targetBox="[189,1398,870,1879]" targetPageId="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8AAE7F6FEE335CFB55F855" blockId="26.[189,1399,1918,2016]" pageId="26" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8AAE7F6FEE335CFEF7F812" bold="true" box="[189,289,1918,1944]" pageId="26" pageNumber="146">Fig. 13.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6655B7FF8AAE7F6D12335CFCB3F812" authority="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova, 2021" authorityName="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova" authorityYear="2021" box="[577,869,1918,1944]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="26" pageNumber="146" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kuwaiti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8AAE7F6D12335CFCB3F812" box="[577,869,1918,1944]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="146">Pseudopolydora kuwaiti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2214F5DFF8AAE7F6C20335DFC02F813" box="[883,980,1919,1945]" pageId="26" pageNumber="146" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(live individuals, MIMB 40713).
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8AAE7F6FEE3383FF20F831" bold="true" box="[189,246,1953,1979]" pageId="26" pageNumber="146">A–D</emphasis>
|
||
. Anterior ends, dorsal (A, D) and ventral (B–C) view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8AAE7F6CC63380FC1FF836" bold="true" box="[917,969,1954,1980]" pageId="26" pageNumber="146">E–F</emphasis>
|
||
. Posterior ends, left lateral (E) and dorsal (F) view. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–C = 200 µm; D = 100 µm; E = 50 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8BAE7E6FEE352BFC7FFECC" blockId="27.[187,1399,265,327]" pageId="27" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Oogenesis was partly intraovarian (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF8BAE7E6D06352BFD6DFEAE" box="[597,699,265,292]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1739,1765]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,924,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-174@28.[189,1398,923,1701]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 15. Chaetal and gamete morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. (live individuals, MIMB 40713). A. Notopodia of chaetigers 8 and 9, showing pennoned capillaries in the anterior row of notochaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 10, showing pennoned capillaries in the anterior row of notochaetae. C. Chaetae of chaetiger 5. D. A series of hooded hooks and glandular pouch from neuropodium of chaetiger 10. E. A series of hooded hooks from a posterior neuropodium. F. Female fertile chaetigers, left lateral view, showing vitellogenic oocytes in ovaries. Abbreviations: no = notopodial postchaetal lamella; su = dorsal superior capillary chaetae; ve = ventral capillary chaetae. Scale bars: A–E = 20 µm; F = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544501/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="147">Fig. 15F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Developed coelomic oocytes were spherical, about 100 µm in diameter. Oocyte envelope was smooth, less than 1 µm thick.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8BAE7E6FEE354CFE66FDB2" blockId="27.[188,1399,366,568]" pageId="27" pageNumber="147">Spermatogonia proliferated in testes; spermatogenesis occurred in the coelomic cavity. Spermatids, each 3−4 µm in diameter, were joined in octads. Spermatozoa were introsperm with pointed acrosome about 1.5 µm long, straight elongated nucleus about 1.5 µm in diameter and 6 µm long, midpiece 3.5 µm (head + midpiece about 11 µm long), and a flagellum about 32 µm long (the precision of measurement of spermatids and parts of head of spermatozoa were at maximum to the nearest 0.5 µm and flagellum to the nearest 2 µm).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF197EBCFF8BAE7E6FEE32D0FBB4F86A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544499" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5544499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544499/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="147" startId="27.[189,232,1778,1804]" targetBox="[189,1398,789,1738]" targetPageId="27">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8BAE7E6FEE32D0FBB4F86A" blockId="27.[188,1399,1778,2016]" pageId="27" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8BAE7E6FEE32D0FECDF886" bold="true" box="[189,283,1778,1804]" pageId="27" pageNumber="147">Fig. 14.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6655B7FF8BAE7E6D6E32D1FC8AF887" authority="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova, 2021" authorityName="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova" authorityYear="2021" box="[573,860,1779,1805]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="27" pageNumber="147" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kuwaiti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8BAE7E6D6E32D1FC8AF887" box="[573,860,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="147">Pseudopolydora kuwaiti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2214F5DFF8BAE7E6C3032D1FC69F887" box="[867,959,1779,1805]" pageId="27" pageNumber="147" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8BAE7E6C9432D0FC0DF886" bold="true" box="[967,987,1778,1804]" pageId="27" pageNumber="147">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Relationships between number of yellow bands on palp and total number of chaetigers.
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8BAE7E6C7B3334FCEAF8BA" bold="true" box="[808,828,1814,1840]" pageId="27" pageNumber="147">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Relationships between distribution of branchiae (referring to number of the last branchiate chaetiger) and total number of chaetigers.
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8BAE7E6BE0331BFB11F8D9" bold="true" box="[1203,1223,1849,1875]" pageId="27" pageNumber="147">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Relationships between caruncle length (in chaetiger numbers) and total number of chaetigers, and distribution of pennoned capillaries in notopodia (referring to number of the last chaetiger with pennoned capillaries) and total number of chaetigers.
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8BAE7E6D653381FD9CF837" bold="true" box="[566,586,1955,1981]" pageId="27" pageNumber="147">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Relationships between distribution of gametes (referring to number of the first and the last chaetigers with gametes) and total number of chaetigers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8CAE796FEE352BFDA8FEA9" blockId="28.[189,638,264,291]" box="[189,638,264,291]" pageId="28" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<heading id="D0919958FF8CAE796FEE352BFDA8FEA9" bold="true" box="[189,638,264,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="148" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8CAE796FEE352BFDA8FEA9" bold="true" box="[189,638,264,291]" pageId="28" pageNumber="148">Larval development in the plankton</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8CAE796FEE3515FD3DFE54" blockId="28.[189,1399,311,478]" pageId="28" pageNumber="148">
|
||
The spermatophores and egg capsules, typically produced by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6655B7FF8CAE796CF43515FBB1FEDB" authorityName="Czerniavsky" authorityYear="1881" box="[935,1127,311,337]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="28" pageNumber="148" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8CAE796CF43515FBB1FEDB" box="[935,1127,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="148">Pseudopolydora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, were not observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6655B7FF8CAE796FEE3578FE0DFEFE" authority="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova, 2021" authorityName="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova" authorityYear="2021" box="[189,475,346,372]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="28" pageNumber="148" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kuwaiti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8CAE796FEE3578FE0DFEFE" box="[189,475,346,372]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="148">Pseudopolydora kuwaiti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2214F5DFF8CAE796EB03579FDE8FEFF" box="[483,574,347,373]" pageId="28" pageNumber="148" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The 10−14-chaetiger larvae of this species were collected in plankton in
|
||
<date id="FFD808F4FF8CAE796FB3355FFEA1FE1D" box="[224,375,381,407]" pageId="28" pageNumber="148" value="2016-03">March 2016</date>
|
||
. The 14-chaetiger larvae were easily identified by the specific heavy spines in the notopodia of chaetiger 5. Small larvae, with heavy spines not yet developed, were identified by the specific pigmentation, revealed in larger larvae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8CAE796FB93627FE0CFD95" blockId="28.[189,1399,517,755]" box="[234,474,517,543]" pageId="28" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8CAE796FB93627FE0CFD95" bold="true" box="[234,474,517,543]" pageId="28" pageNumber="148">10-chaetiger larvae</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8CAE796FEE360BFB2BFD79" blockId="28.[189,1399,517,755]" pageId="28" pageNumber="148">Larvae 500−550 µm long. Posterior middle part of prostomium slightly inflated as a caruncle but not extending over chaetiger 1. Nuchal ciliary patches on sides of caruncle at level of prototroch. Palps as long as about half of chaetiger 1. Notopodia with only provisional serrated bristles. Short adult capillaries in neuropodia of chaetigers 2−7. Heavy spines in chaetiger 5 and branchiae not yet developed. Hooks in neuropodia from chaetiger 8. Pygidium semispherical. Gastrotrochs on chaetigers 3, 5 and 7. Glandular pouches absent. One pair of protonephridia in chaetiger 1.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF197EBCFF8CAE796FEE32E9FDAFF856" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544501" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5544501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544501/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="148" startId="28.[189,232,1739,1765]" targetBox="[189,1398,924,1701]" targetPageId="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8CAE796FEE32E9FDAFF856" blockId="28.[189,1399,1739,2012]" pageId="28" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8CAE796FEE32E9FEF4F96F" bold="true" box="[189,290,1739,1765]" pageId="28" pageNumber="148">Fig. 15.</emphasis>
|
||
Chaetal and gamete morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6655B7FF8CAE796C5332E9FBF0F96F" authority="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova, 2021" authorityName="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova" authorityYear="2021" box="[768,1062,1739,1765]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="28" pageNumber="148" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kuwaiti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8CAE796C5332E9FBF0F96F" box="[768,1062,1739,1765]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="148">Pseudopolydora kuwaiti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2214F5DFF8CAE796B6532EEFB4EF96C" box="[1078,1176,1740,1766]" pageId="28" pageNumber="148" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(live individuals, MIMB 40713).
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8CAE796E2F32CCFE46F882" bold="true" box="[380,400,1774,1800]" pageId="28" pageNumber="148">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Notopodia of chaetigers 8 and 9, showing pennoned capillaries in the anterior row of notochaetae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8CAE796ED13330FE40F8A6" bold="true" box="[386,406,1810,1836]" pageId="28" pageNumber="148">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Notopodium of chaetiger 10, showing pennoned capillaries in the anterior row of notochaetae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8CAE796ED33316FE43F8C4" bold="true" box="[384,405,1844,1870]" pageId="28" pageNumber="148">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Chaetae of chaetiger 5.
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8CAE796D9C3317FD32F8C5" bold="true" box="[719,740,1845,1871]" pageId="28" pageNumber="148">D</emphasis>
|
||
. A series of hooded hooks and glandular pouch from neuropodium of chaetiger 10.
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8CAE796D79337AFDEDF8F8" bold="true" box="[554,571,1880,1906]" pageId="28" pageNumber="148">E</emphasis>
|
||
. A series of hooded hooks from a posterior neuropodium.
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8CAE796BAC337AFAD9F8F8" bold="true" box="[1279,1295,1880,1906]" pageId="28" pageNumber="148">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Female fertile chaetigers, left lateral view, showing vitellogenic oocytes in ovaries. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8CAE796A69335EFA81F81F" box="[1338,1367,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="148">no</emphasis>
|
||
= notopodial postchaetal lamella;
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8CAE796D6F33BDFD80F832" box="[572,598,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="148">su</emphasis>
|
||
= dorsal superior capillary chaetae;
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8CAE796B4333BDFBFCF832" box="[1040,1066,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="148">ve</emphasis>
|
||
= ventral capillary chaetae. Scale bars: A–E = 20 µm; F = 50 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8DAE786FB9352AFE0EFEA9" blockId="29.[189,1400,264,537]" box="[234,472,264,291]" pageId="29" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8DAE786FB9352AFE0EFEA9" bold="true" box="[234,472,264,291]" pageId="29" pageNumber="149">11-chaetiger larvae</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8DAE786FEE350EFA94FD93" blockId="29.[189,1400,264,537]" pageId="29" pageNumber="149">
|
||
Larvae 550−600 µm long, with palps as long as 1−2 chaetigers. Notopodia with only provisional serrated bristles. Short adult capillaries in neuropodia of chaetigers 1−7; those in chaetiger 1 shorter and fewer than in succeeding chaetigers,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E83D1FF8DAE786D613550FD54FE06" box="[562,642,370,396]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="29" pageNumber="149" unit="in" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1−2 in</quantity>
|
||
a tuft. Notopodia of chaetiger 5 with 1−2 anterior-row spines with pointed distal tip, and one posterior-row heavy falcate spine among provisional serrated bristles. Branchiae not yet developed. Hooks in neuropodia from chaetiger 8. Glandular pouches in neuropodia from chaetiger 3 onwards; pouches in chaetigers 3−5 each composed of one small glandular cell; from chaetiger 6 onwards, each pouch composed of two cells. One pair of protonephridia in chaetiger 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8DAE786FB93662FDDEFDD0" blockId="29.[189,1399,576,814]" box="[234,520,576,602]" pageId="29" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8DAE786FB93662FDDEFDD0" bold="true" box="[234,520,576,602]" pageId="29" pageNumber="149">12−13-chaetiger larvae</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8DAE786FEE3646FC53FCA7" blockId="29.[189,1399,576,814]" pageId="29" pageNumber="149">
|
||
Larvae 650−700 µm long, with palps as long as 2−3 chaetigers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF8DAE786C9A3641FBEFFDF4" box="[969,1081,611,638]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[189,232,1880,1906]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1313,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-282@30.[189,1398,1313,1843]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 16. Larval and juvenile morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. Live larvae in reflected (A–C) and transmitted (D–E) light. A. 13-chaetiger larva, dorsal view. B. 14-chaetiger larva, left lateral view. C. The same, ventral view. D. The same, dorsal view. E. The same, anterior end. F. 21-chaetiger juvenile, left lateral view. Scale bars: A–D = 100 µm; E = 50 µm; F = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544503/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="149">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Short adult capillaries in neuropodia of chaetigers 1−7. Chaetiger 5 with two kinds of heavy spines in notopodia, comprising three anterior-row spines and two posterior-row falcate spines. Single capillary chaetae with pennoned limbation in notopodia of chaetigers 7 and 8. Short branchial buds on chaetiger 7. Gastrotrochs on chaetigers 3, 5, 7 and 11. Glandular pouches in neuropodia from chaetigers 2−3. Protonephridia in chaetigers 1 and 2; metanephridia from chaetiger 4 onwards.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8DAE786FB93777FE0CFCE5" blockId="29.[188,1400,853,1196]" box="[234,474,853,879]" pageId="29" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8DAE786FB93777FE0CFCE5" bold="true" box="[234,474,853,879]" pageId="29" pageNumber="149">14-chaetiger larvae</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8DAE786FEE375BFC24FB26" blockId="29.[188,1400,853,1196]" pageId="29" pageNumber="149">
|
||
Larvae 700−750 µm long and up to 200 µm wide in middle part (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF8DAE786C84375AFBFBFC19" box="[983,1069,888,915]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[189,232,1880,1906]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1313,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-282@30.[189,1398,1313,1843]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 16. Larval and juvenile morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. Live larvae in reflected (A–C) and transmitted (D–E) light. A. 13-chaetiger larva, dorsal view. B. 14-chaetiger larva, left lateral view. C. The same, ventral view. D. The same, dorsal view. E. The same, anterior end. F. 21-chaetiger juvenile, left lateral view. Scale bars: A–D = 100 µm; E = 50 µm; F = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544503/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="149">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
B−E). Intense pigmentation comprising small melanophores and fine yellowish pigment scattered all along body, in anterior part of prostomium, in pharynx and in pygidium; distinct chromatophores absent. A small black spot present between median and lateral eyes on each side of prostomium. Small middorsal melanophores in anterior part of chaetiger 1 and on pygidium at level of telotroch; chaetiger 1 melanophore occasionally heavily ramified and hardly discernible. Small paired dorsal melanophores from chaetiger 3 onwards. Small dorso-lateral melanophores from chaetigers 3−4 onwards, usually indistinct, difficult to recognize. Single small lateral melanophores on either side on anterior edge of chaetiger 2; in some larvae, lateral melanophores appearing as indistinct spots of diffused black pigment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8DAE786FEE30F1FE31F9A0" blockId="29.[188,1400,1235,1579]" pageId="29" pageNumber="149">Prostomium anteriorly wide and rounded, posteriorly extending to middle of chaetiger 1 as a low narrow caruncle. Nuchal organs large round ciliary patches on sides of caruncle on anterior half of chaetiger 1. Occipital antenna absent. Three pairs of black eyes arranged almost in a transverse line, comprising one pair of small rounded median eyes and two pairs of lateral eyes; lateral eyes on each side situated close to each other and appearing as one comma-shaped eye. One pair of spherical unpigmented ocelli, each about 17 µm in diameter, present in front of pigmented eyes. One pair of compound motile cilia, each about 20 µm long, situated near median eyes, and one pair of compound cells, each about 75 µm long, situated near lateral eyes. One pair of palps arising from posterior dorso-lateral edges of peristomium, posterior to prototroch; each palp as long as about four chaetigers. Shallow frontal longitudinal groove on palps densely ciliated.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8DAE786FEE3273FC08F95F" blockId="29.[187,1399,1617,1750]" pageId="29" pageNumber="149">Prototroch and telotroch well developed. Nototrochs and grasping cilia from chaetiger 3 onwards. Triangular neurotroch extending over ventral peristomial lip from mouth to end of chaetiger 1. Two small ciliated cells present on each side of neurotroch. Ventral ciliated pit absent. Gastrotrochs on chaetigers 5, 7 and 11, each composed of six large cells with numerous long cilia.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8DAE786FEE32DEFD82F80A" blockId="29.[189,1399,1788,1921]" pageId="29" pageNumber="149">Provisional serrated bristles in all notopodia including chaetiger 5; those in anterior chaetigers up to 175 µm long, gradually becoming shorted in succeeding chaetiger. Short adult capillaries in notopodia from chaetiger 2, and in neuropodia in chaetigers 1−7. Single capillary chaetae with flag-like limbation in notopodia of chaetigers 7 and 8.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8EAE7B6FEE352BFBAEFEE3" blockId="30.[189,1398,265,362]" pageId="30" pageNumber="150">Chaetiger 5 with two kinds of heavy spines in notopodia in addition to short adult capillaries and long provisional bristles. Spines comprising 3−4 anterior-row spines with wide cup-shaped distal end of stem bearing long transparent pointed tip, and 2−3 posterior-row simple falcate spines.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8EAE7B6FEE35B3FE62FE7B" blockId="30.[188,1399,401,498]" pageId="30" pageNumber="150">Hooks in neuropodia from chaetiger 8 onwards, up to five in a series, not accompanied by capillaries. Hooks bidentate, with upper tooth closely applied to main fang, with outer hood; lower part of shaft bent almost at right angle.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8EAE7B6FEE363BFC97FDDC" blockId="30.[189,1398,537,598]" pageId="30" pageNumber="150">Branchiae short, on chaetigers 7 and 8. Pygidium semispherical, divided into two rounded lobes by vertical median furrow and bearing four short papillae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8EAE7B6FEE365FFB5BFD31" blockId="30.[189,1398,637,699]" pageId="30" pageNumber="150">Lateral sensory organs, each 4−5 µm in diameter, with thin non-motile cilia up to 20 µm long situated between noto- and neuropodia from chaetiger 1 onwards, including chaetigers 3−5.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8EAE7B6FEE36C0FC4FFCAA" blockId="30.[189,1398,738,800]" pageId="30" pageNumber="150">
|
||
Numerous oval to spherical glandular cells with striated content present in anterior part of prostomium, on dorsal side of chaetigers, in pygidium and palps (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF8EAE7B6C713727FC5AFCAA" box="[802,908,773,800]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[189,232,1880,1906]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1313,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-282@30.[189,1398,1313,1843]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 16. Larval and juvenile morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. Live larvae in reflected (A–C) and transmitted (D–E) light. A. 13-chaetiger larva, dorsal view. B. 14-chaetiger larva, left lateral view. C. The same, ventral view. D. The same, dorsal view. E. The same, anterior end. F. 21-chaetiger juvenile, left lateral view. Scale bars: A–D = 100 µm; E = 50 µm; F = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544503/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="150">Fig. 16E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8EAE7B6FEE3764FC59FC0E" blockId="30.[189,1399,838,900]" pageId="30" pageNumber="150">Glandular pouches in neuropodia from chaetigers 1−2, very small in first chaetigers, large in chaetigers 6 and 7, gradually diminishing in size in succeeding chaetigers.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8EAE7B6FEE378EFEC1FBD8" blockId="30.[188,1400,939,1106]" pageId="30" pageNumber="150">Large lateral lips and small ventral lip of peristomium lined with numerous short cilia and forming voluminous vestibulum. Compound motile cilia up to 65 µm long present on lateral and ventral sides of lateral peristomial lips. Narrow oesophagus extending through three chaetigers. Gizzard-like structure absent in digestive tract. Numerous lipid globules up to 10 µm in diameter present in wall of voluminous midgut.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8EAE7B6FEE305BFBA9FB19" blockId="30.[189,1151,1145,1172]" box="[189,1151,1145,1172]" pageId="30" pageNumber="150">Circulatory system developed and functional; blood transparent, without pigment.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8EAE7B6FEE3099FB22FB5F" blockId="30.[189,1268,1211,1237]" box="[189,1268,1211,1237]" pageId="30" pageNumber="150">Two pairs of protonephridia in chaetigers 1 and 2. Metanephridia from chaetiger 4 onwards.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF197EBCFF8EAE7B6FEE337AFB81F857" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544503" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5544503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544503/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="150" startId="30.[189,232,1880,1906]" targetBox="[189,1398,1313,1842]" targetPageId="30">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8EAE7B6FEE337AFB81F857" blockId="30.[189,1398,1880,2013]" pageId="30" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8EAE7B6FEE337AFECAF8F9" bold="true" box="[189,284,1880,1907]" pageId="30" pageNumber="150">Fig. 16.</emphasis>
|
||
Larval and juvenile morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6655B7FF8EAE7B6D87337BFC22F8F9" authority="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova, 2021" authorityName="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova" authorityYear="2021" box="[724,1012,1881,1907]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="30" pageNumber="150" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kuwaiti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8EAE7B6D87337BFC22F8F9" box="[724,1012,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="150">Pseudopolydora kuwaiti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2214F5DFF8EAE7B6CA8337BFB8EF8F9" box="[1019,1112,1881,1907]" pageId="30" pageNumber="150" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Live larvae in reflected (A–C) and transmitted (D–E) light.
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8EAE7B6D33335EFDA3F81C" bold="true" box="[608,629,1916,1942]" pageId="30" pageNumber="150">A</emphasis>
|
||
. 13-chaetiger larva, dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8EAE7B6CA9335EFBD8F81C" bold="true" box="[1018,1038,1916,1942]" pageId="30" pageNumber="150">B</emphasis>
|
||
. 14-chaetiger larva, left lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8EAE7B6E5033BDFECEF833" bold="true" box="[259,280,1951,1977]" pageId="30" pageNumber="150">C</emphasis>
|
||
. The same, ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8EAE7B6D1B33BDFD8BF833" bold="true" box="[584,605,1951,1977]" pageId="30" pageNumber="150">D</emphasis>
|
||
. The same, dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8EAE7B6CD033BDFC40F833" bold="true" box="[899,918,1951,1977]" pageId="30" pageNumber="150">E</emphasis>
|
||
. The same, anterior end.
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8EAE7B6B9033BDFB02F833" bold="true" box="[1219,1236,1951,1977]" pageId="30" pageNumber="150">F</emphasis>
|
||
. 21-chaetiger juvenile, left lateral view. Scale bars: A–D = 100 µm; E = 50 µm; F = 500 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8FAE7A6FEE352AFD97FEA8" blockId="31.[189,577,264,291]" box="[189,577,264,291]" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<heading id="D0919958FF8FAE7A6FEE352AFD97FEA8" bold="true" box="[189,577,264,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="151" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8FAE7A6FEE352AFD97FEA8" bold="true" box="[189,577,264,291]" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">Settlement and metamorphosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8FAE7A6FB93514FE0CFEDB" blockId="31.[187,1400,310,683]" box="[234,474,310,337]" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8FAE7A6FB93514FE0CFEDB" bold="true" box="[234,474,310,337]" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">14-chaetiger larvae</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8FAE7A6FEE3578FD4CFD21" blockId="31.[187,1400,310,683]" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">Larvae about 700 µm long easily settled and underwent gradual metamorphosis in Petri dishes. They started crawling and in the absence of sediment built transparent mucous tubes. The metamorphosis comprised loss of larval features, such as provisional bristles in notopodia, proto-, telo-, neuro-, gastrotrochs and grasping cilia, nototrochs on chaetigers 3−5, and also the transformation of the head and rapid elongation of the palps. The prostomium became distinctly separated from the peristomium. Nuchal organs transformed from oval ciliary patches to longitudinal narrow ciliary bands on the posterior sides of the prostomium. Lateral peristomial lips became reduced and transformed into dorso-lateral ciliary folds of the foregut. The ventral peristomial lip enlarged and formed the adult peristomium and basement for the palps. Unpigmented ocelli in the prostomium and larval protonephridia in chaetigers 1 and 2 became reduced and disintegrated.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8FAE7A6FB936E8FDFFFD6E" blockId="31.[189,1399,714,949]" box="[234,553,714,740]" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8FAE7A6FB936E8FDFFFD6E" bold="true" box="[234,553,714,740]" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">20−21-chaetiger juveniles</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8FAE7A6FEE36CFFD72FC3E" blockId="31.[189,1399,714,949]" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">
|
||
Juveniles about
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E83D1FF8FAE7A6ED436CFFE07FC82" box="[391,465,749,776]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="151" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, with remains of yellowish pigment scattered on head and pygidium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF8FAE7A6F953732FEE5FCA1" box="[198,307,784,811]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[189,232,1880,1906]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1313,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-282@30.[189,1398,1313,1843]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 16. Larval and juvenile morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. Live larvae in reflected (A–C) and transmitted (D–E) light. A. 13-chaetiger larva, dorsal view. B. 14-chaetiger larva, left lateral view. C. The same, ventral view. D. The same, dorsal view. E. The same, anterior end. F. 21-chaetiger juvenile, left lateral view. Scale bars: A–D = 100 µm; E = 50 µm; F = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544503/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">Fig. 16F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prostomium anteriorly narrow and rounded, posteriorly extending over 1−2 chaetigers. Occipital antenna absent. Palps as long as 12−15 chaetigers, without yellowish chromatophores or one chromatophore present on each palp. Capillary chaetae with pennoned limbation in notopodia of chaetigers 7−10. Branchiae on chaetigers 7−10. Glandular pouches in neuropodia from chaetiger 1. Metanephridia from chaetiger 4 onwards.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37C7DBFFF8FAE7A6FEE37F6FBE1F8FC" pageId="31" pageNumber="151" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8FAE7A6FEE37F6FEF9FC64" blockId="31.[189,303,980,1006]" box="[189,303,980,1006]" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<heading id="D0919958FF8FAE7A6FEE37F6FEF9FC64" bold="true" box="[189,303,980,1006]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="151" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8FAE7A6FEE37F6FEF9FC64" bold="true" box="[189,303,980,1006]" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8FAE7A6FEE3020FD12FADE" blockId="31.[188,1400,1026,1364]" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">
|
||
Adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6655B7FF8FAE7A6E553021FEAEFB96" authority="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova, 2021" authorityName="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova" authorityYear="2021" box="[262,376,1026,1052]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="31" pageNumber="151" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kuwaiti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8FAE7A6E553021FEAEFB96" box="[262,376,1026,1052]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">P. kuwaiti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2214F5DFF8FAE7A6E2C3020FE0EFB96" box="[383,472,1026,1052]" pageId="31" pageNumber="151" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
appear similar to the Asian Pacific
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6655B7FF8FAE7A6C223020FAE6FB96" authority="Hsieh, 1992" authorityName="Hsieh" authorityYear="1992" box="[881,1328,1026,1052]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="31" pageNumber="151" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="diopatra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8FAE7A6C223020FB4BFB96" box="[881,1181,1026,1052]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">Pseudopolydora diopatra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF753C5FF8FAE7A6BF03020FAE6FB96" author="Hsieh H. L." box="[1187,1328,1026,1052]" pageId="31" pageNumber="151" pagination="630 - 635" refId="ref23623" refString="Hsieh H. L. 1992. Pseudopolydora diopatra, a new species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Taiwan. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 105 (3): 630 - 635. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / part / 49380 [accessed 6 Sep. 2021]." type="journal article" year="1992">Hsieh, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both have yellow ramified chromatophores on palps, caruncles without occipital antenna extending to the end of chaetiger 2, and small cup-shaped pygidia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF753C5FF8FAE7A6D8D3065FCBDFBEB" author="Hsieh H. L." box="[734,875,1095,1121]" pageId="31" pageNumber="151" pagination="630 - 635" refId="ref23623" refString="Hsieh H. L. 1992. Pseudopolydora diopatra, a new species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Taiwan. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 105 (3): 630 - 635. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / part / 49380 [accessed 6 Sep. 2021]." type="journal article" year="1992">Hsieh 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). They differ from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6655B7FF8FAE7A6BC23065FA87FBEB" authorityName="Czerniavsky" authorityYear="1881" box="[1169,1361,1095,1121]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="31" pageNumber="151" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8FAE7A6BC23065FA87FBEB" box="[1169,1361,1095,1121]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">Pseudopolydora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having greatly enlarged chaetiger 5 (instead of chaetiger 5 being similar in size to chaetigers 4 and 6) with the notopodial heavy spines arranged in a diagonal instead of a vertical double row, and also by the unique morphology of the pennoned spines, which have a stem with a cup-shaped distal end and a long pointed tip which is easily broken at the base. The two species differ from each other genetically but morphologically are very similar and can only be distinguished by small paired melanophores on the ventral side of the anterior chaetigers which are present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6655B7FF8FAE7A6C34313AFC3FFABB" authorityName="Hsieh" authorityYear="1992" box="[871,1001,1303,1329]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="31" pageNumber="151" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="diopatra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8FAE7A6C34313AFC3FFABB" box="[871,1001,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">P. diopatra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Asian Pacific and absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6655B7FF8FAE7A6F883119FE98FADE" authority="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova, 2021" authorityName="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova" authorityYear="2021" box="[219,334,1338,1364]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="31" pageNumber="151" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kuwaiti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8FAE7A6F883119FE98FADE" box="[219,334,1338,1364]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">P. kuwaiti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2214F5DFF8FAE7A6E053118FE66FADE" box="[342,432,1338,1364]" pageId="31" pageNumber="151" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from the Arabian Gulf.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8FAE7A6FEE3159FDB1F965" blockId="31.[186,1400,1403,1776]" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">
|
||
Larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6655B7FF8FAE7A6E62315EFE74FA1F" authority="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova, 2021" authorityName="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova" authorityYear="2021" box="[305,418,1403,1429]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="31" pageNumber="151" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kuwaiti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8FAE7A6E62315EFE74FA1F" box="[305,418,1403,1429]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">P. kuwaiti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2214F5DFF8FAE7A6EF93159FDD5FA1F" box="[426,515,1403,1429]" pageId="31" pageNumber="151" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
appear similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6655B7FF8FAE7A6C62315EFC71FA1F" authorityName="Radashevsky & Al-Kandari" authorityYear="2020" box="[817,935,1403,1429]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="31" pageNumber="151" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="arabica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8FAE7A6C62315EFC71FA1F" box="[817,935,1403,1429]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">P. arabica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF753C5FF8FAE7A6CB73159FABDFA1F" author="Radashevsky V. I. & Al-Kandari M." box="[996,1387,1403,1429]" pageId="31" pageNumber="151" pagination="12" refId="ref24422" refString="Radashevsky V. I. & Al-Kandari M. 2020. Morphology and reproductive biology of a new Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) species from the Arabian Gulf. Marine Biodiversity 50 (6): 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 020 - 01123 - 2" type="journal article" year="2020">Radashevsky & Al-Kandari 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Both occur in the plankton at the same time, have gastrotrochs on chaetigers 3, 5, 7 and 11, and are intensely pigmented with yellow and black pigments. They differ in that the larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6655B7FF8FAE7A6B0331E3FB1CFA50" authorityName="Radashevsky & Al-Kandari" authorityYear="2020" box="[1104,1226,1472,1498]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="31" pageNumber="151" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="arabica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8FAE7A6B0331E3FB1CFA50" box="[1104,1226,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">P. arabica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may postpone metamorphosis in the absence of substratum and attain 1250 µm long with 23 chaetigers, whereas the largest larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6655B7FF8FAE7A6ED33224FE24F995" authority="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova, 2021" authorityName="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova" authorityYear="2021" box="[384,498,1541,1567]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="31" pageNumber="151" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kuwaiti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8FAE7A6ED33224FE24F995" box="[384,498,1541,1567]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">P. kuwaiti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2214F5DFF8FAE7A6EAA3224FD82F9AA" box="[505,596,1542,1568]" pageId="31" pageNumber="151" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
caught from the plankton were 750 µm long with 14 chaetigers. The developed 15−17-chaetiger larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6655B7FF8FAE7A6D2A320BFD24F9C8" authorityName="Radashevsky & Al-Kandari" authorityYear="2020" box="[633,754,1576,1602]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="31" pageNumber="151" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="arabica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8FAE7A6D2A320BFD24F9C8" box="[633,754,1576,1602]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">P. arabica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have one to three yellow ramified chromatophores on each palp, paired dorsal melanophores from chaetigers 6−7, dorso-lateral melanophores from chaetiger 4 to chaetigers 6−10, and one pair of small melanophores in lateral peristomial lips. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6655B7FF8FAE7A6BCF324CFAD8F90D" authority="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova, 2021" authorityName="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova" authorityYear="2021" box="[1180,1294,1645,1671]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="31" pageNumber="151" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kuwaiti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8FAE7A6BCF324CFAD8F90D" box="[1180,1294,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">P. kuwaiti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2214F5DFF8FAE7A6A46324CFAA4F902" box="[1301,1394,1646,1672]" pageId="31" pageNumber="151" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, chromatophores on palps appear in juveniles; the developed larvae have paired dorsal melanophores from chaetiger 3 onwards, and dorso-lateral melanophores from chaetigers 3−4 onwards; melanophores in lateral peristomial lips are absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8FAE7A6FEE3334FBE1F8FC" blockId="31.[189,1398,1814,1910]" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6655B7FF8FAE7A6FEE3334FE0AF8BA" authority="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova, 2021" authorityName="Radashevsky & Malyar & Pankova" authorityYear="2021" box="[189,476,1814,1840]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="31" pageNumber="151" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kuwaiti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8FAE7A6FEE3334FE0AF8BA" box="[189,476,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">Pseudopolydora kuwaiti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2214F5DFF8FAE7A6EB53335FD95F8BB" box="[486,579,1815,1841]" pageId="31" pageNumber="151" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is the only species of the genus inhabiting soft sediments as well as boring into mollusc shells and dead corrals encrusted by coralline algae. Our genetic analysis confirmed the conspecificity of the tube-dwelling and shell-boring individuals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF8FAE7A6CB2337EFBFFF8FC" box="[993,1065,1884,1910]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[189,232,1720,1746]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,295,1643]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[189,1398,295,1643]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Majority rule consensus tree of the Bayesian inference analysis of the combined 16S (234 bp), 18S (1639 bp), 28S (294 bp), and Histone 3 (306 bp) sequences (2473 bp in total) of Pseudopolydora spp. rooted with sequences of Polydorella dawydoffi Radashevsky, 1996. Posterior probabilities are shown on the branches. The numbers without letters preceding collecting locations are unique numbers from the VIR database linking the individuals on the tree with the sampling data in Table 1 and Supp.Table ESM1. Pseudopolydora complexes are defined by unique sets of characters shared by the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544469" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544469/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37C7DBFFF8FAE7A6FEE33BEFDEFF86F" box="[189,569,1948,2021]" pageId="31" pageNumber="151" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8FAE7A6FEE33BEFE80F83C" blockId="31.[189,342,1948,1974]" box="[189,342,1948,1974]" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<heading id="D0919958FF8FAE7A6FEE33BEFE80F83C" bold="true" box="[189,342,1948,1974]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="151" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912F226FF8FAE7A6FEE33BEFE80F83C" bold="true" box="[189,342,1948,1974]" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD92E34FF8FAE7A6FEE33E8FDEFF86F" blockId="31.[189,569,1994,2021]" box="[189,569,1994,2021]" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">
|
||
Arabian Gulf:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3716EA4FF8FAE7A6E3B33E8FE68F86E" box="[360,446,1994,2020]" name="Kuwait" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D32B1FF8FAE7A6E9D33E8FDFCF86F" box="[462,554,1994,2021]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[189,232,1813,1839]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,517,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-50@2.[189,1398,517,1775]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Maps showing records (yellow circles) and type localities (stars) of Pseudopolydora spp. from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait (see Supp. Table ESM1). A. P. antennata (Claparède, 1868). B. P. arabica Radashevsky & Al-Kandari, 2020 (red star = type locality: Al-Salmiya, Kuwait). C. P. kuwaiti sp. nov. (red star = type locality: Al-Judailiat). D. Yellow star = type locality of Pseudopolydora auha sp. nov.: Auha Is.; red star = type locality of P. melanopalpa sp. nov.: Sulaibikhat Bay; green star = type locality of Pseudopolydora multispinosa sp. nov.: Al-Salmiya, Kuwait." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5544467" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5544467/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="151">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |