213 lines
23 KiB
XML
213 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="62447A71F2B83089A1FCAC949E914537" ID-CLB-Dataset="99508" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6419781" ID-GBIF-Dataset="37ddff76-af79-4681-a698-fc8f6a58bc6c" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6419781" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1600874096722" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A63743915EFFE2E4E4CDC6284BA4B6" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Mormoopidae_424.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Pteronotus rubiginosus" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="443" masterDocId="FF9F4F3B9157FFEBE472C9232F51A072" masterDocTitle="Mormoopidae" masterLastPageNumber="443" masterPageNumber="424" pageNumber="443" updateTime="1698845891737" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="9C7244F25CD889A00C8FE87E7A1B1B9B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="588FB01B14753CD41B800DC5D8ABC2D9">
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<mods:title id="C79CDD86E670896EF21D556871A2730E">Mormoopidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="EAD3E89ED5E540878D931301D8EA3C2D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B9C767D9DF418E8A8F6A51B680945F6C">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BC147740A6211583F102ADFA912E4EF3">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="01E151A06A809859A3082D554BC92769">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="0E3402C9B10785970F915997B528E0AD">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="DA9E7F92F3CD261A3C02782E08BDF902" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="BA8E79A39CC08F1D76DE8E0A609842BC">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="8A3407D2C3216C1245C0F63D8DE67D1E">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="D699976975F83E09B910244755F9E0E3">
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<mods:title id="C9E9278DA1B3D6BBA8CF95E2699CCC9A">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="7BE447C51F244008CB63DE70DAA5DFE3">
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<mods:extent id="3243650CF8B26424B0A22113FBF4A93B" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="ED66765E9488AA3041821EEDAAC4341D">424</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="35CA2ABC31DEB707060805109CAE1FBE" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A63743915EFFE2E4E4CDC6284BA4B6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6606828" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197821918" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6606828" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A63743915EFFE2E4E4CDC6284BA4B6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A63743915EFFE2E4E4CDC6284BA4B6" lastPageNumber="443" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915EFFE2E4E4CDC62F9DA561" box="[150,204,1253,1299]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BB08655915EFFE2E4E4CDC62F9DA561" blockId="9.[145,1147,1253,1421]" box="[150,204,1253,1299]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">
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<heading id="D0F83139915EFFE2E4E4CDC62F9DA561" box="[150,204,1253,1299]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">
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<figureCitation id="13349AD0915EFFE2E4E4CDC62F9DA561" box="[150,204,1253,1299]" captionStart="Plate 34: Mormoopidae" captionStartId="3.[148,178,3292,3317]" captionTargetBox="[14,2785,14,3657]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="1. Antllean Ghost-faced Bat (Mormoops blainuviller), 2. Peters’s Ghostfaced Bat (Mormoops megalophylla), 3. Davy’s Naked-backed Bat (Pteronotus davyi), 4. Thomas's Naked-backed Bat (Pteronotus fulvus), 5. Big Naked-backed Bat (Pteronotus gymnonotus), 6. Macleay’s Mustached Bat (Pleronotus macleayii), 7. Sooty Mustached Bat (Pleronotus quadridens), 8. Wagner's Lesser Mustached Bat (Pteronotus personatus), 9. Dobson’s Lesser Mustached Bat (Pteronotus psilotis), 10. Parnell’s Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus parnellii), 11. Hispaniolan Common Mustached Bat (Preronotus pusillus), 12. Puerto Rican Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus portoricensis), 13. Mexican Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus mexicanus), 14. Mesoamerican Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus mesoamericanus), 15. Allen’s Common Mustached Bat (Pleronotus fuscus), 16. Paraguana Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus paraguanensis), 17. Womurs Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus rubiginosus), 18. Amazonian Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus alitonus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419849/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">17.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915EFFE2E4A9CDC62CE7A561" box="[219,950,1253,1299]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BB08655915EFFE2E4A9CDC62CE7A561" blockId="9.[145,1147,1253,1421]" box="[219,950,1253,1299]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">
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<heading id="D0F83139915EFFE2E4A9CDC62CE7A561" box="[219,950,1253,1299]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">
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<vernacularName id="050CF67B915EFFE2E4A9CDC62CE7A561" box="[219,950,1253,1299]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Womurs Common Mustached Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915EFFE2E4E0CC2F2D6EA548" box="[146,575,1292,1338]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB08655915EFFE2E4E0CC2F2D6EA548" blockId="9.[145,1147,1253,1421]" box="[146,575,1292,1338]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">
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<heading id="D0F83139915EFFE2E4E0CC2F2D6EA548" box="[146,575,1292,1338]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD6915EFFE2E4E0CC2F2D6EA548" ID-CoL="874KZ" ID-ENA="280976" authority="(Wagner, 1843)" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[146,575,1292,1338]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
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<emphasis id="B97B5A47915EFFE2E4E0CC2F2D6EA548" box="[146,575,1292,1338]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Pteronotus rubiginosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915EFFE2E4E1CC6F2DDFA5FB" pageId="9" pageNumber="443" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BB08655915EFFE2E4E1CC6F2B2BA513" blockId="9.[145,1147,1253,1421]" box="[147,1146,1356,1377]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">
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<heading id="D0F83139915EFFE2E4E1CC6F2B2BA513" box="[147,1146,1356,1377]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">
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<emphasis id="B97B5A47915EFFE2E4E1CC6F2F8FA513" bold="true" box="[147,222,1356,1377]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050CF67B915EFFE2E49ACC6F2EE9A513" box="[232,440,1356,1377]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Ptéronote rubigineux</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B97B5A47915EFFE2E5BFCC6F2D76A513" bold="true" box="[461,551,1356,1377]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050CF67B915EFFE2E65CCC6F2C34A513" box="[558,869,1356,1377]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">\Wagner-Schnurrbartfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B97B5A47915EFFE2E708CC6F2C87A513" bold="true" box="[890,982,1356,1377]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050CF67B915EFFE2E792CC6F2B2BA513" box="[992,1146,1356,1377]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD6915EFFE2E792CC6F2B1DA513" box="[992,1100,1356,1377]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pteronotus</taxonomicName>
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rufo
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB08655915EFFE2E4E0CC572DDFA5FB" blockId="9.[145,1147,1253,1421]" box="[146,654,1396,1417]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">
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<heading id="D0F83139915EFFE2E4E0CC572DDFA5FB" box="[146,654,1396,1417]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">
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<emphasis id="B97B5A47915EFFE2E4E0CC572ED8A5FB" bold="true" box="[146,393,1396,1417]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050CF67B915EFFE2E5E2CC572DDFA5FB" box="[400,654,1396,1417]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">\Wagner's Mustached Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915EFFE2E68ACC952C13A58D" pageId="9" pageNumber="443" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB08655915EFFE2E68ACC952C13A58D" blockId="9.[760,1352,1462,1890]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">
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<emphasis id="B97B5A47915EFFE2E68ACC952CC2A5A5" bold="true" box="[760,915,1462,1495]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD6915EFFE2E7D3CC952C6CA58D" ID-CoL="84XKQ" authority="Wagner, 1843" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1843" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Chilonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosa">Chilonycteris rubiginosa Wagner, 1843</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915EFFE2E73FCCC52BABA58D" box="[845,1274,1510,1535]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB08655915EFFE2E73FCCC52BABA58D" blockId="9.[760,1352,1462,1890]" box="[845,1274,1510,1535]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">
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<materialsCitation id="3B678C08915EFFE2E73FCCC52BA7A58D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3863927316" box="[845,1270,1510,1535]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">
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“Caicara,”
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<collectingRegion id="49CB48B7915EFFE2E793CCC52BC5A58D" box="[993,1172,1510,1535]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915EFFE2E0D6CCC52BA7A58D" box="[1188,1270,1510,1535]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915EFFE2E688CF262B0CA7F8" pageId="9" pageNumber="443" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB08655915EFFE2E688CF262B0CA7F8" blockId="9.[760,1352,1462,1890]" lastBlockId="9.[146,1352,1897,2995]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD6915EFFE2E688CF262B70A654" box="[762,1057,1541,1574]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">Pteronotus rubiginosus</taxonomicName>
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was formerly classified as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD6915EFFE2E046CF0E2BEEA63C" box="[1076,1215,1581,1614]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Pleronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="parnellii">P. parnellii</taxonomicName>
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, but here it is considered a distinct species. Distribution of P. rubiginosus has been restricted to South America. Molecular and morphological data confirm its occurrence in the Guianas,
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915EFFE2E7F0CFD42C82A766" box="[898,979,1783,1812]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915EFFE2E05DCFD42BDEA766" box="[1071,1167,1783,1812]" name="Bolivia" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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; its distribution potentially extends to the Amazonian regions of
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915EFFE2E7FCCE622C9EA710" box="[910,975,1857,1890]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Peru</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915EFFE2E064CE622BF8A710" box="[1046,1193,1857,1890]" name="Venezuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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, but phylogenetic status of these populations has not been assessed. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915EFFE2E4E0CEBB2FA6A7AA" pageId="9" pageNumber="443" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF70D6DD915EFFE2E4E0CEBB2FA6A7AA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419843" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6419843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419843/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="443" targetBox="[145,736,1476,1891]" targetPageId="9">
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<paragraph id="8BB08655915EFFE2E4E0CEBB2FA6A7AA" blockId="9.[146,1352,1897,2995]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">
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<emphasis id="B97B5A47915EFFE2E4E0CEBB2E10A7C3" bold="true" box="[146,321,1944,1969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Distribution.</emphasis>
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From S
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915EFFE2E5CCCEBB2D1EA7C3" box="[446,591,1944,1969]" name="Venezuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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and the Guianas S to C & NE
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915EFFE2E077CEBB2B06A7C3" box="[1029,1111,1944,1969]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, E
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915EFFE2E0F4CEBB2B98A7C3" box="[1158,1225,1944,1969]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, and NE
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<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915EFFE2E4E0CE942FA2A7AA" box="[146,243,1975,2008]" name="Bolivia" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915EFFE2E4E0CEC42B99AA73" pageId="9" pageNumber="443" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB08655915EFFE2E4E0CEC42B99AA73" blockId="9.[146,1352,1897,2995]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">
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<emphasis id="B97B5A47915EFFE2E4E0CEC42EDEA872" bold="true" box="[146,399,2023,2048]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body ¢.63-79 mm, tail 24-31 mm, ear 18-21-5 mm, hindfoot 13-16 mm, forearm 61-67 mm; weight 20-27 g. Wagner's Common Mustached Bat is the largest species of mormoopid. Dorsally, new pelage varies from light to extremely dark brown; hairs acquire an intense reddish color with age. Ventral hairs are also comparatively darker, with brownish white tips. Rostrum is robust, with nasals parallel and flattened throughout their extension. Pterygoid canal has large pair of foramina, as large as one-half the diameter of foramen ovale. Condylo-basal lengths are 21-23-5 mm. Ratio of interorbital breadth to palatal length is usually equal or less than 0-44. Maxillary tooth row is more than 9-8 mm in individuals from the Amazon region. There is geographical variation in external and cranial sizes of individuals; Wagner's Common Mustached Bat is overall larger in the Amazon region whereits distribution overlaps with that of the Amazonian Common Mustached Bat (P. alitonus). Additional external and cranial features shared with other species in the subgenus Phyllodia are listed in descriptive notes for Parnell’s Common Mustached Bat (
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD6915EFFE2E05AC0C32BEAAA73" box="[1064,1211,2528,2561]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Pleronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="443" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="parnellii">P. parnellii</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915EFFE2E4E0C3242B04AA5A" box="[146,1109,2567,2600]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BB08655915EFFE2E4E0C3242B04AA5A" blockId="9.[146,1352,1897,2995]" box="[146,1109,2567,2600]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">
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<emphasis id="B97B5A47915EFFE2E4E0C3242E50AA5A" bold="true" box="[146,257,2567,2600]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Amazon rainforest and northern parts of Brazilian Cerrado.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915EFFE2E4E0C30C2E8AAAED" pageId="9" pageNumber="443" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BB08655915EFFE2E4E0C30C2E8AAAED" blockId="9.[146,1352,1897,2995]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">
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||
<emphasis id="B97B5A47915EFFE2E4E0C30C2EC8AA22" bold="true" box="[146,409,2607,2640]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Moths dominate diets of Wagner's Common Mustached Bats, but other prey items have been reported, including termites, homopterans, and many groups of coleopterans.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915EFFE2E4E0C3862BFDABC1" pageId="9" pageNumber="443" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB08655915EFFE2E4E0C3862BFDABC1" blockId="9.[146,1352,1897,2995]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A47915EFFE2E4E0C3862E49AAB4" bold="true" box="[146,280,2725,2758]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Wagner's Common Mustached Bat has been considered monoestrous, but seasonality in reproductive pattern is not clear. In central Amazon of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915EFFE2E023C3EE2BF2AA9C" box="[1105,1187,2765,2798]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it has been suggested that mating occurs from November to January. In central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915EFFE2E01BC3D72BE9AB67" box="[1129,1208,2804,2837]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Cerrado biome), mating season apparently occurs in July-August, with parturition in December—January. Pregnant females are reported in April, August, and November in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915EFFE2E09CC2602A11AB16" box="[1262,1344,2883,2916]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
; in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915EFFE2E4C8C2492EC3ABF9" box="[186,402,2922,2955]" name="French Guiana" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
, they are reported in June and July. Lactating females have been reported throughout the year (February, May, June, and August-October).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915EFFE2E1FEC83526AEA200" pageId="9" pageNumber="443" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB08655915EFFE2E1FEC83526AEA200" blockId="9.[1419,2630,278,1224]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A47915EFFE2E1FEC835292AA145" bold="true" box="[1420,1659,278,311]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Overall, Wagner's Common Mustached Bat does not exhibit an activity peak and forages constantly throughout the night. It usually forages along manmade trails inside the forest and more intensely in places with greater insect availability, showing preference for vegetation clutter in non-riparian areas. In the central Amazon of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915EFFE2E246C89F29D6A1A7" box="[1588,1671,444,469]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, activity level increases two hours after sunset, which has been suggested to be correlated with lepidopteran availability. Activity is also positively related to moon intensity, increasing during bright nights, which suggests an activity pattern driven by prey abundance. Echolocation calls consist of long CF-FM pulses of more than 20 milliseconds. Second harmonic has the maximum energy at 53-55 kHz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915EFFE2E1FCCB5A2646A3A7" pageId="9" pageNumber="443" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB08655915EFFE2E1FCCB5A2646A3A7" blockId="9.[1419,2630,278,1224]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A47915EFFE2E1FCCB5A2732A2E8" bold="true" box="[1422,2147,633,666]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Clusters with hundreds to thousands of Wagner’s Common Mustached Bats have been reported in sandstone caves in the eastern Amazon of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915EFFE2E2A7CBEB2876A29B" box="[1749,1831,712,745]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Small groups of less than 100 individuals also have been reported roosting in limestone cavities and man-made structures in central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915EFFE2EDDCCBCC2551A362" box="[2478,2560,751,784]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, suggesting flexibility regarding roost requirements. Wagner's Common Mustached Bats probably fly large distances between day roosts and foraging sites, but there is no information available on how far they fly. In central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C5915EFFE2EC21CA4627F4A3F4" box="[2131,2213,869,902]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, they were found sharing day roosts with Big Naked-backed Bats (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD6915EFFE2E3F4CAAE2711A3DC" baseAuthorityName="Natterer" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[1926,2112,909,942]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gymnonotus">P. gymnonotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and many species of phyllostomids. Sexual segregation seems to exist at least during part of the year.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915EFFE2E1FDCAFF257CA456" pageId="9" pageNumber="443" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB08655915EFFE2E1FDCAFF257CA456" blockId="9.[1419,2630,278,1224]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A47915EFFE2E1FDCAFF298AA38F" bold="true" box="[1423,1755,988,1021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List. Wagner's Common Mustached Batis one of the most common insectivorous bats in Amazon lowlands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE915EFFE2E1FDCD1B284BA4B6" pageId="9" pageNumber="443" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB08655915EFFE2E1FDCD1B284BA4B6" blockId="9.[1419,2630,278,1224]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A47915EFFE2E1FDCD1B2979A43F" bold="true" box="[1423,1576,1080,1101]" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Appel et al. (2017), Bernard (2002), Bernard et al. (2011), Bowles et al. (1979), Bredt et al. (1999), Clare et al. (2013), Filippi-Codaccioni et al. (2018), Ibanez & Ochoa (1989),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CB48B7915EFFE2ECB9CD7F27ACA407" box="[2251,2301,1116,1141]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="9" pageNumber="443">Lima</collectingRegion>
|
||
et al. (2017), Lépez-Baucells, Torrent et al. (2018), Oliveira et al. (2015), Pavan & Marroig (2016), Pavan et al. (2018), Sampaio et al. (2003), Smith (1972), de Thoisy et al. (2014).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |