290 lines
36 KiB
XML
290 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="AA24EDFC306CC536DFAF97101D83E86A" ID-CLB-Dataset="21232" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4608.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c4d067fa-4c56-4248-8084-caf4dd1eea21" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3993611" ID-ZooBank="3540218C-34FA-4D91-925A-3E89C6C3A7C1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1597950731833" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Venugopal, Akhil S. & Thomas, Sabu K." docDate="2019" docId="03FB8782FFFB775B4AFEF91337C3FDF9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4608.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4608 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pheropsophus bimaculatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="70" masterDocId="FFC2FFFAFFF8775E4A69FFAD3561FE32" masterDocTitle="Bombardier beetles of the genus Pheropsophus Solier 1833 (Carabidae: Brachininae: Brachinini) from Indian subcontinent" masterLastPageNumber="89" masterPageNumber="65" pageNumber="68" updateTime="1698845024281" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="C67B4A4E5E1553B4646989C2F90B9F1E">Bombardier beetles of the genus Pheropsophus Solier 1833 (Carabidae: Brachininae: Brachinini) from Indian subcontinent</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3C05E422F9418008AB2A55C526BCF63B">Venugopal, Akhil S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="645E193EB0626B247A8B43C34AE5C3B9">Thomas, Sabu K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="EAC21BD4AF83550A967E1948C2ED6461">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6D11FADC17643D3557EBD87679D0E96A">2019</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03FB8782FFFB775B4AFEF91337C3FDF9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4335129" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167284775" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4335129" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8782FFFB775B4AFEF91337C3FDF9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB8782FFFB775B4AFEF91337C3FDF9" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
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<subSubSection id="C348651FFFFB775D4AFEF91337BAF8EA" box="[151,731,1726,1753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFFB775D4AFEF91337BAF8EA" blockId="3.[151,731,1726,1789]" box="[151,731,1726,1753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
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<heading id="D0A581F8FFFB775D4AFEF91337BAF8EA" bold="true" box="[151,731,1726,1753]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFB775D4AFEF91337BAF8EA" bold="true" box="[151,731,1726,1753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
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<taxonomicName id="4C524D17FFFB775D4AFEF91334BEF8EB" ID-CoL="4G38L" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[151,479,1726,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculatus">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFB775D4AFEF91334BEF8EB" bold="true" box="[151,479,1726,1753]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Pheropsophus bimaculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFB775D4B86F91337B2F8EA" author="Linnaeus, C. von" box="[495,723,1726,1752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refId="ref20082" refString="Linnaeus, C. von. (1771) Mantissa plantarum: Generum editionis VI. et specierum editionis II. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 588 pp." type="book" year="1771">LINNAEUS, 1771</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C348651FFFFB775B4AFEF94E3753FD6D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFFB775D4AFEF94E345BF8CF" blockId="3.[151,731,1726,1789]" box="[151,314,1762,1789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13692A11FFFB775D4AC9F94E359FF8CF" box="[160,254,1763,1789]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1869,1894]" captionTargetBox="[205,1381,207,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1392,196,1829]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dorsal habitus of Pheropsophus from India – A) Pheropsophus andrewesi (Holotype, ‘India: Assam’, ZMHB), B) P. aptinoides (Holotype, ‘East Indies’, MNHN), C) P. bimaculatus (Holotype, ‘Ind.Or.’, LSUK), D) P. cardoni (Syntype, ‘Chota Nagpore, Nowatoli’, ZMHB), E) P. catoirei (Holotype, ‘Bengalia’, MNHN), F) P. chaudoiri (Holotype, ‘Nepal’, BMNH), G) P. consularis (Syntype, ‘Burma’, NMPC), H) P. javanus (Holotype, ‘Java’, MNHN), I) P. lineifrons (Holotype, ‘Ind.Or.’, ZMHB)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3993613" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3993613/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Fig. 1 C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13692A11FFFB775D4B63F94F3452F8CF" box="[266,307,1762,1789]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1882,1907]" captionTargetBox="[174,1420,189,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[153,1438,176,1822]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pheropsophus male genitalia, Right lateral aspect–A) Pheropsophus devagiriensis sp. nov. (Holotype, ‘India: Tamilnadu: Courtallam’), B) P. indicus sp. nov. (Holotype, ‘India: Kerala: Palakkad’), C) P. bimaculatus (‘India: Kerala: Nilambur’), D) P. lissoderus (‘India: Kerala: Kalpetta’), E) P. occipitalis (‘India: Kerala: Kalpetta’), F) P. picicollis (‘India: Kerala: Chelari’), G) P. sobrinus (‘India: Kerala: Palakkad’), H) P. tripustulatus (‘India: Kerala: Nilambur’). Scale Bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3993621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3993621/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">5 C</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFFB775D4AFEF88F30FCF96A" blockId="3.[151,1437,1826,1973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
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Ssp.
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<taxonomicName id="4C524D17FFFB775D4AA1F88F3782F908" authority="ARROW, 1901" authorityName="ARROW" authorityYear="1901" box="[200,739,1826,1850]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bimaculatus" subSpecies="posticalis">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFB775D4AA1F88F3723F908" box="[200,578,1826,1850]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Pheropsophus bimaculatus posticalis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFB775D482EF88F3782F908" author="Arrow, G. J." box="[583,739,1826,1850]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" pagination="193 - 206" refId="ref18260" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1901) The Carabid genus Pheropsophus: Notes and descriptions of new species. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1901, 193 - 206." type="journal article" year="1901">ARROW, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C524D17FFFB775D4AFEF8ED372CF96B" authority="Linnaeus, 1771: 532" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="532" authorityYear="1771" box="[151,589,1856,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculatus">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFB775D4AFEF8ED3413F96A" box="[151,370,1856,1880]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Carabus bimaculatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFB775D4B10F8ED372CF96B" author="Linnaeus, C. von" box="[377,589,1856,1881]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refId="ref20082" refString="Linnaeus, C. von. (1771) Mantissa plantarum: Generum editionis VI. et specierum editionis II. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 588 pp." type="book" year="1771">Linnaeus, 1771: 532</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFB775D4830F8ED364EF96A" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[601,815,1856,1881]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refId="ref19234" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1775) Systema Entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Officina Libraria Kortii, Flensburgi et Lipsiae (Flensburg and Leipzig), xxxii + 832 pp." type="book" year="1775">Fabricius, 1775: 243</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFB775D4953F8ED368AF96B" author="Olivier, G. A." box="[826,1003,1856,1881]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refId="ref20469" refString="Olivier, G. A. (1795) Entomologie ou Histoire naturelle des insectes, avec leurs caracteres generiques et specifiques, leur description, leur synonymie et leur figure enluminee. Lanneau, Paris, 557 pp." type="book" year="1795">Olivier, 1795: 65</bibRefCitation>
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; Dejean, 1821: 3; 1825: 299;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFB775D4F77F8EC30FCF96A" author="Hope, F. W." box="[1310,1437,1856,1880]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refId="ref19620" refString="Hope, F. W. (1838) The Coleopterist's Manual, Part the Second, Containing The Predaceous Land And Water Beetles Linneus And Fabricius. Henry G. Bohn, York Street, Covent Garden, London, 168 pp." type="book" year="1838">Hope, 1838:</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFFB775D4AAEF8F230FCF945" blockId="3.[151,1437,1826,1973]" box="[199,1437,1886,1911]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
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100;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFB775D4A92F8F33487F945" author="Motschulsky, V. von" box="[251,486,1886,1911]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" pagination="25 - 71" refId="ref20442" refString="Motschulsky, V. von (1855) Sur les collections Coleopterologiques de Linne et de Fabricius. Etudes Entomologiques, 4, 25 - 71." type="journal article" year="1855">Motschulsky, 1855: 55</bibRefCitation>
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||
; Redtenbacher, 1844: 5;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFB775D488DF8F336CAF945" author="Chaudoir, M." box="[740,939,1886,1911]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" pagination="11 - 104" refId="ref18920" refString="Chaudoir, M. (1876) Monographie de Brachynides. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique, 19, 11 - 104." type="journal article" year="1876">Chaudoir, 1876: 34</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFB775D49DFF8F23104F945" author="Bates, H. W." box="[950,1125,1886,1911]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" pagination="199 - 212" refId="ref18382" refString="Bates, H. W. (1886) On the Geodephagous Coleoptera collected by George Lewis in Ceylon. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany and Geology, 5 (17), 199 - 212. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938609460134" type="journal article" year="1886">Bates, 1886: 200</bibRefCitation>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFB775D4E06F8F3302DF945" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[1135,1356,1886,1911]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" pagination="119 - 217" refId="ref17745" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1919) On the types of Oriental Carabidae in the British Museum and in the Hope Department of the Oxford University Museum. Transactions of Entomological Society of London, 1919, 119 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1919. tb 00006. x" type="journal article" year="1919">Andrewes, 1919: 120</bibRefCitation>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFB775D4F3EF8F230FCF945" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[1367,1437,1887,1911]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" pagination="145 - 195" refId="ref17807" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1921 a) Notes on Synonymy and on some types of Oriental Carabidae in various foreign collections. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1921, 145 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1921. tb 02805. x" type="journal article" year="1921">1921a:</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFFB775D4AAEF8D0313BF986" blockId="3.[151,1437,1826,1973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
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153; 1923(1924b): 460; 1930: 271. Ssp.
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<taxonomicName id="4C524D17FFFB775D4AA1F831379CF986" authority="Arrow, 1901: 204" authorityName="ARROW" authorityPageNumber="204" authorityYear="1901" box="[200,765,1948,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bimaculatus" subSpecies="posticalis">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFB775D4AA1F8313723F986" box="[200,578,1948,1972]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Pheropsophus bimaculatus posticalis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFB775D482EF831379CF986" author="Arrow, G. J." box="[583,765,1948,1972]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" pagination="193 - 206" refId="ref18260" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1901) The Carabid genus Pheropsophus: Notes and descriptions of new species. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1901, 193 - 206." type="journal article" year="1901">Arrow, 1901: 204</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFB775D496FF8313682F986" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[774,995,1948,1973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" pagination="119 - 217" refId="ref17745" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1919) On the types of Oriental Carabidae in the British Museum and in the Hope Department of the Oxford University Museum. Transactions of Entomological Society of London, 1919, 119 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1919. tb 00006. x" type="journal article" year="1919">Andrewes, 1919: 198</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFB775D4984F8313137F986" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[1005,1110,1948,1972]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refId="ref18200" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1930) Catalogue of Indian Insects. Part 18. Carabidae. Government of India Central Publication Branch, Calcutta, xxi + 389 pp." type="book" year="1930">1930: 271</bibRefCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BED3694FFFB775D4AFEF84F3177F9CF" blockId="3.[151,1046,2018,2045]" box="[151,1046,2018,2045]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
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||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFB775D4AFEF84F3485F9CF" bold="true" box="[151,484,2018,2045]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Specimens examined (n=51)</emphasis>
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:
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<typeStatus id="54E98836FFFB775D4B9AF84E373FF9CF" box="[499,606,2019,2045]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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, labelled “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D17FFFB775D48BCF84E363FF9CF" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[725,862,2019,2045]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculatus">
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||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFB775D48BCF84E363FF9CF" box="[725,862,2019,2045]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">bimaculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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”, type in LSUK
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF2D661CFFFC775A4AFEF8E03588F9C4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3993613" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3993613" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3993613/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" startId="4.[151,250,1869,1894]" targetBox="[205,1381,207,1825]" targetPageId="4">
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||
<paragraph id="8BED3694FFFC775A4AFEF8E03588F9C4" blockId="4.[151,1436,1869,2038]" pageId="4" pageNumber="69">
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||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFC775A4AFEF8E03472F954" bold="true" box="[151,275,1869,1894]" pageId="4" pageNumber="69">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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Dorsal habitus of
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<taxonomicName id="4C524D17FFFC775A4BA6F8E3373EF954" authorityName="Solier" authorityYear="1833" box="[463,607,1870,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFC775A4BA6F8E3373EF954" box="[463,607,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="69">Pheropsophus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from India – A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D17FFFC775A4963F8E33169F954" authorityName="Jedlicka" authorityYear="1964" box="[778,1032,1870,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrewesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFC775A4963F8E33169F954" box="[778,1032,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="69">Pheropsophus andrewesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Holotype, ‘India: Assam’, ZMHB), B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D17FFFC775A4AFEF8DE3478F9B8" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1876" box="[151,281,1906,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aptinoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFC775A4AFEF8DE3478F9B8" box="[151,281,1906,1930]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="69">P. aptinoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Holotype, ‘East Indies’, MNHN), C)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D17FFFC775A48F4F8DE3650F9B8" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[669,817,1906,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFC775A48F4F8DE3650F9B8" box="[669,817,1906,1930]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="69">P. bimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Holotype, ‘Ind.Or.’, LSUK), D)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D17FFFC775A4EEDF8DE318AF9B8" authorityName="Maindron" authorityYear="1898" box="[1156,1259,1906,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cardoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFC775A4EEDF8DE318AF9B8" box="[1156,1259,1906,1930]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="69">P. cardoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Syntype, ‘Chota Nagpore, Nowatoli’, ZMHB), E)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D17FFFC775A4B90F83A3702F99C" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[505,611,1943,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catoirei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFC775A4B90F83A3702F99C" box="[505,611,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="69">P. catoirei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Holotype, ‘Bengalia’, MNHN), F)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D17FFFC775A498CF83A3105F99C" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1901" box="[997,1124,1942,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chaudoiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFC775A498CF83A3105F99C" box="[997,1124,1942,1966]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="69">P. chaudoiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Holotype, ‘Nepal’, BMNH), G)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D17FFFC775A4AD3F816345EF9E0" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt-Goebel" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[186,319,1978,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFC775A4AD3F816345EF9E0" box="[186,319,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="69">P. consularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Syntype, ‘Burma’, NMPC), H)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D17FFFC775A48FFF816379EF9E0" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[662,767,1979,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFC775A48FFF816379EF9E0" box="[662,767,1979,2002]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="69">P. javanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Holotype, ‘Java’, MNHN), I)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D17FFFC775A4E2CF81631A1F9E0" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[1093,1216,1978,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFC775A4E2CF81631A1F9E0" box="[1093,1216,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="69">P. lineifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Holotype, ‘Ind.Or.’, ZMHB)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED3694FFFD775B4AAEFF3434D6FEC9" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">
|
||
Other specimens examined:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CC9FFFD775B4864FF34346EFEE5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846550302" collectingDate="2016-02-28" collectorName="Hand & S. V. Akhil" country="India" location="Nilambur" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" specimenCount="43" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D54FD1DFFFD775B4864FF343700FE81" box="[525,609,153,179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" type="generic">43 exs.</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457604FFFD775B4806FF3437CCFE81" box="[623,685,153,179]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4996F876FFFD775B48D3FF343668FE81" box="[698,777,153,179]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8E8D604FFFFD775B497FFF3436E2FE81" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8782FFFB775B4AFEF91337C3FDF9:8E8D604FFFFD775B497FFF3436E2FE81" box="[790,899,153,179]" country="India" name="Nilambur" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" stateProvince="Kerala">Nilambur</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFEC1054FFFD775B49F9FF343166FE81" box="[912,1031,153,179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" value="2016-02-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA8E9BCFFFD775B49F9FF343166FE81" box="[912,1031,153,179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" value="2016-02-28">28.II.2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A75342FFFD775B4E7CFF343133FE81" box="[1045,1106,153,179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Hand</collectorName>
|
||
picking (under stones), coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26A75342FFFD775B4AFEFF10346EFEE5" box="[151,271,189,215]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">S.V. Akhil</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CC9FFFD775B4B75FF10319DFEE5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846550331" box="[284,1276,189,216]" collectingDate="2017-11-26" collectorName="Hand & M. Divya" country="India" location="Palakkad" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D54FD1DFFFD775B4B75FF103400FEE5" box="[284,353,189,215]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" type="generic">3 exs.</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457604FFFD775B4B07FF1034CDFEE5" box="[366,428,189,215]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4996F876FFFD775B4BD1FF103766FEE5" box="[440,519,189,215]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8E8D604FFFFD775B487AFF10371CFEE5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8782FFFB775B4AFEF91337C3FDF9:8E8D604FFFFD775B487AFF10371CFEE5" box="[531,637,189,215]" country="India" name="Palakkad" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" stateProvince="Kerala">Palakkad</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFEC1054FFFD775B48E0FF10366AFEE5" box="[649,779,189,215]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" value="2017-11-26">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA8E9BCFFFD775B48E0FF10366AFEE5" box="[649,779,189,215]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" value="2017-11-26">26.XI.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A75342FFFD775B4971FF103634FEE5" box="[792,853,189,215]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Hand</collectorName>
|
||
picking (paddy field), coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26A75342FFFD775B4EE4FF10319DFEE5" box="[1165,1276,189,215]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">M. Divya</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CC9FFFD775B4F60FF1034D2FEC9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846550306" country="India" location="Tamil Nadu" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D54FD1DFFFD775B4F60FF10302FFEE5" box="[1289,1358,189,215]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" type="generic">4 exs.</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457604FFFD775B4F32FF1030F8FEE5" box="[1371,1433,189,215]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4996F876FFFD775B4AFEFF4C3441FEC9" box="[151,288,225,251]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Coimbatore
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED3694FFFD775B4AAEFEA9364EFF2D" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,971]" box="[199,815,260,287]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFD775B4AAEFEA93438FF2D" bold="true" box="[199,345,260,287]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B71FFFD775B4BD7FEA93705FF2D" box="[446,612,260,287]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6649999999999998" metricValueMax="1.75" metricValueMin="1.58" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" unit="mm" value="16.65" valueMax="17.5" valueMin="15.8">15.8–17.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; TW:
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B71FFFD775B48C1FEA8364EFF2D" box="[680,815,261,287]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="7.3" metricValueMin="6.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" unit="mm" value="6.75" valueMax="7.3" valueMin="6.2">6.2–7.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED3694FFFD775B4AAEFE8531EEFFB9" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFD775B4AAEFE853445FF71" bold="true" box="[199,292,296,323]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Colour:</emphasis>
|
||
Head yellow; pronotum disc and lateral margin brownish black, with a yellowish spot, oblong, more or less large, placed on each side along the lateral margin; elytra black with yellow spots; antennae, legs yellow; antennal segments 1–4 of lighter shade; underside of body blackish brown; eyes brownish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED3694FFFD775B4AAEFE383074FFE1" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFD775B4AAEFE383471FF9D" bold="true" box="[199,272,405,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Head:</emphasis>
|
||
With a dark spot somewhat elongated towards the apex extending to the pronotum; two weak longitudinal impressions between the antennae; antennae about half the length of the body; eyes not protruding.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED3694FFFD775B4AAEFE70316AFC29" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFD775B4AAEFE703428FFC5" bold="true" box="[199,329,477,503]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Pronotum:</emphasis>
|
||
Subcordiform; contracted posteriorly; apical and basal margins straight; hind angles right angled, not protruding; median furrow distinct; a few scattered deep punctures on disc.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED3694FFFD775B4AAEFD883782FCB5" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFD775B4AAEFD88347CFC0D" bold="true" box="[199,285,549,575]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Elytra:</emphasis>
|
||
Nearly twice as wide as pronotum; enlarged towards apex, straight truncated at apex; striations wide, rounded, intervals flat; humeral spot rounded; transverse band rounded with weakly serrated edges; apical yellow band narrow, extends anteriorly along each striation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED3694FFFD775B4AAEFD3D3753FD6D" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFD775B4AAEFD3D3769FC99" bold="true" box="[199,520,656,683]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457604FFFD775B487AFD3C3706FC99" box="[531,615,657,683]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4996F876FFFD775B481DFD3C3660FC99" box="[628,769,657,683]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Anaimalai Hills, Kodaikanal, Thirunelveli, Chennai, Coimbatore, Ramanathapuram, Chengalpattu, Madurai, Thiruchirapalli (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFD775B49D0FD183115FCFD" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[953,1140,693,719]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" refId="ref18200" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1930) Catalogue of Indian Insects. Part 18. Carabidae. Government of India Central Publication Branch, Calcutta, xxi + 389 pp." type="book" year="1930">Andrewes 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4996F876FFFD775B4EE4FD183077FCFD" box="[1165,1302,693,719]" country="India" name="Puducherry" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Pondicherry</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFD775B4F40FD1835B2FCC1" author="Andrewes, H. E." pageId="5" pageNumber="70" refId="ref18200" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1930) Catalogue of Indian Insects. Part 18. Carabidae. Government of India Central Publication Branch, Calcutta, xxi + 389 pp." type="book" year="1930">Andrewes 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4996F876FFFD775B4A8EFD743457FCC1" box="[231,310,729,755]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Travancore (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFD775B4BA4FD7437E2FCC1" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[461,643,729,755]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" refId="ref18200" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1930) Catalogue of Indian Insects. Part 18. Carabidae. Government of India Central Publication Branch, Calcutta, xxi + 389 pp." type="book" year="1930">Andrewes 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Nilambur (New record), Palakkad (New record);
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4996F876FFFD775B4ED4FD743054FCC1" box="[1213,1333,729,755]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Mysore: Chikkabellapura (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFD775B4B08FD50377AFD25" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[353,539,765,791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" refId="ref18200" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1930) Catalogue of Indian Insects. Part 18. Carabidae. Government of India Central Publication Branch, Calcutta, xxi + 389 pp." type="book" year="1930">Andrewes 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4996F876FFFD775B4858FD5037A0FD25" box="[561,705,765,791]" country="India" name="Maharashtra" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Maharashtra</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Pune (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFD775B4971FD5036B0FD25" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[792,977,765,791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" refId="ref18200" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1930) Catalogue of Indian Insects. Part 18. Carabidae. Government of India Central Publication Branch, Calcutta, xxi + 389 pp." type="book" year="1930">Andrewes 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457604FFFD775B4981FD5031E2FD25" box="[1000,1155,765,791]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">SRI LANKA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Kitugalle (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFD775B4F63FD5030F1FD2A" author="Bates, H. W." box="[1290,1424,765,792]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" pagination="199 - 212" refId="ref18382" refString="Bates, H. W. (1886) On the Geodephagous Coleoptera collected by George Lewis in Ceylon. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany and Geology, 5 (17), 199 - 212. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938609460134" type="journal article" year="1886">Bates 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Udagama (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFD775B4B7DFC8C34ADFD09" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[276,460,801,827]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" refId="ref18200" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1930) Catalogue of Indian Insects. Part 18. Carabidae. Government of India Central Publication Branch, Calcutta, xxi + 389 pp." type="book" year="1930">Andrewes 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Weligama (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFD775B480DFC8C367CFD09" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[612,797,801,827]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" refId="ref18200" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1930) Catalogue of Indian Insects. Part 18. Carabidae. Government of India Central Publication Branch, Calcutta, xxi + 389 pp." type="book" year="1930">Andrewes 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Colombo (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFD775B49C5FC8C3104FD09" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[940,1125,801,827]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" refId="ref18200" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1930) Catalogue of Indian Insects. Part 18. Carabidae. Government of India Central Publication Branch, Calcutta, xxi + 389 pp." type="book" year="1930">Andrewes 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Elephant pass (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFD775B4F40FC8C35B2FD6D" author="Andrewes, H. E." pageId="5" pageNumber="70" refId="ref18200" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1930) Catalogue of Indian Insects. Part 18. Carabidae. Government of India Central Publication Branch, Calcutta, xxi + 389 pp." type="book" year="1930">Andrewes 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Avisawella (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFD775B4B06FCE83747FD6D" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[367,550,837,863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" refId="ref18200" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1930) Catalogue of Indian Insects. Part 18. Carabidae. Government of India Central Publication Branch, Calcutta, xxi + 389 pp." type="book" year="1930">Andrewes 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C348651FFFFD775B4AAEFCC437C3FDF9" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED3694FFFD775B4AAEFCC437C3FDF9" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFD775B4AAEFCC4345AFDB1" bold="true" box="[199,315,873,899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
In the subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D17FFFD775B4864FCC73647FDB1" authorityName="ARROW" authorityYear="1901" box="[525,806,873,899]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bimaculatus" subSpecies="posticalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFD775B4864FCC73647FDB1" box="[525,806,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="70">P. bimaculatus posticalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the elytral transverse band has united with the humeral spot and covers two-thirds of the elytra, the posterior third of elytra, the sutural line (expanded below the scutellum) and two vestiges below the humerus are black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |