treatments-xml/data/03/FB/87/03FB878DFF8A9E5BA82CFCC85376C9E1.xml

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<mods:title>Description of the pupal exuviae of some species belonging to Orthocladius s. str. van der Wulp, 1874 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), with a new key to species of West Palaearctic region</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Bruno Rossaro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Carlotta Casalegno</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2001</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2001-08-31</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName authority="(Walker, 1856)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[264,713,833,859]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oblidens">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[264,531,833,859]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Orthocladius oblidens</emphasis>
(Walker, 
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</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName authority="(Walker, 1856)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[264,554,908,931]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oblidens">
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<collectingCountry box="[264,286,908,931]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O</collectingCountry>
. oblidens
</emphasis>
(Walker, 
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName authority="Kieffer, 1924 (Langton &amp; Cranston 1991)" authorityName="Kieffer, 1924 (Langton &amp; Cranston" authorityYear="1991" box="[264,806,945,968]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lenzi">
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<collectingCountry box="[264,286,945,968]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O</collectingCountry>
. lenzi
</emphasis>
Kieffer, 
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(
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Langton &amp; Cranston 
<number box="[744,798,945,968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1991.0">1991</number>
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)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName box="[264,461,983,1006]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[264,405,983,1006]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Orthocladius</emphasis>
sp A
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Pinder, L. C. V." box="[468,603,983,1006]" firstAuthor="Pinder" journalOrPublisher="Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 169" part="37" refId="ref12201" refString="Pinder, L. C. V. (1978) A key to adult males of British Chironomidae. Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication, 37, 1 - 169." title="A key to adult males of British Chironomidae" type="journal article" year="1978">
Pinder, 
<number box="[550,603,983,1006]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1978.0">1978</number>
</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Langton, P. H. &amp; Cranston, P. S." box="[617,832,983,1006]" firstAuthor="Langton" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" page="184" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="239 - 252" part="16" refId="ref12035" refString="Langton, P. H. &amp; Cranston, P. S. (1991) Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised. Systematic Entomology, 16, 239 - 252." title="Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised" type="journal article" year="1991">
Langton, 
<number box="[721,778,983,1006]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1991.0">1991</number>
: 
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</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Langton, P. H. &amp; Cranston, P. S." box="[842,1122,983,1006]" firstAuthor="Langton" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="239 - 252" part="16" refId="ref12035" refString="Langton, P. H. &amp; Cranston, P. S. (1991) Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised. Systematic Entomology, 16, 239 - 252." title="Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised" type="journal article" year="1991">
Langton &amp; Cranston 
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)
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[264,975,1020,1043]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName authority="Pe" authorityName="Pe" box="[264,436,1020,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orthocladius Pe</taxonomicName>
<number box="[442,455,1020,1043]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2.0">2</number>
<bibRefCitation author="Langton, P. H." bookContentInfo="324 pp." box="[462,671,1020,1043]" firstAuthor="Langton" page="150" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref12080" refString="Langton, P. H. (1984) A Key to Pupal Exuviae of British Chironomidae. Privately published by the author. 324 pp." title="A Key to Pupal Exuviae of British Chironomidae" type="book" year="1984">
Langton, 
<number box="[564,621,1020,1043]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1984.0">1984</number>
: 
<number box="[631,671,1020,1043]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="150.0">150</number>
</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Langton, P. H. &amp; Cranston, P. S." box="[685,966,1020,1043]" firstAuthor="Langton" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="239 - 252" part="16" refId="ref12035" refString="Langton, P. H. &amp; Cranston, P. S. (1991) Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised. Systematic Entomology, 16, 239 - 252." title="Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised" type="journal article" year="1991">
Langton &amp; Cranston 
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</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[264,1291,908,1118]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
nec Chironomus 
<taxonomicName authority="Walker, 1856" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[447,688,1057,1080]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oblidens">
<emphasis box="[447,537,1057,1080]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">oblidens</emphasis>
Walker, 
<number box="[632,688,1057,1080]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1856.0">1856</number>
</taxonomicName>
, sensu 
<bibRefCitation author="Langton, P. H." bookContentInfo="324 pp." box="[765,981,1057,1080]" firstAuthor="Langton" page="154" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref12080" refString="Langton, P. H. (1984) A Key to Pupal Exuviae of British Chironomidae. Privately published by the author. 324 pp." title="A Key to Pupal Exuviae of British Chironomidae" type="book" year="1984">
Langton, 
<number box="[867,920,1057,1080]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1984.0">1984</number>
: 
<number box="[941,981,1057,1080]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="154.0">154</number>
</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Langton, P. H. &amp; Cranston, P. S." box="[1001,1283,1057,1080]" firstAuthor="Langton" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="239 - 252" part="16" refId="ref12035" refString="Langton, P. H. &amp; Cranston, P. S. (1991) Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised. Systematic Entomology, 16, 239 - 252." title="Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised" type="journal article" year="1991">
Langton &amp; Cranston 
<number box="[1229,1283,1057,1080]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1991.0">1991</number>
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) 
<taxonomicName authority="Rossaro &amp; Prato, 1991 Syn." authorityName="Rossaro &amp; Prato" authorityYear="1991" box="[264,686,1094,1118]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinderi">
<emphasis box="[264,374,1095,1118]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectingCountry box="[264,286,1095,1118]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O</collectingCountry>
. pinderi
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Rossaro, B. &amp; Prato, S." box="[381,623,1095,1118]" firstAuthor="Rossaro" journalOrPublisher="Fragmenta entomologica" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="59 - 68" part="23" refId="ref12266" refString="Rossaro, B. &amp; Prato, S. (1991) Description of 6 new species of the subgenus Orthocladius (Orthocladius) v. d. W. Fragmenta entomologica, 23, 59 - 68." title="Description of 6 new species of the subgenus Orthocladius (Orthocladius) v. d. W" type="journal article" year="1991">
Rossaro 
<emphasis box="[473,494,1095,1118]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">&amp;</emphasis>
Prato, 
<number box="[570,623,1095,1118]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1991.0">1991</number>
</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[637,686,1094,1118]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[637,686,1094,1118]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
n.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="7.[264,1324,1166,1867]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
DESCRIPTION. See 
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Langton 
<emphasis box="[633,656,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">&amp;</emphasis>
Cranston (
<number box="[793,855,1166,1192]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1991.0">1991</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[871,940,1166,1192]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1631,1655]" captionTargetBox="[404,1156,520,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[400,1156,520,1614]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ventral view (sternite) on the left, dorsal view (tergite) on the right. 1.1: O. marchettii: tergite III with anterior, median, posterior and apical point fields; 1.2: O. pedestris: tergite III with anterior, median, posterior and apical point fields" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155493/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Fig. 
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</figureCitation>
h, 
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f, 
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h) and 
<bibRefCitation author="Rossaro, B. &amp; Prato, S." journalOrPublisher="Fragmenta entomologica" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="59 - 68" part="23" refId="ref12266" refString="Rossaro, B. &amp; Prato, S. (1991) Description of 6 new species of the subgenus Orthocladius (Orthocladius) v. d. W. Fragmenta entomologica, 23, 59 - 68." title="Description of 6 new species of the subgenus Orthocladius (Orthocladius) v. d. W" type="journal article" year="1991">
Rossaro 
<emphasis box="[1227,1250,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">&amp;</emphasis>
Prato (
<number box="[273,335,1206,1232]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1991.0">1991</number>
, Fig. 
<number box="[403,478,1206,1232]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="20.21">20, 21</number>
, 
<number box="[492,524,1206,1232]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="22.0">22</number>
, sub 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rossaro &amp; Prato" authorityYear="1991" box="[586,708,1207,1232]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinderi">
<emphasis box="[586,708,1207,1232]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectingCountry box="[586,610,1207,1232]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O</collectingCountry>
. pinderi
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
. Thoracic horn 
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long. Hook row on 
<emphasis box="[1292,1323,1210,1235]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">TII</emphasis>
not very extended (
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wide). Pedes spurii B well developed. 
<emphasis box="[1101,1131,1255,1280]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">TII</emphasis>
only with small points present on the posterior field. Points on 
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with posterior points about the same size or larger than median points. 
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<collectionCode box="[665,702,1343,1368]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">TIII</collectionCode>
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with the anterior and lateral part of tergite devoid of points. The posterior point band of 
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extending further laterally than the apical band. T 
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leaving an antero­median bare area with points extending to the antero­lateral corner, diminishing in size; the median points somewhat larger than the more lateral, showing as a more or less circular area within the point patch. Frequently setae on S 
<emphasis box="[1280,1323,1523,1541]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">II­III</emphasis>
branched. Pedes spurii A present on S 
<emphasis box="[714,768,1567,1585]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">IV­VII</emphasis>
. Only very weak points present on T 
<emphasis box="[1208,1235,1567,1585]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">VII</emphasis>
and on 
<emphasis box="[264,297,1601,1627]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">SVI</emphasis>
at caudal margin. Lateral setae very short and weak. Robust taeniate extensions at the tip of anal lobes present. Apical setae of anal lobes not hooked at tips and short (
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long), less than half the lobe length (
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), anal lobes 
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wide.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="7.[264,1324,1166,1867]" lastBlockId="8.[264,1324,284,1230]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
COMMENTS. The adult male was described and figured by 
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Pinder (
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, p. 
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, Fig. 
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A)
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and labelled 
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<emphasis box="[521,676,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Orthocladius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. a. The pupal exuviae was described by 
<bibRefCitation author="Langton, P. H." bookContentInfo="324 pp." firstAuthor="Langton" page="150" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref12080" refString="Langton, P. H. (1984) A Key to Pupal Exuviae of British Chironomidae. Privately published by the author. 324 pp." title="A Key to Pupal Exuviae of British Chironomidae" type="book" year="1984">
Langton (
<number box="[273,337,1801,1827]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1984.0">1984</number>
: 
<number box="[352,397,1801,1827]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="150.0">150</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
and labelled 
<taxonomicName authority="Pe" authorityName="Pe" box="[575,771,1801,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[575,730,1802,1827]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Orthocladius</emphasis>
Pe
</taxonomicName>
<number box="[782,800,1801,1827]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2.0">2</number>
. 
<bibRefCitation author="Pinder, L. C. V." box="[816,982,1801,1827]" firstAuthor="Pinder" journalOrPublisher="Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 169" part="37" refId="ref12201" refString="Pinder, L. C. V. (1978) A key to adult males of British Chironomidae. Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication, 37, 1 - 169." title="A key to adult males of British Chironomidae" type="journal article" year="1978">
Pinder (
<number box="[912,973,1801,1827]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1978.0">1978</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
stated that it resembled the species figured and determined by 
<bibRefCitation author="Brundin, L." box="[695,881,1841,1867]" firstAuthor="Brundin" journalOrPublisher="Arkiv fur Zoology" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 95" part="39" refId="ref11742" refString="Brundin, L. (1947) Zur Kenntnis der schwedischen Chironomiden. Arkiv fur Zoology, 39, 1 - 95." title="Zur Kenntnis der schwedischen Chironomiden" type="journal article" year="1947">
Brundin (
<number box="[811,872,1841,1867]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1947.0">1947</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
as 
<taxonomicName authority="(Walker, 1853)" authorityName="sensu Brundin" authorityYear="1853" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[928,1262,1841,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oblidens">
<emphasis box="[928,1067,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectingCountry box="[928,952,1842,1867]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O</collectingCountry>
. oblidens
</emphasis>
(Walker, 
<number box="[1190,1253,1841,1867]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1853.0">1853</number>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The examination of Walker's 
<typeStatus box="[563,666,284,310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Pinder, L. C. V." box="[683,832,284,310]" firstAuthor="Pinder" journalOrPublisher="Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 169" part="37" refId="ref12201" refString="Pinder, L. C. V. (1978) A key to adult males of British Chironomidae. Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication, 37, 1 - 169." title="A key to adult males of British Chironomidae" type="journal article" year="1978">
Pinder 
<number box="[772,832,284,310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1978.0">1978</number>
</bibRefCitation>
) suggested that it was different from the species figured by 
<bibRefCitation author="Brundin, L." box="[485,669,324,350]" firstAuthor="Brundin" journalOrPublisher="Arkiv fur Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 95" part="39" refId="ref11742" refString="Brundin, L. (1947) Zur Kenntnis der schwedischen Chironomiden. Arkiv fur Zoology, 39, 1 - 95." title="Zur Kenntnis der schwedischen Chironomiden" type="journal article" year="1947">
Brundin (
<number box="[597,660,324,350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1947.0">1947</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
, so 
<taxonomicName authority="(Walker) sensu Brundin" authorityName="sensu Brundin" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[715,1137,324,350]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oblidens">
<emphasis box="[715,851,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<collectingCountry box="[715,739,324,349]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O</collectingCountry>
. oblidens
</emphasis>
(Walker) sensu Brundin
</taxonomicName>
was designated by 
<bibRefCitation author="Pinder, L. C. V." box="[301,464,364,390]" firstAuthor="Pinder" journalOrPublisher="Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 169" part="37" refId="ref12201" refString="Pinder, L. C. V. (1978) A key to adult males of British Chironomidae. Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication, 37, 1 - 169." title="A key to adult males of British Chironomidae" type="journal article" year="1978">
Pinder (
<number box="[394,455,364,390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1978.0">1978</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
as a different species (= 
<taxonomicName authorityName="van der Wulp" authorityYear="1874" box="[750,905,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[750,905,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Orthocladius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. a), but it was not given a name. 
<bibRefCitation author="Rossaro, B. &amp; Prato, S." box="[264,556,404,430]" firstAuthor="Rossaro" journalOrPublisher="Fragmenta entomologica" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="59 - 68" part="23" refId="ref12266" refString="Rossaro, B. &amp; Prato, S. (1991) Description of 6 new species of the subgenus Orthocladius (Orthocladius) v. d. W. Fragmenta entomologica, 23, 59 - 68." title="Description of 6 new species of the subgenus Orthocladius (Orthocladius) v. d. W" type="journal article" year="1991">
Rossaro 
<emphasis box="[370,393,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">&amp;</emphasis>
Prato (
<number box="[486,547,404,430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1991.0">1991</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
reared pupae and obtained pupal exuviae identical to the ones described by 
<bibRefCitation author="Langton, P. H." bookContentInfo="324 pp." box="[433,615,444,470]" firstAuthor="Langton" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref12080" refString="Langton, P. H. (1984) A Key to Pupal Exuviae of British Chironomidae. Privately published by the author. 324 pp." title="A Key to Pupal Exuviae of British Chironomidae" type="book" year="1984">
Langton (
<number box="[553,615,444,470]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1984.1991">1984</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Langton, P. H. &amp; Cranston, P. S." bookContentInfo="386 pp." box="[634,694,444,470]" firstAuthor="Langton" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="239 - 252" part="16" refId="ref12035" refString="Langton, P. H. &amp; Cranston, P. S. (1991) Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised. Systematic Entomology, 16, 239 - 252." title="Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised" type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
) and adult males identical to the ones figured by 
<bibRefCitation author="Brundin, L." box="[264,449,484,510]" firstAuthor="Brundin" journalOrPublisher="Arkiv fur Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 95" part="39" refId="ref11742" refString="Brundin, L. (1947) Zur Kenntnis der schwedischen Chironomiden. Arkiv fur Zoology, 39, 1 - 95." title="Zur Kenntnis der schwedischen Chironomiden" type="journal article" year="1947">
Brundin (
<number box="[379,440,484,510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1947.0">1947</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation author="Pinder, L. C. V." box="[510,679,484,510]" firstAuthor="Pinder" journalOrPublisher="Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 169" part="37" refId="ref12201" refString="Pinder, L. C. V. (1978) A key to adult males of British Chironomidae. Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication, 37, 1 - 169." title="A key to adult males of British Chironomidae" type="journal article" year="1978">
Pinder (
<number box="[606,670,484,510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1978.0">1978</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
. This lead 
<bibRefCitation author="Rossaro, B. &amp; Prato, S." box="[813,1101,484,510]" firstAuthor="Rossaro" journalOrPublisher="Fragmenta entomologica" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="59 - 68" part="23" refId="ref12266" refString="Rossaro, B. &amp; Prato, S. (1991) Description of 6 new species of the subgenus Orthocladius (Orthocladius) v. d. W. Fragmenta entomologica, 23, 59 - 68." title="Description of 6 new species of the subgenus Orthocladius (Orthocladius) v. d. W" type="journal article" year="1991">
Rossaro &amp; Prato (
<number box="[1031,1092,484,510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1991.0">1991</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
to give a name to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="van der Wulp" authorityYear="1874" box="[264,419,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[264,419,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Orthocladius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. a Pinder, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rossaro &amp; Prato" authorityYear="1991" box="[593,716,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinderi">
<emphasis box="[593,716,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<collectingCountry box="[593,617,524,549]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O</collectingCountry>
. pinderi
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation author="Langton, P. H. &amp; Cranston, P. S." box="[735,1073,524,550]" firstAuthor="Langton" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="239 - 252" part="16" refId="ref12035" refString="Langton, P. H. &amp; Cranston, P. S. (1991) Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised. Systematic Entomology, 16, 239 - 252." title="Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised" type="journal article" year="1991">
Langton &amp; Cranston (
<number box="[1003,1064,524,550]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1991.0">1991</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
emphasised that the differences in male hypopygia between 
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Brundin" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[749,889,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oblidens">
<emphasis box="[749,889,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<collectingCountry box="[749,773,564,589]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O</collectingCountry>
. oblidens
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="van der Wulp" authorityYear="1874" box="[952,1107,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[952,1107,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Orthocladius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp a Pinder were untenable; the latter was stated as a junior synonym of the former; the synomymy between 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rossaro &amp; Prato" authorityYear="1991" box="[264,385,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinderi">
<emphasis box="[264,385,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<collectingCountry box="[264,288,644,669]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O</collectingCountry>
. pinderi
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Brundin" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[442,577,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oblidens">
<emphasis box="[442,577,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<collectingCountry box="[442,466,644,669]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O</collectingCountry>
. oblidens
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is here confirmed as a consequence.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="8.[264,1324,284,1230]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
MATERIAL EXAMINED: 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[640,725,683,709]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<collectingCountry box="[640,725,683,709]" name="Italy" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ITALY</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: PIEMONTE: Po river, Pontestura, 
<number box="[1152,1179,684,710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="13.0">13</number>
/ 
<number box="[1188,1216,684,710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="12.0">12</number>
// 
<number box="[1236,1323,684,710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1983.1">1983, 1</number>
Pex; Trino Vercellese, 
<date box="[541,676,724,750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1967-11-10">
<number box="[541,570,724,750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="10.0">10</number>
/ 
<number box="[580,606,724,750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="11.0">11</number>
/ 
<number box="[615,676,724,750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1967.1">1967</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex. LOMBARDIA: Po river, Pieve Porto Morone, 
<date box="[264,371,764,790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1980-05-03">
<number box="[264,277,764,790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="3.0">3</number>
/ 
<number box="[287,300,764,790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="5.0">5</number>
/ 
<number box="[310,371,764,790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1980.1">1980</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex; 
<date box="[483,604,764,790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1980-05-29">
<number box="[483,513,764,790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="29.0">29</number>
/ 
<number box="[522,535,764,790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="5.0">5</number>
/ 
<number box="[544,604,764,790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1980.1">1980</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex; Bardello stream, 
<date box="[912,1033,764,790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1979-05-15">
<number box="[912,939,764,790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="15.0">15</number>
/ 
<number box="[949,962,764,790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="5.0">5</number>
/ 
<number box="[972,1033,764,790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1979.1">1979</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex; Endine lake, st. G 
<number box="[287,349,804,830]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="4.25">
4, 
<date box="[319,349,804,830]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1981-02-25">25</date>
</number>
/ 
<number box="[358,372,804,830]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2.0">2</number>
/ 
<number box="[382,470,804,830]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1981.1">1981, 1</number>
Pex; Serio river, Ricengo, 
<date box="[808,929,804,830]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1999-05-24">
<number box="[808,838,804,830]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="24.0">24</number>
/ 
<number box="[847,860,804,830]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="5.0">5</number>
/ 
<number box="[870,929,804,830]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1999.1">1999</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex; 
<date box="[1034,1155,804,830]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1999-06-28">
<number box="[1034,1063,804,830]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="28.0">28</number>
/ 
<number box="[1073,1087,804,830]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="6.0">6</number>
/ 
<number box="[1096,1155,804,830]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1999.1">1999</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex; 
<date pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1999-09-27">
<number box="[1261,1289,804,830]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="27.0">27</number>
/ 
<number box="[1299,1312,804,830]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="9.0">9</number>
/ 
<number box="[264,325,844,870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1999.1">1999</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex; 
<date box="[430,552,844,870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2000-01-23">
<number box="[430,459,844,870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="23.0">23</number>
/ 
<number box="[469,478,844,870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1.0">1</number>
/ 
<number box="[488,552,844,870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2000.1">2000</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex; 
<date box="[655,777,844,870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2000-02-18">
<number box="[655,682,844,870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="18.0">18</number>
/ 
<number box="[691,705,844,870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2.0">2</number>
/ 
<number box="[715,777,844,870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2000.1">2000</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex; 
<date box="[881,1003,844,870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2000-03-23">
<number box="[881,910,844,870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="23.0">23</number>
/ 
<number box="[919,931,844,870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="3.0">3</number>
/ 
<number box="[941,1003,844,870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2000.1">2000</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex; 
<date box="[1106,1228,844,870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2000-04-15">
<number box="[1106,1132,844,870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="15.0">15</number>
/ 
<number box="[1142,1157,844,870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="4.0">4</number>
/ 
<number box="[1166,1228,844,870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2000.1">2000</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex; Lambro river, Asso, 
<date box="[510,645,884,910]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1977-11-16">
<number box="[510,538,884,910]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="16.0">16</number>
/ 
<number box="[549,575,884,910]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="11.0">11</number>
/ 
<number box="[584,645,884,910]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1977.1">1977</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex; a pond near Cesano Maderno, Milano, 
<number box="[1209,1222,884,910]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="3.0">3</number>
/ 
<number box="[1232,1322,884,910]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2001.1">2001, 1</number>
Pex; Ticino river, Castelletto di Cuggiono, 
<date box="[764,886,924,950]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2001-03-26">
<number box="[764,794,924,950]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="26.0">26</number>
/ 
<number box="[804,817,924,950]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="3.0">3</number>
/ 
<number box="[826,886,924,950]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2001.1">2001</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex. EMILIA ROMAGNA: Aveto lake 
<date box="[321,427,964,990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1986-05-01">
<number box="[321,331,964,990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1.0">1</number>
/ 
<number box="[340,354,964,990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="5.0">5</number>
/ 
<number box="[364,427,964,990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1986.1">1986</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex; Po river, Corso, 
<number box="[717,746,964,990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="12.0">12</number>
/ 
<number box="[755,843,964,990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1975.1">1975, 1</number>
Pex; 
<number box="[919,932,964,990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="5.0">5</number>
/ 
<number box="[942,1031,964,990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1977.1">1977, 1</number>
Pex; 
<date box="[1098,1234,964,990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1978-11-21">
<number box="[1098,1127,964,990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="21.0">21</number>
/ 
<number box="[1137,1163,964,990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="11.0">11</number>
/ 
<number box="[1173,1234,964,990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1978.1">1978</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex; 
<date box="[264,371,1004,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1979-07-02">
<number box="[264,278,1004,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2.0">2</number>
/ 
<number box="[288,302,1004,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="7.0">7</number>
/ 
<number box="[311,371,1004,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1979.1">1979</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex; 
<collectingCountry box="[482,540,1004,1030]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Isola</collectingCountry>
.Serafini, 
<date box="[656,792,1004,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1980-12-18">
<number box="[656,683,1004,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="18.0">18</number>
/ 
<number box="[693,721,1004,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="12.0">12</number>
/ 
<number box="[731,792,1004,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1980.1">1980</number>
</date>
, 
<specimenCount box="[807,888,1004,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
/Pex/Lex; Adda river, Porto d'Adda, 
<date box="[264,400,1044,1070]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1983-12-13">
<number box="[264,291,1044,1070]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="13.0">13</number>
/ 
<number box="[301,330,1044,1070]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="12.0">12</number>
/ 
<number box="[340,400,1044,1070]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1983.1">1983</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex. Tributary of Taro river, Bedonia, 
<date box="[877,998,1044,1070]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2001-05-15">
<number box="[877,904,1044,1070]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="15.0">15</number>
/ 
<number box="[914,927,1044,1070]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="5.0">5</number>
/ 
<number box="[937,998,1044,1070]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2001.1">2001</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex. MARCHE: Potenza river, st, 
<number box="[375,392,1084,1110]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2.0">2</number>
, S.Severino, 
<date box="[555,662,1084,1110]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1986-04-08">
<number box="[555,568,1084,1110]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="8.0">8</number>
/ 
<number box="[578,593,1084,1110]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="4.0">4</number>
/ 
<number box="[602,662,1084,1110]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1986.1">1986</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex. 
<collectionCode box="[767,860,1084,1110]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">LAZIO</collectionCode>
: Velino river, Antrodoco 
<date box="[1172,1292,1084,1110]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1990-03-11">
<number box="[1172,1198,1084,1110]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="11.0">11</number>
/ 
<number box="[1208,1221,1084,1110]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="3.0">3</number>
/ 
<number box="[1230,1292,1084,1110]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1990.1">1990</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex; 
<date box="[324,446,1124,1150]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1990-03-17">
<number box="[324,352,1124,1150]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="17.0">17</number>
/ 
<number box="[361,374,1124,1150]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="3.0">3</number>
/ 
<number box="[384,446,1124,1150]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1990.1">1990</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex; 
<date box="[549,670,1124,1150]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1990-03-17">
<number box="[549,577,1124,1150]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="17.0">17</number>
/ 
<number box="[586,599,1124,1150]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="3.0">3</number>
/ 
<number box="[609,670,1124,1150]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1990.1">1990</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex. ABRUZZO: Aterno river, Coppito, 
<date box="[1187,1294,1124,1150]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1992-03-09">
<number box="[1187,1201,1124,1150]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="9.0">9</number>
/ 
<number box="[1211,1224,1124,1150]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="3.0">3</number>
/ 
<number box="[1233,1294,1124,1150]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1992.1">1992</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex; a spring loc. Ovindoli, Fucino, 
<date box="[693,799,1164,1190]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1989-05-06">
<number box="[693,707,1164,1190]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="6.0">6</number>
/ 
<number box="[717,730,1164,1190]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="5.0">5</number>
/ 
<number box="[739,799,1164,1190]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1989.1">1989</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex; Vetoio spring, 
<date box="[1067,1188,1164,1190]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1992-03-19">
<number box="[1067,1095,1164,1190]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="19.0">19</number>
/ 
<number box="[1105,1118,1164,1190]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="3.0">3</number>
/ 
<number box="[1127,1188,1164,1190]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1992.1">1992</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex; 
<date pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1992-05-13">
<number box="[1283,1310,1164,1190]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="13.0">13</number>
/ 
<number box="[264,277,1204,1230]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="5.0">5</number>
/ 
<number box="[287,348,1204,1230]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1992.1">1992</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex; 
<date box="[442,563,1204,1230]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1992-05-27">
<number box="[442,472,1204,1230]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="27.0">27</number>
/ 
<number box="[481,494,1204,1230]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="5.0">5</number>
/ 
<number box="[503,563,1204,1230]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1992.1">1992</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex; Zittola stream, 
<date box="[834,957,1204,1230]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1992-05-26">
<number box="[834,864,1204,1230]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="26.0">26</number>
/ 
<number box="[874,887,1204,1230]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="5.0">5</number>
/ 
<number box="[897,957,1204,1230]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1992.1">1992</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>