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<document id="9162884BD708B7ADCE518ED0B6DAC9BB" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5352700" ID-ISSN="2345-7600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5352700" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630208580763" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Polhemus, Dan A. &amp; Polhemus, John T." docDate="2013" docId="03FE7253F516FFF5FF5CFAF9FA4BFD31" docLanguage="en" docName="61rbz665-686.pdf" docOrigin="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C6443723295B2E4C6F22B9B23F08089C.5:RafflesBZool.2006-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="C6443723295B2E4C6F22B9B23F08089C" docStyleName="RafflesBZool.2006-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Gestroiella siamensis , D. Polhemus, J. Polhemus &amp; Sites 2008" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="681" masterDocId="FFC70A2BF519FFE5FFFEFFA4FFFDFFE7" masterDocTitle="Guide To The Aquatic Heteroptera Of Singapore And Peninsular Malaysia. Xi. Infraorder Nepomorpha- Families Naucoridae And Aphelocheiridae" masterLastPageNumber="686" masterPageNumber="665" pageNumber="680" updateTime="1699186152900" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="A4DC27D872F3E3063DB134FFE2174B9F">Guide To The Aquatic Heteroptera Of Singapore And Peninsular Malaysia. Xi. Infraorder Nepomorpha- Families Naucoridae And Aphelocheiridae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1890364F8E3D45658A4C42769B56C7E0">Polhemus, Dan A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3489A6818BFE06033D59D611B310CEDB">Raffles Bulletin of Zoology</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03FE7253F516FFF5FF5CFAF9FA4BFD31" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE7253F516FFF5FF5CFAF9FA4BFD31" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE7253F516FFF5FF5CFAF9FA4BFD31" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="681" pageId="15" pageNumber="680">
<subSubSection id="C34D90CEF516FFEAFF5CFAF9FE01FA71" pageId="15" pageNumber="680" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE8C345F516FFEAFF5CFAF9FE01FA71" blockId="15.[162,703,1373,1462]" pageId="15" pageNumber="680">
<heading id="D0A07429F516FFEAFF5CFAF9FE01FA71" bold="true" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="680" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C57B8C6F516FFEAFF5CFAF9FE01FA71" ID-CoL="3FY5F" authority="D. Polhemus, J. Polhemus &amp; Sites, 2008" authorityName=", D. Polhemus, J. Polhemus &amp; Sites" authorityYear="2008" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Gestroiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siamensis">
<emphasis id="B9231F57F516FFEAFF5CFAF9FE01FA71" bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="680">
<emphasis id="B9231F57F516FFEAFF5CFAF9FE70FA91" bold="true" box="[162,397,1373,1398]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="680">Gestroiella siamensis</emphasis>
D. Polhemus, J. Polhemus &amp; Sites, 2008
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="C34D90CEF516FFEAFE8FFA3AFE0DFA51" box="[369,496,1438,1462]" pageId="15" pageNumber="680" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE8C345F516FFEAFE8FFA3AFE0DFA51" blockId="15.[162,703,1373,1462]" box="[369,496,1438,1462]" pageId="15" pageNumber="680">
<figureCitation id="136CDFC0F516FFEAFE8FFA3AFE0DFA51" box="[369,496,1438,1462]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Figs" captionStartId-0="15.[812,847,2033,2055]" captionStartId-1="16.[138,182,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox-0="[823,1442,1288,2000]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1460,1145,1971]" captionTargetId-0="figure-243@15.[800,1459,1268,2019]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionText-0="Fig. 36. Gestroiella siamensis D. Polhemus, J. Polhemus &amp; Sites, male, dorsal habitus, specimen from Thailand, Songkla Prov., Ton Nga Chang (Young Sohn illustration)." captionText-1="Figs. 37–39. Gestroiella siamensis D. Polhemus, J. Polhemus &amp; Sites, structural details, specimen from Thailand, Thailand, Songkla Prov., Ton Nga Chang. 37. Female terminal abdomen, ventral view, showing shape of subgenital plate. 38. Male left paramere. 39. Medial process of male phallotheca." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352728" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352730" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5352728/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5352730/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="680">Figs. 36–39</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C34D90CEF516FFEAFF8FFA7BFEF9F9F1" pageId="15" pageNumber="680" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE8C345F516FFEAFF8FFA7BFEF9F9F1" blockId="15.[113,751,1502,1558]" pageId="15" pageNumber="680">
<taxonomicName id="4C57B8C6F516FFEAFF8FFA7BFEF9F9F1" ID-CoL="3FY5F" authority=", D. Polhemus, J. Polhemus &amp; Sites, 2008: 275" authorityName=", D. Polhemus, J. Polhemus &amp; Sites" authorityPageNumber="275" authorityYear="2008" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Gestroiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siamensis">
<emphasis id="B9231F57F516FFEAFF8FFA7BFEA7FA11" box="[113,346,1503,1526]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="680">Gestroiella siamensis</emphasis>
, D. Polhemus, J. Polhemus &amp; Sites, 2008: 275
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D90CEF516FFF5FF8FF99AFA4BFD31" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="681" pageId="15" pageNumber="680" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE8C345F516FFEAFF8FF99AFDDAF811" blockId="15.[113,752,1598,2038]" pageId="15" pageNumber="680">
<emphasis id="B9231F57F516FFEAFF8FF99AFF1BF9B1" bold="true" box="[113,230,1598,1622]" pageId="15" pageNumber="680">
<emphasis id="B9231F57F516FFEAFF8FF99AFF22F9B1" bold="true" box="[113,223,1598,1622]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="680">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
— This the smallest species in the genus, with a body length of
<quantity id="4CAF6EA0F516FFEAFECCF9FAFE2EF991" box="[306,467,1630,1654]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.36" metricValueMax="1.44" metricValueMin="1.28" pageId="15" pageNumber="680" unit="mm" value="13.6" valueMax="14.4" valueMin="12.8">12.8–14.4 mm</quantity>
. The dorsomedial process of the male genital capsule is broadly triangular (
<figureCitation id="136CDFC0F516FFEAFD6FF9DAFD1FF971" box="[657,738,1662,1686]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="16.[138,182,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox="[159,1460,1145,1971]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs. 37–39. Gestroiella siamensis D. Polhemus, J. Polhemus &amp; Sites, structural details, specimen from Thailand, Thailand, Songkla Prov., Ton Nga Chang. 37. Female terminal abdomen, ventral view, showing shape of subgenital plate. 38. Male left paramere. 39. Medial process of male phallotheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352730/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="680">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
), and the lateral spines of abdominal segments III and IV are relatively small. In males, the posterior margin of abdominal sternum VI is distinctly convex in the middle, and the opposable surfaces of the profemur and tibia are evenly arcuate, rather than having an anteriorly bowed profemur with a gap between it and the protibia as in other members of the genus. The male phallotheca is abruptly narrowed beyond the tips of the parameres, the parameres themselves are relatively slender (
<figureCitation id="136CDFC0F516FFEAFE96F83AFE47F851" box="[360,442,1950,1974]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="16.[138,182,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox="[159,1460,1145,1971]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs. 37–39. Gestroiella siamensis D. Polhemus, J. Polhemus &amp; Sites, structural details, specimen from Thailand, Thailand, Songkla Prov., Ton Nga Chang. 37. Female terminal abdomen, ventral view, showing shape of subgenital plate. 38. Male left paramere. 39. Medial process of male phallotheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352730/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="680">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
), and a mat of dark hairs is present on the phallobase. The female subgenital plate is weakly notched apicomedially (
<figureCitation id="136CDFC0F516FFEAFE34F87AFDE6F811" box="[458,539,2014,2038]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="16.[138,182,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox="[159,1460,1145,1971]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs. 37–39. Gestroiella siamensis D. Polhemus, J. Polhemus &amp; Sites, structural details, specimen from Thailand, Thailand, Songkla Prov., Ton Nga Chang. 37. Female terminal abdomen, ventral view, showing shape of subgenital plate. 38. Male left paramere. 39. Medial process of male phallotheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352730/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="680">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2893CDF516FFEAFCD2F855FB62F7A6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352728" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5352728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352728/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="680" startId="15.[812,847,2033,2055]" targetBox="[823,1442,1288,2000]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="8BE8C345F516FFEAFCD2F855FB62F7A6" blockId="15.[812,1452,2033,2113]" pageId="15" pageNumber="680">
Fig. 36.
<taxonomicName id="4C57B8C6F516FFEAFC80F856FA55F7E0" authority="D. Polhemus, J. Polhemus &amp; Sites" authorityName=", D. Polhemus, J. Polhemus &amp; Sites" authorityYear="2008" box="[894,1448,2033,2055]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" genus="Gestroiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siamensis">
<emphasis id="B9231F57F516FFEAFC80F856FBB3F7E1" box="[894,1102,2034,2054]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="680">Gestroiella siamensis</emphasis>
D. Polhemus, J. Polhemus &amp; Sites
</taxonomicName>
, male, dorsal habitus, specimen from Thailand, Songkla Prov., Ton Nga Chang (Young Sohn illustration).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE8C345F509FFF5FF76FF1BFD0CFDB1" blockId="16.[136,776,190,598]" pageId="16" pageNumber="681">
onto the metasternum, with segment III very elongated; the tarsi, which are 3-segmented, with the fore tarsi articulated and not fused to fore femur as in
<taxonomicName id="4C57B8C6F509FFF5FE0EFF5AFD93FEF1" baseAuthorityName="Stys &amp; Jansson" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[496,622,254,278]" class="Insecta" family="Naucoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Naucoridae</taxonomicName>
; the persistent dorsal abdominal scent glands in adults; and the abdominal spiracles, which are surrounded by rosettes, this latter character diagnostic for the family. The combination of a long rostrum, long antennae, and abdominal spiracular rosettes is distinctive unique within the
<taxonomicName id="4C57B8C6F509FFF5FE16FE3AFD8EFE51" box="[488,627,414,438]" class="Insecta" infraOrder="Nepomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="685" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="infraOrder">Nepomorpha</taxonomicName>
(see
<figureCitation id="136CDFC0F509FFF5FD4CFE3AFCFEFE51" box="[690,771,414,438]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[836,875,2006,2028]" captionText="Fig. 40. Aphelocheirus (Aphelocheirus) pallens Horváth, macropterous male, dorsal habitus, specimen from Papua New Guinea, Gulf Prov., Sapoi River nr. Lakekamu, CL 7146 (Young Sohn illustration)." pageId="16" pageNumber="681">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
, depicting the macropterous form of
<taxonomicName id="4C57B8C6F509FFF5FDF8FE1BFD30FE31" authority="Horvath" authorityName="Horvath" authorityYear="1899" box="[518,717,446,470]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelocheiridae" genus="Aphelocheirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
<emphasis id="B9231F57F509FFF5FDF8FE1BFD8DFE31" box="[518,624,447,470]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="681">A. pallens</emphasis>
Horváth
</taxonomicName>
from New
<collectingCountry id="F34083D5F509FFF5FF41FE7AFEF6FE11" box="[191,267,478,502]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="16" pageNumber="681">Guinea</collectingCountry>
as an exemplar of this family). Useful characters for separating individual species include the male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="136CDFC0F509FFF5FF6EFDBAFF17FDD1" box="[144,234,542,566]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="17.[113,157,1948,1970]" captionTargetBox="[109,757,1020,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-458@17.[97,769,1010,1932]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs.41–46.Aphelocheirus (Aphelocheirus) femoratus D. Polhemus &amp; J. Polhemus, structural details, specimens from Malaysia, Pahang, Cameron Highlands. 41. Brachypterous male, dorsal habitus. 42. Macropterous male, dorsal habitus. 43. Male parameres and phallotheca. 44. Female subgenital plate. 45. Male hind femur, ventral view. 46. Proacetabula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352732/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="681">Figs. 43</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136CDFC0F509FFF5FF08FDBAFEEEFDD1" box="[246,275,542,566]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="18.[137,181,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[136,776,862,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-371@18.[118,795,850,1903]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figs. 47–52.Aphelocheirus (Aphelocheirus) grik D. Polhemus &amp; J. Polhemus, structural details. 47. Brachypterous male, dorsal habitus, Malaysia, Perak, Grik. 48. Macropterous female, dorsal habitus, specimen from Thailand, Chiang Mai Prov.. Mae Ping River. 49. Male ventral abdomen, showing tab on abdominal ventrite IV. 50. Female subgenital plate. 51. Male parameres and phallotheca. 52. Proacetabula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352734/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="681">51</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136CDFC0F509FFF5FEE0FDBAFEC6FDD1" box="[286,315,542,566]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="18.[836,879,1948,1970]" captionTargetBox="[834,1477,1158,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-430@18.[811,1503,1147,1916]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figs.53–57.Aphelocheirus (Aphelocheirus) malayanus D.Polhemus &amp; J. Polhemus, structural details. 53. Brachypterous male, dorsal habitus, specimen from Malaysia, Perak, near Jeli. 54. Macropterous female, dorsal habitus, specimen from Malaysia, Pahang, Cameron Highlands. 55. Male parameres and phallotheca. 56. Proacetabula. 57. Female subgenital plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352736/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="681">55</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136CDFC0F509FFF5FEB9FDBAFE73FDD1" box="[327,398,542,566]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="19.[113,157,2035,2057]" captionTargetBox="[114,754,1544,2002]" captionTargetId="figure-758@19.[97,772,1516,2015]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figs. 58, 59. Aphelocheirus (Micraphelocheirus) malayensis Zettel &amp; Papáček, male parameres. 58. Left paramere. 59. Right paramere (after Zettel &amp; Papáček 2006)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352738/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="681">58, 59</figureCitation>
), female subgenital plate (
<figureCitation id="136CDFC0F509FFF5FD57FDBAFCFEFDD1" box="[681,771,542,566]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="17.[113,157,1948,1970]" captionTargetBox="[109,757,1020,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-458@17.[97,769,1010,1932]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs.41–46.Aphelocheirus (Aphelocheirus) femoratus D. Polhemus &amp; J. Polhemus, structural details, specimens from Malaysia, Pahang, Cameron Highlands. 41. Brachypterous male, dorsal habitus. 42. Macropterous male, dorsal habitus. 43. Male parameres and phallotheca. 44. Female subgenital plate. 45. Male hind femur, ventral view. 46. Proacetabula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352732/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="681">Figs. 44</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136CDFC0F509FFF5FF76FD9AFF58FDB1" box="[136,165,574,598]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="18.[137,181,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[136,776,862,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-371@18.[118,795,850,1903]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figs. 47–52.Aphelocheirus (Aphelocheirus) grik D. Polhemus &amp; J. Polhemus, structural details. 47. Brachypterous male, dorsal habitus, Malaysia, Perak, Grik. 48. Macropterous female, dorsal habitus, specimen from Thailand, Chiang Mai Prov.. Mae Ping River. 49. Male ventral abdomen, showing tab on abdominal ventrite IV. 50. Female subgenital plate. 51. Male parameres and phallotheca. 52. Proacetabula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352734/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="681">50</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136CDFC0F509FFF5FF4FFD9AFF33FDB1" box="[177,206,574,598]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="18.[836,879,1948,1970]" captionTargetBox="[834,1477,1158,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-430@18.[811,1503,1147,1916]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figs.53–57.Aphelocheirus (Aphelocheirus) malayanus D.Polhemus &amp; J. Polhemus, structural details. 53. Brachypterous male, dorsal habitus, specimen from Malaysia, Perak, near Jeli. 54. Macropterous female, dorsal habitus, specimen from Malaysia, Pahang, Cameron Highlands. 55. Male parameres and phallotheca. 56. Proacetabula. 57. Female subgenital plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352736/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="681">57</figureCitation>
), and shape of the proacetabula (
<figureCitation id="136CDFC0F509FFF5FDC8FD9AFD6DFDB1" box="[566,656,574,598]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="17.[113,157,1948,1970]" captionTargetBox="[109,757,1020,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-458@17.[97,769,1010,1932]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs.41–46.Aphelocheirus (Aphelocheirus) femoratus D. Polhemus &amp; J. Polhemus, structural details, specimens from Malaysia, Pahang, Cameron Highlands. 41. Brachypterous male, dorsal habitus. 42. Macropterous male, dorsal habitus. 43. Male parameres and phallotheca. 44. Female subgenital plate. 45. Male hind femur, ventral view. 46. Proacetabula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352732/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="681">Figs. 46</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136CDFC0F509FFF5FD63FD9AFD47FDB1" box="[669,698,574,598]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="18.[137,181,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[136,776,862,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-371@18.[118,795,850,1903]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figs. 47–52.Aphelocheirus (Aphelocheirus) grik D. Polhemus &amp; J. Polhemus, structural details. 47. Brachypterous male, dorsal habitus, Malaysia, Perak, Grik. 48. Macropterous female, dorsal habitus, specimen from Thailand, Chiang Mai Prov.. Mae Ping River. 49. Male ventral abdomen, showing tab on abdominal ventrite IV. 50. Female subgenital plate. 51. Male parameres and phallotheca. 52. Proacetabula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352734/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="681">52</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136CDFC0F509FFF5FD38FD9AFD19FDB1" box="[710,740,574,598]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="18.[836,879,1948,1970]" captionTargetBox="[834,1477,1158,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-430@18.[811,1503,1147,1916]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figs.53–57.Aphelocheirus (Aphelocheirus) malayanus D.Polhemus &amp; J. Polhemus, structural details. 53. Brachypterous male, dorsal habitus, specimen from Malaysia, Perak, near Jeli. 54. Macropterous female, dorsal habitus, specimen from Malaysia, Pahang, Cameron Highlands. 55. Male parameres and phallotheca. 56. Proacetabula. 57. Female subgenital plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352736/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="681">56</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE8C345F509FFF5FF76FDDBFA3EFF31" blockId="16.[136,777,638,1079]" lastBlockId="16.[836,1475,190,214]" pageId="16" pageNumber="681">
<taxonomicName id="4C57B8C6F509FFF5FF76FDDBFE77FD71" box="[136,394,638,662]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelocheiridae" genus="Aphelocheirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9231F57F509FFF5FF76FDDBFED1FD71" box="[136,300,639,662]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="681">Aphelocheirus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are inhabitants of rocky upland streams, where their use of plastron respiration, associated with the development of the spiracular rosettes, allows them to stay submerged underwater for an indefinite period of time. Individuals are most abundant in areas of mixed gravel and cobble substrate swept by moderate current (D. Polhemus &amp; J. Polhemus, 1989). Such habitats are generally absent in
<collectingCountry id="F34083D5F509FFF5FF76FCFAFF0AFC91" box="[136,247,862,886]" name="Singapore" pageId="16" pageNumber="681">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, but are by contrast extensive in the mountains of Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="F34083D5F509FFF5FF02FCDAFEA2FC71" box="[252,351,894,918]" name="Malaysia" pageId="16" pageNumber="681">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, where representatives of both subgenera currently recognised in the genus,
<taxonomicName id="4C57B8C6F509FFF5FDD2FC3BFD2EFC51" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1833" box="[556,723,927,950]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelocheiridae" genus="Aphelocheirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9231F57F509FFF5FDD2FC3BFD2EFC51" box="[556,723,927,950]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="681">Aphelocheirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C57B8C6F509FFF5FF76FC1BFEAEFC31" authorityName="Hoberlandt &amp; Stys" authorityYear="1979" box="[136,339,959,982]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelocheiridae" genus="Aphelocheirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Micraphelocheirus">
<emphasis id="B9231F57F509FFF5FF76FC1BFEAEFC31" box="[136,339,959,982]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="681">Micraphelocheirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are known to occur, and it is likely that the current aphelocheirid fauna of this area is underestimated. No species of
<taxonomicName id="4C57B8C6F509FFF5FED2FC5BFE35FBF1" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1833" box="[300,456,1023,1046]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelocheiridae" genus="Aphelocheirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9231F57F509FFF5FED2FC5BFE35FBF1" box="[300,456,1023,1046]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="681">Aphelocheirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has yet been recorded from
<collectingCountry id="F34083D5F509FFF5FF76FBBAFF0AFBD1" box="[136,247,1054,1078]" name="Singapore" pageId="16" pageNumber="681">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, and the genus is unlikely to occur there given the general absence of suitable rocky streams on the island.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE8C345F509FFF5FCBAFF5AFA4BFD31" blockId="16.[836,1474,254,726]" pageId="16" pageNumber="681">
Following the monograph of D. Polhemus &amp; J. Polhemus (1989), which established a firm taxonomic foundation for the genus in tropical Asia, a large number of additional species were described from this region (J. Polhemus, 1989; Chen &amp; Nieser, 1991; D.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6BEB4F509FFF5FC07FEDAFB54FE71" author="Polhemus, D" box="[1017,1193,382,406]" pageId="16" pageNumber="681" pagination="74 - 78" refId="ref18915" refString="Polhemus, D. A., 1994. A new species of Aphelocheirus from Sumatra, and addenda to the world checklist. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 102: 74 - 78." type="journal article" year="1994">Polhemus, 1994</bibRefCitation>
; Liu &amp; Zheng, 1994;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6BEB4F509FFF5FA70FEDAFC3EFE51" author="Sites, R" pageId="16" pageNumber="681" pagination="127 - 134" refId="ref19397" refString="Sites, R. W., B. J. Nichols &amp; S. Permkam, 1997. The Naucoridae (Heteroptera) of southern Thailand. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 73: 127 - 134." type="journal article" year="1997">Sites et al., 1997</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6BEB4F509FFF5FC2FFE3AFBAAFE51" author="Zettel, H" box="[977,1111,414,438]" pageId="16" pageNumber="681" pagination="77 - 97" refId="ref19915" refString="Zettel, H., 1998. Neue Taxa der Gattung Aphelocheirus Westwood, 1833 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Aphelocheiridae) aus der Orientalischen Region sowie Bemerkungen zu einigen beschriebenen Arten und zu den Raubbeinen der Naucoroidea. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 100 B: 77 - 97." type="journal article" year="1998">Zettel, 1998</bibRefCitation>
, 1999, 2000, 2001; Nieser et al., 2004; Sites, 2005; Sites &amp; Zettel, 2005; Zettel &amp; Papáček, 2006;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6BEB4F509FFF5FC7BFE7AFBC2FE11" author="Liu, G" box="[901,1087,478,502]" pageId="16" pageNumber="681" pagination="272 - 276" refId="ref18409" refString="Liu, G. - Q. &amp; J. - H. Ding, 2005. A new species and two new records of the genus Aphelocheirus (Hemiptera: Aphelocheiridae) from China. Entomotaxonomia, 27: 272 - 276. (Text in Chinese with English summary)." type="journal article" year="2005">Liu &amp; Ding, 2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6BEB4F509FFF5FBB6FE7AFB02FE11" author="Thirumalai, G" box="[1096,1279,478,502]" pageId="16" pageNumber="681" pagination="55 - 61" refId="ref19756" refString="Thirumalai, G., 2008. Aphelocheirus (Aphelocheirus) narmadaensis sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Nepomorpha: Aphelocheiridae) from Madhya Pradesh, India. Zootaxa, 1923: 55 - 61." type="journal article" year="2008">Thirumalai, 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6BEB4F509FFF5FAF6FE7AFA43FE11" author="Zettel, H" box="[1288,1470,478,502]" pageId="16" pageNumber="681" pagination="61 - 68" refId="ref20315" refString="Zettel, H., D. J. W. Lane &amp; S. Moore, 2008. Aphelocheirus (s. str.) bruneiensis sp. n., a new benthic water bug (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Aphelocheiridae) from Brunei, and a key to Bornean Aphelocheirus. Zootaxa, 1920: 61 - 68." type="journal article" year="2008">Zettel et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
; Zettel &amp; Tran, 2009; Zettel &amp; Pangantihon, 2010). As a result, the genus currently contains 92 species worldwide (exclusive of subspecies), with the vast majority of the species added since 1989 having come from tropical Asia. This rush of new taxonomic work was not accompanied by any synthetic review or supplementary monograph, leading to a rather confusing situation for non-specialists at the present time.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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