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126 lines
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<document id="2B60CD166821E4E7CC5AAE312B0AE96E" ID-CLB-Dataset="31608" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4344.2.11" ID-GBIF-Dataset="eadc6621-31b2-41a1-b248-8bb38bd75d09" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1042988" ID-ZooBank="B1B682B2-C9F1-4CF9-B57F-CA45B1F87B46" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1510040820721" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wagner, Daniel & Shuler, Andrew" docDate="2017" docId="03EEED386A3AFFB26ECB9E19B7C64291" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4344.2.11.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4344 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Antipathes Pallas 1766" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="368" masterDocId="FFD795406A3BFFB06E5C994DB7734319" masterDocTitle="The black coral fauna (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) of Bermuda with new records" masterLastPageNumber="379" masterPageNumber="367" pageNumber="368" updateTime="1698480813510" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B7EEFFDC4BD9619E5901A36B1FD269A7">The black coral fauna (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) of Bermuda with new records</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="574ED15649100B0D0652E197088E44D8">Wagner, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7F910C166D394D873F2E10CAB146721F">Shuler, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="473344EF3DBC7270E5D7D920532FA4AB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C77A415F5B2F3DA0B958248CB08B962D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="71CFA375C28D71479F683F988E1F4AF1">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="261941959ED3924372688133BA80F2F7">2017-11-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1BB497FD0D43536CE3BCEA9823D75B64">4344</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03EEED386A3AFFB26ECB9E19B7C64291" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6035214" ID-GBIF-Taxon="137252751" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6035214" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EEED386A3AFFB26ECB9E19B7C64291" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EEED386A3AFFB26ECB9E19B7C64291" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="368" pageId="1" pageNumber="368">
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<subSubSection id="C35D0FA56A3AFFB16ECB9E19B57F4477" box="[151,524,1876,1902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="368" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF85C2E6A3AFFB16ECB9E19B57F4477" blockId="1.[151,524,1876,1902]" box="[151,524,1876,1902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="368">
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<heading id="D0B0EB426A3AFFB16ECB9E19B57F4477" bold="true" box="[151,524,1876,1902]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="368" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B933803C6A3AFFB16ECB9E19B57F4477" bold="true" box="[151,524,1876,1902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="368">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C4727AD6A3AFFB16EB29E19B57F4477" ID-CoL="7NP9P" authority="Pallas, 1766" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1766" box="[238,524,1876,1902]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="1" pageNumber="368" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B933803C6A3AFFB16EB29E19B6034477" bold="true" box="[238,368,1876,1902]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="368">Antipathes</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A3AFFB16F2B9E19B57F4477" author="Pallas" box="[375,524,1876,1902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="368" refString="Pallas, P. S. (1766) Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succinctas descriptiones cum selectis auctorum synonymis. Hagae-Comitum, Frankfurt am Main, 500 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6595" type="book" year="1766">Pallas, 1766</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35D0FA56A3AFFB26ECB9ED7B7C64291" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="369" pageId="1" pageNumber="368" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF85C2E6A3AFFB26ECB9ED7B7C64291" blockId="1.[151,1436,1946,2007]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="369" pageId="1" pageNumber="368">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4727AD6A3AFFB16ECB9ED7B67C44AA" ID-CoL="7NP9P" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1766" box="[151,271,1946,1971]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="1" pageNumber="368" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B933803C6A3AFFB16ECB9ED7B67C44AA" box="[151,271,1946,1971]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="368">Antipathes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the oldest black coral genus, and is distinguished by colonies that are branched, with branching patterns varying from fan-shaped to bushy (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A3AFFB16CEA9EF3B48844CE" author="Opresko" box="[694,1019,1982,2007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="368" refString="Opresko, D. M. & Sanchez, J. A. (2005) Caribbean shallow-water black corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia). Caribbean Journal of Science, 41, 492 - 507." type="journal article" year="2005">Opresko & Sanchez, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A3AFFB16A4C9EF3B3B144CE" author="Opresko" box="[1040,1218,1982,2007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="368" refString="Opresko, D. M. (1972) Redescriptions and reevaluations of the antipatharians described by L. F. de Pourtales. Bulletin of Marine Science, 22, 950 - 1017." type="journal article" year="1972">Opresko, 1972</bibRefCitation>
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). Like the family
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<taxonomicName id="4C4727AD6A39FFB26ECB99DAB65843A9" ID-CoL="7NFXZ" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1834" box="[151,299,151,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Antipathidae</taxonomicName>
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, the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C4727AD6A39FFB26FF499DAB55343A9" ID-CoL="7NP9P" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1766" box="[424,544,151,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B933803C6A39FFB26FF499DAB55343A9" box="[424,544,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Antipathes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is considered a taxonomic dumping ground that includes highly heterogeneous forms (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A39FFB26EBA99F1B53543CD" author="Opresko" box="[230,582,188,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" refString="Opresko, D. M. & Baron-Szabo, R. C. (2001) Re-descriptions of the antipatharian corals described by E. J. C. Esper with selected English translations of the original German text (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Antipatharia). Seckenbergiana biologica, 81, 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="2001">Opresko & Baron-Szabo, 2001</bibRefCitation>
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). Even though many species have been removed from
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<taxonomicName id="4C4727AD6A39FFB26AF999F1B26E43CC" ID-CoL="7NP9P" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1766" box="[1189,1309,188,213]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B933803C6A39FFB26AF999F1B26E43CC" box="[1189,1309,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Antipathes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and placed into new genera (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A39FFB26F369992B56943E1" author="Opresko" box="[362,538,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2006) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part V. Establishment of a new family, Stylopathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 80 - 4, 109 - 138." type="book chapter" year="2006">Opresko, 2006</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A39FFB26C7699ADB51643E1" author="Opresko" box="[554,613,224,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2004) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part IV. Establishment of a new family, Aphanipathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 78, 209 - 240." type="journal article" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A39FFB26C2A99ADB5C243E1" author="Opresko" box="[630,689,224,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2003) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part III. Cladopathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 77, 495 - 536." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A39FFB26C9E99ADB58E43E1" author="Opresko" box="[706,765,224,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2002) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part II. Schizopathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 76, 411 - 442." type="journal article" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
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, 2001;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A39FFB26D079992B3F143E1" author="Opresko" box="[859,1154,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" refString="Opresko, D. M. & Cairns, S. D. (1994) Description of the new genus Allopathes (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) and its type species Cirripathes desbonni. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 107, 185 - 192." type="journal article" year="1994">Opresko & Cairns, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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), the genus still groups numerous species that are morphologically and phylogenetically heterogeneous, and is therefore in need of further revisions (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A39FFB26F51986AB6804259" author="Brugler" box="[269,499,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" refString="Brugler, M. R., Opresko, D. M. & France, S. C. (2013) The evolutionary history of the order Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) as inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA: implications for black coral taxonomy and systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 169, 312 - 361. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12060" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Brugler
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<emphasis id="B933803C6A39FFB26F319864B6DB4259" box="[365,424,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A39FFB26C5D9865B51E4259" author="Bo" box="[513,621,296,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" refString="Bo, M. (2008) Taxonomy and ecology of antipatharians. Universita Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, 212 pp." type="book" year="2008">Bo, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<collectingCountry id="F3501CBE6A39FFB26C279865B5BB4226" box="[635,712,296,319]" name="France" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">France</collectingCountry>
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<emphasis id="B933803C6A39FFB26C8D9864B47F4259" box="[721,780,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2007). Two species have previously been reported from
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<collectingCountry id="F3501CBE6A39FFB26ECB9801B78D427C" box="[151,254,332,357]" name="Bermuda" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C4727AD6A39FFB26F519801B6E3427C" ID-CoL="F28R" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1857" box="[269,400,332,357]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="atlantica">
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<emphasis id="B933803C6A39FFB26F519801B6E3427C" box="[269,400,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">A. atlantica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C4727AD6A39FFB26F9A9801B546427D" ID-CoL="F29Q" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1857" box="[454,565,332,356]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furcata">
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<emphasis id="B933803C6A39FFB26F9A9801B546427D" box="[454,565,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">A. furcata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A39FFB26C1F9801B479427D" author="Locke" box="[579,778,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" refString="Locke, J. M., Coates, K. A. & Bilewich, J. P. (2013) Scleractinia, Octocorallia and Antipatharia of Bermuda's reefs and deepwater coral communities: a taxonomic perspective including new records. In: Sheppard, C. R. C. (Ed.), Coral Reefs of the United Kingdom Overseas Territories, Coral Reefs of the World. Vol. 4. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 189 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 5965 - 7 _ 14" type="book" year="2013">
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Locke
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<emphasis id="B933803C6A39FFB26CCC9800B5BB427C" box="[656,712,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">et al.</emphasis>
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2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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), both of which were recorded as part of this survey (
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<tableCitation id="C6C569956A39FFB26B009801B7D74291" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,440,463]" captionText="TABLE 1. Black coral specimens examined as part of this study (BAMZ = Bermuda Aquarium, Museum and Zoo; NR = not reported; * = new record for Bermuda)." pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Table 1</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |