413 lines
48 KiB
XML
413 lines
48 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="8C918E49B427FA7986B62229824698D9">The history, systematics, and nomenclature of Thalattosuchia (Archosauria: Crocodylomorpha)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="BB3EAA86D6E5C160002EB384CC53E6A4">Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Sigwartstrasse 10, 72074 Tübingen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="3D0A385068CBF2E977C75DE92E4D19C0">Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, 4044 Derring Hall 926 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg 24061, Virginia, USA & School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B 15 2 TT, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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Geosaurini
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE849E1FF8B73047A8F0A4A09A5FD8C" author="Bonaparte CL" box="[1007,1183,601,628]" pageId="59" pageNumber="606" refId="ref49005" refString="Bonaparte CL. Specchio Generale dei Sistemi Erpetologico, Anfibiologico ed Ittiologico. Milan: Giacomo Pirola, 1845, 11." type="book" year="1845">Bonaparte, 1845</bibRefCitation>
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(Zoological Code)
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, converted clade name (PhyloCode)
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genus:
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<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047AC10B27093DFCB1" box="[929,1031,823,846]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">Geosaurus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE849E1FF8B73047D6C0B2709B1FCB0" author="Cuvier G" box="[1036,1163,823,847]" pageId="59" pageNumber="606" refId="ref50425" refString="Cuvier G. Recherches sur les Ossemens Fossiles, ou l'on retablit les Caracteres de Plusieurs Animaux dont les Revolutions du Globe ont Detruit les Especes, Nouvelle edition, Vol. 5, 2 e partie. Paris: G. Dufour et E. d'Ocagne, 1824." type="book" year="1824">Cuvier 1824</bibRefCitation>
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.
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||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047D5C0B7E0998FC77" box="[1084,1186,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63410FF8B73047A4A0B85082CFBF4" blockId="59.[810,1459,917,1035]" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">
|
||
‘Pertaining to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794F93FF8B73047AA40B850910FC53" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1824" box="[964,1066,917,940]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Geosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="59" pageNumber="606" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047AA40B850910FC53" box="[964,1066,917,940]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">Geosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’. The stem
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047DC90B8509C0FC53" box="[1193,1274,917,940]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">Geosaur</emphasis>
|
||
- is based on the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794F93FF8B73047A0D0BA40EE9FC34" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1824" box="[877,979,948,971]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Geosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="59" pageNumber="606" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047A0D0BA40EE9FC34" box="[877,979,948,971]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">Geosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. -
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047A880BA5093BFC33" box="[1000,1025,949,972]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">ini</emphasis>
|
||
is a Latin masculine plural suffix for ‘pertaining to’. Under Article 29.2 of the Zoological Code, the suffix -
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047A520BE30E71FBF5" box="[818,843,1011,1034]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">ini</emphasis>
|
||
denotes a tribe rank within the family-group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C363679BFF8B73047D410C280E52FA0E" pageId="59" pageNumber="606" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63410FF8B73047D410C280981FBAD" blockId="59.[1057,1211,1080,1106]" box="[1057,1211,1080,1106]" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047D410C280981FBAD" box="[1057,1211,1080,1106]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">Geological range</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63410FF8B73047A4A0C4F0907FB4A" blockId="59.[810,1459,1119,1205]" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">
|
||
Middle Jurassic (early Callovian) to Early Cretaceous (earliest Aptian) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE849E1FF8B73047AE90C6E090CFB69" author="Young MT & Andrade MB & Brusatte SL" box="[905,1078,1150,1174]" pageId="59" pageNumber="606" pagination="475 - 513" refId="ref60846" refString="Young MT, Andrade MB, Brusatte SL et al. The oldest known metriorhynchid super-predator: a new genus and species from the Middle Jurassic of England, with implications for serration and mandibular evolution in predacious clades. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 2013; 11: 475 - 513." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Young
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047AAF0C6F0ECDFB69" box="[975,1015,1150,1174]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE849E1FF8B73047D200C6E09BAFB69" author="Young MT & Zverkov NG & Arkhangelsky MS" box="[1088,1152,1150,1174]" pageId="59" pageNumber="606" pagination="15781" refId="ref61335" refString="Young MT, Zverkov NG, Arkhangelsky MS et al. Thalattosuchian crocodylomorphs from European Russia, and new insights into metriorhynchid tooth serration evolution and their palaeolatitudinal distribution. PeerJ 2023 a; 11: e 15781. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 15781" type="journal article" year="2023">
|
||
2023
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE849E1FF8B73047D150C6E09BAFB69" author="Chiarenza A & Foffa D & Young MT" box="[1141,1152,1150,1174]" pageId="59" pageNumber="606" pagination="608 - 16" refId="ref50078" refString="Chiarenza A, Foffa D, Young MT et al. The youngest record of metriorhynchid crocodylomorphs, with implications for the extinction of Thalattosuchia. Cretaceous Research 2015; 56: 608 - 16." type="journal article" year="2015">a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Chiarenza
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047D980C6F081AFB69" box="[1272,1312,1150,1174]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE849E1FF8B73047C090C6E0E41FB4A" author="Foffa D & Young MT & Brusatte SL" pageId="59" pageNumber="606" pagination="1123 - 43" refId="ref51574" refString="Foffa D, Young MT, Brusatte SL et al. A new metriorhynchid crocodylomorph from the Oxford Clay Formation (Middle Jurassic) of England, with implications for the origin and diversification of Geosaurini. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 2018; 16: 1123 - 43. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772019.2017.1367730" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Foffa
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047CC20C6F0E06FB4A" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE849E1FF8B73047AE60C8D0916FB4A" author="Sachs S & Young MT & Hornung J" box="[902,1068,1181,1205]" pageId="59" pageNumber="606" pagination="104479" refId="ref58635" refString="Sachs S, Young MT, Hornung J. The enigma of Enaliosuchus, and a reassessment of the Early Cretaceous fossil record of Metriorhynchidae. Cretaceous Research 2020; 114: 104479." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Sachs
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047AA50C8E0ED7FB4A" box="[965,1005,1181,1205]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63410FF8B73047AB10CC50836FB10" blockId="59.[810,1459,1237,1425]" box="[977,1292,1237,1263]" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047AB10CC50836FB10" box="[977,1292,1237,1263]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">PhyloCode phylogenetic definition</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63410FF8B73047A4A0CEB0E55FA6E" blockId="59.[810,1459,1237,1425]" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">
|
||
The smallest clade within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794F93FF8B73047DE00CEB0817FAEC" authorityName="sensu Young and Andrade" authorityYear="2009" box="[1152,1325,1275,1299]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="59" pageNumber="606" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047DE00CEB0817FAEC" box="[1152,1325,1275,1299]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">Metriorhynchidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794F93FF8B73047A4A0D0B0802FACC" authority="Young et al., 2013" authorityName="Young" authorityYear="2013" box="[810,1336,1307,1331]" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Tyrannoneustes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="59" pageNumber="606" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lythrodectikos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047A4A0D0B096CFACC" box="[810,1110,1307,1331]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">Tyrannoneustes lythrodectikos</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE849E1FF8B73047D060D0B0802FACC" author="Young MT & Andrade MB & Brusatte SL" box="[1126,1336,1307,1331]" pageId="59" pageNumber="606" pagination="475 - 513" refId="ref60846" refString="Young MT, Andrade MB, Brusatte SL et al. The oldest known metriorhynchid super-predator: a new genus and species from the Middle Jurassic of England, with implications for serration and mandibular evolution in predacious clades. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 2013; 11: 475 - 513." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Young
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047DD60D0B09D3FACC" box="[1206,1257,1307,1331]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794F93FF8B73047C2D0D0B0991FAAD" authority="(von Sommerring 1816)" baseAuthorityName="von Sommerring" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Geosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="59" pageNumber="606" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047C2D0D0B0EBEFAAD" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">Geosaurus giganteus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE849E1FF8B73047AC00D2A099AFAAD" author="von Sommerring ST" box="[928,1184,1338,1362]" pageId="59" pageNumber="606" pagination="37 - 58" refId="ref59308" refString="von Sommerring ST. Ueber die Lacerta gigantea der Vorwelt. Denkschriften der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Munchen Classe der Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften 1816; 6: 37 - 58." type="journal article" year="1816">von Sömmerring 1816</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794F93FF8B73047DA30D2B0918FA8E" authority="(Wilkinson et al. 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Wilkinson" baseAuthorityYear="2008" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Torvoneustes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="59" pageNumber="606" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carpenteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047DA30D2B0889FAAD" box="[1219,1459,1339,1362]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">Torvoneustes carpenteri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE849E1FF8B73047A550D49092DFA8E" author="Wilkinson LE & Young MT & Benton MJ" box="[821,1047,1369,1393]" pageId="59" pageNumber="606" pagination="1307 - 33" refId="ref60136" refString="Wilkinson LE, Young MT, Benton MJ. A new metriorhynchid crocodilian (Mesoeucrocodylia: Thalattosuchia) from the Kimmeridgian (Upper Jurassic) of Wiltshire, UK. Palaeontology 2008; 51: 1307 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1475 - 4983.2008.00818. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Wilkinson
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047AC80D4A0EE1FA8E" box="[936,987,1369,1393]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794F93FF8B73047D3F0D490E50FA6E" authority="(Plieninger 1846)" baseAuthorityName="Plieninger" baseAuthorityYear="1846" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Dakosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="59" pageNumber="606" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maximus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047D3F0D49080DFA8E" box="[1119,1335,1369,1393]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">Dakosaurus maximus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE849E1FF8B73047C2A0D490E64FA6E" author="Plieninger T" pageId="59" pageNumber="606" pagination="129 - 83" refId="ref57823" refString="Plieninger T. Uber ein neues Sauriergenus und die Einreihung der Saurier mit flachen, schneidenden Zahnen in eine Familie. Pp. 148 - 154 in Zweite Generalversammlung am 1. Mai 1846 zu Tubingen. Wurttembergische naturwissenschaftliche Jahreshefte 1846; 2: 129 - 83." type="journal article" year="1846">Plieninger 1846</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63410FF8B73047D720DA409F6FA32" blockId="59.[1042,1228,1460,1485]" box="[1042,1228,1459,1486]" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047D720DA409F6FA32" box="[1042,1228,1459,1486]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">Reference phylogeny</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63410FF8B73047A4A0DCA0E52FA0E" blockId="59.[810,872,1499,1522]" box="[810,872,1498,1522]" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422895FF8B73047A4A0DCA0E58FA0D" box="[810,866,1498,1522]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1185,1209]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,147,1154]" captionTargetId="figure-283@19.[114,1458,144,1157]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 3. The equal weights, no constraints strict consensus topology (C0). Length = 4164, CI = 0.303, RI = 0.831, RC = 0.251, HI = 0.697, number of most parsimonious cladograms hit the hold limit.Phylogeny pruned to highlight Thalattosuchia (see Supporting Information, Appendix S2, Fig. S1 for the entire topology). A, Crocodylomorpha; B, Crocodyliformes; C, Thalattosuchia; D, Neothalattosuchia; E, Teleosauridae; F, Teleosaurinae; G, Aeolodontini; H, Machimosauridae; I, Machimosaurinae; J, Machimosaurini; K, Euthalattosuchia; L, Metriorhynchidae; M, Metriorhynchinae; N, Rhacheosaurini; O, Geosaurinae; P, Geosaurini. Green lines highlight non-neothalattosuchian thalattosuchians, orange lines highlight teleosauroid thalattosuchians, and blue lines highlight metriorhynchoid thalattosuchians.Images from PhyloPics.org, with the teleosauroid by Scott Hartman, and the metriorhynchid by Dmitry Bogdanov (vectorized by T. Michael Keesey), the only change made was to their colouration, and their license is: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241251" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241251/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C363679BFF8B73047A5B0E050ED0F8D0" pageId="59" pageNumber="606" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63410FF8B73047A5B0E050898F9D0" blockId="59.[810,1459,1557,1839]" box="[827,1442,1557,1583]" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047A5B0E050898F9D0" box="[827,1442,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">Zoological Code diagnosis and PhyloCode diagnostic apomorphies</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63410FF8B73047A4A0E2B0ED0F8D0" blockId="59.[810,1459,1557,1839]" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">Metriorhynchid crocodylomorphs with the following unique combination of characters (4): prefrontal lateral border is a continuous convex curve, with an inflexion point of approximately 60–70° from the anteroposterior axis of the skull (209.1); coronoid process ventral to both the retroarticular process and glenoid process (488.1); deeply excavated surangulodentary groove (529.2); enlargement of the anterior maxillary tooth crowns (626.1–2).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C363679BFF8B73037D520F420FCAFB13" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="607" pageId="59" pageNumber="606" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63410FF8B73047D520F420991F893" blockId="59.[810,1459,1874,1999]" box="[1074,1195,1874,1900]" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047D520F420991F893" box="[1074,1195,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">Composition</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63410FF8B73047A4A0F6908A0F830" blockId="59.[810,1459,1874,1999]" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794F93FF8B73047A4A0F690EFBF86F" box="[810,961,1913,1936]" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Tyrannoneustes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="59" pageNumber="606" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047A4A0F690EFBF86F" box="[810,961,1913,1936]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">Tyrannoneustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794F93FF8B73047ABE0F690953F86F" authorityName="Rusconi" authorityYear="1948" box="[990,1129,1913,1936]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Purranisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="59" pageNumber="606" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047ABE0F690953F86F" box="[990,1129,1913,1936]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">Purranisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794F93FF8B73047DE60F690839F86F" box="[1158,1283,1913,1936]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Torvoneustes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="59" pageNumber="606" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047DE60F690839F86F" box="[1158,1283,1913,1936]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">Torvoneustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the subclade
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794F93FF8B73047A4A0F880EA0F850" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1845" box="[810,922,1944,1967]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="59" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Geosaurina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047A4A0F880EA0F850" box="[810,922,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">Geosaurina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the subclade
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794F93FF8B73047D440F87099FF850" box="[1060,1189,1943,1967]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="59" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Plesiosuchina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047D440F87099FF850" box="[1060,1189,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">Plesiosuchina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the subclade
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794F93FF8B73047C4F0F870894F850" authority="Young & Wilberg & Johnson & Herrera & Brandalise & Andrade & Brignon & Sachs & Abel & Foffa & Fernández & Vignaud & Cowgill & Brusatte, 2024" authorityName="Young & Wilberg & Johnson & Herrera & Brandalise & Andrade & Brignon & Sachs & Abel & Foffa & Fernández & Vignaud & Cowgill & Brusatte" authorityYear="2024" box="[1327,1454,1943,1967]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="59" pageNumber="608" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" status="subtrib. nov." subTribe="Dakosaurina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8B73047C4F0F870894F850" box="[1327,1454,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="606">Dakosaurina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and multiple taxa that do not have a valid generic assignment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63410FF8C730378F208800CC2FF55" blockId="60.[129,777,144,426]" box="[402,504,144,170]" pageId="60" pageNumber="607">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8C730378F208800CC2FF55" box="[402,504,144,170]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="607">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63410FF8C730379E108A60F39FE55" blockId="60.[129,777,144,426]" pageId="60" pageNumber="607">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8C730379E108A60DCEFF31" box="[129,244,182,206]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="607">Authorship:</emphasis>
|
||
The nomen
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794F93FF8C7303781E08A60CD5FF31" authorityName="Cau and Fanti" authorityYear="2011" box="[382,495,182,206]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="60" pageNumber="607" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Geosaurini">Geosaurini</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE849E1FF8C73037BD008A60C32FF11" author="Cau A & Fanti F" pageId="60" pageNumber="607" pagination="550 - 65" refId="ref49900" refString="Cau A, Fanti F. The oldest known metriorhynchid crocodylian from the Middle Jurassic of North-eastern Italy: Neptunidraco ammoniticus gen et sp nov. Gondwana Research 2011; 19: 550 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. gr. 2010.07.007" type="journal article" year="2011">Cau and Fanti (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, however, under the Zoological Code
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE849E1FF8C73037BFF08C60D8FFEF2" author="Bonaparte CL" pageId="60" pageNumber="607" refId="ref49005" refString="Bonaparte CL. Specchio Generale dei Sistemi Erpetologico, Anfibiologico ed Ittiologico. Milan: Giacomo Pirola, 1845, 11." type="book" year="1845">Bonaparte 1845</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is the nominal authority. The nominal author of a family-group is the author who first erected a family-group taxon that is valid (in fulfilment of Article 11), and in accordance with the Zoological Code Principle of Coordination applied to family-group names (Article 36.1). Under the PhyloCode,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE849E1FF8C73037BCF09620C3EFE55" author="Cau A & Fanti F" pageId="60" pageNumber="607" pagination="550 - 65" refId="ref49900" refString="Cau A, Fanti F. The oldest known metriorhynchid crocodylian from the Middle Jurassic of North-eastern Italy: Neptunidraco ammoniticus gen et sp nov. Gondwana Research 2011; 19: 550 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. gr. 2010.07.007" type="journal article" year="2011">Cau and Fanti (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is the nominal authority.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63410FF8C730379E109DC0C42FD80" blockId="60.[128,777,459,639]" pageId="60" pageNumber="607">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8C730379E109DC0C92FE1C" box="[129,424,459,483]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="607">Prior phylogenetic definition:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE849E1FF8C730378D609DB0F95FE1C" author="Cau A & Fanti F" box="[438,687,459,483]" pageId="60" pageNumber="607" pagination="550 - 65" refId="ref49900" refString="Cau A, Fanti F. The oldest known metriorhynchid crocodylian from the Middle Jurassic of North-eastern Italy: Neptunidraco ammoniticus gen et sp nov. Gondwana Research 2011; 19: 550 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. gr. 2010.07.007" type="journal article" year="2011">Cau and Fanti (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
defined
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794F93FF8C730379E109FB0DD1FDFD" authorityName="Cau and Fanti" authorityYear="2011" box="[129,235,491,514]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="60" pageNumber="607" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Geosaurini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8C730379E109FB0DD1FDFD" box="[129,235,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="607">Geosaurini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the least inclusive clade, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794F93FF8C73037BC309FB0F3BFDDD" authority="(von Sommerring 1816)" baseAuthorityName="von Sommerring" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Geosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="60" pageNumber="607" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8C73037BC309FB0DE1FDDE" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="607">Geosaurus giganteus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE849E1FF8C730379960A1A0CCCFDDE" author="von Sommerring ST" box="[246,502,521,546]" pageId="60" pageNumber="607" pagination="37 - 58" refId="ref59308" refString="von Sommerring ST. Ueber die Lacerta gigantea der Vorwelt. Denkschriften der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Munchen Classe der Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften 1816; 6: 37 - 58." type="journal article" year="1816">von Sömmerring 1816</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794F93FF8C73037B790A1A0C42FDBE" authority="(Wilkinson et al. 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Wilkinson" baseAuthorityYear="2008" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Torvoneustes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="60" pageNumber="607" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carpenteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8C73037B790A1A0E33FDDE" box="[537,777,522,545]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="607">Torvoneustes carpenteri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE849E1FF8C730379EC0A390C57FDBE" author="Wilkinson LE & Young MT & Benton MJ" box="[140,365,553,577]" pageId="60" pageNumber="607" pagination="1307 - 33" refId="ref60136" refString="Wilkinson LE, Young MT, Benton MJ. A new metriorhynchid crocodilian (Mesoeucrocodylia: Thalattosuchia) from the Kimmeridgian (Upper Jurassic) of Wiltshire, UK. Palaeontology 2008; 51: 1307 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1475 - 4983.2008.00818. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Wilkinson
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8C7303799F0A3A0C11FDBE" box="[255,299,553,577]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="607">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794F93FF8C730378D60A390DFBFD9F" authority="(Plieninger 1846)" baseAuthorityName="Plieninger" baseAuthorityYear="1846" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Dakosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="60" pageNumber="607" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maximus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8C730378D60A390FB7FDBE" box="[438,653,553,577]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="607">Dakosaurus maximus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE849E1FF8C73037BC10A390D8EFD9F" author="Plieninger T" pageId="60" pageNumber="607" pagination="129 - 83" refId="ref57823" refString="Plieninger T. Uber ein neues Sauriergenus und die Einreihung der Saurier mit flachen, schneidenden Zahnen in eine Familie. Pp. 148 - 154 in Zweite Generalversammlung am 1. Mai 1846 zu Tubingen. Wurttembergische naturwissenschaftliche Jahreshefte 1846; 2: 129 - 83." type="journal article" year="1846">Plieninger 1846</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Here we have added
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794F93FF8C730378C30A590FFCFD9F" box="[419,710,584,608]" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Tyrannoneustes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="60" pageNumber="607" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lythrodectikos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8C730378C30A590FFCFD9F" box="[419,710,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="607">Tyrannoneustes lythrodectikos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the list of internal specifiers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63410FF8C730379E00AB10DC6FC4C" blockId="60.[128,778,673,1261]" pageId="60" pageNumber="607">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8C730379E00AB10C2DFD46" box="[128,279,673,697]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="607">Characteristics:</emphasis>
|
||
Many of the tooth crown characters (including those relating to the reduction in number, increase in crown size, and those scoring for contiguous denticles) independently evolved in lineages within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794F93FF8C730378FC0AEF0F37FCE8" authorityName="Cau and Fanti" authorityYear="2011" box="[412,525,767,791]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="60" pageNumber="607" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Geosaurini">Geosaurini</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than at the base of the clade (e.g. see:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE849E1FF8C730378020B0E0F33FCC9" author="Foffa D & Young MT & Brusatte SL" box="[354,521,798,822]" pageId="60" pageNumber="607" pagination="1123 - 43" refId="ref51574" refString="Foffa D, Young MT, Brusatte SL et al. A new metriorhynchid crocodylomorph from the Oxford Clay Formation (Middle Jurassic) of England, with implications for the origin and diversification of Geosaurini. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 2018; 16: 1123 - 43. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772019.2017.1367730" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Foffa
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8C730378FE0B0F0CF2FCC9" box="[414,456,798,822]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="607">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The discovery that the geosaurin lineages originated in the Middle Jurassic (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE849E1FF8C73037BDF0B2D0DEBFC8A" author="Foffa D & Young MT & Brusatte SL" pageId="60" pageNumber="607" pagination="1123 - 43" refId="ref51574" refString="Foffa D, Young MT, Brusatte SL et al. A new metriorhynchid crocodylomorph from the Oxford Clay Formation (Middle Jurassic) of England, with implications for the origin and diversification of Geosaurini. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 2018; 16: 1123 - 43. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772019.2017.1367730" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Foffa
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8C73037B980B2E0DA8FC8A" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="607">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the discovery of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794F93FF8C730378D10B4E0F72FC8A" box="[433,584,862,885]" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Tyrannoneustes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="60" pageNumber="607" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8C730378D10B4E0F72FC8A" box="[433,584,862,885]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="607">Tyrannoneustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE849E1FF8C73037B380B4D0E3EFC8A" author="Young MT & Andrade MB & Brusatte SL" box="[600,772,861,885]" pageId="60" pageNumber="607" pagination="475 - 513" refId="ref60846" refString="Young MT, Andrade MB, Brusatte SL et al. The oldest known metriorhynchid super-predator: a new genus and species from the Middle Jurassic of England, with implications for serration and mandibular evolution in predacious clades. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 2013; 11: 475 - 513." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Young
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8C73037BFD0B4E0FFFFC8A" box="[669,709,861,885]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="607">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE849E1FF8C730379E10B6C0C67FC6B" author="Foffa D & Young MT" box="[129,349,892,917]" pageId="60" pageNumber="607" pagination="608" refId="ref51482" refString="Foffa D, Young MT. The cranial osteology of Tyrannoneustes lythrodectikos (Crocodylomorpha: Metriorhynchidae) from the Middle Jurassic of Europe. PeerJ 2014; 2: e 608. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 608" type="journal article" year="2014">Foffa and Young 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) have altered character polarity at the base of the clade.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63410FF8C730379FC0BAB0FCAFB13" blockId="60.[128,778,673,1261]" pageId="60" pageNumber="607">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE849E1FF8C730379FC0BAB0CF8FC2C" author="Cau A & Fanti F" box="[156,450,955,979]" pageId="60" pageNumber="607" pagination="550 - 65" refId="ref49900" refString="Cau A, Fanti F. The oldest known metriorhynchid crocodylian from the Middle Jurassic of North-eastern Italy: Neptunidraco ammoniticus gen et sp nov. Gondwana Research 2011; 19: 550 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. gr. 2010.07.007" type="journal article" year="2011">Cau and Fanti (2011: 551)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed the following characters as being diagnostic for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794F93FF8C730378180BCA0CD7FC0D" authorityName="Cau and Fanti" authorityYear="2011" box="[376,493,986,1010]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="60" pageNumber="607" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Geosaurini">Geosaurini</taxonomicName>
|
||
: the presence of prefrontal with the inflexion point directed caudally at an angle of less than 70° from the rostrocaudal axis of the skull; the presence of a very narrow (close to 45°) angle between the medial and the caudolateral processes of the frontal; by the caudal expansion of the supratemporal fossa beyond the parietal; the reduction of the basal tubera; the elongation of the maxillary tooth crowns; and the reduction of the humerus. Two out of five of those characters still define the clade
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794F93FF8C7303782D0CC50CFAFB12" box="[333,448,1237,1261]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Dakosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="60" pageNumber="607" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8C7303782D0CC50CFAFB12" box="[333,448,1237,1261]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="607">Dakosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794F93FF8C730378BD0CC50F69FB12" box="[477,595,1237,1261]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Plesiosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="60" pageNumber="607" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8C730378BD0CC50F69FB12" box="[477,595,1237,1261]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="607">Plesiosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794F93FF8C73037B0E0CC50FD3FB13" box="[622,745,1237,1260]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Torvoneustes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="60" pageNumber="607" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DE802FF8C73037B0E0CC50FD3FB13" box="[622,745,1237,1260]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="607">Torvoneustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |