363 lines
35 KiB
XML
363 lines
35 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1016BAE5B178C4F1AC398FB773A05CF5">Phylogenomics of Characidae, a hyper-diverse Neotropical freshwater fish lineage, with a phylogenetic classification including four families (Teleostei: Characiformes)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9FE16183768EA01E0184193CD165193E">Melo, Bruno F</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F42BFA31B76BF384708590AD49047CEF">Ota, Rafaela P</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="28356A5A7CB846B79C6EBF5F10FDCE03">Benine, Ricardo C</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ABE0666079D76C41E9E9B9E36ED82D1F">Lima, Flavio C T</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9CFB7C659F5030705369B1A0AD19C60A">Oliveira, Claudio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="D428E9416DAD38B52AA5C285E70773DB">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D6C5886018C556F13724D282E59B784E">2024-09-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="21528487F10CEE1ECAC389FA8CC8AB4D">202</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF3419CDFCD40B00FCA7" authority="Latreille, 1825" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[239,518,826,852]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Characinae">Characinae Latreille, 1825</taxonomicName>
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, new usage
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<typeStatus id="54B1BCF46E74EF341953FC9509A7FC61" box="[113,161,891,914]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Type</typeStatus>
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genus:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF3419CAFC9508C2FC60" authority="Scopoli, 1777" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1777" box="[232,452,891,915]" family="Characidae" genus="Charax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF3419CAFC950834FC60" box="[232,306,891,915]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Charax</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B7FA76E74EF34181AFC9508C2FC60" author="Scopoli JA" box="[312,452,891,915]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref34402" refString="Scopoli JA. Introductio ad historiam naturalem, sistens genera lapidum, plantarum et animalium hactenus detecta, caracteribus essentialibus donata, in tribus dioisa, subinde ad leges naturae. Prague: Wolfgang Gerle, 1777." type="book" year="1777">Scopoli, 1777</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341953FC5A080BFC3F" box="[113,269,948,972]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Includedgenera:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341832FC5A0B5EFC3F" authority="Eigenmann, 1912" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1912" box="[272,600,948,972]" family="Characidae" genus="Acanthocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341832FC5A08A2FC3F" box="[272,420,948,972]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Acanthocharax</emphasis>
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Eigenmann,1912
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341B43FC5A0847FC18" authority="Eigenmann, 1910" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1910" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341B43FC5A0BFCFC3F" box="[609,762,948,972]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Acestrocephalus</emphasis>
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Eigenmann, 1910
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF34184AFC3A08DAFC18" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1927" box="[360,476,980,1003]" family="Characidae" genus="Atopomesus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF34184AFC3A08DAFC18" box="[360,476,980,1003]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Atopomesus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341B21FC3D0B4BFC18" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1777" box="[515,589,979,1003]" family="Characidae" genus="Charax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341B21FC3D0B4BFC18" box="[515,589,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Charax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341B56FC3A083BFBF9" authority="Valenciennes, 1850" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1850" family="Characidae" genus="Cynopotamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341B56FC3A0BFCFC18" box="[628,762,980,1003]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cynopotamus</emphasis>
|
||
Valenciennes, 1850
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
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,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341869FC1D0B5AFBF8" authority="Fowler, 1910" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1910" box="[331,604,1011,1035]" family="Characidae" genus="Galeocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341869FC1D08C1FBF8" box="[331,455,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Galeocharax</emphasis>
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||
Fowler, 1910
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341B48FC1D0BF3FBF8" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1907" box="[618,757,1011,1035]" family="Characidae" genus="Phenacogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341B48FC1D0BF3FBF8" box="[618,757,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Phenacogaster</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF3419BFFBFC0802FBD9" box="[157,260,1042,1066]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF3419BFFBFC0806FBD9" authorityName=", Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[157,256,1042,1066]" family="Characidae" genus="Roeboides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Roeboides</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Not sampled:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF3418BAFBFC0B5FFBD9" authorityName="C.H.Eigenmann" authorityYear="1915" box="[408,601,1042,1066]" family="Characidae" genus="Microschemobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF3418BAFBFC0B5FFBD9" box="[408,601,1042,1066]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Microschemobrycon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31051DD6E74EF341953FBA50BFDFB12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB502566E74EF341953FBA50BFDFB12" blockId="15.[113,763,1099,1249]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341953FBA509DCFB90" box="[113,218,1099,1123]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Definition:</emphasis>
|
||
The least inclusive crown clade that contains
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341B92FBA50886FB71" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" family="Characidae" genus="Charax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gibbosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341B92FBA509C4FB70" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Charax gibbosus</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF3418A9FB850BF3FB70" authority="Myers, 1927" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1927" box="[395,757,1131,1155]" family="Characidae" genus="Atopomesus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachyodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF3418A9FB850B6AFB70" box="[395,620,1131,1155]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Atopomesus pachyodus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B7FA76E74EF341B56FB850BF3FB70" author="Myers GS" box="[628,757,1131,1155]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="107 - 35" refId="ref32889" refString="Myers GS. Descriptions of new South American fresh-water fishes collected by Dr. Carl Ternetz. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparatioe Zoology 1927; 68: 107 - 35." type="journal article" year="1927">Myers, 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341953FB640B15FB51" authority="(Cope, 1870)" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[113,531,1162,1186]" family="Characidae" genus="Phenacogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pectinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341953FB640861FB51" box="[113,359,1162,1186]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Phenacogaster pectinata</emphasis>
|
||
(Cope, 1870)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341B43FB6408B7FB32" authority="(Steindachner, 1880)" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1880" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anomalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341B43FB6409C9FB32" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Acestrocephalus anomalus</emphasis>
|
||
(Steindachner, 1880)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This is a minimum-crown-clade definition. See
|
||
<figureCitation id="13311ED36E74EF34182BFB27085BFB12" box="[265,349,1225,1249]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1839,1863]" captionTargetBox="[243,1360,148,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-6@12.[240,1363,145,1809]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Phylogeny of Characidae and subfamilies Aphyocharacinae, Cheirodontinae, Exodontinae, Tetragonopterinae, and Characinae based on 1348 nuclear loci of ultraconserved elements (538 472 bp). Numbers near nodes represent bootstrap support." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
for a reference phylogeny of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341BA0FB270BFEFB12" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[642,760,1225,1249]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Characinae">Characinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31051DD6E74EF341953FAEC0883FAAB" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB502566E74EF341953FAEC0883FAAB" blockId="15.[113,762,1279,1369]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341953FAEC09E7FAE9" box="[113,225,1282,1306]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
From the ancient Greek ΧάΡαξ (kˈɑː͡ɹɹaeks) as a name for species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341862FACF089EFACA" box="[320,408,1313,1337]" family="Sparidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Sparidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
that exhibit teeth on the oral jaws (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B7FA76E74EF34195EFAAF087FFAAB" author="Nompson DW" box="[124,377,1344,1369]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref35345" refString="Nompson DW. A Glossary of Greek Fishes. London: Oxford University Press, 1947." type="book" year="1947">Thompson 1947: 284–5</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31051DD6E74EF341953FA940CA5FDCC" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB502566E74EF341953FA9409E0F8DA" blockId="15.[113,763,1402,1959]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341953FA9409C9FA61" box="[113,207,1402,1426]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
A group that includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF3418FBFA940B25FA61" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1777" box="[473,547,1402,1426]" family="Characidae" genus="Charax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF3418FBFA940B25FA61" box="[473,547,1402,1426]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Charax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B1BCF46E74EF341B41FA940B97FA61" box="[611,657,1402,1426]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
|
||
genus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341953FA77080CFA42" baseAuthorityName="Buckup" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[113,266,1433,1457]" class="Characiformes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Characiformes</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and small to medium-sized predators such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341953FA570803FA22" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1912" box="[113,261,1465,1489]" family="Characidae" genus="Acanthocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341953FA570803FA22" box="[113,261,1465,1489]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Acanthocharax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341803FA5708BCFA22" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1910" box="[289,442,1465,1489]" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341803FA5708BCFA22" box="[289,442,1465,1489]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Acestrocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF3418F5FA570B5BFA23" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1850" box="[471,605,1465,1488]" family="Characidae" genus="Cynopotamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF3418F5FA570B5BFA23" box="[471,605,1465,1488]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cynopotamus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341B5BFA570BF3FA22" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1910" box="[633,757,1465,1489]" family="Characidae" genus="Galeocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341B5BFA570BF3FA22" box="[633,757,1465,1489]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Galeocharax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341982FA360807FA03" authorityName=", Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[160,257,1496,1520]" family="Characidae" genus="Roeboides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341982FA360807FA03" box="[160,257,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Roeboides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been treated as closely related prior to the application of Hennigian phylogenetic systematics (Howes 1976, Géry 1977). Phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters led to a delimitation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF3418CCF9D80B64F9BD" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[494,610,1590,1614]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Characinae">Characinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
that included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341953F9BB09FAF99E" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1907" box="[113,252,1621,1645]" family="Characidae" genus="Phenacogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341953F9BB09FAF99E" box="[113,252,1621,1645]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Phenacogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF34182CF9BB0B9BF99E" authority="Weitzman and Vari, 1987" authorityName="Weitzman and Vari" authorityYear="1987" box="[270,669,1621,1645]" family="Characidae" genus="Priocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF34182CF9BB087CF99E" box="[270,378,1621,1645]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Priocharax</emphasis>
|
||
Weitzman and Vari, 1987
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and six genera of heterocharacins (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CECCB46E74EF3418B5F99B08E4F97F" box="[407,482,1653,1676]" country="Philippines" name="Lucena" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Lucena</collectingRegion>
|
||
1998) currently classified in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF3419AEF97A0B2CF95F" authority="(Oliveira et al. 2011)" baseAuthorityName="Oliveira" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[140,554,1684,1708]" family="Acestrorhynchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
|
||
Acestrorhynchidae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B7FA76E74EF34187FF97A0B18F95F" author="Oliveira C & Avelino GS & Abe KT" box="[349,542,1684,1708]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref33245" refString="Oliveira C, Avelino GS, Abe KT et al. Phylogenetic relationships within the speciose family Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) based on multilocus analysis and extensive ingroup sampling. BMC Eoolutionary Biology 2011; 11: 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Oliveira
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341897F97B08E3F95F" box="[437,485,1684,1708]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Subsequent studies identified a number of morphological synapomorphies, removed the heterocharacins, and added
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341B38F93D0BDDF918" authorityName="C.H.Eigenmann" authorityYear="1915" box="[538,731,1747,1771]" family="Characidae" genus="Microschemobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341B38F93D0BDDF918" box="[538,731,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Microschemobrycon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF3419B5F91C080DF8F9" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[151,267,1778,1802]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Characinae">Characinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Mirande 2009, 2010, 2019, Mattox and Toledo-Piza 2012).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB502566E74EF3419AFF8DE0CA5FDCC" blockId="15.[113,763,1402,1959]" lastBlockId="15.[810,1459,144,575]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Phylogenomic analysis of UCE loci results in the resolution of four major lineages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341878F8BE08C8F89B" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[346,462,1872,1896]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Characinae">Characinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
delimited as tribes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B7FA76E74EF341B87F8BE09C0F874" author="Souza CS & Melo BF & Mauox GMT" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref34920" refString="Souza CS, Melo BF, Mauox GMT et al. Phylogenomic analysis of the Neotropical fish subfamily Characinae using ultraconserved elements (Teleostei: Characidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Eoolution 2022; 171: 107462. hups: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2022.107462" type="journal volume" year="2022">
|
||
Souza
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341BCBF8BF0985F874" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): Phenacogasterini (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341881F8810B28F874" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1907" box="[419,558,1903,1927]" family="Characidae" genus="Phenacogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341881F8810B28F874" box="[419,558,1903,1927]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Phenacogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Acanthocharacini (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF34195FF8600817F855" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1912" box="[125,273,1934,1958]" family="Characidae" genus="Acanthocharax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF34195FF8600817F855" box="[125,273,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Acanthocharax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Cynopotamini (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF3418E9F8600B62F855" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1910" box="[459,612,1934,1958]" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF3418E9F8600B62F855" box="[459,612,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Acestrocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341B4CF8610A59FF34" authority=", UCE" authorityName="UCE" family="Characidae" genus="Cynopotamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341B4CF8610BF2F855" box="[622,756,1935,1958]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cynopotamus</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341A7AFF7E0AD2FF5B" box="[856,980,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Galeocharax</emphasis>
|
||
), and Characini (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341DB3FF7E0DDDFF5B" box="[1169,1243,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Charax</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341C30FF7E0C75FF5B" box="[1298,1395,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Roeboides</emphasis>
|
||
). The UCE
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inferred phylogeny presented here is congruent with trees presented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B7FA76E74EF341A90FF210D75FF14" author="Souza CS & Melo BF & Mauox GMT" box="[946,1139,206,231]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref34920" refString="Souza CS, Melo BF, Mauox GMT et al. Phylogenomic analysis of the Neotropical fish subfamily Characinae using ultraconserved elements (Teleostei: Characidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Eoolution 2022; 171: 107462. hups: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2022.107462" type="journal volume" year="2022">
|
||
Souza
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341AD7FF210D1BFF15" box="[1013,1053,206,230]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2022)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341DDCFF210C74FF15" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1927" box="[1278,1394,207,230]" family="Characidae" genus="Atopomesus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341DDCFF210C74FF15" box="[1278,1394,207,230]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Atopomesus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the sister-lineage of all other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341DA9FF000DF9FEF5" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[1163,1279,238,262]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Characinae">Characinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13311ED36E74EF341C2FFF000C43FEF5" box="[1293,1349,238,262]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1839,1863]" captionTargetBox="[243,1360,148,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-6@12.[240,1363,145,1809]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Phylogeny of Characidae and subfamilies Aphyocharacinae, Cheirodontinae, Exodontinae, Tetragonopterinae, and Characinae based on 1348 nuclear loci of ultraconserved elements (538 472 bp). Numbers near nodes represent bootstrap support." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Previous morphological phylogenetic studies resolved
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341DDEFEE30C76FED7" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1927" box="[1276,1392,269,292]" family="Characidae" genus="Atopomesus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341DDEFEE30C76FED7" box="[1276,1392,269,292]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Atopomesus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Spintherobolinae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B7FA76E74EF341AD0FEC20D8DFEB6" author="Mirande JM" box="[1010,1163,300,325]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="282 - 300" refId="ref32677" refString="Mirande JM. Morphology, molecules and the phylogeny of Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes). Cladistics 2019; 35: 282 - 300. hups: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12345" type="journal article" year="2019">Mirande 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). To investigate this novel phylogenetic hypothesis, specimens from the sequenced lot of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341A08FE850A98FE71" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1927" box="[810,926,363,386]" family="Characidae" genus="Atopomesus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341A08FE850A98FE71" box="[810,926,363,386]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Atopomesus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(LBP 23871) were prepared for muscle and skeleton observation, revealing that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341DB4FE650C0CFE51" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1927" box="[1174,1290,395,418]" family="Characidae" genus="Atopomesus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341DB4FE650C0CFE51" box="[1174,1290,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Atopomesus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses four
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341A08FE440A98FE31" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[810,926,426,450]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Characinae">Characinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
synapomorphies, i.e. characters 3, 7, 8, and 10 of Mattox and Toledo-Piza (2012).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341DB0FE270C55FE12" authorityName="C.H.Eigenmann" authorityYear="1915" box="[1170,1363,457,481]" family="Characidae" genus="Microschemobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341DB0FE270C55FE12" box="[1170,1363,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Microschemobrycon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not sampled in the UCE inferred phylogeny but is treated here as
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EDE446E74EF341A08FDE60AAFFDD3" box="[810,937,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A79D56E74EF341AE5FDE60D3DFDD3" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[967,1083,520,544]" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Characinae">Characinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
following the results from combined multilocus and morphological phylogenetics (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B7FA76E74EF341C23FDC90C94FDCC" author="Mirande JM" box="[1281,1426,551,575]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="282 - 300" refId="ref32677" refString="Mirande JM. Morphology, molecules and the phylogeny of Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes). Cladistics 2019; 35: 282 - 300. hups: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12345" type="journal article" year="2019">Mirande 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |