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<document id="866B635A51E9E7378EC59451FAB89462" ID-CLB-Dataset="3532" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5684751" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5ce30349-be7d-41d9-b9c3-3f089552d894" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-49-1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5684751" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1633566623593" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2009" docId="03CC87EC9124FB51FA29F727FD87D246" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_1_Mephitidae_0532.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Conepatus chinga" docType="treatment" docVersion="16" lastPageNumber="557" masterDocId="FFF5FF949127FB55FF93FFCCFFC9D551" masterDocTitle="Mephitidae" masterLastPageNumber="562" masterPageNumber="532" pageNumber="556" updateTime="1700280156500" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="960B929307CA0F6A6A83D66A6B177F2D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="42020A966FAA835B9FDB9C56964A54FE">
<mods:title id="93630DD383133B691441477808DA1860">Mephitidae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="9DF716CDB849CBC056392803A7DB6AE6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="469AC5D50E0B9646F0F59E08A6BB82F9">
<mods:roleTerm id="6331B5F04E8B0F380AA2DE197C983D74">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C5C3FD0A6B531ACAFC7EDAF795ED98BD">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="07F309B2578588169AF1A12CBE374954" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A049D00134411F019C4D64C14F805D24">
<mods:roleTerm id="C6F31E5999310FED0CFA9C764FDB8FF8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F404821E4182D54A0825C92CC75608E5">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="4D4C5BA96BC1C06FFC48F35DC2D9B592">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="2E509FFDC9697C429B187BE5AAFE5D9F" type="host">
<mods:originInfo id="10FE4E0BF11DC99F34A49867CFE6D5A7">
<mods:dateIssued id="8228CC92E4D89A81A5CDB7124D776E91">2009</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:dateOther id="78E43CDE63857A59325210A4B5ABDB30" type="pubDate">2009-01-31</mods:dateOther>
<mods:publisher id="5C484DF86BD7E3289B0BE2D540CB4B68">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
<mods:place id="3F3D43078C50B82D812728949DB56954">
<mods:placeTerm id="5E4EAEF75AC5A04CAF8028C7DE9D3A24">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:titleInfo id="B7ACDEAAB3DA638A334FDF7268D4A1B4">
<mods:title id="A9E00A3A3139C02845D8186740946D0A">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="E1C52D209B8C6548E8E30E0283D35546">
<mods:extent id="84DCD43CFB77E22DC00C817869A461AC" unit="page">
<mods:start id="7116481A530E627721408DC8A59C6CD0">532</mods:start>
<mods:end id="9F8738E9F79A00E48EFDE958A148560F">562</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="33C07900F99B538FCF20E5BB97BA95EA">book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="85BB61F2075795A099534049419580D5" type="CLB-Dataset">3532</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8085377ABC767BED6879C1656A46819E" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5684751</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="04253AD45F6553095297BBAE7937F985" type="GBIF-Dataset">5ce30349-be7d-41d9-b9c3-3f089552d894</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="95672837A38B7EA8EB20B77AB4334194" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-49-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8A7F8797258ED3761BA0FA3EC24E7DE6" type="Zenodo-Dep">5684751</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03CC87EC9124FB51FA29F727FD87D246" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5700791" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190305729" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5700791" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC87EC9124FB51FA29F727FD87D246" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CC87EC9124FB51FA29F727FD87D246" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="557" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
<subSubSection id="C37F65719124FB56FA29F727FA13DC48" box="[1466,1498,2283,2329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA9124FB56FA29F727FA13DC48" blockId="3.[1464,2427,2283,2373]" box="[1466,1498,2283,2329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
<heading id="D09281969124FB56FA29F727FA13DC48" box="[1466,1498,2283,2329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
<figureCitation id="135E2A7F9124FB56FA29F727FA13DC48" box="[1466,1498,2283,2329]" captionStart="Plate 31: Mephitidae" captionStartId="2.[163,193,3410,3435]" captionTargetBox="[18,2811,15,3635]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Sunda Stink Badger (Mydaus javanensis), 2. Palawan Stink Badger (Mydaus marchei), 3. American Hog-nosed Skunk (Conepatus leuconotus), 4. Molina’s Hog-nosed Skunk (Conepatus chinga), 5. Striped Hog-nosed Skunk (Conepatus semistriatus), 6. Humboldt’s Hog-nosed Skunk (Conepatus humboldti), 7. Hooded Skunk (Mephitis macroura), 8. Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephatis), 9. Pygmy Spotted Skunk (Spilogale pygmaea), 10. Eastern Spotted Skunk (Spilogale putorius), 11. Western Spotted Skunk (Spilogale gracilis), 12. Southern Spotted Skunk (Spilogale angustifrons)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6353179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6353179/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">4.</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F65719124FB56FA78F727F7D5DC48" box="[1515,2076,2283,2329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA9124FB56FA78F727F7D5DC48" blockId="3.[1464,2427,2283,2373]" box="[1515,2076,2283,2329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
<heading id="D09281969124FB56FA78F727F7D5DC48" box="[1515,2076,2283,2329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
<vernacularName id="056646D49124FB56FA78F727F7D5DC48" box="[1515,2076,2283,2329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Molina’s Hog-nosed Skunk</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F65719124FB56F7BCF727F6B3DC48" box="[2095,2426,2283,2329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA9124FB56F7BCF727F6B3DC48" blockId="3.[1464,2427,2283,2373]" box="[2095,2426,2283,2329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
<heading id="D09281969124FB56F7BCF727F6B3DC48" box="[2095,2426,2283,2329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D799124FB56F7BCF727F6B3DC48" ID-CoL="XLCB" baseAuthorityName="Molina" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[2095,2426,2283,2329]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinga">
<emphasis id="B911EAE89124FB56F7BCF727F6B3DC48" box="[2095,2426,2283,2329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Conepatus chinga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F65719124FB56FA2AF6E7F716DC11" box="[1465,2271,2347,2368]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA9124FB56FA2AF6E7F716DC11" blockId="3.[1464,2427,2283,2373]" box="[1465,2271,2347,2368]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
<heading id="D09281969124FB56FA2AF6E7F716DC11" box="[1465,2271,2347,2368]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
<emphasis id="B911EAE89124FB56FA2AF6E7F9CFDC11" box="[1465,1542,2347,2368]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="056646D49124FB56F983F6E7F91DDC11" box="[1552,1748,2347,2368]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Moufette de Molina</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="B911EAE89124FB56F978F6E7F88CDC11" box="[1771,1861,2347,2368]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="056646D49124FB56F8DDF6E7F81ADC11" box="[1870,2003,2347,2368]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Anden-Skunk</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="B911EAE89124FB56F87BF6E7F78ADC11" box="[2024,2115,2347,2368]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="056646D49124FB56F7DFF6E7F716DC11" box="[2124,2271,2347,2368]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Zorrino chileno</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F65719124FB56F7B2F6BEF5A1DCDE" box="[2081,2664,2418,2447]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA9124FB56F7B2F6BEF5A1DCDE" blockId="3.[2079,2666,2418,2840]" box="[2081,2664,2418,2447]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
<emphasis id="B911EAE89124FB56F7B2F6BEF772DCDE" box="[2081,2235,2418,2447]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C654D799124FB56F747F6BEF5ADDCDE" authority="Molina, 1782" authorityName="Molina" authorityYear="1782" box="[2260,2660,2418,2447]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Vicerra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinga">Vicerra chinga Molina, 1782</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F65719124FB56F7B1F651F6D8DC8F" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA9124FB56F7B1F651F6D8DC8F" blockId="3.[2079,2666,2418,2840]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CA79124FB56F7B1F651F6D8DC8F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3704616307" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
“
<collectingCountry id="F372766A9124FB56F7BDF651F7BDDCE7" box="[2094,2164,2461,2486]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Chili</collectingCountry>
”, restricted to “alrededores de
<collectingRegion id="49A1F8189124FB56F5A5F651F740DC8F" country="Chile" name="Valparaiso" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Valparaiso</collectingRegion>
”. [
<collectingCountry id="F372766A9124FB56F722F60DF6CCDC8F" box="[2225,2309,2497,2526]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Chile</collectingCountry>
].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F65719124FB56F78CF624F5AEDF7D" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA9124FB56F78CF624F5AEDF7D" blockId="3.[2079,2666,2418,2840]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">A taxonomic revision of the species is needed. Seven subspecies are recognized.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F65719124FB56F7B2F5FEF62CD955" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" type="synonymic_list">
<caption id="DF1A66729124FB56F7B2F5FEF62CD955" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6585204" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6585204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6585204/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" startId="3.[2081,2235,2610,2643]" targetBox="[1464,2049,2427,2836]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA9124FB56F7B2F5FEF679DF02" blockId="3.[2079,2666,2418,2840]" box="[2081,2480,2610,2643]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
<emphasis id="B911EAE89124FB56F7B2F5FEF679DF02" box="[2081,2480,2610,2643]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA9124FB56F7B7F595F5F4DFF3" blockId="3.[2079,2666,2418,2840]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D799124FB56F7B7F595F6B6DF2B" authority="Molina, 1782" authorityName="Molina" authorityYear="1782" box="[2084,2431,2649,2682]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="chinga" subSpecies="chinga">C. c. chinga Molina, 1782</taxonomicName>
— C
<collectingCountry id="F372766A9124FB56F654F595F5D9DF2B" box="[2503,2576,2649,2682]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Chile</collectingCountry>
coastline (from
<collectingRegion id="49A1F8189124FB56F72FF549F699DFF3" box="[2236,2384,2693,2722]" country="Chile" name="Coquimbo" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Coquimbo</collectingRegion>
to Concepcion).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA9124FB56F7B7F57CF731DE49" blockId="3.[2079,2666,2418,2840]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D799124FB56F7B7F57CF647DF98" authority="Thomas, 1919" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1919" box="[2084,2446,2736,2761]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="chinga" subSpecies="budini">C. c. budini Thomas, 1919</taxonomicName>
— W
<collectingCountry id="F372766A9124FB56F64FF57CF5A0DF98" box="[2524,2665,2736,2761]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49A1F8189124FB56F7BDF518F70FDFA0" box="[2094,2246,2772,2801]" country="Argentina" name="Catamarca" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Catamarca</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49A1F8189124FB56F74BF518F686DFA0" box="[2264,2383,2772,2801]" country="Argentina" name="La Rioja" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">La Rioja</collectingRegion>
, San Juan,
<collectingRegion id="49A1F8189124FB56F662F518F5A1DFA0" box="[2545,2664,2772,2801]" country="Argentina" name="San Luis" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">San Luis</collectingRegion>
&amp; N
<collectingRegion id="49A1F8189124FB56F7F0F537F722DE49" box="[2147,2283,2811,2840]" country="Argentina" name="Mendoza" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Mendoza</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA9124FB56FA2FF4EEF702DE6E" blockId="3.[1465,2666,2850,3469]" box="[1468,2251,2850,2879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D799124FB56FA2FF4EEF8E9DE6E" authority="Thomas, 1910" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1910" box="[1468,1824,2850,2879]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="chinga" subSpecies="gibsoni">C. c. gibsoni Thomas, 1910</taxonomicName>
—
<collectingCountry id="F372766A9124FB56F8D2F4EEF806DE6E" box="[1857,1999,2850,2879]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(Pampas region).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA9124FB56FA2FF482F8A0DE36" blockId="3.[1465,2666,2850,3469]" box="[1468,1897,2894,2919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D799124FB56FA2FF482F936DE36" authority="Thomas, 1900" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" box="[1468,1791,2894,2919]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="chinga" subSpecies="inca">C. c. inca Thomas, 1900</taxonomicName>
—
<collectingCountry id="F372766A9124FB56F8B1F482F8ACDE36" box="[1826,1893,2894,2919]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Peru</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA9124FB56FA2FF4BDF900DEE7" blockId="3.[1465,2666,2850,3469]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D799124FB56FA2FF4BDF88BDEDF" authority="Thomas, 1921" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1921" box="[1468,1858,2929,2958]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="chinga" subSpecies="mendosus">C. c. mendosus Thomas, 1921</taxonomicName>
— W
<collectingCountry id="F372766A9124FB56F81DF4BDF7D5DEDF" box="[1934,2076,2929,2958]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(SW
<collectingRegion id="49A1F8189124FB56F7F8F4BDF724DEDF" box="[2155,2285,2929,2958]" country="Argentina" name="Mendoza" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Mendoza</collectingRegion>
) W to C
<collectingCountry id="F372766A9124FB56F6FCF4BDF671DEDF" box="[2415,2488,2929,2958]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Chile</collectingCountry>
(Los Rios &amp;
<collectingRegion id="49A1F8189124FB56FA2AF455F98DDEE7" box="[1465,1604,2969,2998]" country="Chile" name="Los Lagos" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Los Lagos</collectingRegion>
regions).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA9124FB56FA2FF408F8BADE8C" blockId="3.[1465,2666,2850,3469]" box="[1468,1907,3012,3037]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D799124FB56FA2FF408F925DE8C" authority="Thomas, 1898" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1898" box="[1468,1772,3012,3037]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="chinga" subSpecies="rex">C. c. rex Thomas, 1898</taxonomicName>
—
<collectingCountry id="F372766A9124FB56F89CF408F8A6DE8C" box="[1807,1903,3012,3037]" name="Bolivia" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA9124FB56FA2FF427F62CD955" blockId="3.[1465,2666,2850,3469]" box="[1468,2533,3051,3076]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D799124FB56FA2FF427F8D4D955" authority="Illiger, 1815" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1815" box="[1468,1821,3051,3076]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="chinga" subSpecies="suffocans">C. c. suffocans Illiger, 1815</taxonomicName>
— SE
<collectingCountry id="F372766A9124FB56F8FDF427F876D955" box="[1902,1983,3051,3076]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F372766A9124FB56F85CF427F78ED955" box="[1999,2119,3051,3076]" name="Uruguay" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F372766A9124FB56F7CBF427F71FD955" box="[2136,2262,3051,3076]" name="Paraguay" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
and NE
<collectingCountry id="F372766A9124FB56F6C1F427F628D955" box="[2386,2529,3051,3076]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Argentina</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F65719124FB56FA2AF3C2F656D8DC" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA9124FB56FA2AF3C2F656D8DC" blockId="3.[1465,2666,2850,3469]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
<emphasis id="B911EAE89124FB56FA2AF3C2F97CD97A" box="[1465,1717,3086,3115]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body
<quantity id="4C9D9B1F9124FB56F8E6F3C2F836D97A" box="[1909,2047,3086,3115]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" unit="cm" value="42.0" valueMax="49.0" valueMin="35.0">35-49 cm</quantity>
(males),
<quantity id="4C9D9B1F9124FB56F703F3C2F6D1D97A" box="[2192,2328,3086,3115]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" unit="cm" value="37.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="30.0">30-45 cm</quantity>
(females), tail
<quantity id="4C9D9B1F9124FB56F66CF3C2FA2BD903" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.18" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="1.46" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" unit="cm" value="21.8" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="14.6">14.6-29 cm</quantity>
(males),
<quantity id="4C9D9B1F9124FB56F9FEF3F9F8C0D903" box="[1645,1801,3125,3154]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.065" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="1.33" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" unit="cm" value="20.65" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="13.3">13.3-28 cm</quantity>
(females); weight
<quantity id="4C9D9B1F9124FB56F780F3F9F7A4D903" box="[2067,2157,3125,3154]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" unit="kg" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1-3 kg</quantity>
. As in most skunk species, males are larger than females. These skunks are slightly larger than the Humboldt’s Hog-nosed Skunks farther south. The pelage color is black, brown, or dark reddish, with two white stripes running down the back slightly to the side. These stripes may or may notjoin on the head. There is considerable variation in color pattern. The ears are short and the nose pad is thick and naked. The palms of the feet are hairless and have thick swellings on the pads. The digits are short and the claws are long. There are 32 teeth, as in other
<taxonomicName id="4C654D799124FB56FA2FF288F9F6D834" box="[1468,1599,3396,3429]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Conepatus</taxonomicName>
. These skunks also have two scent glands at the base ofthe tail just inside the rectum, which are used to expel noxious fluid as a defense mechanism.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F65719123FB51FF08FEEAFB8BD704" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA9123FB51FF08FEEAFB8BD704" blockId="4.[150,1357,294,1816]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">
<emphasis id="B911EAE89123FB51FF08FEEAFEC3D412" box="[155,266,294,323]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Habitat.</emphasis>
Molina’s Hog-nosed Skunks occur in a variety of habitats and can be found from the dry lowlands to the Altiplano in
<collectingCountry id="F372766A9123FB51FC97FE85FCADD43B" box="[772,868,329,362]" name="Bolivia" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
. They have been found from the Paraguayan Chaco to the precordillerean steppe. They forage in grassland, savannas, steppe, and canyons, and den in shrub forests and in talus slopes. Dens in rocky areas are usually found in crevices. Elsewhere, they burrow into the ground, sometimes at the roots of trees, to construct dens. They will also den in caves and use burrows abandoned by other animals. They tend to avoid heavily forested areas. In fact, their populations may increase in areas where forests have been cleared.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F65719123FB51FF09FDA8FB12D639" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA9123FB51FF09FDA8FB12D639" blockId="4.[150,1357,294,1816]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">
<emphasis id="B911EAE89123FB51FF09FDA8FE60D72C" box="[154,425,612,637]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
Like other skunks, is an omnivorous and opportunistic feeder. Invertebrates constitute the bulk of the diet, but small vertebrates, including frogs, lizards, rodents, and birds as well as bird and reptile eggs are consumed. More vertebrates are consumed during winter months when arthropods are harder to find. Otherwise the diet is similar year round. Arthropod prey items include beetle larvae and spiders. Beetles are found in abundance in skunk faeces even when beetles in the environment are more scarce, suggesting that beetles are a favorite food item.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F65719123FB51FF04FCBFFAEDD17F" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" type="activity">
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA9123FB51FF04FCBFFAEDD17F" blockId="4.[150,1357,294,1816]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">
<emphasis id="B911EAE89123FB51FF04FCBFFE4FD6C1" box="[151,390,883,912]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
These skunks are considered to be crepuscular, but can be active throughout the night with their activity usually starting between 19:00 h and 22:00 h. They are active most of the night and settle early in the morning, before 05:00 h. Much of their time is spent searching for food either by digging up insects or sniffing and searching around brush. They tend to dig less in winter when the ground is frozen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F65719123FB51FF0BFBF4FE9CD19B" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA9123FB51FF0BFBF4FE9CD19B" blockId="4.[150,1357,294,1816]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">
<emphasis id="B911EAE89123FB51FF0BFBF4FCA8D104" box="[152,865,1080,1109]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
Molina’s Hog-nosed Skunk is primarily solitary when foraging. Home ranges ofthis species (based on a small sample size) are from 3-5-12 times larger than home ranges in other
<taxonomicName id="4C654D799123FB51FB87FB4BFB5ED1F5" box="[1044,1175,1159,1188]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Conepatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Conepatus</taxonomicName>
and average about 195 ha.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F65719123FB51FF0BFB1DFE9ED0E4" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA9123FB51FF0BFB1DFE9ED0E4" blockId="4.[150,1357,294,1816]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">
<emphasis id="B911EAE89123FB51FF0BFB1DFEE9D1A3" box="[152,288,1233,1266]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Breeding.</emphasis>
Little is known about the breeding behavior ofthis species. They have been reported to have a single breeding season, like the other South American skunks. They are similar in ecology and habit to the Humboldt’s Hog-nosed Skunk, so presumably they have a similar gestation period (approximately 60 days) and produce a single annual litter of 2-5 offspring. The breeding season may be longer than in other species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F65719123FB51FF0BFA71FE18D3F3" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA9123FB51FF0BFA71FE18D3F3" blockId="4.[150,1357,294,1816]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">
<emphasis id="B911EAE89123FB51FF0BFA71FE31D08F" box="[152,504,1469,1502]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Molina’s Hog-nosed Skunks are notlisted with CITES, and are classified as Least Concern in The IUCN Red List. These skunks too have been hunted and trapped for their pelts, which have been used to make blankets. They are susceptible to poisons set out for other animals. They are preyed upon by various birds of prey as well as larger mammalian carnivores. This species also harbors several internal and external parasites.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F65719123FB51FF0BF97DFD87D246" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="8BDA36FA9123FB51FF0BF97DFD87D246" blockId="4.[150,1357,294,1816]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">
<emphasis id="B911EAE89123FB51FF0BF97DFEFBD39B" box="[152,306,1713,1738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Anderson (1997), Arias et al. (2006), Cabrera (1958), Cabrera &amp; Yepes (1960), Canevari &amp; Ambrosini (1988), Donadio et al. (2001), Eisenberg &amp; Redford (1999), Molina (1782), Thomas (1900b, 1910, 1919), Travaini et al. (1998), Wozencraft (2005).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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