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<document id="F109B6AB5B59B56408D59F3023FC297B" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.245.4.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13677377" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725409996747" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Tâmega, Frederico T. S., Spotorno-Oliveira, Paula, Coutinho, Ricardo &amp; Bassi, Davide" docDate="2016" docId="0386C078FFC7FFC1C8B91ACF1ACAA66A" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.245.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 245 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.245.4.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Spongites fruticulosus Kutzing 1841" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="242" masterDocId="FFBFB800FFC3FFC4C8311A291E5EA577" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic assessment of fossil Holocene coralline red algae (Rhodophyta, Corallinales, Hapalidiales) from southwestern Atlantic" masterLastPageNumber="250" masterPageNumber="237" pageNumber="241" updateTime="1725429468185" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="9575FE42E60986C880B6CA468B00250A">Taxonomic assessment of fossil Holocene coralline red algae (Rhodophyta, Corallinales, Hapalidiales) from southwestern Atlantic</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B5EFDFC7B06904C7DF88A1AAC05592C3" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C7FCEF8A7855E41F1CB90A5746499633">Tâmega, Frederico T. S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="97927C995D1459BB05C2C09E92D09D3D">Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira, Departamento de Oceanografia, Rua Kioto 253, 28930 - 000, Arraial do Cabo, RJ, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C7C2FAF9CEBB0D7A97D2058F4817A5E5">Spotorno-Oliveira, Paula</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1BDCEC58A17F5B417CEC9AF57F94B39B">Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira, Departamento de Oceanografia, Rua Kioto 253, 28930 - 000, Arraial do Cabo, RJ, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="60BAA7645E7F981B2E93A284E709861F">Coutinho, Ricardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="822764093BAA7E4B24FE9254FD63BF14">Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira, Departamento de Oceanografia, Rua Kioto 253, 28930 - 000, Arraial do Cabo, RJ, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="8AE1B124F509FD7AFB24416F6D5B4953">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8653316474077477E27E8609B787CA9F">Bassi, Davide</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="76EE1055EBC442D12DA2B185C02647DE">Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira, Departamento de Oceanografia, Rua Kioto 253, 28930 - 000, Arraial do Cabo, RJ, Brazil. &amp; Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, via Saragat 1, I- 44122 Ferrara, Italy. &amp; Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira, Departamento de Oceanografia, Rua Kioto 253, 28930 - 000, Arraial do Cabo, RJ, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="81EF25FD006CB3F7572CB8AD2F13B46F">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9D68A973A8F4B88227E4FF221432EA35">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="7C5EB6588603DB0D199500148D89F0CF" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="09F269FA7C51E0ED2182A92E063A5713">2016-02-04</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="D0AD67A3A29CDF622030B9A516C63D22" type="volume">
<mods:number id="A29988E09CA370B1BF6067502E3BAD54">245</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1247DBE84F38C6A8C111220DABA5F359">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="D4B62870FE170F464AA45099980B5E17">237</mods:start>
<mods:end id="3425975B65A30C4E18C75799BE369260">250</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="AE499FEB7C3F5202226CB7CBA53BF769" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.245.4.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="881FB802FF8982F6CD702C8D14CA3103" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BB7CD834C423F08E402AFBB438C511FC" type="Zenodo-Dep">13677377</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0386C078FFC7FFC1C8B91ACF1ACAA66A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13677397" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13677397" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0386C078FFC7FFC1C8B91ACF1ACAA66A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0386C078FFC7FFC1C8B91ACF1ACAA66A" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="242" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
<subSubSection id="C33522E5FFC7FFC0C8B91ACF1D4FA430" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B90716EFFC7FFC0C8B91ACF1CB7A476" blockId="4.[136,745,230,257]" box="[136,745,230,257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
<heading id="D0D8C602FFC7FFC0C8B91ACF1CB7A476" box="[136,745,230,257]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" reason="3">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3F5640FFC7FFC0C8B91ACF1CB7A476" box="[136,745,230,257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8E577FFFC7FFC0C8B91ACF1C39A476" author="Kutzing, F. T." box="[136,615,230,257]" page=")" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" year="1841">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F0AEDFFC7FFC0C8B91ACF1C39A476" authority="Kutzing (1841: 33)" authorityName="Kutzing" authorityPageNumber="33" authorityYear="1841" box="[136,615,230,257]" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Spongites" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="fruticulosus">
<emphasis id="B95BAD7CFFC7FFC0C8B91ACF1FD7A476" bold="true" box="[136,393,230,257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Spongites fruticulosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE0C9FFFC7FFC0C9A01AC11C39A476" author="Kutzing, F. T." box="[401,615,232,257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" pagination="3 - 34" refId="ref8803" refString="Kutzing, F. T. (1841) Uber die &quot; Polypieres calciferes &quot; des Lamouroux. In: Zu der offentlichen Prufung sammtlicher Classen der Realschule zu Nordhausen 1841. Nordhausen, Realschule, pp. 3 - 34." type="book chapter" year="1841">Kützing (1841: 33)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(Figs. 7–9)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90716EFFC7FFC0C8B91B1B1D4FA430" blockId="4.[136,785,306,435]" box="[136,785,306,327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
<materialsCitation id="3B477B33FFC7FFC0C8B91B1B1D4FA430" box="[136,785,306,327]" collectionCode="L" country="Netherlands" location="Rijksherbarium" municipality="Leiden" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<emphasis id="B95BAD7CFFC7FFC0C8B91B1B1EABA430" bold="true" box="[136,245,306,327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
<typeStatus id="5494CFCCFFC7FFC0C8B91B1B1EAFA430" box="[136,241,306,327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
—
<collectionCode id="ED3EE9ABFFC7FFC0C93C1B1B1F45A430" box="[269,283,306,327]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
(
<location id="8EF027B5FFC7FFC0C9161B1B1F9FA430" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0386C078FFC7FFC1C8B91ACF1ACAA66A:8EF027B5FFC7FFC0C9161B1B1F9FA430" box="[295,449,306,327]" country="Netherlands" municipality="Leiden" name="Rijksherbarium" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Rijksherbarium</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF4EB14FFC7FFC0C9FB1B1B1C51A430" box="[458,527,306,327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Leiden</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33831FEFFC7FFC0CA281B1B1CD3A430" box="[537,653,306,327]" name="Netherlands" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
<collectionCode id="ED3EE9ABFFC7FFC0CAA21B1B1CFCA430" box="[659,674,306,327]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
943.8.134).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33522E5FFC7FFC1C8B91B7F1B2DA5AA" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="242" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B90716EFFC7FFC0C8B91B7F1CC4A41C" blockId="4.[136,785,306,435]" box="[136,666,342,363]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="B95BAD7CFFC7FFC0C8B91B7F1F4DA41C" bold="true" box="[136,275,342,363]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Type locality:</emphasis>
—Mediterranean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE0C9FFFC7FFC0C9DD1B7F1CD1A41C" author="Silva, P. C. &amp; Basson, P. W. &amp; Moe, R. L." box="[492,655,342,363]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" refId="ref9918" refString="Silva, P. C., Basson, P. W. &amp; Moe, R. L. (1996) Catalogue of the benthic marine algae of the Indian Ocean. University of California Publications in Botany, California, 1259 pp." type="book" year="1996">
Silva
<emphasis id="B95BAD7CFFC7FFC0CA141B7F1C11A41C" box="[549,591,342,363]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">et al</emphasis>
. 1996
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90716EFFC7FFC0C8B91B531CBAA4F8" blockId="4.[136,785,306,435]" box="[136,740,378,399]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="B95BAD7CFFC7FFC0C8B91B531EA7A4F8" bold="true" box="[136,249,378,399]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Synonyms:</emphasis>
—Complete reference in
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE0C9FFFC7FFC0C9DC1B531CBEA4F8" author="Basso, D. &amp; Rodondi, G." box="[493,736,378,399]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" pagination="403 - 416" refId="ref6227" refString="Basso, D. &amp; Rodondi, G. (2006) A Mediterranean population of Spongites fruticulosus (Rhodophyta, Corallinales), the type species of Spongites, and the taxonomic status of S. stalactitica and S. racemosa. Phycologia 45: 403 - 416. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2216 / 04 - 93.1" type="journal article" year="2006">Basso &amp; Rodondi (2006)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90716EFFC7FFC0C8B91BB71C9EA4C4" blockId="4.[136,785,306,435]" box="[136,704,414,435]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="B95BAD7CFFC7FFC0C8B91BB71EE6A4C4" bold="true" box="[136,184,414,435]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Age:</emphasis>
—Prainhas do Pontal
<geoCoordinate id="EE1B17A9FFC7FFC0C9B51BB71F8DA4C4" box="[388,467,414,435]" degrees="3,370" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" precision="55" value="-3.37">—3,370</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1B17A9FFC7FFC0C9E21BB71C4AA4C4" box="[467,532,414,435]" degrees="3,185" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" precision="55" value="-3.185">–3,185</geoCoordinate>
Cal yrs
<collectionCode id="ED3EE9ABFFC7FFC0CA541BB71C28A4C4" box="[613,630,414,435]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED3EE9ABFFC7FFC0CA481BB71CD6A4C4" box="[633,648,414,435]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
. (2σ).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5021E6FFC7FFC0C8B91CC41D02A251" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13677387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13677387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13677387/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" startId="4.[136,229,1773,1794]" targetBox="[155,1434,465,1745]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B90716EFFC7FFC0C8B91CC41D02A251" blockId="4.[136,1452,1773,2082]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="B95BAD7CFFC7FFC0C8B91CC41EA3A275" bold="true" box="[136,253,1773,1794]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Two specimens of unidentified geniculate coralline algae showing the calcified intergenicula formed by a medulla of regular parallel rows. Sample IEAPM 00333, Arraial do Cabo; scale bar = 200 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B90716EFFC7FFC0C8B91D1C1D21A23D" blockId="4.[136,1452,1773,2082]" box="[136,895,1845,1866]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="B95BAD7CFFC7FFC0C8B91D1C1F4BA23D" bold="true" box="[136,277,1845,1866]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FIGURE 7–9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F0AEDFFC7FFC0C92A1D1C1FAEA23D" authorityName="Kutzing" authorityYear="1841" box="[283,496,1845,1866]" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Spongites" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="fruticulosus">
<emphasis id="B95BAD7CFFC7FFC0C92A1D1C1FAEA23D" box="[283,496,1845,1866]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Spongites fruticulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sample
<collectionCode id="ED3EE9ABFFC7FFC0CA771D1C1CCFA23D" box="[582,657,1845,1866]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/26i5-2npq" name="Instituto de Estudos do Mar &amp;quot;Almirante Paulo Moreira&amp;quot;" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">IEAPM</collectionCode>
00334, Arraial do
<collectingRegion id="49EBBF8CFFC7FFC0CB741D1C1D25A23D" box="[837,891,1845,1866]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Cabo</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90716EFFC7FFC0C8B91D701AFBA219" blockId="4.[136,1452,1773,2082]" box="[136,1189,1881,1902]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">7) Monomerous internal construction with a multistratose ventral cell filaments (v, arrow); scale bar = 50 μm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90716EFFC7FFC0C8B91D541C5EA2C1" blockId="4.[136,1452,1773,2082]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">8–9) Tangential and oblique longitudinal sections of uniporate conceptacles, with a cylindrical conical pore canal (pc, arrows). (8—scale bar = 200 μm, 9—scale bar = 100 μm).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90716EFFC7FFC0C8B91DEC1D3AA2AD" blockId="4.[136,1452,1773,2082]" box="[136,868,1989,2010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="B95BAD7CFFC7FFC0C8B91DEC1F72A2AD" bold="true" box="[136,300,1989,2010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">FIGURE 10–11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F0AEDFFC7FFC0C9031DEC1F8BA2AD" authorityName="Y. M. Chamberlain" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Foslie" box="[306,469,1989,2010]" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Spongites" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="yendoi">
<emphasis id="B95BAD7CFFC7FFC0C9031DEC1F8BA2AD" box="[306,469,1989,2010]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Spongites yendoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sample
<collectionCode id="ED3EE9ABFFC7FFC0CA1A1DEC1C28A2AD" box="[555,630,1989,2010]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/26i5-2npq" name="Instituto de Estudos do Mar &amp;quot;Almirante Paulo Moreira&amp;quot;" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">IEAPM</collectionCode>
00335, Arraial do
<collectingRegion id="49EBBF8CFFC7FFC0CB1A1DEC1D3FA2AD" box="[811,865,1989,2010]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Cabo</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90716EFFC7FFC0C8B91DC01B57A289" blockId="4.[136,1452,1773,2082]" box="[136,1289,2025,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">10) Encrusting thalli with several tangential oblique longitudinal section of conceptacles (c, arrow); scale bar = 500 μm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90716EFFC7FFC0C8B912241A89AD55" blockId="4.[136,1452,1773,2082]" box="[136,1239,2061,2082]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">11) Nearly longitudinal sections of uniporate conceptacles showing the pore canal (pc, arrow); scale bar = 200 μm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90716EFFC6FFC1C8B91A891B2DA5AA" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
<emphasis id="B95BAD7CFFC6FFC1C8B91A891F2FA5CE" bold="true" box="[136,369,160,185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Material examined:</emphasis>
—
<collectingCountry id="F33831FEFFC6FFC1C9BF1A891FA8A5CE" box="[398,502,160,185]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49EBBF8CFFC6FFC1C9CF1A891C84A5CE" box="[510,730,160,185]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Rio de Janeiro State</collectingRegion>
,Arraial do Cabo, Prainhas do Pontal (
<geoCoordinate id="EE1B17A9FFC6FFC1CC461A891B49A5CE" box="[1143,1303,160,185]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" precision="1" seconds="18.8" value="-22.988556">22°59’18.8” S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1B17A9FFC6FFC1CD101A891EFDA5AA" degrees="42" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" precision="1" seconds="47.1" value="-42.013084">42°00’47.1” W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CD7DC8BFFC6FFC1C89F1AED1EA2A5AA" box="[174,252,196,221]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.14" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" unit="m" value="2.14">2.14 m</quantity>
above sea level,
<date id="FF9157AEFFC6FFC1C98D1AED1C2EA5AA" box="[444,624,196,221]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" value="2014-08-14">14 August 2014</date>
,
<emphasis id="B95BAD7CFFC6FFC1CA4A1AED1DA0A5AA" box="[635,1022,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
<collectionCode id="ED3EE9ABFFC6FFC1CA4A1AED1CD2A5AA" box="[635,652,196,221]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" type="Herbarium">F</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED3EE9ABFFC6FFC1CAA61AED1CF6A5AA" box="[663,680,196,221]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">T</collectionCode>
. de
<collectionCode id="ED3EE9ABFFC6FFC1CAE21AED1CBAA5AA" box="[723,740,196,221]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
. Tâmega &amp;
<collectionCode id="ED3EE9ABFFC6FFC1CB5C1AED1D20A5AA" box="[877,894,196,221]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
. S-Oliveira
</emphasis>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3EE9ABFFC6FFC1CC3D1AED1A3DA5AA" box="[1036,1123,196,221]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/26i5-2npq" name="Instituto de Estudos do Mar &amp;quot;Almirante Paulo Moreira&amp;quot;" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">IEAPM</collectionCode>
00333,
<collectionCode id="ED3EE9ABFFC6FFC1CC8F1AED1B4BA5AA" box="[1214,1301,196,221]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/26i5-2npq" name="Instituto de Estudos do Mar &amp;quot;Almirante Paulo Moreira&amp;quot;" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">IEAPM</collectionCode>
00334).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33522E5FFC6FFC1C88C1AC11CC2A4C2" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B90716EFFC6FFC1C88C1AC11CC2A4C2" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
<emphasis id="B95BAD7CFFC6FFC1C88C1AC11F0FA476" bold="true" box="[189,337,232,257]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Description:</emphasis>
—Thalli non-geniculate, fruticose; internal organization monomerous with a multistratose ventral core of cell filaments composed of rectangular cells (Fig. 7), 10–20 μm in length and 5–10 μm in diameter; dorsal cell filaments with rectangular cells 6–10 μm in length and 6–10 μm in diameter. Cells of adjacent cell filaments joined by cell fusions; secondary pit connections not observed. Empty uniporate conceptacles and flush with, to raised above the surrounding thallus surface (Figs. 8–9); conceptacle chambers 320–350 μm in diameter and 175–210 μm in height (Figs. 8–9). No epithallial cells were identified.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33522E5FFC6FFC1C88C1BE91ACAA66A" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B90716EFFC6FFC1C88C1BE91F03A78E" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
<emphasis id="B95BAD7CFFC6FFC1C88C1BE91F6AA4AE" bold="true" box="[189,308,448,473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Remarks:</emphasis>
—The absence of genicula, the co-occurrence of cell fusions and uniporate conceptacles in the studied specimens indicate that the thalli belong to the
<taxonomicName id="4C2F0AEDFFC6FFC1CAA91BCD1D6BA48A" authorityName="J. V. Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" box="[664,821,484,509]" family="Corallinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="family">Corallinaceae</taxonomicName>
, subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C2F0AEDFFC6FFC1CB861BCD1A27A48A" authorityName="W. A. Setchell" authorityYear="1943" box="[951,1145,484,509]" family="Corallinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mastophoroideae">Mastophoroideae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE0C9FFFC6FFC1CCB81BCD1B51A48A" author="Braga, J. C." box="[1161,1295,484,509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" pagination="47 - 56" refId="ref6438" refString="Braga, J. C. (2003) Application of botanical taxonomy to fossil coralline algae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta). Acta Micropaleontologica Sinica 20: 47 - 56." type="journal article" year="2003">Braga 2003</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE0C9FFFC6FFC1CD2B1BCD1E9DA756" author="Harvey, A. S. &amp; Woelkerling, W. J. &amp; Millar, A. J. K." pageId="5" pageNumber="242" pagination="647 - 698" refId="ref8058" refString="Harvey, A. S., Woelkerling, W. J. &amp; Millar, A. J. K. (2003) An account of the Hapalidiaceae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) in south-eastern Australia. Australian Systematic Botany 16: 647 - 698. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / SB 03008" type="journal article" year="2003">
Harvey
<emphasis id="B95BAD7CFFC6FFC1CD421BCD1BFBA48A" box="[1395,1445,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">et al</emphasis>
. 2003
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE0C9FFFC6FFC1C8FD18211FD4A756" author="Braga, J. C. &amp; Bassi, D. &amp; Zakrevskaya, E. &amp; Petrovna Radionova, E." box="[204,394,520,545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" pagination="207 - 224" refId="ref6576" refString="Braga, J. C., Bassi, D., Zakrevskaya, E. &amp; Petrovna Radionova, E. (2005) Re-assessment of the type collections of Maslov's species of Corallinales (Rhodophyta). I. Species originally attributed to Lithophyllum and Melobesia. Revista Espanola de Paleontologia 20: 207 - 224." type="journal article" year="2005">
Braga
<emphasis id="B95BAD7CFFC6FFC1C92218211F1CA756" box="[275,322,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
). Because the uniporate conceptacles have no contents, it is not possible to determine whether the plants are tetrasporangial or gametangial. The vegetative and reproductive characters preserved in the studied material correspond to those considered diagnostic for
<taxonomicName id="4C2F0AEDFFC6FFC1CAA918791D36A71E" authority="Kutzing" authorityName="Kutzing" authorityYear="1841" box="[664,872,592,617]" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Spongites" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BAD7CFFC6FFC1CAA918791D5BA71E" box="[664,773,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Spongites</emphasis>
Kützing
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE0C9FFFC6FFC1CB4818791A9AA71E" author="Harvey, A. S. &amp; Woelkerling, W. J." box="[889,1220,592,617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" pagination="411 - 426" refId="ref8019" refString="Harvey, A. S. &amp; Woelkerling, W. J. (2007) A guide to nongeniculate coralline red algal (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) rhodolith identification. Ciencias Marinas 33: 411 - 426." type="journal article" year="2007">Harvey &amp; Woelkerling 2007</bibRefCitation>
). Studied specimens ascribed to
<taxonomicName id="4C2F0AEDFFC6FFC1C93B185D1FF4A7FA" authorityName="Kutzing" authorityYear="1841" box="[266,426,628,653]" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Spongites" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="fruticulosus">
<emphasis id="B95BAD7CFFC6FFC1C93B185D1FF4A7FA" box="[266,426,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">S. fruticulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
show similarities in their conceptacle characteristics with those previously reported for the species in the Mediterranean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE0C9FFFC6FFC1CA3D18B11D44A7C6" author="Basso, D. &amp; Rodondi, G." box="[524,794,664,689]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" pagination="403 - 416" refId="ref6227" refString="Basso, D. &amp; Rodondi, G. (2006) A Mediterranean population of Spongites fruticulosus (Rhodophyta, Corallinales), the type species of Spongites, and the taxonomic status of S. stalactitica and S. racemosa. Phycologia 45: 403 - 416. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2216 / 04 - 93.1" type="journal article" year="2006">Basso &amp; Rodondi 2006</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F33831FEFFC6FFC1CB1C18B11DCAA7C6" box="[813,916,664,689]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE0C9FFFC6FFC1CB9218B11A61A7C6" author="Penrose, D." box="[931,1087,664,689]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" pagination="438 - 448" refId="ref9561" refString="Penrose, D. (1991) Spongites fructiculosa (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta) the type species of Spongites in southern Australia. Phycologia 30: 438 - 448. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2216 / i 0031 - 8884 - 30 - 5 - 438.1" type="journal article" year="1991">Penrose 1991</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE0C9FFFC6FFC1CC7D18B11B46A7C6" author="Woelkerling, W. J." box="[1100,1304,664,689]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" pagination="214 - 237" refId="ref10676" refString="Woelkerling, W. J. (1996) Subfamily Lithophyloideae. In: Womersley, H. B. S. (Ed.) The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia - Part IIIB. Gracilariales, Rhodimeniales, Corallinales and Bonnemaisoniales. Australian Biological Resources Study and The State Herbarium of South Australia, Canberra and Adelaide, pp. 214 - 237." type="book chapter" year="1996">Woelkerling 1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE0C9FFFC6FFC1CD1518B11F69A7A2" author="Ringeltaube, P. &amp; Harvey, A." pageId="5" pageNumber="242" pagination="431 - 454" refId="ref9765" refString="Ringeltaube, P. &amp; Harvey, A. (2000) Non - geniculate coralline algae (Corallinales Rhodophyta) on Heron Reef Great Barrier Reef (Australia). Botanica Marina 43: 431 - 454. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1515 / BOT. 2000.045" type="journal article" year="2000">Ringeltaube &amp; Harvey 2000</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry id="F33831FEFFC6FFC1C94518951FE6A7A2" box="[372,440,700,725]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE0C9FFFC6FFC1C9F718951CEFA7A2" author="Tamega, F. T. S. &amp; Riosmena-Rodriguez, R. &amp; Mariath, R. &amp; Figueiredo, M. A. O." box="[454,689,700,725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" pagination="277 - 298" refId="ref10186" refString="Tamega, F. T. S., Riosmena-Rodriguez, R., Mariath, R. &amp; Figueiredo, M. A. O. (2014 b) Nongeniculate coralline red algae (Rhodophyta: Corallinales) in coral reefs from Northeastern Brazil and a description of Neogoniolithon atlanticum sp. nov. Phytotaxa 190 (1): 277 - 298. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 190.1.17" type="journal article" year="2014">
Tâmega
<emphasis id="B95BAD7CFFC6FFC1CA1818951C04A7A2" box="[553,602,700,725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">et al</emphasis>
. 2014b
</bibRefCitation>
), with only minor differences in the conceptacle chamber height and diameter (
<tableCitation id="C6AD44D5FFC6FFC1C8C918C91F11A78E" box="[248,335,736,761]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,216,846,867]" captionText="TABLE 3. Comparison of selected diagnostic tetrasporangial conceptacle characteristics of Spongites fruticulosus in this study with other published works. This study1, Penrose (1991)2, Woelkerling (1996)3, Ringeltaube &amp; Harvey (2000)4, Basso &amp; Rodondi (2006)5, Tâmega et al. (2014b)6." pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Table 3</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90716EFFC6FFC1C88C192D1ACAA66A" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,797]" box="[189,1172,772,797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
<emphasis id="B95BAD7CFFC6FFC1C88C192D1FA3A66A" bold="true" box="[189,509,772,797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Geographical distribution:</emphasis>
—See
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE0C9FFFC6FFC1CA78192D1D1FA66A" author="Guiry, M. D. &amp; Guiry, G. M." box="[585,833,772,797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" refId="ref7973" refString="Guiry, M. D. &amp; Guiry, G. M. (2015) AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Available from: http: // www. algaebase. org (accessed 16 November 2015)" type="url" year="2015">Guiry &amp; Guiry (2015)</bibRefCitation>
for a detailed distribution list.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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