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<document id="736C16A972E6225815BCD79160116486" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5514.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13849314" ID-ZooBank="F2D3EAD5-33F3-4D4C-A257-D942E1AEB6CA" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1727440832015" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Macgowan, Iain &amp; Tschirnhaus, Michael Von" docDate="2024" docId="03F4013A8B4C377EFF03FF34FA9E284A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5514.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5514 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5514.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Silba Macquart 1851" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="FFCD79428B5E376DFF94FFA3FFEF290B" masterDocTitle="Records of Lonchaeidae (Diptera, Cyclorrhapha) from Togo and other African countries, with descriptions of new species" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1727701123296" updateUser="valdenar" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="0E7B90159D38CF5ACEFD91074B95853A">Records of Lonchaeidae (Diptera, Cyclorrhapha) from Togo and other African countries, with descriptions of new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8A2A19A778D5E86FEC54C674116E2BA8">Macgowan, Iain</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3598FC11D2C8D566156366E64EED288B">Research Associate, National Museums of Scotland, Collection Centre, 242 West Granton Road, Edinburgh, Scotland. EH 5 1 JA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EAB5F8BB0433239F698EB8414C1F51F1">Tschirnhaus, Michael Von</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5A2629C1AED1DE46C6B0F4D012CA4474">Fakultät Biologie, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100 131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="3DC996F60065BB82B3E04787B41E29BD">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="F3D4C1C174049CE7679B4C6FA0F1C756" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5514.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F4013A8B4C377EFF03FF34FA9E284A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F4013A8B4C377EFF03FF34FA9E284A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4013A8B4C377EFF03FF34FA9E284A" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<subSubSection id="C347E3A78B4C377FFF03FF34FCAE2816" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE2B02C8B4C377FFF03FF34FE4B29BA" blockId="18.[151,420,151,178]" box="[151,420,151,178]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D0AA07408B4C377FFF03FF34FE4B29BA" bold="true" box="[151,420,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C5DCBAF8B4C377FFF03FF34FE4B29BA" ID-CoL="6452X" authority="Macquart, 1851" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,420,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Lonchaeidae" genus="Silba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9296C3E8B4C377FFF03FF34FE4B29BA" bold="true" box="[151,420,151,178]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B9296C3E8B4C377FFF03FF34FF3A29B9" bold="true" box="[151,213,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Silba</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCCDDD8B4C377FFF48FF34FE4B29BA" author="Macquart, P. J. M." box="[220,420,151,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="134 - 294" refId="ref13356" refString="Macquart, P. J. M. [as J.] (1851) Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Suite du 4. e supplement publie dans les Memoires de 1849 (concl.). Memoires de la Societe royale des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Arts de Lille, 1850, 134 - 294, pls. 15 - 28. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 107754 # page / 156 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1851">Macquart, 1851</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE2B02C8B4C377FFF03FF7CFCAE2816" blockId="18.[151,1436,223,286]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">This is the most speciose genus in the Afrotropical realm with some 42 species being recorded to date. In the majority of cases only males can be identified with certainty.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C347E3A78B4C377FFF03FEE8FB0B2882" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE2B02C8B4C377FFF03FEE8FB0B2882" blockId="18.[151,1436,331,394]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C5DCBAF8B4C377FFF03FEE8FEF6286E" authorityName="Macgowan &amp; Tschirnhaus" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,281,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Lonchaeidae" genus="Silba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akloa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9296C3E8B4C377FFF03FEE8FEF6286E" box="[151,281,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Silba akloa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9296C3E8B4C377FFEB0FEE8FE6F286E" bold="true" box="[292,384,331,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AD1458B4C377FFEB0FEE8FE6F286E" box="[292,384,331,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B35BA718B4C377FFE1FFEE8FB0F2882" collectorName="M. Tschirnhaus" county="Locality" elevation="280" latitude="7.5127" location="Domi" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="0.61" municipality="Akloa" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Plateaux">
<collectingCounty id="6283C8A08B4C377FFE1FFEE8FE02286E" box="[395,493,331,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Locality</collectingCounty>
:
<collectingRegion id="49997ECE8B4C377FFE6EFEE8FD05286E" box="[506,746,331,357]" country="Togo" name="Plateaux" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Région des Plateaux</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6B862A568B4C377FFD62FEE8FCD2286E" box="[758,829,331,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Akloa</collectingMunicipality>
, at creek
<location id="8E82E6F78B4C377FFC25FEE8FC1E286E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F4013A8B4C377EFF03FF34FA9E284A:8E82E6F78B4C377FFC25FEE8FC1E286E" box="[945,1009,331,357]" county="Locality" latitude="7.5127" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="0.61" municipality="Akloa" name="Domi" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Plateaux">Domi</location>
coming from the
<location id="8E82E6F78B4C377FFB53FEE8FA78286E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F4013A8B4C377EFF03FF34FA9E284A:8E82E6F78B4C377FFB53FEE8FA78286E" box="[1223,1431,331,357]" county="Locality" latitude="7.5127" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="0.61" municipality="Akloa" name="Cascades d'Akloa" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Plateaux">Cascades d’Akloa</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4C377FFF29FECCFEF12881" box="[189,286,367,394]" degrees="7.5127" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="7.5127">7.5127N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4C377FFEB1FECCFE972882" box="[293,376,367,393]" degrees="0.610" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="55" value="0.61">0.610E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="0070571F8B4C377FFE17FECCFDEF2882" box="[387,512,367,393]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="280.0">
<quantity id="4CA51DC98B4C377FFE17FECCFE2C2882" box="[387,451,367,393]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="280.0">280m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, plantation (cocoa, avocado), 22.4.200 8, leg.
<collectorName id="26A8D5FA8B4C377FFC6BFED3FB402882" box="[1023,1199,367,394]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">M. Tschirnhaus</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5B7BA58B4C377FFB2EFECCFB0F2882" box="[1210,1248,367,393]" count="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C347E3A78B4C377FFF03FE14FE8F2BFA" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE2B02C8B4C377FFF03FE14FD412B8E" blockId="18.[151,1437,439,753]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C5DCBAF8B4C377FFF03FE14FF1628D9" box="[151,249,439,466]" class="Insecta" family="Lonchaeidae" genus="Silba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9296C3E8B4C377FFF03FE14FF3E28DA" box="[151,209,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Silba</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C5DCBAF8B4C377FFEB4FE14FD9E28DA" ID-CoL="6YPC3" authority="McAlpine, 1960" authorityName="McAlpine" authorityYear="1960" box="[288,625,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Lonchaeidae" genus="Silba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcana">
<emphasis id="B9296C3E8B4C377FFEB4FE14FE5F28DA" box="[288,432,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Silba arcana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCCDDD8B4C377FFE2CFE14FD9E28DA" author="McAlpine, J. F." box="[440,625,439,465]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1950 - 1951" refId="ref13447" refString="McAlpine, J. F. (1960) Diptera (Brachycera): Lonchaeidae. In: Hanstrom, B., Brink, P. &amp; Rudebeck, G. (Eds.), South African Animal Life. Results of the Lund University Expedition in 1950 - 1951. Vol. 7. Almqvist and Wiksell, Goteborg, Stockholm and Uppsala, pp. 327 - 376." type="book chapter" year="1960">McAlpine, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
species-group (
<taxonomicName id="4C5DCBAF8B4C377FFCB1FE14FCB028DA" ID-CoL="6452X" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1851" box="[805,863,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Lonchaeidae" genus="Silba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9296C3E8B4C377FFCB1FE14FCB028DA" box="[805,863,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Silba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
):
<collectingRegion id="49997ECE8B4C377FFCECFE14FB8C28DA" box="[888,1123,439,465]" country="Togo" name="Plateaux" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Région des Plateaux</collectingRegion>
: Ouvêtsévé near Kpélé Élé,
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4C377FFF29FE78FEFF28FD" box="[189,272,475,502]" degrees="7.357" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="55" value="7.357">7.357N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4C377FFE8CFE78FE9728FD" box="[280,376,475,502]" degrees="0.8533" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="0.8533">0.8533E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CA51DC98B4C377FFE10FE78FE2C28FD" box="[388,451,475,502]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="345.0">345m</quantity>
a.s.l., creek bank within forest, diverse herb vegetation 15.4.200 8, leg. M. Tschirnhaus,
<specimenCount id="9D5B7BA58B4C377FFF29FE5CFF0C2B12" box="[189,227,511,537]" count="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
.
<collectingRegion id="49997ECE8B4C377FFF7BFE5CFE362B12" box="[239,473,511,537]" country="Togo" name="Plateaux" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Région des Plateaux</collectingRegion>
: Zogbégan, Ortsteil Zogbégan-Carriére (SE of Badou), at river/creek Elèbè, shady Vshaped valley downstream of village,
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4C377FFDE4FD80FD3E2B35" box="[624,721,547,574]" degrees="7.5805" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="7.5805">7.5805N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4C377FFD4EFD80FCD42B35" box="[730,827,547,574]" degrees="0.6675" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="0.6675">0.6675E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CA51DC98B4C377FFCDCFD80FC7E2B35" box="[840,913,547,574]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="650.0">650 m</quantity>
a.s.l., cocoa-plantation, remains of secondary rainforest, dense bank vegetation, mud and sparsely running water, dead wood, Malaise trap, leg. Menzel, Ssymank &amp; Tschirnhaus, 21–
<date id="FFE396EC8B4C377FFD90FDC8FD972B8E" box="[516,632,619,645]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2008-04-26">26.4.2008</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5B7BA58B4C377FFD10FDC8FD452B8E" box="[644,682,619,645]" count="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE2B02C8B4C377FFF29FD2CFE8F2BFA" blockId="18.[151,1437,439,753]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
The specimens recorded and illustrated here are similar, but not identical, to the
<typeStatus id="54E60E8E8B4C377FFBE2FD2CFB372BA2" box="[1142,1240,655,681]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
from
<collectingCountry id="F34AF0BC8B4C377FFAB0FD2CFA732BA2" box="[1316,1436,655,681]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCCDDD8B4C377FFECCFD10FDB72BC6" author="McAlpine, J. F." box="[344,600,691,717]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1950 - 1951" refId="ref13447" refString="McAlpine, J. F. (1960) Diptera (Brachycera): Lonchaeidae. In: Hanstrom, B., Brink, P. &amp; Rudebeck, G. (Eds.), South African Animal Life. Results of the Lund University Expedition in 1950 - 1951. Vol. 7. Almqvist and Wiksell, Goteborg, Stockholm and Uppsala, pp. 327 - 376." type="book chapter" year="1960">McAlpine (1960: 371)</bibRefCitation>
. As a result, until the situation is clarified, they are placed in the
<taxonomicName id="4C5DCBAF8B4C377FFAA6FD10FA732BC6" ID-CoL="6YPC3" authorityName="McAlpine" authorityYear="1960" box="[1330,1436,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Lonchaeidae" genus="Silba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcana">
<emphasis id="B9296C3E8B4C377FFAA6FD10FA732BC6" box="[1330,1436,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. arcana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C347E3A78B4C377FFF03FCBBFB502A5C" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE2B02C8B4C377FFF03FCBBFB502A5C" blockId="18.[151,1436,792,1035]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C5DCBAF8B4C377FFF03FCBBFED52A39" authorityName="Macgowan &amp; Tschirnhaus" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,314,792,818]" class="Insecta" family="Lonchaeidae" genus="Silba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bambesa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9296C3E8B4C377FFF03FCBBFED52A39" box="[151,314,792,818]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Silba bambesa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9296C3E8B4C377FFEABFCBAFE782A38" bold="true" box="[319,407,793,819]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AD1458B4C377FFEABFCBAFE782A38" box="[319,407,793,819]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B35BA718B4C377FFE08FCBBFB542A5C" collectorName="M. Tschirnhaus" county="Otandjobo" elevation="500" latitude="7.5783" location="river Otandjoboli" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="0.6936" municipality="Zogbegan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Plateaux">
<collectingRegion id="49997ECE8B4C377FFE08FCBBFD6D2A39" box="[412,642,792,818]" country="Togo" name="Plateaux" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Région des Plateaux</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="6283C8A08B4C377FFD1FFCBBFCEE2A39" box="[651,769,792,818]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Otandjobo</collectingCounty>
near
<collectingMunicipality id="6B862A568B4C377FFCA8FCBBFC432A39" box="[828,940,792,818]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Zogbégan</collectingMunicipality>
(
<locationDeviation id="9A50A90E8B4C377FFC2DFCBAFBA52A39" box="[953,1098,792,819]" location="Badou" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">SE of Badou</locationDeviation>
), at
<location id="8E82E6F78B4C377FFBE2FCBBFAD92A39" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F4013A8B4C377EFF03FF34FA9E284A:8E82E6F78B4C377FFBE2FCBBFAD92A39" box="[1142,1334,792,818]" county="Otandjobo" latitude="7.5783" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="0.6936" municipality="Zogbegan" name="river Otandjoboli" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Plateaux">river Otandjoboli</location>
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4C377FFAAFFCBBFA732A38" box="[1339,1436,792,819]" degrees="7.5783" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="7.5783">7.5783N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4C377FFF29FC9FFEF12A5D" box="[189,286,828,854]" degrees="0.6936" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="0.6936">0.6936E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="0070571F8B4C377FFEBDFC9FFE422A5D" box="[297,429,828,855]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="500.0">
<quantity id="4CA51DC98B4C377FFEBDFC9FFE9F2A5C" box="[297,368,828,855]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, at river, swept, cocoa plantation. 21.4.200 8, leg.
<collectorName id="26A8D5FA8B4C377FFC4EFC9EFB652A5D" box="[986,1162,828,855]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">M. Tschirnhaus</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5B7BA58B4C377FFB01FC9EFB542A5C" box="[1173,1211,829,855]" count="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C347E3A78B4C377FFF03FCC3FBD52D01" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE2B02C8B4C377FFF03FCC3FCAD2AEC" blockId="18.[151,1436,792,1035]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C5DCBAF8B4C377FFF03FCC3FDE72A70" ID-CoL="6YP4K" authority="MacGowan, 2005" authorityName="MacGowan" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,520,864,891]" class="Insecta" family="Lonchaeidae" genus="Silba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="figurata">
<emphasis id="B9296C3E8B4C377FFF03FCC3FEDB2A70" box="[151,308,864,891]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Silba figurata</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B35BA718B4C377FFEA9FCC2FDE72A70" box="[317,520,864,891]" collectingDate="2008-04-25" collectorName="M. Tschirnhaus" county="Zogbegan" elevation="650" latitude="7.5805" location="Elebe" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="0.6675" municipality="Zogbegan-Carriere" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Plateaux">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCCDDD8B4C377FFEA9FCC2FDE72A70" author="MacGowan, I." box="[317,520,864,891]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref13076" refString="MacGowan, I. (2005) New species of Lonchaeidae (Diptera: Schizophora) from central and southern Africa. Zootaxa, 967 (1), 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 967.1.1" type="journal article" year="2005">MacGowan, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C5DCBAF8B4C377FFD8FFCC3FDBA2A71" ID-CoL="6452X" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1851" box="[539,597,864,890]" class="Insecta" family="Lonchaeidae" genus="Silba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9296C3E8B4C377FFD8FFCC3FDBA2A71" box="[539,597,864,890]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Silba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
):
<collectingRegion id="49997ECE8B4C377FFDFBFCC3FCB22A71" box="[623,861,864,890]" country="Togo" name="Plateaux" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Région des Plateaux</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="6283C8A08B4C377FFCFDFCC3FC332A71" box="[873,988,864,890]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Zogbégan</collectingCounty>
, village part
<collectingMunicipality id="6B862A568B4C377FFBE7FCC3FAA72A71" box="[1139,1352,864,890]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Zogbégan-Carriére</collectingMunicipality>
(
<locationDeviation id="9A50A90E8B4C377FFACEFCC2FEE52A95" location="Badou" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">SE of Badou</locationDeviation>
), at creek
<location id="8E82E6F78B4C377FFEE9FC27FE2F2A95" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F4013A8B4C377EFF03FF34FA9E284A:8E82E6F78B4C377FFEE9FC27FE2F2A95" box="[381,448,900,926]" county="Zogbegan" latitude="7.5805" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="0.6675" municipality="Zogbegan-Carriere" name="Elebe" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Plateaux">Elèbè</location>
, V-shaped valley near cocoa-plantation downstream of village,
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4C377FFB1CFC27FB062A94" box="[1160,1257,900,927]" degrees="7.5805" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="7.5805">7.5805N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4C377FFB64FC27FABE2A94" box="[1264,1361,900,927]" degrees="0.6675" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="0.6675">0.6675E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="0070571F8B4C377FFAC8FC27FF1C2AC9" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="650.0">
<quantity id="4CA51DC98B4C377FFAC8FC27FA732A94" box="[1372,1436,900,927]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="650.0">650m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, remains of secondary rainforest, dense bank vegetation, dead wood, leaf litter, mud and sparsely running water near creek, 20–
<date id="FFE396EC8B4C377FFE3AFC6FFDCE2AEC" box="[430,545,972,999]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2008-04-25">
<collectingDate id="EFA76F048B4C377FFE3AFC6FFDCE2AEC" box="[430,545,972,999]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2008-04-25">25.4.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="26A8D5FA8B4C377FFDC8FC6EFCE22AED" box="[604,781,972,999]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">M. Tschirnhaus</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5B7BA58B4C377FFC8CFC6EFCD22AEC" box="[792,829,973,999]" count="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE2B02C8B4C377FFF29FC53FBD52D01" blockId="18.[151,1436,792,1035]" box="[189,1082,1008,1035]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Previously known from a single male collected in the Budongo Forest,
<collectingCountry id="F34AF0BC8B4C377FFC4FFC53FBD92D01" box="[987,1078,1008,1034]" name="Uganda" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Uganda</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C347E3A78B4C377FFF03FB9BFD952EF0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE2B02C8B4C377FFF03FB9BFAEB2DE8" blockId="18.[151,1437,1080,1251]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C5DCBAF8B4C377FFF03FB9BFEA52D59" authorityName="Macgowan &amp; Tschirnhaus" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,330,1080,1106]" class="Insecta" family="Lonchaeidae" genus="Silba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kakamega" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9296C3E8B4C377FFF03FB9BFEA52D59" box="[151,330,1080,1106]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Silba kakamega</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9296C3E8B4C377FFEC5FB9AFE442D58" bold="true" box="[337,427,1081,1107]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AD1458B4C377FFEC5FB9AFE442D58" box="[337,427,1081,1107]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B35BA718B4C377FFE26FB9BFD842D7D" collectorName="de Kpime" elevation="300" latitude="7.008" location="Cascade de Kpime" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="0.6458" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Plateaux">
<collectingRegion id="49997ECE8B4C377FFE26FB9BFD732D59" box="[434,668,1080,1106]" country="Togo" name="Plateaux" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Région des Plateaux</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="8E82E6F78B4C377FFD33FB9BFC962D59" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F4013A8B4C377EFF03FF34FA9E284A:8E82E6F78B4C377FFD33FB9BFC962D59" box="[679,889,1080,1106]" latitude="7.008" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="0.6458" name="Cascade de Kpime" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Plateaux">
Cascade
<collectorName id="26A8D5FA8B4C377FFC98FB9BFC962D59" box="[780,889,1080,1106]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">de Kpimé</collectorName>
</location>
<locationDeviation id="9A50A90E8B4C377FFC15FB9AFBFA2D59" box="[897,1045,1080,1107]" location="Huime." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">W of Huimé.</locationDeviation>
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4C377FFB8FFB9AFB812D58" box="[1051,1134,1081,1107]" degrees="7.008" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="55" value="7.008">7.008N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4C377FFBE2FB9BFB392D58" box="[1142,1238,1080,1107]" degrees="0.6458" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="0.6458">0.6458E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="0070571F8B4C377FFB76FB9AFAB02D59" box="[1250,1375,1080,1107]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="300.0">
<quantity id="4CA51DC98B4C377FFB76FB9AFACD2D58" box="[1250,1314,1081,1107]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="300.0">300m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, path to waterfall, road side, 16.4.2008.1
<specimenCount id="9D5B7BA58B4C377FFDCCFBFFFD842D7D" box="[600,619,1116,1142]" count="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B35BA718B4C377FFDEDFBFFFF0C2DB4" collectorName="M. Tschirnhaus" elevation="310" latitude="7.6216" location="Egnulu-Agbadja" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="0.6036" municipality="Abriwa-Nko" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Plateaux">
<collectingRegion id="49997ECE8B4C377FFDEDFBFFFC852D7D" box="[633,874,1116,1142]" country="Togo" name="Plateaux" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Région des Plateaux</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6B862A568B4C377FFCE2FBFFFBE92D7D" box="[886,1030,1116,1142]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Abriwa-Nko</collectingMunicipality>
, about
<locationDeviation id="9A50A90E8B4C377FFBCAFBFFFADD2D7D" box="[1118,1330,1116,1143]" location="Badou" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<quantity id="4CA51DC98B4C377FFBCAFBFFFB742D7D" box="[1118,1179,1116,1143]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
N of Badou
</locationDeviation>
, at creek
<location id="8E82E6F78B4C377FFF29FB21FE992D96" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F4013A8B4C377EFF03FF34FA9E284A:8E82E6F78B4C377FFF29FB21FE992D96" box="[189,374,1154,1181]" latitude="7.6216" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="0.6036" municipality="Abriwa-Nko" name="Egnulu-Agbadja" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Plateaux">Ègnulu-Agbadja</location>
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4C377FFE14FB23FE0E2D91" box="[384,481,1152,1178]" degrees="7.6216" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="7.6216">7.6216N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4C377FFE7EFB23FDA42D91" box="[490,587,1152,1178]" degrees="0.6036" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="0.6036">0.6036E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="0070571F8B4C377FFDCDFB22FD372D91" box="[601,728,1152,1179]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="310.0">
<quantity id="4CA51DC98B4C377FFDCDFB22FD762D90" box="[601,665,1153,1179]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="310.0">310m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, plantation (cocoa, avocado). 24.4.200 8, leg.
<collectorName id="26A8D5FA8B4C377FFB71FB22FA772D91" box="[1253,1432,1152,1179]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">M. Tschirnhaus</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5B7BA58B4C377FFF29FB06FF0C2DB4" box="[189,227,1189,1215]" count="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B35BA718B4C377FFF7AFB07FB102DE8" collectorName="M. Tschirnhaus" elevation="520" latitude="7.558" location="Adossou" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="0.6855" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Plateaux">
<collectingRegion id="49997ECE8B4C377FFF7AFB07FE372DB5" box="[238,472,1188,1214]" country="Togo" name="Plateaux" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Région des Plateaux</collectingRegion>
:
<quantity id="4CA51DC98B4C377FFE76FB06FDF42DB5" box="[482,539,1188,1215]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
distance from
<location id="8E82E6F78B4C377FFD55FB07FCCC2DB5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F4013A8B4C377EFF03FF34FA9E284A:8E82E6F78B4C377FFD55FB07FCCC2DB5" box="[705,803,1188,1214]" latitude="7.558" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="0.6855" name="Adossou" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Plateaux">Adossou</location>
<locationDeviation id="9A50A90E8B4C377FFCBFFB06FC0E2DB5" box="[811,993,1188,1215]" location="Zogbegan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">SE of Zogbégan</locationDeviation>
(
<locationDeviation id="9A50A90E8B4C377FFC64FB06FB6A2DB5" box="[1008,1157,1188,1215]" location="Badou" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">SE of Badou</locationDeviation>
), at creek Olabè.
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4C377FFADDFB07FA732DB4" box="[1353,1436,1188,1215]" degrees="7.558" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="55" value="7.558">7.558N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4C377FFF29FB6BFEF12DE8" box="[189,286,1224,1251]" degrees="0.6855" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="0.6855">0.6855E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="0070571F8B4C377FFEBDFB6BFE492DE9" box="[297,422,1224,1251]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="520.0">
<quantity id="4CA51DC98B4C377FFEBDFB6BFE862DE8" box="[297,361,1224,1251]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="520.0">520m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, aspirated from fresh human excrement, 25.4.200 8, leg.
<collectorName id="26A8D5FA8B4C377FFB8BFB6AFB202DE9" box="[1055,1231,1224,1251]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">M. Tschirnhaus</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5B7BA58B4C377FFB4EFB6AFB102DE8" box="[1242,1279,1225,1251]" count="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE2B02C8B4C377FFF03FAB3FA752CB0" blockId="18.[151,1436,1296,1467]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C5DCBAF8B4C377FFF03FAB3FEA72C21" authorityName="Macgowan &amp; Tschirnhaus" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,328,1296,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Lonchaeidae" genus="Silba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="otandjobo" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9296C3E8B4C377FFF03FAB3FEA72C21" box="[151,328,1296,1322]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Silba otandjobo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9296C3E8B4C377FFEC6FAB2FE422C20" bold="true" box="[338,429,1297,1323]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AD1458B4C377FFEC6FAB2FE422C20" box="[338,429,1297,1323]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B35BA718B4C377FFE22FAB3FD9C2C9C" collectingDate="2008-04-25" collectorName="M. Tschirnhaus" county="Zogbegan" elevation="650" latitude="7.5805" location="Elebe" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="0.6675" municipality="Zogbegan-Carriere" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Plateaux">
<collectingRegion id="49997ECE8B4C377FFE22FAB3FD4E2C21" box="[438,673,1296,1322]" country="Togo" name="Plateaux" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Région des Plateaux</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="6283C8A08B4C377FFD39FAB3FCF12C21" box="[685,798,1296,1322]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Zogbégan</collectingCounty>
, village part
<collectingMunicipality id="6B862A568B4C377FFC20FAB3FB6A2C21" box="[948,1157,1296,1322]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Zogbégan-Carriére</collectingMunicipality>
(
<locationDeviation id="9A50A90E8B4C377FFB02FAB2FAC12C21" box="[1174,1326,1296,1323]" location="Badou" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">SE of Badou</locationDeviation>
), at creek
<location id="8E82E6F78B4C377FFF29FA97FF112C45" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F4013A8B4C377EFF03FF34FA9E284A:8E82E6F78B4C377FFF29FA97FF112C45" box="[189,254,1332,1358]" county="Zogbegan" latitude="7.5805" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="0.6675" municipality="Zogbegan-Carriere" name="Elebe" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Plateaux">Elèbè</location>
, V-shaped valley near cocoa-plantation downstream of village,
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4C377FFC53FA97FBC82C44" box="[967,1063,1332,1359]" degrees="7.5805" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="7.5805">7.5805N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4C377FFBBBFA97FB612C44" box="[1071,1166,1332,1359]" degrees="0.6675" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="0.6675">0.6675E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="0070571F8B4C377FFB0FFA97FAF82C45" box="[1179,1303,1332,1359]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="650.0">
<quantity id="4CA51DC98B4C377FFB0FFA97FB352C44" box="[1179,1242,1332,1359]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="650.0">650m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, remains of secondary rainforest, dense bank vegetation, dead wood, leaf litter, mud and sparsely running water near creek, 20–
<date id="FFE396EC8B4C377FFF73FADFFEB82C9C" box="[231,343,1404,1431]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2008-04-25">
<collectingDate id="EFA76F048B4C377FFF73FADFFEB82C9C" box="[231,343,1404,1431]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2008-04-25">25.4.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="26A8D5FA8B4C377FFE00FADEFDAD2C9D" box="[404,578,1404,1431]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">M. Tschirnhaus</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5B7BA58B4C377FFDDAFADEFD9C2C9C" box="[590,627,1405,1431]" count="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B35BA718B4C377FFD14FADFFA792CB0" collectorName="M. Tschirnhaus" county="Otandjobo" elevation="500" latitude="7.5783" location="river Otandjoboli" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="0.6936" municipality="Zogbegan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Plateaux">
<collectingRegion id="49997ECE8B4C377FFD14FADFFC882C9D" box="[640,871,1404,1430]" country="Togo" name="Plateaux" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Région des Plateaux</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="6283C8A08B4C377FFCE6FADFFC092C9D" box="[882,998,1404,1430]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Otandjobo</collectingCounty>
near
<collectingMunicipality id="6B862A568B4C377FFBB2FADFFB7B2C9D" box="[1062,1172,1404,1430]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Zogbégan</collectingMunicipality>
(
<locationDeviation id="9A50A90E8B4C377FFB30FADEFAD72C9D" box="[1188,1336,1404,1431]" location="Badou" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">SE of Badou</locationDeviation>
), at
<location id="8E82E6F78B4C377FFAFCFADFFEAF2CB1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F4013A8B4C377EFF03FF34FA9E284A:8E82E6F78B4C377FFAFCFADFFEAF2CB1" county="Otandjobo" latitude="7.5783" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="0.6936" municipality="Zogbegan" name="river Otandjoboli" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Plateaux">river Otandjoboli</location>
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4C377FFED3FA03FE482CB0" box="[327,423,1440,1467]" degrees="7.5783" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="7.5783">7.5783N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4C377FFE39FA03FDE32CB1" box="[429,524,1440,1466]" degrees="0.6936" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="0.6936">0.6936E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="0070571F8B4C377FFD83FA03FD772CB1" box="[535,664,1440,1467]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="500.0">
<quantity id="4CA51DC98B4C377FFD83FA03FDB32CB0" box="[535,604,1440,1467]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, at river, swept, cocoa plantation. 21.4.200 8, leg.
<collectorName id="26A8D5FA8B4C377FFB2EFA02FA882CB1" box="[1210,1383,1440,1467]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">M. Tschirnhaus</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5B7BA58B4C377FFAE5FA02FA792CB0" box="[1393,1430,1441,1467]" count="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE2B02C8B4C377FFF03FA4BFD0A2F40" blockId="18.[151,1436,1512,1611]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C5DCBAF8B4C377FFF03FA4BFEAC2F09" authorityName="Macgowan &amp; Tschirnhaus" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,323,1512,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Lonchaeidae" genus="Silba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="togoensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9296C3E8B4C377FFF03FA4BFEAC2F09" box="[151,323,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Silba togoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9296C3E8B4C377FFEDFFA4AFE492F08" bold="true" box="[331,422,1513,1539]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AD1458B4C377FFEDFFA4AFE492F08" box="[331,422,1513,1539]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B35BA718B4C377FFE3BFA4BFD0F2F40" collectorName="M. Tschirnhaus" country="Ghana" elevation="180" latitude="7.703" location="Region des Plateaux" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="0.5905" municipality="river Wawa" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<location id="8E82E6F78B4C377FFE3BFA4BFD742F09" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F4013A8B4C377EFF03FF34FA9E284A:8E82E6F78B4C377FFE3BFA4BFD742F09" box="[431,667,1512,1538]" country="Ghana" latitude="7.703" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="0.5905" municipality="river Wawa" name="Region des Plateaux" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Région des Plateaux</location>
:
<locationDeviation id="9A50A90E8B4C377FFD32FA4AFC602F09" box="[678,911,1512,1539]" location="Kessibo-Wawa" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N of Kessibo-Wawa</locationDeviation>
, at the border to
<collectingCountry id="F34AF0BC8B4C377FFBC6FA4BFB742F09" box="[1106,1179,1512,1538]" name="Ghana" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ghana</collectingCountry>
(
<locationDeviation id="9A50A90E8B4C377FFB3FFA4AFAD92F09" box="[1195,1334,1512,1539]" location="Badou" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N of Badou</locationDeviation>
), at
<collectingMunicipality id="6B862A568B4C377FFAF3FA4BFEEA2F2C" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">river Wawa</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4C377FFE9BF9AEFE8D2F2C" box="[271,354,1549,1575]" degrees="7.703" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="55" value="7.703">7.703N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4C377FFEFDF9AFFE262F2C" box="[361,457,1548,1575]" degrees="0.5905" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="0.5905">0.5905E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="0070571F8B4C377FFE40F9AEFDA02F2D" box="[468,591,1548,1575]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="180.0">
<quantity id="4CA51DC98B4C377FFE40F9AEFDFB2F2C" box="[468,532,1549,1575]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="180.0">180m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, forest understory, cocoa plantation, and sun exposed vegetable fields, some
<taxonomicName id="4C5DCBAF8B4C377FFF29F992FEAC2F40" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[189,323,1585,1611]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B9296C3E8B4C377FFF29F992FEAC2F40" box="[189,323,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Cyperaceae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 24.4.200 8, leg.
<collectorName id="26A8D5FA8B4C377FFE6BF992FD402F41" box="[511,687,1584,1611]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">M. Tschirnhaus</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5B7BA58B4C377FFD2EF992FD0F2F40" box="[698,736,1585,1611]" count="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE2B02C8B4C377FFF03F9DBFCF22FBC" blockId="18.[151,1436,1656,1719]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C5DCBAF8B4C377FFF03F9DBFEF32F99" authorityName="Macgowan &amp; Tschirnhaus" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,284,1656,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Lonchaeidae" genus="Silba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="media" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9296C3E8B4C377FFF03F9DBFEF32F99" box="[151,284,1656,1682]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Silba media</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9296C3E8B4C377FFEB0F9DAFE912F98" bold="true" box="[292,382,1657,1683]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AD1458B4C377FFEB0F9DAFE912F98" box="[292,382,1657,1683]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B35BA718B4C377FFE12F9DBFCF62FBC" collectorName="M. Tschirnhaus" latitude="7.6488" location="Djodji" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="0.5952" municipality="Kodjo-Kope" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Plateaux">
<collectingRegion id="49997ECE8B4C377FFE12F9DBFD9F2F99" box="[390,624,1656,1682]" country="Togo" name="Plateaux" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Région des Plateaux</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6B862A568B4C377FFDEFF9DBFCE82F99" box="[635,775,1656,1682]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Kodjo-Kopé</collectingMunicipality>
<locationDeviation id="9A50A90E8B4C377FFC9AF9DAFC7A2F99" box="[782,917,1656,1683]" location="Badou" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N of Badou</locationDeviation>
, at creek
<location id="8E82E6F78B4C377FFB95F9DBFBA32F99" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F4013A8B4C377EFF03FF34FA9E284A:8E82E6F78B4C377FFB95F9DBFBA32F99" box="[1025,1100,1656,1682]" latitude="7.6488" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="0.5952" municipality="Kodjo-Kope" name="Djodji" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Plateaux">Djodji</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4C377FFBC3F9DBFB572F99" box="[1111,1208,1656,1682]" degrees="7.6488" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="7.6488">7.6488N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4C377FFB54F9DBFACF2F98" box="[1216,1312,1656,1683]" degrees="0.5952" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="0.5952">0.5952E</geoCoordinate>
, plantation (cocoa, oil palm), 24.4.200 8, leg.
<collectorName id="26A8D5FA8B4C377FFDACF93EFD072FBD" box="[568,744,1692,1719]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">M. Tschirnhaus</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5B7BA58B4C377FFD67F93EFCF62FBC" box="[755,793,1693,1719]" count="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE2B02C8B4C377FFF03F947FC9D2E4C" blockId="18.[151,1436,1764,1863]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C5DCBAF8B4C377FFF03F947FEC52FF4" authorityName="Macgowan &amp; Tschirnhaus" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,298,1764,1791]" class="Insecta" family="Lonchaeidae" genus="Silba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsifama" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9296C3E8B4C377FFF03F947FEC52FF4" box="[151,298,1764,1791]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Silba tsifama</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9296C3E8B4C377FFEA6F946FE642FF4" bold="true" box="[306,395,1765,1791]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AD1458B4C377FFEA6F946FE642FF4" box="[306,395,1765,1791]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B35BA718B4C377FFE06F947FC832E4C" collectorName="Tsifama W. &amp; M. Tschirnhaus" elevation="575" latitude="8.1647" location="Diguina Konta" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="0.8077" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Central">
<collectingRegion id="49997ECE8B4C377FFE06F947FDB22FF4" box="[402,605,1764,1791]" country="Ghana" name="Central" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Région du Centre</collectingRegion>
:
<collectorName id="26A8D5FA8B4C377FFDF3F947FD092FF4" box="[615,742,1764,1791]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Tsifama W.</collectorName>
of
<location id="8E82E6F78B4C377FFC98F947FC5E2FF4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F4013A8B4C377EFF03FF34FA9E284A:8E82E6F78B4C377FFC98F947FC5E2FF4" box="[780,945,1764,1791]" latitude="8.1647" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="0.8077" name="Diguina Konta" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Central">Diguina Konta</location>
(
<locationDeviation id="9A50A90E8B4C377FFC54F946FBBC2FF5" box="[960,1107,1764,1791]" location="Blitta" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">SW of Blitta</locationDeviation>
), at creek Kpentsro.
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4C377FFAAFF947FA732FF5" box="[1339,1436,1764,1790]" degrees="8.1647" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="8.1647">8.1647N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4C377FFF29F8AAFEF12E28" box="[189,286,1801,1827]" degrees="0.8077" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="0.8077">0.8077E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="0070571F8B4C377FFEBAF8ABFE402E29" box="[302,431,1800,1827]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="575.0">
<quantity id="4CA51DC98B4C377FFEBAF8ABFE822E28" box="[302,365,1800,1827]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="575.0">575m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, remains of secondary rainforest, aspirated from spittle droplets
<collectedFrom id="3841F3D18B4C377FFB3FF8AAFA732E29" box="[1195,1436,1800,1827]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
on
<taxonomicName id="4C5DCBAF8B4C377FFB47F8ABFA732E29" box="[1235,1436,1800,1826]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anubias" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis id="B9296C3E8B4C377FFB47F8ABFA732E29" box="[1235,1436,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Anubias gigantea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C5DCBAF8B4C377FFF51F88EFECB2E4C" box="[197,292,1837,1863]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
) near creek, 28.4.200 8, leg.
<collectorName id="26A8D5FA8B4C377FFDF6F88EFCFC2E4D" box="[610,787,1836,1863]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">M. Tschirnhaus</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5B7BA58B4C377FFC8AF88EFCAF2E4C" box="[798,832,1837,1863]" count="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D5B7BA58B4C377FFCDCF88EFC832E4C" box="[840,876,1837,1863]" count="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE2B02C8B4C377FFF03F8D7FD952EF0" blockId="18.[151,1437,1908,2043]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C5DCBAF8B4C377FFF03F8D7FEA32E85" authorityName="Macgowan &amp; Tschirnhaus" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,332,1908,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Lonchaeidae" genus="Silba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zogbegani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9296C3E8B4C377FFF03F8D7FEA32E85" box="[151,332,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Silba zogbegani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9296C3E8B4C377FFEC0F8D6FE412E84" bold="true" box="[340,430,1909,1935]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AD1458B4C377FFEC0F8D6FE412E84" box="[340,430,1909,1935]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B35BA718B4C377FFE22F8D7FD992EF0" collectingDate="2008-04-25" collectorName="M. Tschirnhaus" county="Zogbegan" elevation="650" latitude="7.5805" location="Elebe" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="0.6675" municipality="Zogbegan-Carriere" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Plateaux">
<collectingRegion id="49997ECE8B4C377FFE22F8D7FD4D2E85" box="[438,674,1908,1934]" country="Togo" name="Plateaux" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Région des Plateaux</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="6283C8A08B4C377FFD39F8D7FCCF2E85" box="[685,800,1908,1934]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Zogbégan</collectingCounty>
, village part
<collectingMunicipality id="6B862A568B4C377FFC20F8D7FB662E85" box="[948,1161,1908,1934]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Zogbégan-Carriére</collectingMunicipality>
(
<locationDeviation id="9A50A90E8B4C377FFB0CF8D6FAC02E85" box="[1176,1327,1908,1935]" location="Badou" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">SE of Badou</locationDeviation>
), at creek
<location id="8E82E6F78B4C377FFF29F83BFEEF2EB9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F4013A8B4C377EFF03FF34FA9E284A:8E82E6F78B4C377FFF29F83BFEEF2EB9" box="[189,256,1944,1970]" county="Zogbegan" latitude="7.5805" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="0.6675" municipality="Zogbegan-Carriere" name="Elebe" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Plateaux">Elèbè</location>
, V-shaped valley near cocoa-plantation downstream of village,
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4C377FFC53F83BFBC62EB8" box="[967,1065,1944,1971]" degrees="7.5805" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="7.5805">7.5805N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4C377FFBA4F83BFB7F2EB8" box="[1072,1168,1944,1971]" degrees="0.6675" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="5" value="0.6675">0.6675E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="0070571F8B4C377FFB08F83BFAF62EB9" box="[1180,1305,1944,1971]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="650.0">
<quantity id="4CA51DC98B4C377FFB08F83BFB332EB8" box="[1180,1244,1944,1971]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="650.0">650m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, remains of secondary rainforest, dense bank vegetation, dead wood, leaf litter, mud and sparsely running water near creek, 20–
<date id="FFE396EC8B4C377FFF73F843FEB52EF0" box="[231,346,2016,2043]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2008-04-25">
<collectingDate id="EFA76F048B4C377FFF73F843FEB52EF0" box="[231,346,2016,2043]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2008-04-25">25.4.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="26A8D5FA8B4C377FFE01F842FDA92EF1" box="[405,582,2016,2043]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">M. Tschirnhaus</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5B7BA58B4C377FFDC5F842FD992EF0" box="[593,630,2017,2043]" count="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C347E3A78B4D377EFF03FF18FA9E284A" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE2B02C8B4D377EFF03FF18FBD62816" blockId="19.[151,1436,186,321]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C5DCBAF8B4D377EFF03FF18FE1E29DE" ID-CoL="4XBHG" authority="Macquart, 1851" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,497,186,213]" class="Insecta" family="Lonchaeidae" genus="Silba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virescens">
<emphasis id="B9296C3E8B4D377EFF03FF18FED229DF" box="[151,317,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Silba virescens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCCDDD8B4D377EFED6FF18FE1E29DE" author="Macquart, P. J. M." box="[322,497,186,213]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="134 - 294" refId="ref13356" refString="Macquart, P. J. M. [as J.] (1851) Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Suite du 4. e supplement publie dans les Memoires de 1849 (concl.). Memoires de la Societe royale des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Arts de Lille, 1850, 134 - 294, pls. 15 - 28. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 107754 # page / 156 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1851">Macquart, 1851</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C5DCBAF8B4D377EFE6BFF18FDD629DE" ID-CoL="6452X" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1851" box="[511,569,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Lonchaeidae" genus="Silba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9296C3E8B4D377EFE6BFF18FDD629DE" box="[511,569,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Silba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
):
<collectingRegion id="49997ECE8B4D377EFDDBFF18FCC029DE" box="[591,815,187,213]" country="Togo" name="Plateaux" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Région des Plateaux</collectingRegion>
<collectingMunicipality id="6B862A568B4D377EFCA7FF18FC4629DE" box="[819,937,187,213]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Atakpamé</collectingMunicipality>
, edge of town, creek below
<location id="8E82E6F78B4D377EFB43FF18FA7729DE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F4013A8B4C377EFF03FF34FA9E284A:8E82E6F78B4D377EFB43FF18FA7729DE" box="[1239,1432,187,213]" latitude="7.522" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="1.1366" municipality="Atakpame" name="Catholic Mission" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Plateaux">Catholic Mission</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4D377EFF29FF7DFEFF29F2" box="[189,272,222,249]" degrees="7.522" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="55" value="7.522">7.522N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE69D6EB8B4D377EFE8CFF7CFE9629F2" box="[280,377,223,249]" degrees="1.1366" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="5" value="1.1366">1.1366E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="0070571F8B4D377EFE11FF7CFDED29F2" box="[389,514,223,249]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="290.0">
<quantity id="4CA51DC98B4D377EFE11FF7CFE2A29F2" box="[389,453,223,249]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="290.0">290m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, ruderal area and adjacent vegetable gardens, dense bank vegetation with rubbish (
<figureCitation id="1366ACA98B4D377EFF51FEA0FEFB2816" box="[197,276,259,285]" captionStart="PLATE 3" captionStartId="23.[152,238,1080,1104]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1056]" captionTargetId="figure-31@23.[151,1436,181,1056]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="PLATE 3. Collecting site 1869 with maximal catch of Lonchaeidae in a Malaise trap." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13849586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13849586/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Plate 3</figureCitation>
),
<collectingMethod id="521CC83B8B4D377EFEBFFEA0FE572816" box="[299,440,259,285]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
, 9–
<date id="FFE396EC8B4D377EFE74FEA0FDBC2816" box="[480,595,259,285]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2008-04-13">
<collectingDate id="EFA76F048B4D377EFE74FEA0FDBC2816" box="[480,595,259,285]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2008-04-13">13.4.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="26A8D5FA8B4D377EFD1AFEA0FD0A2816" box="[654,741,259,285]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Menzel</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26A8D5FA8B4D377EFD64FEA0FCB82816" box="[752,855,259,285]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ssymank</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26A8D5FA8B4D377EFCEEFEA0FBEB2816" box="[890,1028,259,285]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Tschirnhaus</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5B7BA58B4D377EFB9BFEA0FBDA2816" box="[1039,1077,259,285]" count="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE2B02C8B4D377EFF29FE84FA9E284A" blockId="19.[151,1436,186,321]" box="[189,1393,295,321]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A widespread Afrotropical species with records extending into the Mediterranean area and the Middle East.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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