231 lines
35 KiB
XML
231 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="3797BFBD463B1D242A50231A20CD0B86" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5394660" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5394660" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630323559310" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Uriz, Maria J. & Maldonado, Manuel" docDate="2000" docId="03D82E75FFE3FFE2FF0CDFE9FF4FB9D6" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.2000.22.2.401-410.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 22 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2A9C6F9EA5F90D98170D9E0D9CA29375.4:Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="2A9C6F9EA5F90D98170D9E0D9CA29375" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Acanthodendrilla levii Uriz & Maldonado 2000, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="405" masterDocId="FFE1560DFFE1FFE6FFEEDB53FF97BD6B" masterDocTitle="The genus Acanthodendrilla in the Mediterranean Sea with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="410" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="403" updateTime="1699227307066" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:mods id="E1927B3F712464CDE9CF7BCE1668F076" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="30290BA6A0E19B3E04C38249C5824CAE">
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<mods:title id="9207D41B9896EAABFBF60F5343E551FC">The genus Acanthodendrilla in the Mediterranean Sea with description of a new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="7A86972D5A0D163460F810E5E4085B48" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="7073C7C266E062EA00360FD6430BBE1C">
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<mods:roleTerm id="47949BB254E7F47A680ADD17CA68CCC0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="16090538DDDDD92EF042834AFC94153D">Uriz, Maria J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="9D31818BC2B90C33AFA8B69DD80568C9" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="8BBC5C2ED324E83D1F7D8231D8375E6C">
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<mods:roleTerm id="34F49FE629F9E00E8706DF82A0C8D2E5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="177D6F6237D7D56FAB8239802AB35F17">Maldonado, Manuel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D416E8EF85151298AB3A9A6A6043DD95">Department of Aquatic Ecology. Center for Advanced Studies, Camí de Sta Bàrbara s / n 17300 Blanes, Girona (Spain) Iosune @ ceab. csic. es</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="030F09DC2CB3BD235C8A688E7054DEFE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="AD803F59F20A950403F62372C5DF5C4E" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0D8673FB7B64F51DB6C488257D050D5B">
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<mods:title id="9EF87232ABB6566949AAE0A463088914">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="786A65544E1F09DC3D7F079C0AE0BC3F">
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<mods:date id="5A751C0E45F7786BB608D6FB446752D0">2000</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E18070653E7DFBE129474D0A5043671A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="CC9CE28765844E661FEFB1077F11295A">22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="5A2D0524149BA1F111DE658A86693983" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="5157D30E6C96ABFF23B9E415BACA1C31">2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="8794DA15D54B483438E7C0F4024160EE">401</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="061335BECFC84CA603AD2180FB77860B">410</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="D530918532CF39D7D63C7D536255966B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="64015F2F3D894B9A3CC439D591C8EBBD" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5394660</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EBF9E391124DD285053182A5215A5995" type="ISSN">1638-9387</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="953EA253028B8A5D6198901578812F11" type="Zenodo-Dep">5394660</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D82E75FFE3FFE2FF0CDFE9FF4FB9D6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5469784" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5469784" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D82E75FFE3FFE2FF0CDFE9FF4FB9D6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D82E75FFE3FFE2FF0CDFE9FF4FB9D6" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="405" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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<subSubSection id="C36BCCE8FFE3FFE4FF0CDFE9FD81B9B8" box="[226,534,1209,1236]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCE9F63FFE3FFE4FF0CDFE9FD81B9B8" blockId="2.[226,534,1209,1236]" box="[226,534,1209,1236]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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<heading id="D086280FFFE3FFE4FF0CDFE9FD81B9B8" box="[226,534,1209,1236]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C71E4E0FFE3FFE4FF0CDFE9FE43B9BF" ID-CoL="64DFY" authority="Uriz & Maldonado, 2000" authorityName="Uriz & Maldonado" authorityYear="2000" box="[226,468,1210,1236]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dictyodendrillidae" genus="Acanthodendrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendroceratida" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="levii" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9054371FFE3FFE4FF0CDFE9FE43B9BF" bold="true" box="[226,468,1210,1236]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Acanthodendrilla levii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A236FE0AFFE3FFE4FE35DFEAFD81B9B8" box="[475,534,1209,1235]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36BCCE8FFE3FFE4FF9CDFB8FDA1B834" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCE9F63FFE3FFE4FF9CDFB8FE2EB876" blockId="2.[114,647,1259,1532]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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<materialsCitation id="3B19953EFFE3FFE4FF9CDFB8FE2EB876" collectionCode="CEAB, POR, BIO" country="Spain" location="Centre" municipality="Advanced Studies of Blanes" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54CA21C1FFE3FFE4FF9CDFB8FF4BB86A" box="[114,220,1259,1282]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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. —
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<location id="8EAEC9B8FFE3FFE4FEE6DFBFFEDCB86F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D82E75FFE3FFE2FF0CDFE9FF4FB9D6:8EAEC9B8FFE3FFE4FEE6DFBFFEDCB86F" box="[264,331,1260,1284]" country="Spain" municipality="Advanced Studies of Blanes" name="Centre" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Centre</location>
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for
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BAA0519FFE3FFE4FE9ADFBFFD14B86F" box="[372,643,1260,1284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Advanced Studies of Blanes</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F366DFF3FFE3FFE4FF9CDE56FF3BB876" box="[114,172,1285,1309]" name="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Spain</collectingCountry>
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, No.
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<collectionCode id="ED6007A6FFE3FFE4FF0CDE56FEBFB876" box="[226,296,1285,1309]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">CEAB</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED6007A6FFE3FFE4FEC2DE56FEF6B876" box="[300,353,1285,1309]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">POR</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED6007A6FFE3FFE4FE8ADE56FE06B876" box="[356,401,1285,1309]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">BIO</collectionCode>
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.138
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCE9F63FFE3FFE4FF9CDE7EFDA1B834" blockId="2.[114,647,1259,1532]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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<typeStatus id="54CA21C1FFE3FFE4FF9CDE7EFF4EB828" box="[114,217,1325,1348]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
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. — Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes,
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<collectingCountry id="F366DFF3FFE3FFE4FF9CDE14FF3BB834" box="[114,172,1351,1375]" name="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Spain</collectingCountry>
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, No.
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<collectionCode id="ED6007A6FFE3FFE4FF0CDE14FEBFB834" box="[226,296,1351,1375]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">CEAB</collectionCode>
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.POR.BIO.137a and 137b).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36BCCE8FFE3FFE4FF9CDE3DFF72B8D1" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BCE9F63FFE3FFE4FF9CDE3DFF72B8D1" blockId="2.[114,647,1259,1532]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">ETYMOLOGY. — The species is dedicated to C. Lévi, who established the guidelines for the modern sponge systematics.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36BCCE8FFE3FFE4FF9CDE99FDF8B891" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCE9F63FFE3FFE4FF9CDE99FDF8B891" blockId="2.[114,647,1259,1532]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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<collectionCode id="ED6007A6FFE3FFE4FF9CDE99FEB3B88B" box="[114,292,1482,1505]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">TYPE LOCALITY</collectionCode>
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. — Blanes (
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<collectingCountry id="F366DFF3FFE3FFE4FE3DDE99FD8FB889" box="[467,536,1482,1506]" name="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Spain</collectingCountry>
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, western Mediterranean) sublittoral, at depths of
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<quantity id="4C893286FFE3FFE4FE14DEB7FDFCB891" box="[506,619,1507,1532]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" unit="m" value="115.0" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="100.0">
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100-
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<specimenCount id="9D7754EAFFE3FFE4FDC9DEB7FDFCB891" box="[551,619,1507,1532]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="generic">130 m</specimenCount>
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</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36BCCE8FFE3FFE2FF9CDD62FF4FB9D6" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="405" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCE9F63FFE3FFE4FF9CDD62FE95BB22" blockId="2.[114,646,1585,1704]" box="[114,258,1585,1611]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCE9F63FFE3FFE4FF9CDD02FE89BB02" blockId="2.[114,646,1585,1704]" box="[114,286,1615,1643]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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<emphasis id="B9054371FFE3FFE4FF9CDD02FE89BB02" box="[114,286,1615,1643]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">External features</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCE9F63FFE3FFE4FF9CDD3CFC86BF52" blockId="2.[114,646,1585,1704]" lastBlockId="2.[677,1210,205,999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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Foliaceous to massive, erect sponge (
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<figureCitation id="134A83E6FFE3FFE4FDEFDD3CFDD6BBE2" box="[513,577,1647,1673]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[135,146,1592,1609]" captionTargetBox="[129,1225,302,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[121,1233,294,1543]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 1. — A, B, paratype 1; C, holotype; D, paratype 2, consisting of the sponge skeleton. Scale bars: A, B, 2.5 cm; C, D, 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394662/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). The
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<typeStatus id="54CA21C1FFE3FFE4FF9CDDDDFF46BBC3" box="[114,209,1678,1704]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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is a
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<quantity id="4C893286FFE3FFE4FEE6DDDDFEC2BBCC" box="[264,341,1677,1704]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" unit="cm" value="9.5">9.5 cm</quantity>
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high,
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<quantity id="4C893286FFE3FFE4FE71DDDDFE40BBCC" box="[415,471,1677,1704]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
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wide erect thin (
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<quantity id="4C893286FFE3FFE4FD43DB9DFCB8BD8C" box="[685,815,205,232]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" unit="cm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2-0.3 cm</quantity>
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in thickness) fan-like sheet, with some lateral projections perpendicular to the general sponge plane (
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<figureCitation id="134A83E6FFE3FFE4FC80DA58FC55BC4E" box="[878,962,267,293]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[135,146,1592,1609]" captionTargetBox="[129,1225,302,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[121,1233,294,1543]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 1. — A, B, paratype 1; C, holotype; D, paratype 2, consisting of the sponge skeleton. Scale bars: A, B, 2.5 cm; C, D, 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394662/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
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). One of the
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<typeStatus id="54CA21C1FFE3FFE4FBBADA59FB2EBC4F" box="[1108,1209,266,292]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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(CEAB.POR.BIO.137a) is a sheet
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<quantity id="4C893286FFE3FFE4FBA8DA79FB0FBC28" box="[1094,1176,297,324]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
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in thickness, which arises from the substrate by means of four stalks,
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<quantity id="4C893286FFE3FFE4FC64DA34FB96BCEB" box="[906,1025,358,385]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" unit="cm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3-0.5 cm</quantity>
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in diameter, and soon divides into several flat branches which often anastomose to produce an irregularly massive sponge (
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<figureCitation id="134A83E6FFE3FFE4FCDBDA90FC38BCB7" box="[821,943,450,477]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[135,146,1592,1609]" captionTargetBox="[129,1225,302,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[121,1233,294,1543]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 1. — A, B, paratype 1; C, holotype; D, paratype 2, consisting of the sponge skeleton. Scale bars: A, B, 2.5 cm; C, D, 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394662/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 1A, B</figureCitation>
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).
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<typeStatus id="54CA21C1FFE3FFE4FC2BDA91FBB3BCB7" box="[965,1060,450,476]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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2 exclusively consists of the skeleton, which shows a primarily dendritic, secondarily reticulate pattern (
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<figureCitation id="134A83E6FFE3FFE4FD42D94CFC94BF52" box="[684,771,543,569]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[135,146,1592,1609]" captionTargetBox="[129,1225,302,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[121,1233,294,1543]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 1. — A, B, paratype 1; C, holotype; D, paratype 2, consisting of the sponge skeleton. Scale bars: A, B, 2.5 cm; C, D, 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394662/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCE9F63FFE3FFE4FD4BD96DFC4EBE8C" blockId="2.[677,1210,205,999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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The sponge surface is clean and smooth to the touch, conulose, with conules
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<quantity id="4C893286FFE3FFE4FBFAD90EFBE4BF1D" box="[1044,1139,604,631]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1-3 mm</quantity>
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high,
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<quantity id="4C893286FFE3FFE4FD4BD928FD6ABFFF" box="[677,765,634,661]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2-5 mm</quantity>
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apart. The primary fibres protrude up to
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<quantity id="4C893286FFE3FFE4FD4BD9C9FD7DBFD8" box="[677,746,665,692]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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from the conules but this might be the result of contraction after preservation in alcohol. Consistency soft in living specimens, somewhat coriaceous but easy to break in alcohol. The ectosome is firmly attached to the choanosome but can be separated with forceps in some places. Oscules, maximum width of
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<quantity id="4C893286FFE3FFE4FC30D801FBB6BE00" box="[990,1057,849,876]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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, are spread on the sponge top, either isolated or grouped in clusters of 3-4. Ostia are inconspicuous in preserved specimens. Living specimens were pinkish, cream after preservation in alcohol.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCE9F63FFE3FFE4FD4BDF59FCDEB81E" blockId="2.[677,1210,1033,1704]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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<emphasis id="B9054371FFE3FFE4FD4BDF59FBF6B949" box="[677,1121,1033,1060]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Skeleton and characteristics of the soft tissue</emphasis>
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Primary fibres strongly fasciculate and densely arranged at the sponge base (stalked zones) (
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<figureCitation id="134A83E6FFE3FFE4FD42DF35FC92B9EB" box="[684,773,1126,1152]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[135,146,1592,1609]" captionTargetBox="[129,1225,302,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[121,1233,294,1543]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 1. — A, B, paratype 1; C, holotype; D, paratype 2, consisting of the sponge skeleton. Scale bars: A, B, 2.5 cm; C, D, 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394662/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
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). They run parallel along the stalk and then spread divergently in a flabelliform pattern, branching and interlocking repeatedly (
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<figureCitation id="134A83E6FFE3FFE4FBB2DFF0FB22B9D6" box="[1116,1205,1187,1213]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[113,124,1573,1590]" captionTargetBox="[164,1174,215,1547]" captionTargetId="figure-22@5.[156,1193,207,1552]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Light microscope views of different aspects of the sponge skeleton; A, distal part of the skeleton with terminal primary fibres heavily cored with foreign debris, secondary fibres slightly cored; B, perforate plate formed by secondary fibres; C, detail of a primary fibre (distal zone) showing large amounts of foreign materials; D, detail of a primary fibre with the stratified bark (sb) and the pith masked by some foreign material; E, primary and secondary fibres showing reticulation; F, histological section showing the insertion of a secondary fibre (without inclusions) in a primary fibre (with inclusions): p, pith; sb, stratified bark; d, foreign debris. Scale bars: A, E, 500 µm; B, C, 200 µm; D, F, 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394664/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
|
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;
|
|
<figureCitation id="134A83E6FFE3FFE4FD4BDF91FD5EB9B7" box="[677,713,1218,1244]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[114,125,1565,1582]" captionTargetBox="[125,1214,348,1520]" captionTargetId="figure-71@6.[112,1235,337,1528]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — SEM views of spongin fibres; A, view of several fibres; B, external aspect of a ramified secondary fibre; C, perforate plate; D, broken fibre showing the different layers of the stratified bark. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, D, 50 µm; C, 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394666/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">3A</figureCitation>
|
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). They also appear secondarily reticulate by means of secondary fibres, which often form perforate spongin plates (
|
|
<figureCitation id="134A83E6FFE3FFE4FC75DFACFC63B872" box="[923,1012,1279,1305]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[113,124,1573,1590]" captionTargetBox="[164,1174,215,1547]" captionTargetId="figure-22@5.[156,1193,207,1552]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Light microscope views of different aspects of the sponge skeleton; A, distal part of the skeleton with terminal primary fibres heavily cored with foreign debris, secondary fibres slightly cored; B, perforate plate formed by secondary fibres; C, detail of a primary fibre (distal zone) showing large amounts of foreign materials; D, detail of a primary fibre with the stratified bark (sb) and the pith masked by some foreign material; E, primary and secondary fibres showing reticulation; F, histological section showing the insertion of a secondary fibre (without inclusions) in a primary fibre (with inclusions): p, pith; sb, stratified bark; d, foreign debris. Scale bars: A, E, 500 µm; B, C, 200 µm; D, F, 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394664/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 2B</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="134A83E6FFE3FFE4FBEFDFACFBB1B872" box="[1025,1062,1279,1305]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[114,125,1565,1582]" captionTargetBox="[125,1214,348,1520]" captionTargetId="figure-71@6.[112,1235,337,1528]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — SEM views of spongin fibres; A, view of several fibres; B, external aspect of a ramified secondary fibre; C, perforate plate; D, broken fibre showing the different layers of the stratified bark. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, D, 50 µm; C, 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394666/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">3C</figureCitation>
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). The reticulate pattern is much more evident at the sponge periphery, where a network is visible on the sponge surface.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCE9F63FFE3FFE2FD4BDE29FE50BCEA" blockId="2.[677,1210,1033,1704]" lastBlockId="4.[114,647,206,968]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="405" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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Primary and secondary fibres have a strongly laminated bark (
|
|
<figureCitation id="134A83E6FFE3FFE4FCD3DECAFC37B8D8" box="[829,928,1433,1459]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[113,124,1573,1590]" captionTargetBox="[164,1174,215,1547]" captionTargetId="figure-22@5.[156,1193,207,1552]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Light microscope views of different aspects of the sponge skeleton; A, distal part of the skeleton with terminal primary fibres heavily cored with foreign debris, secondary fibres slightly cored; B, perforate plate formed by secondary fibres; C, detail of a primary fibre (distal zone) showing large amounts of foreign materials; D, detail of a primary fibre with the stratified bark (sb) and the pith masked by some foreign material; E, primary and secondary fibres showing reticulation; F, histological section showing the insertion of a secondary fibre (without inclusions) in a primary fibre (with inclusions): p, pith; sb, stratified bark; d, foreign debris. Scale bars: A, E, 500 µm; B, C, 200 µm; D, F, 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394664/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 2D</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="134A83E6FFE3FFE4FC41DECAFC2AB8D8" box="[943,957,1433,1459]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[114,125,1565,1582]" captionTargetBox="[125,1214,348,1520]" captionTargetId="figure-71@6.[112,1235,337,1528]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — SEM views of spongin fibres; A, view of several fibres; B, external aspect of a ramified secondary fibre; C, perforate plate; D, broken fibre showing the different layers of the stratified bark. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, D, 50 µm; C, 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394666/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">3</figureCitation>
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B-D). Spongin layers appear to be breakable and of different thickness (
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<figureCitation id="134A83E6FFE3FFE4FD42DE85FCB7B89B" box="[684,800,1494,1520]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[114,125,1565,1582]" captionTargetBox="[125,1214,348,1520]" captionTargetId="figure-71@6.[112,1235,337,1528]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — SEM views of spongin fibres; A, view of several fibres; B, external aspect of a ramified secondary fibre; C, perforate plate; D, broken fibre showing the different layers of the stratified bark. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, D, 50 µm; C, 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394666/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 3B, C</figureCitation>
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). A distinct pith is present in both the primary and secondary fibres (
|
|
<figureCitation id="134A83E6FFE3FFE4FC16DEA6FBDABB64" box="[1016,1101,1525,1551]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[113,124,1573,1590]" captionTargetBox="[164,1174,215,1547]" captionTargetId="figure-22@5.[156,1193,207,1552]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Light microscope views of different aspects of the sponge skeleton; A, distal part of the skeleton with terminal primary fibres heavily cored with foreign debris, secondary fibres slightly cored; B, perforate plate formed by secondary fibres; C, detail of a primary fibre (distal zone) showing large amounts of foreign materials; D, detail of a primary fibre with the stratified bark (sb) and the pith masked by some foreign material; E, primary and secondary fibres showing reticulation; F, histological section showing the insertion of a secondary fibre (without inclusions) in a primary fibre (with inclusions): p, pith; sb, stratified bark; d, foreign debris. Scale bars: A, E, 500 µm; B, C, 200 µm; D, F, 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394664/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
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). Primary fibres are heavily cored with foreign material (
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|
<figureCitation id="134A83E6FFE3FFE4FD42DD61FD7ABB27" box="[684,749,1586,1612]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[113,124,1573,1590]" captionTargetBox="[164,1174,215,1547]" captionTargetId="figure-22@5.[156,1193,207,1552]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Light microscope views of different aspects of the sponge skeleton; A, distal part of the skeleton with terminal primary fibres heavily cored with foreign debris, secondary fibres slightly cored; B, perforate plate formed by secondary fibres; C, detail of a primary fibre (distal zone) showing large amounts of foreign materials; D, detail of a primary fibre with the stratified bark (sb) and the pith masked by some foreign material; E, primary and secondary fibres showing reticulation; F, histological section showing the insertion of a secondary fibre (without inclusions) in a primary fibre (with inclusions): p, pith; sb, stratified bark; d, foreign debris. Scale bars: A, E, 500 µm; B, C, 200 µm; D, F, 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394664/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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A-E; 4A, B). Secondary fibres also include some debris. Sponge spicules are particularly abundant among the debris incorporated into the fibres (
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<figureCitation id="134A83E6FFE3FFE4FD02DDDDFCBDBBC3" box="[748,810,1678,1704]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[113,124,1544,1561]" captionTargetBox="[123,1219,325,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-21@7.[112,1235,314,1505]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — SEM views of fibre details; A, section of a secondary fibre showing abundant inclusions; B, broken fibre with sponge spicules among the foreign inclusions; C, tylostyle head protruding the fibre surface; D, orifices and other tracks in the fibre surface produced by detached materials previously incorporated to the fibre. Scale bars: A, 25 µm; B, 50 µm; C, 60 µm; D, 6 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394668/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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A-C), and are present not only within the pith but between contiguous spongin layers of the bark (
|
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<figureCitation id="134A83E6FFE5FFE2FF10DBBEFEE8BC6D" box="[254,383,236,263]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[113,124,1573,1590]" captionTargetBox="[164,1174,215,1547]" captionTargetId="figure-22@5.[156,1193,207,1552]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Light microscope views of different aspects of the sponge skeleton; A, distal part of the skeleton with terminal primary fibres heavily cored with foreign debris, secondary fibres slightly cored; B, perforate plate formed by secondary fibres; C, detail of a primary fibre (distal zone) showing large amounts of foreign materials; D, detail of a primary fibre with the stratified bark (sb) and the pith masked by some foreign material; E, primary and secondary fibres showing reticulation; F, histological section showing the insertion of a secondary fibre (without inclusions) in a primary fibre (with inclusions): p, pith; sb, stratified bark; d, foreign debris. Scale bars: A, E, 500 µm; B, C, 200 µm; D, F, 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394664/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Figs 2C, D</figureCitation>
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;
|
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<figureCitation id="134A83E6FFE5FFE2FE63DBBEFE41BC6D" box="[397,470,236,263]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[113,124,1544,1561]" captionTargetBox="[123,1219,325,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-21@7.[112,1235,314,1505]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — SEM views of fibre details; A, section of a secondary fibre showing abundant inclusions; B, broken fibre with sponge spicules among the foreign inclusions; C, tylostyle head protruding the fibre surface; D, orifices and other tracks in the fibre surface produced by detached materials previously incorporated to the fibre. Scale bars: A, 25 µm; B, 50 µm; C, 60 µm; D, 6 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394668/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">4B, D</figureCitation>
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). Some spicules completely traverse the fibre bark and the fibre surface thus appears perforated (
|
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<figureCitation id="134A83E6FFE5FFE2FE37DA79FDA3BC2F" box="[473,564,298,324]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[113,124,1544,1561]" captionTargetBox="[123,1219,325,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-21@7.[112,1235,314,1505]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — SEM views of fibre details; A, section of a secondary fibre showing abundant inclusions; B, broken fibre with sponge spicules among the foreign inclusions; C, tylostyle head protruding the fibre surface; D, orifices and other tracks in the fibre surface produced by detached materials previously incorporated to the fibre. Scale bars: A, 25 µm; B, 50 µm; C, 60 µm; D, 6 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394668/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
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). Some foreign debris are present within the choanosome, outside the fibres.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF0ECFEBFFE2FFE5FF69DD6BFB31BB22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394662" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5394662" box="[135,1190,1592,1609]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394662/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" startId="3.[135,146,1592,1609]" targetBox="[129,1225,302,1538]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8BCE9F63FFE2FFE5FF69DD6BFB31BB22" blockId="3.[135,1190,1592,1609]" box="[135,1190,1592,1609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
|
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FIG. 1. —
|
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<emphasis id="B9054371FFE2FFE5FF39DD6BFF73BB22" bold="true" box="[215,228,1592,1609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">A</emphasis>
|
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,
|
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<emphasis id="B9054371FFE2FFE5FF00DD6BFF6CBB22" bold="true" box="[238,251,1592,1609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">B</emphasis>
|
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, paratype 1;
|
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<emphasis id="B9054371FFE2FFE5FE87DD6BFEE0BB22" bold="true" box="[361,375,1592,1609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">C</emphasis>
|
|
, holotype;
|
|
<emphasis id="B9054371FFE2FFE5FE3ADD6BFE75BB22" bold="true" box="[468,482,1592,1609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">D</emphasis>
|
|
, paratype 2, consisting of the sponge skeleton. Scale bars: A, B, 2.5 cm; C, D, 2 cm.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</caption>
|
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<paragraph id="8BCE9F63FFE5FFE2FF9CDAD5FDB6BF70" blockId="4.[114,647,206,968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
|
Primary and secondary fibres are 230-400 µm and 20-150 µm thick, respectively. Fenestrate spongin plates are 400-1500
|
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<emphasis id="B9054371FFE5FFE2FE47DA90FE20BCB7" box="[425,439,451,476]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">µ</emphasis>
|
|
m in diameter. The fascicled skeleton at the sponge stalks ranges between
|
|
<quantity id="4C893286FFE5FFE2FF3FD952FE85BF71" box="[209,274,512,539]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
|
and
|
|
<quantity id="4C893286FFE5FFE2FEA7D952FE0FBF71" box="[329,408,512,539]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
|
in diameter.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BCE9F63FFE5FFE2FF9CD94CFE78BF1C" blockId="4.[114,647,206,968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fibres are more or less dark brown but are never purple, red or black as described for other dictyodendrillid genera (Bergquist 1995).</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BCE9F63FFE5FFE2FF9CD928FE97BEA3" blockId="4.[114,647,206,968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
|
The choanosome is well-developed with large aquiferous canals and reduced mesohyl. The choanocyte chambers are large (60-150
|
|
<emphasis id="B9054371FFE5FFE2FDAFD9EBFDD8BFBA" box="[577,591,696,721]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">µ</emphasis>
|
|
m in diameter) and oval in a section with relatively large choanocytes (
|
|
<figureCitation id="134A83E6FFE5FFE2FEBDD9A5FE27BE7B" box="[339,432,758,784]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[114,125,713,730]" captionTargetBox="[129,1204,212,685]" captionTargetId="figure-59@8.[121,1212,207,690]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5. — Light microscope images of sponge sections; A, choanosome: ch, choanocyte chamber; B, ectosome:el, external layer; il, internal layer; c, subectosomal canal. Scale bars: A, 15 µm; B, 40 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394670/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
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). The ectosome is 100-200
|
|
<emphasis id="B9054371FFE5FFE2FF38D847FF73BE46" box="[214,228,788,813]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">µ</emphasis>
|
|
m thick and has two differentiated layers (
|
|
<figureCitation id="134A83E6FFE5FFE2FF71D860FF63BE26" box="[159,244,819,845]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[114,125,713,730]" captionTargetBox="[129,1204,212,685]" captionTargetId="figure-59@8.[121,1212,207,690]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5. — Light microscope images of sponge sections; A, choanosome: ch, choanocyte chamber; B, ectosome:el, external layer; il, internal layer; c, subectosomal canal. Scale bars: A, 15 µm; B, 40 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5394670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5394670/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
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): the external layer, 50-60
|
|
<emphasis id="B9054371FFE5FFE2FDF2D860FDBDBE27" box="[540,554,819,844]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">µ</emphasis>
|
|
m thick, is rich in collagen; the inner layer, 100-130
|
|
<emphasis id="B9054371FFE5FFE2FD8CD802FDE7BE01" box="[610,624,849,874]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">µ</emphasis>
|
|
m thick, has abundant cells. Large subectosomal canals separate the ectosome from the choanosome.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BCE9F63FFE5FFE2FF9CD8B8FEECB96E" blockId="4.[114,647,1003,1213]" box="[114,379,1003,1029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9054371FFE5FFE2FF9CD8B8FEECB96E" box="[114,379,1003,1029]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Habitat and reproduction</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BCE9F63FFE5FFE2FF9CDF59FF4FB9D6" blockId="4.[114,647,1003,1213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
|
The species dwells on detritic bottoms at a depth of
|
|
<quantity id="4C893286FFE5FFE2FF7FDF7AFE87B929" box="[145,272,1064,1091]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" unit="m" value="115.0" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="100.0">
|
|
100-
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D7754EAFFE5FFE2FF2DDF7AFE87B929" box="[195,272,1064,1091]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="generic">130 m</specimenCount>
|
|
</quantity>
|
|
. The specimen CEAB.POR.BIO. 137a (
|
|
<typeStatus id="54CA21C1FFE5FFE2FF2CDF14FEA5B90A" box="[194,306,1095,1121]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
|
) was reproducing in June. Embryos, 250
|
|
<emphasis id="B9054371FFE5FFE2FEF5DF36FEBEB915" box="[283,297,1125,1150]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">µ</emphasis>
|
|
m in diameter, were located in groups of two to three at the distal part of branches.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |