268 lines
28 KiB
XML
268 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="C9AC2DE8D5DB73831506AA83ADB92FF5" ID-CLB-Dataset="99508" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6419781" ID-GBIF-Dataset="37ddff76-af79-4681-a698-fc8f6a58bc6c" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6419781" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1600874096722" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A637439154FFE8E4E7C52129FBAC0D" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Mormoopidae_424.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Mormoops megalophylla Peters 1864" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="437" masterDocId="FF9F4F3B9157FFEBE472C9232F51A072" masterDocTitle="Mormoopidae" masterLastPageNumber="443" masterPageNumber="424" pageNumber="437" updateTime="1698845891737" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="A6C4C7526E88F03724A0C6945D8A839F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="1613243A05577762F9BCAD6C63CB360D">
|
||
<mods:title id="3CB0A916470E4049D8D177BC67449421">Mormoopidae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="ECDCD82DBFDB31E41247713B0D9F55DF" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="9156F5699F0E94FF1674E6329FF473A9">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="E3B8C7CF199432C90A513E1D3AA59A9E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="5828B61667872E3CE1E5B70AB070E18D">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="67E4EA23CA729EDEF88827908DF35C18" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="CB781D6E631E73B63A674793582B6E1C">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="44A02E8ADF046D7E35FF221635954D6D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="CF29A65E2EC00F76D7647CE4AEF4F474">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="EF55E1C8881C3E4E229234D219F8E44C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="5B8EAAADEF90E51AFD27C7CA8D3E795E" type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo id="6E71A9BB664D6043FB328807F25E41AA">
|
||
<mods:dateIssued id="A581405CA3319EDE2E063E13E80BB82C">2019</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther id="EFFB08A2EE3DE2EB272F517BAB71050C" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher id="B8AF6F264F63C960BD02EA4A2D5FE69E">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place id="64D1991DC2CBCAF9A16BDFBDCCE1B345">
|
||
<mods:placeTerm id="79160F2E8DEAB73886DAB2C9EE5178CA">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="B5A773C02202C316628E4552CB1C99C4">
|
||
<mods:title id="40B4E1C731DBA5425692793F63A5EE08">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="66AE6F55C1ECE1F6F12564C37216575E">
|
||
<mods:extent id="8E73B567032AD8BBBA6F53879A02EFDC" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="BEFA2CBEBA315EAE7CB45E8ED62873A4">424</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="7B3FA5B8CD99B0154E65FEF652BD4BF3">443</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="C88E1F78578B4C5528C5A2027804ADB6">book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="EA55C8D23FF8DF9EC0FEEEFEE62F9213" type="CLB-Dataset">99508</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="BE2E03C8F60DB5E06CE121F588B6EB9C" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6419781</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A9C7DA9558B552D917AB983EB4AA5F19" type="GBIF-Dataset">37ddff76-af79-4681-a698-fc8f6a58bc6c</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="BBD373883F46B34AAE826E657AC0F324" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F82FB72E5CC26BADF795D8F1F2FB9DFA" type="Zenodo-Dep">6419781</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03A637439154FFE8E4E7C52129FBAC0D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6606808" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197821927" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6606808" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A637439154FFE8E4E7C52129FBAC0D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A637439154FFE8E4E7C52129FBAC0D" lastPageNumber="437" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9154FFE8E4E7C5212FE4AC42" box="[149,181,3074,3120]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559154FFE8E4E7C5212FE4AC42" blockId="3.[146,1198,3074,3199]" box="[149,181,3074,3120]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">
|
||
<heading id="D0F831399154FFE8E4E7C5212FE4AC42" box="[149,181,3074,3120]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">
|
||
<figureCitation id="13349AD09154FFE8E4E7C5212FE4AC42" box="[149,181,3074,3120]" captionStart="Plate 34: Mormoopidae" captionStartId="3.[148,178,3292,3317]" captionTargetBox="[14,2785,14,3657]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="1. Antllean Ghost-faced Bat (Mormoops blainuviller), 2. Peters’s Ghostfaced Bat (Mormoops megalophylla), 3. Davy’s Naked-backed Bat (Pteronotus davyi), 4. Thomas's Naked-backed Bat (Pteronotus fulvus), 5. Big Naked-backed Bat (Pteronotus gymnonotus), 6. Macleay’s Mustached Bat (Pleronotus macleayii), 7. Sooty Mustached Bat (Pleronotus quadridens), 8. Wagner's Lesser Mustached Bat (Pteronotus personatus), 9. Dobson’s Lesser Mustached Bat (Pteronotus psilotis), 10. Parnell’s Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus parnellii), 11. Hispaniolan Common Mustached Bat (Preronotus pusillus), 12. Puerto Rican Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus portoricensis), 13. Mexican Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus mexicanus), 14. Mesoamerican Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus mesoamericanus), 15. Allen’s Common Mustached Bat (Pleronotus fuscus), 16. Paraguana Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus paraguanensis), 17. Womurs Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus rubiginosus), 18. Amazonian Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus alitonus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419849/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">2.</figureCitation>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9154FFE8E4B4C5212DEBAC42" box="[198,698,3074,3120]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559154FFE8E4B4C5212DEBAC42" blockId="3.[146,1198,3074,3199]" box="[198,698,3074,3120]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">
|
||
<heading id="D0F831399154FFE8E4B4C5212DEBAC42" box="[198,698,3074,3120]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">
|
||
<vernacularName id="050CF67B9154FFE8E4B4C5212DEBAC42" box="[198,698,3074,3120]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Peters’s Ghostfaced Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9154FFE8E69EC5212BFFAC42" box="[748,1198,3074,3120]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559154FFE8E69EC5212BFFAC42" blockId="3.[146,1198,3074,3199]" box="[748,1198,3074,3120]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">
|
||
<heading id="D0F831399154FFE8E69EC5212BFFAC42" box="[748,1198,3074,3120]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD69154FFE8E69EC5212BFFAC42" ID-CoL="6RPGX" ID-ENA="59460" authority="Peters, 1864" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1864" box="[748,1198,3074,3120]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Mormoops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479154FFE8E69EC5212BFFAC42" box="[748,1198,3074,3120]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Mormoops megalophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9154FFE8E4E6C5612C27AC0D" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559154FFE8E4E6C5612BC6AC25" blockId="3.[146,1198,3074,3199]" box="[148,1175,3138,3159]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">
|
||
<heading id="D0F831399154FFE8E4E6C5612BC6AC25" box="[148,1175,3138,3159]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479154FFE8E4E6C5612FB1AC25" bold="true" box="[148,224,3138,3159]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="050CF67B9154FFE8E49BC5612EECAC25" box="[233,445,3138,3159]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Mormoops de Peters</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479154FFE8E5A0C5612D7DAC25" bold="true" box="[466,556,3138,3159]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="050CF67B9154FFE8E644C5612C12AC25" box="[566,835,3138,3159]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Peters-Kinnblattfledermaus</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479154FFE8E72AC5612CE2AC25" bold="true" box="[856,947,3138,3159]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="050CF67B9154FFE8E7CFC5612BC6AC25" box="[957,1175,3138,3159]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Mormépido de Peters</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559154FFE8E4E1C5492C27AC0D" blockId="3.[146,1198,3074,3199]" box="[147,886,3178,3199]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">
|
||
<heading id="D0F831399154FFE8E4E1C5492C27AC0D" box="[147,886,3178,3199]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479154FFE8E4E1C5492EDAAC0D" bold="true" box="[147,395,3178,3199]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="050CF67B9154FFE8E5E6C5492D67AC0D" box="[404,566,3178,3199]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Ghost-faced Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
,
|
||
<vernacularName id="050CF67B9154FFE8E637C5492DBCAC0D" box="[581,749,3178,3199]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Leaf-chinned Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
,
|
||
<vernacularName id="050CF67B9154FFE8E688C5492C27AC0D" box="[762,886,3178,3199]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Old-man Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9154FFE8E386C83827D8A111" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559154FFE8E386C83827D8A111" blockId="3.[2036,2632,283,710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479154FFE8E386C83827DDA14E" bold="true" box="[2036,2188,283,316]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Taxonomy</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD69154FFE8ECEDC83827D5A111" ID-CoL="5caba0b8-9d06-4632-b3b7-86c39a7cc67a" authority="Peters, 1864" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1864" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Mormops" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalophylla">Mormops [sic] megalophylla Peters, 1864</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9154FFE8ECEEC8612712A1C0" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559154FFE8ECEEC8612712A1C0" blockId="3.[2036,2632,283,710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B678C089154FFE8ECEEC8612712A1C0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3863927304" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59154FFE8ECD8C8612643A111" box="[2218,2322,322,355]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
.” Restricted by |.. D. Smith in 1972 to “Parris,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CB48B79154FFE8ED09C84D26AAA1F9" box="[2427,2555,366,395]" country="Mexico" name="Coahuila de Zaragoza" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Coahuila</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59154FFE8EE63C84D2760A1C0" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">México</collectingCountry>
|
||
.”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9154FFE8E387C89F2929A29C" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559154FFE8E387C89F2929A29C" blockId="3.[2036,2632,283,710]" lastBlockId="3.[1419,2633,717,3199]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">
|
||
Fossil records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD69154FFE8EC8BC89F2689A1AB" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1864" box="[2297,2520,444,473]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Mormoops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalophylla">M. megalophylla</taxonomicName>
|
||
are reported from several islands of the Greater and Lesser Antilles,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59154FFE8ED35CB2C269AA25A" box="[2375,2507,527,552]" name="Bahamas" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CB48B79154FFE8EDAFCB2C2517A25A" box="[2525,2630,527,552]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59154FFE8EC70CB10271AA222" box="[2050,2123,563,592]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
), and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CB48B79154FFE8ECCCCB102641A222" box="[2238,2320,563,592]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59154FFE8ED41CB1026DEA222" box="[2355,2447,563,592]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Based on these records, distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD69154FFE8EDB7CB75270FA2EC" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1864" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Mormoops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalophylla">M. megalophylla</taxonomicName>
|
||
was more extensive in the late Quaternary than it is today. Four subspecies recognized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9154FFE8E1E3CBD72979A40A" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" type="synonymic_list">
|
||
<caption id="DF70D6DD9154FFE8E1E3CBD72979A40A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419799" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6419799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419799/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" startId="3.[1425,1579,756,789]" targetBox="[1422,2013,290,704]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559154FFE8E1E3CBD72870A367" blockId="3.[1419,2633,717,3199]" box="[1425,1825,756,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479154FFE8E1E3CBD7284FA367" bold="true" box="[1425,1822,756,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Subspecies and Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559154FFE8E1E3CA382811A316" blockId="3.[1419,2633,717,3199]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD69154FFE8E1E3CA382813A34E" authority="Peters, 1864" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1864" box="[1425,1858,795,828]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Mormoops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="megalophylla" subSpecies="megalophylla">M. m. megalophylla Peters, 1864</taxonomicName>
|
||
— from SW
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CB48B79154FFE8E39FCA38270DA34E" box="[2029,2140,795,828]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CB48B79154FFE8ECD4CA3827A7A34E" box="[2214,2294,795,828]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59154FFE8ED75CA382619A34E" box="[2311,2376,795,828]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CB48B79154FFE8EDEBCA382AECA316" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Baja California</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59154FFE8E1BCCA682966A316" box="[1486,1591,843,868]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, S to W
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59154FFE8E2D8CA68286AA316" box="[1706,1851,843,868]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559154FFE8E1E3CA4D2803A3C1" blockId="3.[1419,2633,717,3199]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD69154FFE8E1E3CA4D2876A3F9" authority="J. D. Smith, 1972" authorityName="J. D. Smith" authorityYear="1972" box="[1425,1831,878,907]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Mormoops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="megalophylla" subSpecies="carteri">M. m. carteri J. D. Smith, 1972</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CB48B79154FFE8E338CA4D28F7A3F9" box="[1866,1958,878,907]" country="Ecuador" name="Carchi" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Carchi</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CB48B79154FFE8E39CCA4D272BA3F9" box="[2030,2170,878,907]" country="Ecuador" name="Pichincha" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Pichincha</collectingRegion>
|
||
provinces, N
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59154FFE8ED4ECA4D26E3A3F9" box="[2364,2482,878,907]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CB48B79154FFE8ED8DCA4D2952A3C1" country="Peru" name="Lambayeque" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Lambayeque</collectingRegion>
|
||
Department, NW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59154FFE8E379CAB1281FA3C1" box="[1803,1870,914,947]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559154FFE8E1E3CAE22948A470" blockId="3.[1419,2633,717,3199]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD69154FFE8E1E3CAE228C3A3A8" authority="G. S. Miller, 1900" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1900" box="[1425,1938,961,986]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Mormoops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="megalophylla" subSpecies="intermedia">M. m. intermedia G. S. Miller, 1900</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59154FFE8E3B2CAE227A1A3A8" box="[1984,2288,961,986]" name="Curaçao" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Netherlands Antilles</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59154FFE8ED7FCAE2263BA3A8" box="[2317,2410,961,986]" name="Aruba" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Aruba</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59154FFE8ED0DCAE226ABA3A8" box="[2431,2554,961,986]" name="Curaçao" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Curacao</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59154FFE8E1E3CAC6295AA470" box="[1425,1547,997,1026]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Bonaire</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559154FFE8E1E3CD2B2979A40A" blockId="3.[1419,2633,717,3199]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD69154FFE8E1E3CD2B28DDA45B" authority="G. S. Miller, 1902" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1902" box="[1425,1932,1032,1065]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Mormoops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="megalophylla" subSpecies="tumidiceps">M. m. tumidiceps G. S. Miller, 1902</taxonomicName>
|
||
— coastal and inland localities between C & E Andes ranges of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59154FFE8E20DCD13285DA423" box="[1663,1804,1072,1105]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Caribbean coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59154FFE8EC5CCD132793A423" box="[2094,2242,1072,1105]" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
including Margarita I, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59154FFE8E1E2CD74295DA40A" box="[1424,1548,1111,1144]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
I.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9154FFE8E1E2CDA029C7A671" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559154FFE8E1E2CDA029C7A671" blockId="3.[1419,2633,717,3199]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479154FFE8E1E2CDA029D6A4D2" bold="true" box="[1424,1671,1155,1184]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Descriptive notes</emphasis>
|
||
. Head—body ¢.56-73 mm, tail 18-31 mm, ear 13-16 mm, hindfoot 9-14 mm, forearm 50-61 mm; weight 11-22 g.; individuals of subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD69154FFE8EDFCCD852542A4B5" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1900" box="[2446,2579,1190,1223]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Mormoops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedia">intermedia</taxonomicName>
|
||
are smallest (forearm 50-54 mm) and those of subspecies carteri are largest (forearm
|
||
<quantity id="4CF72BB09154FFE8EE67CDF12AA8A564" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.85" metricValueMax="6.1" metricValueMin="5.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" unit="mm" value="58.5" valueMax="61.0" valueMin="56.0">56— 61 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Pelage is long and lax. Fur color varies from pale brown to deep cinnamonred; hairs usually have four color bands. Individuals from South American subspecies have cape of long hairs over shoulders, contrasting in color with dorsal fur. Ears are short and rounded. Peters’s Ghostfaced Bat is externally and cranially similar to the Antillean Ghostfaced Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0FFDD69154FFE8E369CCB0289FA5C6" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[1819,1998,1427,1460]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Mormoops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blainvillei">M. blainvillei</taxonomicName>
|
||
) but larger. Skull rostrum is proportionally broader. Braincase is squared in profile, with parietals inflated. Condylo-basal lengths are 13-1-15-1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9154FFE8E1E2CF29277FA6D3" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559154FFE8E1E2CF29277FA6D3" blockId="3.[1419,2633,717,3199]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479154FFE8E1E2CF292AADA659" bold="true" box="[1424,1532,1546,1579]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
. Temperate coniferous forest and lowland tropical rainforest to xerophytic scrub. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59154FFE8E253CF1629C6A620" box="[1569,1687,1589,1618]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Peters’s Ghostfaced Bat occurs in cloud forest at elevations of 2350-2700 m. It seems to be more common in hot lowland areas in its northern distribution and in forested areas in tropical regions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9154FFE8E1E2CF8B2611A682" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559154FFE8E1E2CF8B2611A682" blockId="3.[1419,2633,717,3199]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479154FFE8E1E2CF8B29C9A6BB" bold="true" box="[1424,1688,1704,1737]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Peters’s Ghostfaced Bat feeds mostly on large moths, usually with body lengths of 5-6 mm; other prey items include beetles and flies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9154FFE8E1E2CFD429DEA85E" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559154FFE8E1E2CFD429DEA85E" blockId="3.[1419,2633,717,3199]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479154FFE8E1E2CFD42946A76A" bold="true" box="[1424,1559,1783,1816]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Female Peters’s Ghost-faced Bats select areas of caves that minimize ventilation and maximize temperature to establish maternity roosts. Male Peters’s Ghostfaced Bats select cooler caves outside mating season. There is evidence that reproductive cycle differs throughout the distribution. Mating season in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59154FFE8ED65CE4E26F9A7FC" box="[2327,2472,1901,1934]" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
reportedly occurs in March-April. Pregnant females were observed in May and November in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59154FFE8E1E3CE9F2959A7AF" box="[1425,1544,1980,2013]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
and February—June in North America. Lactating females were reported in January, March, and October in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59154FFE8E324CEC7289DA877" box="[1878,1996,2020,2053]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, March on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59154FFE8EC19CEC72615A877" box="[2155,2372,2020,2053]" name="Trinidad Island" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Trinidad Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and June-August in North America.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9154FFE8E1FCC11026EBA9C5" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559154FFE8E1FCC11026EBA9C5" blockId="3.[1419,2633,717,3199]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479154FFE8E1FCC1102928A826" bold="true" box="[1422,1657,2099,2132]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Peters’s Ghost-faced Bats usually roost in large and deep cave systems or in abandoned mine shafts. Although they have been observed in roosts with wide ranges of temperatures (over 15°C) and humidity (over 50%), females only use hot caves as maternity roosts. Peters’s Ghost-faced Bats fly higher and faster than other mormoopids, usually foraging in open spaces along canyons and over streams. They are more commonly caught in caves or in other day roosts than in mist nets. They usually become active later than other species of mormoopids, emerging from day roosts after dark. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59154FFE8E224C064299DA91A" box="[1622,1740,2375,2408]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, two activity peaks have been reported. Echolocation calls during search phase consist of steep FM downsweep pulses of ¢.3-5-5 milliseconds, with three harmonics; second harmonic of 48-54 kHz is usually of high intensity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9154FFE8E1E2C09E2732AB68" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559154FFE8E1E2C09E2732AB68" blockId="3.[1419,2633,717,3199]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479154FFE8E1E2C09E2719A9AC" bold="true" box="[1424,2120,2493,2526]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Movements, Home range and Social organization</emphasis>
|
||
. Peters’s Ghost-faced Bats are found roosting with other bat species, including mormoopids, but spatially separated from them. Large clusters of hundreds of thousands have been observed in some localities, but small groups are more commonly reported. Individuals usually maintain a distance of ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="4CF72BB09154FFE8E237C37829CBAA0E" box="[1605,1690,2651,2684]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||
from each other within the colony. There are seasonal fluctuations in sizes of colonies, with higher numbers of individuals usually observed in the dry season. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59154FFE8E188C3892921AAB9" box="[1530,1648,2730,2763]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, populations occupying caves in different geographical regions might maintain gene flow, suggesting high dispersal abilities. There is sexual segregation in roosts at least during part of the reproductive cycle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9154FFE8E1E3C202266AABCA" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559154FFE8E1E3C202266AABCA" blockId="3.[1419,2633,717,3199]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479154FFE8E1E3C20229A1AB30" bold="true" box="[1425,1776,2849,2882]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Status and Conservation</emphasis>
|
||
. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Peters’s Ghost-faced Bats are classified as vulnerable in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59154FFE8EC40C26B27F8AB1B" box="[2098,2217,2888,2921]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
and critically endangered in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F318C6C59154FFE8E1E3C2532954ABE3" box="[1425,1541,2928,2961]" name="Curaçao" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Curacao</collectingCountry>
|
||
due to size of declines and threats faced by populations known in these areas. Peters’s Ghost-faced Bat has a large but discontinuous distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C315D5DE9154FFE8E1E3C2EB29FBAC0D" pageId="3" pageNumber="437" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB086559154FFE8E1E3C2EB29FBAC0D" blockId="3.[1419,2633,717,3199]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B5A479154FFE8E1E3C2EB2977AB93" bold="true" box="[1425,1574,3016,3041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="437">Bibliography</emphasis>
|
||
. Avila & Medellin (2004), Bateman & Vaughan (1974), Birney et al. (1974), Boada et al. (2003), Bonaccorso et al. (1992), Camacho et al. (2017), Czaplewski & Cartelle (1998), Goodwin & Greenhall (1961), Morgan (2001), Petit et al. (2006), Rezsutek & Cameron (1993), Rydell et al. (2002), Salles et al. (2014), Simmons & Conway (2001), Smith (1972), Smotherman & Guillén-Servent (2008), Torres-Flores et al. (2012), Velazco, O'Neill et al. (2013).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |