treatments-xml/data/03/CC/87/03CC879FF9789D7CFF6322838FD6AFF7.xml

<document id="0496BFDDFA49F2268DD6B4E1668937CC" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14703528" ID-ZooBank="96194340-054D-49C0-BD89-D47899BCAF14" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1737371250141" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Yamana, Yusuke, Hirashima, Kentarou, Sato, Masanori &amp; Yamamori, Luna" docDate="2025" docId="03CC879FF9789D7CFF6322838FD6AFF7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5569.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5569 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Patinapta edentatus Yamana, Hirashima, Sato &amp; Yamamori, 2025, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="FFF5FFE7F9529D4CFFF4243A8C2BAC76" masterDocTitle="First revision of the apodid holothurian genus Patinapta Heding, 1928 (Synaptidae) in Japanese waters, with establishment of four new species from Kyushu Island and Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1737576178254" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="439468B61C940FB80F4658051C973AF4">First revision of the apodid holothurian genus Patinapta Heding, 1928 (Synaptidae) in Japanese waters, with establishment of four new species from Kyushu Island and Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7041F46C52E0A0A684512120C47FF888">Yamana, Yusuke</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E9416032A2A659A80E9B0F3FAB13EBAF">Wakayama Prefectural Museum of Natural History (WMNH), Invertebrate Specimen House, Funo 370 - 1, Kainan, Wakayama 642 - 0001, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FE66556398AAC8C1BC34396D2F336E6A">Hirashima, Kentarou</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="380E40CE413FDB6353BA9B686AE8E878">Wakayama Prefectural Museum of Natural History (WMNH), 1 Room Curators Head Office, Funo 370 - 1, Kainan, Wakayama 642 - 0001, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0287B33C5EBF17996A2B5E203E2423BA">Sato, Masanori</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="019005EDEAD6A142AAAEB24A8F7891C9">Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890 - 0065, Japan &amp; Present address: 5233 Hiramatsu, Aira, Kagoshima 899 - 5652, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3079D17D7426848FA9595B3FFD8CABEE">Yamamori, Luna</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A1DFC6A0E80F2BD93D98E9B61E74CEF6">Seto Marine biological laboratory (SMBL) of Kyoto University, 459, Shirahama, Wakayama 649 - 2211, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03CC879FF9789D7CFF6322838FD6AFF7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14721581" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14721581" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC879FF9789D7CFF6322838FD6AFF7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CC879FF9789D7CFF6322838FD6AFF7" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<subSubSection id="C37F6502F9789D66FF6322838DC7AAA5" box="[151,492,1721,1748]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F9789D66FF6322838DC7AAA5" blockId="42.[151,729,1721,1819]" box="[151,492,1721,1748]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF9789D66FF6322838DC7AAA5" bold="true" box="[151,492,1721,1748]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="4C654D0AF9789D66FF6322838DA3AAA2" authorityName="Yamana &amp; Hirashima &amp; Sato &amp; Yamamori" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,392,1721,1748]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Patinapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="edentatus" status="sp. nov.">Patinapta edentatus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22257E0F9789D66FE7B22838DC7AAA5" box="[399,492,1721,1747]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDA3689F9789D66FF6322E48EF2AA81" blockId="42.[151,729,1721,1819]" box="[151,729,1757,1784]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">[New Japanese name: Hanashi-himo-ikari-namako]</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6502F9789D66FF63233B8DC3AB6D" box="[151,488,1793,1819]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F9789D66FF63233B8DC3AB6D" blockId="42.[151,729,1721,1819]" box="[151,488,1793,1819]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
(
<figureCitation id="135E2A0CF9789D66FF6B233B8D0BAB6D" box="[159,288,1793,1819]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 21" captionStart-1="FIGURE 22" captionStart-2="FIGURE 23" captionStartId-0="43.[151,250,1410,1434]" captionStartId-1="44.[151,250,1844,1868]" captionStartId-2="46.[151,250,1409,1433]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,273,1387]" captionTargetBox-1="[155,1433,345,1813]" captionTargetBox-2="[163,1423,1106,1381]" captionTargetId-0="figure-55@43.[151,1436,273,1387]" captionTargetId-1="figure-81@44.[155,1433,345,1821]" captionTargetId-2="figure-368@46.[151,1435,1101,1386]" captionTargetPageId-0="43" captionTargetPageId-1="44" captionTargetPageId-2="46" captionText-0="FIGURE 21. External view of a specimen collected from Kabira Bay, Ishigaki-jima Island, Okinawa, erected as Patinapta edentatus sp. nov., in the present study (holotype specimen, WMNH-2021-INV-973): A, lateral view, anterior left, dorsal top; A’, living specimen from the same lot (from collector Dr. Taeko Kimura), with co-existing bivalves Anisodevonia ohshimai infesting body surface; B, oral-side view of the tentacles; C, outer-side view of the tentacles." captionText-1="FIGURE 22. SEM images of the ossicles extracted from a specimen collected from Kabira Bay, Ishigaki-jima Island, Okinawa, erected as Patinapta edentatus sp. nov., in the present study (holotype specimen, WMNH-2021-INV-973): A, ossicles from tentacle; B, ossicles from mid-dorsal body wall; C, ossicles from mid-dorsal longitudinal muscle; D, ossicles from mid-ventral body wall; E, ossicles from mid-ventral longitudinal muscle." captionText-2="FIGURE 23. Outer-surface view of calcareous ring of the calcareous ring plates of a specimen collected from Kabira Bay, Ishigaki-jima Island, Okinawa, erected as Patinapta edentatus sp. nov., in the present study (holotype specimen, WMNH-2021- INV-973). The positions of the plates are denoted by Ludwig’s [1889–1892 (1889), p156] system: RI–RV and IR1–IR5 where R and IR stands for positions for radius and interradius, respectively. Hence RI, mid-ventral; RII, left ventral; RIII, right ventral; RIV, left dorsal; RV, right dorsal; and: IR1, left ventral; IR2, right ventral; IR3-IR3’, left dorso-lateral; IR4-IR4’, right dorsolateral; IR5, mid-dorsal. Anterior top." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14703576" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14703578" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14703580" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14703576/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14703578/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14703580/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figs 21–23</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6E70332F9789D66FEDF233B8DA1AB6D" box="[299,394,1793,1819]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[152,244,152,176]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (mm) of body size and internal organs and their positions from specimens examined." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A6601F9549D4AFF6C24A2896CACC6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" tableUuid="DF1A6601F9549D4AFF6C24A2896CACC6">Tables 1</tableCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C6E70332F9789D66FE6C233B8D9CAB6D" box="[408,439,1793,1819]" captionStart="TABLE 13" captionStartId="45.[152,244,225,249]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="TABLE 13. Measurements (mean±SD μm) and counts of ossicles of the present specimens of Patinapta edentatus sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A6601F97F9D61FF6C24DB8CEDAD6B" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" tableUuid="DF1A6601F97F9D61FF6C24DB8CEDAD6B">13</tableCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C6E70332F9789D66FE37233B8DCBAB6D" box="[451,480,1793,1819]" captionStart="TABLE 14" captionStartId="47.[152,244,1700,1724]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="TABLE 14. List of the WMNH-INV specimens of Patinapta edentatus sp. nov. as of 2024." pageId="42" pageNumber="43">14</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6502F9789D66FF63237C89BFAB28" box="[151,1428,1862,1886]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F9789D66FF63237C89BFAB28" blockId="42.[151,1428,1862,1886]" box="[151,1428,1862,1886]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<materialsCitation id="3B0D3CD4F9789D66FF63237C89BBAB28" box="[151,1424,1862,1886]" location="Kabira Bay" municipality="Ishigaki-jima Island" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="3">
<specimenCount id="9D63FD00F9789D66FF63237C8D68AB28" box="[151,323,1862,1886]" count="3" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="generic">Three specimens</specimenCount>
from 
<location id="8EBA6052F9789D66FE74237C8DDEAB28" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC879FF9789D7CFF6322838FD6AFF7:8EBA6052F9789D66FE74237C8DDEAB28" box="[384,501,1862,1886]" municipality="Ishigaki-jima Island" name="Kabira Bay" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Kabira Bay</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBEACF3F9789D66FE0B237C8EE0AB28" box="[511,715,1862,1886]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Ishigaki-jima Island</collectingMunicipality>
(WMNH-2021-INV-972, 973, 974) were identified as new to science
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6502F9789D67FF6323B68D73AC8F" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F9789D67FF6323B68D73AC8F" blockId="42.[151,1436,1932,2030]" lastBlockId="43.[151,1437,151,249]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF9789D66FF6323B68D39ABD0" bold="true" box="[151,274,1932,1958]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Outer edge of anchor plate ossicles and inner edge of their perforations lacking teeth anywhere, with large seven perforations arranged in symmetrical order in the distal part, while minute perforations sporadically scattered in basal part. Tentacles possess small numbers of simple rod ossicles and large numbers of simple elongated C-shaped granule ossicles. Mostly elongated C-shaped granules equipped in longitudinal muscles, rarely with Oshaped granules among them. Ciliated funnels attached to inner side body wall along midline of right dorso-lateral interradius (
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF9799D67FEEB24E58D63AC8F" box="[287,328,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">IR4</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF1A6601F9799D67FF6321B8886AAA70" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14703576" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14703576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14703576/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" startId="43.[151,250,1410,1434]" targetBox="[151,1436,273,1387]" targetPageId="43" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F9799D67FF6321B8886AAA70" blockId="43.[151,1436,1410,1543]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF9799D67FF6321B88D09A9EC" bold="true" box="[151,290,1410,1434]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 21.</emphasis>
External view of a specimen collected from Kabira Bay, Ishigaki-jima Island, Okinawa, erected as 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D0AF9799D67FACC21B98CD3A9C8" authorityName="Yamana &amp; Hirashima &amp; Sato &amp; Yamamori" authorityYear="2025" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Patinapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="edentatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF9799D67FACC21B98CD3A9C8" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Patinapta edentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF9799D67FF0B219D8D7AA9C9" bold="true" box="[255,337,1447,1471]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22257E0F9799D67FF0B219D8D7AA9C9" box="[255,337,1447,1471]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, in the present study (holotype specimen, WMNH-2021-INV-973): A, lateral view, anterior left, dorsal top; A’, living specimen from the same lot (from collector Dr. Taeko Kimura), with co-existing bivalves 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D0AF9799D67FB5921F089B7A994" baseAuthorityName="Kawahara" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[1197,1436,1482,1506]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lasaeidae" genus="Anisodevonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galeommatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ohshimai">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF9799D67FB5921F089B7A994" box="[1197,1436,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Anisodevonia ohshimai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
infesting body surface; B, oral-side view of the tentacles; C, outer-side view of the tentacles.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C37F6502F9799D67FF33226388F2AA05" box="[199,1241,1624,1651]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F9799D67FF33226388F2AA05" blockId="43.[151,1437,1624,2011]" box="[199,1241,1624,1651]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF9799D67FF3322638D78AA04" bold="true" box="[199,339,1624,1651]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Type series.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54DE882BF9799D67FEAE22638DEEAA05" box="[346,453,1625,1651]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, WMNH-2021-INV-973; 
<specimenCount id="9D63FD00F9799D67FD1322638FADAA05" box="[743,902,1625,1651]" count="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">two paratypes</specimenCount>
, WMNH-2021-INV-972, 974.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6502F9799D60FF3322468EACAC8F" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F9799D67FF3322468907AB51" blockId="43.[151,1437,1624,2011]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF9799D67FF332246888AAAE0" bold="true" box="[199,1185,1660,1687]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
Description of 
<typeStatus id="54DE882BF9799D67FE8922478DCFAAE1" box="[381,484,1661,1687]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(WMNH-2021-INV-973: middle-size complete specimen).
</emphasis>
External and internal morphologies as follows (
<tableCitation id="C6E70332F9799D67FE45229B8E28AACD" box="[433,515,1697,1723]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[152,244,152,176]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (mm) of body size and internal organs and their positions from specimens examined." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A6601F9549D4AFF6C24A2896CACC6" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" tableUuid="DF1A6601F9549D4AFF6C24A2896CACC6">Table 1</tableCitation>
): Specimen preserved for20 years; pale misty-rose (
<figureCitation id="135E2A0CF9799D67FBC9229B8888AACD" box="[1085,1187,1697,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1410,1434]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1387]" captionTargetId="figure-55@43.[151,1436,273,1387]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 21. External view of a specimen collected from Kabira Bay, Ishigaki-jima Island, Okinawa, erected as Patinapta edentatus sp. nov., in the present study (holotype specimen, WMNH-2021-INV-973): A, lateral view, anterior left, dorsal top; A’, living specimen from the same lot (from collector Dr. Taeko Kimura), with co-existing bivalves Anisodevonia ohshimai infesting body surface; B, oral-side view of the tentacles; C, outer-side view of the tentacles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14703576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14703576/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 21A</figureCitation>
), based on information from the collector color was transparent rose in living state (
<figureCitation id="135E2A0CF9799D67FCCB22FF8FBAAAA9" box="[831,913,1733,1759]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1410,1434]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1387]" captionTargetId="figure-55@43.[151,1436,273,1387]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 21. External view of a specimen collected from Kabira Bay, Ishigaki-jima Island, Okinawa, erected as Patinapta edentatus sp. nov., in the present study (holotype specimen, WMNH-2021-INV-973): A, lateral view, anterior left, dorsal top; A’, living specimen from the same lot (from collector Dr. Taeko Kimura), with co-existing bivalves Anisodevonia ohshimai infesting body surface; B, oral-side view of the tentacles; C, outer-side view of the tentacles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14703576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14703576/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
A’). Tentacles 12, each with 9 digits, including four pairs of smaller digits equipped along lateral-stem of tentacle and large one digit equipped on distal end of tentacle. On the oral side of tentacle stem, about 10–20 sensory cups sporadically arranged in a U-shape.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F9799D67FF33230B891FAB19" blockId="43.[151,1437,1624,2011]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
Polian vesicle single, fusiform with thread-like tip, 
<quantity id="4C9D9B6CF9799D67FCE4230B8F5DAB3D" box="[784,886,1841,1867]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.12" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="4.12">4.12 mm</quantity>
(
<tableCitation id="C6E70332F9799D67FC71230B8FF1AB3D" box="[901,986,1841,1867]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[152,244,152,176]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (mm) of body size and internal organs and their positions from specimens examined." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A6601F9549D4AFF6C24A2896CACC6" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" tableUuid="DF1A6601F9549D4AFF6C24A2896CACC6">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Ciliated funnels occur sporadically in one row along right dorso-lateral interradius (
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF9799D67FD63236F8E94AB19" box="[663,703,1877,1903]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">IR4</emphasis>
). Stone canal undetected, lacking or too small to detect.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F9799D67FF3323438FB6ABC1" blockId="43.[151,1437,1624,2011]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Inside body, two tufts of gonad tubules attached to both sides of anterior dorsal mesentery, none of the whitish tubule organs adhered to intestine canal. Intestine canal lacking loop.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F9799D60FF3323FB8EACAC8F" blockId="43.[151,1437,1624,2011]" lastBlockId="44.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Body wall coarse surface, rigid and thin, densely packed with ossicles arranging latitudinal layout of all as sets of anchor and plate. Both sides along five longitudinal muscles with distal ends of anchor ossicles facing towards interradial area, however ossicles on radial body walls upon longitudinal muscles and interradial body walls have distal ends randomly facing either direction.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6502F97E9D63FF3325398E12A867" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F97E9D60FF33253988ACAD6A" blockId="44.[151,1437,151,285]" box="[199,1159,259,285]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97E9D60FF3325398D65AD6B" bold="true" box="[199,334,259,285]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D0AF97E9D60FDD725398EA5AD6B" authorityName="Yamana &amp; Hirashima &amp; Sato &amp; Yamamori" authorityYear="2025" box="[547,654,259,285]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Patinapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="edentatus">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97E9D60FDD725398EA5AD6B" box="[547,654,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">edentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
alluding their teeth-less anchor plate ossicle.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1A6601F97E9D60FF63230E8ED5ABCE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14703578" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14703578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14703578/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" startId="44.[151,250,1844,1868]" targetBox="[155,1433,345,1813]" targetPageId="44" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F97E9D60FF63230E8ED5ABCE" blockId="44.[151,1436,1844,1976]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97E9D60FF63230E8D34AB3A" bold="true" box="[151,287,1844,1868]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 22.</emphasis>
SEM images of the ossicles extracted from a specimen collected from Kabira Bay, Ishigaki-jima Island, Okinawa, erected as 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D0AF97E9D60FEF323638DFFAB06" authorityName="Yamana &amp; Hirashima &amp; Sato &amp; Yamamori" authorityYear="2025" box="[263,468,1880,1904]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Patinapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="edentatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97E9D60FEF323638DFFAB06" box="[263,468,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Patinapta edentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97E9D60FE2923628E1BAB06" bold="true" box="[477,560,1880,1904]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22257E0F97E9D60FE2923628E1BAB06" box="[477,560,1880,1904]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, in the present study (holotype specimen, WMNH-2021-INV-973): A, ossicles from tentacle; B, ossicles from mid-dorsal body wall; C, ossicles from mid-dorsal longitudinal muscle; D, ossicles from mid-ventral body wall; E, ossicles from mid-ventral longitudinal muscle.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F97F9D61FF6324AD8E86ACC7" blockId="45.[151,685,151,177]" box="[151,685,151,177]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97F9D61FF6324AD8E86ACC7" bold="true" box="[151,685,151,177]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">The present results of ossicle morphologies</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1A6601F97F9D61FF6C24DB8CEDAD6B" ID-Table-UUID="DF1A6601F97F9D61FF6C24DB8CEDAD6B" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A6601F97F9D61FF6C24DB8CEDAD6B" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" startId="45.[152,244,225,249]" targetBox="[163,1418,301,1976]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="45" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F97F9D61FF6C24DB8CEDAD6B" blockId="45.[151,1436,225,285]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97F9D61FF6C24DB8D36AC8F" bold="true" box="[152,285,225,249]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">TABLE 13.</emphasis>
Measurements (mean±SD μm) and counts of ossicles of the present specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D0AF97F9D61FB6924D8895FAC8F" authorityName="Yamana &amp; Hirashima &amp; Sato &amp; Yamamori" authorityYear="2025" box="[1181,1396,225,249]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Patinapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="edentatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97F9D61FB6924D8895FAC8F" box="[1181,1396,225,249]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Patinapta edentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22257E0F97F9D61FA8824DB8CEDAD6B" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F97F9D61FF57251789A1ABC1" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<table id="F965C429F97F62B3FF57251789A1ABCE" box="[163,1418,301,1976]" gridcols="8" gridrows="42" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF57251789A1AD33" box="[163,1418,301,325]" gridrow="0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5725178D32AD33" box="[163,281,301,325]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Body parts</th>
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB425178E2DAD33" box="[320,518,301,325]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Ossicle-type)</th>
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD225178F05AD33" box="[550,814,301,325]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">2021-INV-972</th>
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB82517887CAD33" box="[844,1111,301,325]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">2021-INV-973</th>
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB80251789A1AD33" box="[1140,1418,301,325]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">2021-INV-974</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF57256F89A1AD18" box="[163,1418,341,366]" gridrow="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF57256F8D32AD18" box="[163,281,341,366]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Tentacle</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB4256F8E2DAD18" box="[320,518,341,366]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
Rods / Granules (
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97F9D61FE06256C8DD4AD1B" box="[498,511,342,365]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">n</emphasis>
)
</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD2256F8F05AD18" box="[550,814,341,366]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">3 / 6</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB8256F887CAD18" box="[844,1111,341,366]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">2 / 13</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB80256F89A1AD18" box="[1140,1418,341,366]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">0 / 11</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF57254489A1ADE0" box="[163,1418,382,406]" gridrow="2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5725448D32ADE0" box="[163,281,382,406]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Length</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB425448E2DADE0" box="[320,518,382,406]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD225448EB1ADE0" box="[550,666,382,406]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">34.8±6.6</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD4325448F05ADE0" box="[695,814,382,406]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(27–49)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB825448F94ADE0" box="[844,959,382,406]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">34.1±10.4</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC152544887CADE0" box="[993,1111,382,406]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(23–63)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB80254488DFADE0" box="[1140,1268,382,406]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">36.4 ± 7.3</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE0254489A1ADE0" box="[1300,1418,382,406]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(22–46)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF57259C89A1ADC8" box="[163,1418,422,446]" gridrow="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF57259C8D32ADC8" box="[163,281,422,446]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Breadth</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB4259C8E2DADC8" box="[320,518,422,446]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD2259C8EB1ADC8" box="[550,666,422,446]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">7.0±1.5</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD43259C8F05ADC8" box="[695,814,422,446]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(5–9)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB8259C8F94ADC8" box="[844,959,422,446]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">10.5±2.5</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC15259C887CADC8" box="[993,1111,422,446]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(5–14)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB80259C88DFADC8" box="[1140,1268,422,446]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">13.4 ± 2.5</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE0259C89A1ADC8" box="[1300,1418,422,446]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(9–17)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF5725F789A1AD90" box="[163,1418,461,486]" gridrow="4" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5725F78D32AD90" box="[163,281,461,486]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97F9D61FF4425F58CE4AD90" box="[176,207,463,486]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">RP</emphasis>
a (%)
</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB425F78E2DAD90" box="[320,518,461,486]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD225F78EB1AD90" box="[550,666,461,486]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">20.7±5.9</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD4325F78F05AD90" box="[695,814,461,486]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(12.8–33.3)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB825F78F94AD90" box="[844,959,461,486]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">33.9±12.2</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC1525F7887CAD90" box="[993,1111,461,486]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(9.5–53.8)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB8025F788DFAD90" box="[1140,1268,461,486]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">37.8 ± 8.9</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE025F789A1AD90" box="[1300,1418,461,486]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(26.1–55.2)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF5725CC89A1AE79" box="[163,1418,502,527]" gridrow="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5725CC8D32AE79" box="[163,281,502,527]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97F9D61FF4425CD8CFBAE78" box="[176,208,503,526]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">RC</emphasis>
b
</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB425CC8E2DAE79" box="[320,518,502,527]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD225CC8EB1AE79" box="[550,666,502,527]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">7.1±2.2</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD4325CC8F05AE79" box="[695,814,502,527]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(4.1–11.1)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB825CC8F94AE79" box="[844,959,502,527]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">6.5±1.4</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC1525CC887CAE79" box="[993,1111,502,527]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(4.8–8.7)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB8025CC88DFAE79" box="[1140,1268,502,527]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">5.7 ± 1.4</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE025CC89A1AE79" box="[1300,1418,502,527]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(4.3–9.1)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF57262589A1AE41" box="[163,1418,543,567]" gridrow="6" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF57262589A1AE41" box="[163,1418,543,567]" colspan="8" colspanRight="7" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ventral side</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF57267D89A1AE29" box="[163,1418,583,607]" gridrow="7" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF57267D8D32AE29" box="[163,281,583,607]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">L-Muscle</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB4267D8E2DAE29" box="[320,518,583,607]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
Granules (
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97F9D61FE3A26728DF0AE29" box="[462,475,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">n</emphasis>
)
</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD2267D8EB1AE29" box="[550,666,583,607]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">9</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB8267D8F94AE29" box="[844,959,583,607]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">13</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB80267D88DFAE29" box="[1140,1268,583,607]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">11</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF57265589A1AEF1" box="[163,1418,623,647]" gridrow="8" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5726558D32AEF1" box="[163,281,623,647]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Length</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB426558E2DAEF1" box="[320,518,623,647]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD226558EB1AEF1" box="[550,666,623,647]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">35.3±4.2</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD4326558F05AEF1" box="[695,814,623,647]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(27–41)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB826558F94AEF1" box="[844,959,623,647]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">66.6 ± 17.9</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC152655887CAEF1" box="[993,1111,623,647]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(47–106)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB80265588DFAEF1" box="[1140,1268,623,647]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">31.9 ± 4.9</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE0265589A1AEF1" box="[1300,1418,623,647]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(24–39)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF5726AD89A1AEC6" box="[163,1418,663,688]" gridrow="9" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5726AD8D32AEC6" box="[163,281,663,688]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Width</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB426AD8E2DAEC6" box="[320,518,663,688]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD226AD8EB1AEC6" box="[550,666,663,688]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">16.0 ± 2.1</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD4326AD8F05AEC6" box="[695,814,663,688]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(14–20)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB826AD8F94AEC6" box="[844,959,663,688]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">28.1 ± 2.7</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC1526AD887CAEC6" box="[993,1111,663,688]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(23–32)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB8026AD88DFAEC6" box="[1140,1268,663,688]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">14.4 ± 3.9</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE026AD89A1AEC6" box="[1300,1418,663,688]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(7–23)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF57268589A1AEAE" box="[163,1418,703,728]" gridrow="10" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5726858D32AEAE" box="[163,281,703,728]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97F9D61FF4426FA8CF9AEA1" box="[176,210,704,727]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">GP</emphasis>
c
</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB426858E2DAEAE" box="[320,518,703,728]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD226858EB1AEAE" box="[550,666,703,728]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">46.3 ± 11.6</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD4326858F05AEAE" box="[695,814,703,728]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(35.0–74.1)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB826858F94AEAE" box="[844,959,703,728]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">44.2 ± 9.7</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC152685887CAEAE" box="[993,1111,703,728]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(29.2–62.5)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB80268588DFAEAE" box="[1140,1268,703,728]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">44.9 ± 10.3</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE0268589A1AEAE" box="[1300,1418,703,728]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(29.2–62.2)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF5726D289A1AF76" box="[163,1418,744,768]" gridrow="11" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5726D28D32AF76" box="[163,281,744,768]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97F9D61FF4426D28CCEAE89" box="[176,229,744,767]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">GCO</emphasis>
d (%)
</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB426D28E2DAF76" box="[320,518,744,768]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Ratio)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD226D28EB1AF76" box="[550,666,744,768]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">0</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD4326D28F05AF76" box="[695,814,744,768]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(O0: C9)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB826D28F94AF76" box="[844,959,744,768]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">0</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC1526D2887CAF76" box="[993,1111,744,768]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(O0: C13)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB8026D288DFAF76" box="[1140,1268,744,768]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">0</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE026D289A1AF76" box="[1300,1418,744,768]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(O0: C11)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF57272A89A1AF5E" box="[163,1418,784,808]" gridrow="12" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF57272A8D32AF5E" box="[163,281,784,808]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Body wall</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB4272A8E2DAF5E" box="[320,518,784,808]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
Anchor plates (
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97F9D61FE13272B8DDFAF5E" box="[487,500,785,808]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">n</emphasis>
)
</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD2272A8EB1AF5E" box="[550,666,784,808]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">10</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB8272A8F94AF5E" box="[844,959,784,808]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">9</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB80272A88DFAF5E" box="[1140,1268,784,808]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF57270289A1AF27" box="[163,1418,824,849]" gridrow="13" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5727028D32AF27" box="[163,281,824,849]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Length</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB427028E2DAF27" box="[320,518,824,849]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD227028EB1AF27" box="[550,666,824,849]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">113.8 ± 6.0</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD4327028F05AF27" box="[695,814,824,849]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(104–121)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB827028F94AF27" box="[844,959,824,849]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">99.1 ± 1.7</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC152702887CAF27" box="[993,1111,824,849]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(97–103)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB80270288DFAF27" box="[1140,1268,824,849]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">105.0 ± 4.9</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE0270289A1AF27" box="[1300,1418,824,849]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(99–111)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF57275B89A1AF0F" box="[163,1418,865,889]" gridrow="14" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF57275B8D32AF0F" box="[163,281,865,889]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Width</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB4275B8E2DAF0F" box="[320,518,865,889]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD2275B8EB1AF0F" box="[550,666,865,889]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">67.5 ± 4.9</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD43275B8F05AF0F" box="[695,814,865,889]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(60–75)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB8275B8F94AF0F" box="[844,959,865,889]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">68.3 ± 2.6</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC15275B887CAF0F" box="[993,1111,865,889]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(65–72)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB80275B88DFAF0F" box="[1140,1268,865,889]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">71.5 ± 2.6</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE0275B89A1AF0F" box="[1300,1418,865,889]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(69–75)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF5727B289A1AFD7" box="[163,1418,904,929]" gridrow="15" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5727B28D32AFD7" box="[163,281,904,929]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97F9D61FF4427B38CF7AFD6" box="[176,220,905,928]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">APS</emphasis>
e
</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB427B28E2DAFD7" box="[320,518,904,929]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD227B28EB1AFD7" box="[550,666,904,929]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">0.4 ± 0.3</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD4327B28F05AFD7" box="[695,814,904,929]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(0–0.7)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB827B28F94AFD7" box="[844,959,904,929]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">0.5 ± 0.3</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC1527B2887CAFD7" box="[993,1111,904,929]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(0–0.7)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB8027B288DFAFD7" box="[1140,1268,904,929]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">0.2 ± 0.3</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE027B289A1AFD7" box="[1300,1418,904,929]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(0–0.7)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF57278B89A1AFBF" box="[163,1418,945,969]" gridrow="16" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF57278B8D32AFBF" box="[163,281,945,969]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97F9D61FF4427888CFEAFBF" box="[176,213,946,969]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ntp</emphasis>
f
</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB4278B8E2DAFBF" box="[320,518,945,969]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD2278B8EB1AFBF" box="[550,666,945,969]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">0</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD43278B8F05AFBF" box="[695,814,945,969]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">-</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB8278B8F94AFBF" box="[844,959,945,969]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">0</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC15278B887CAFBF" box="[993,1111,945,969]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">-</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB80278B88DFAFBF" box="[1140,1268,945,969]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">0</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE0278B89A1AFBF" box="[1300,1418,945,969]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF5727E389A1AF84" box="[163,1418,985,1010]" gridrow="17" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5727E38D32AF84" box="[163,281,985,1010]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97F9D61FF4427E08CF6AF87" box="[176,221,986,1009]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">APT</emphasis>
g (%)
</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB427E38E2DAF84" box="[320,518,985,1010]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD227E38EB1AF84" box="[550,666,985,1010]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">0</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD4327E38F05AF84" box="[695,814,985,1010]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">-</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB827E38F94AF84" box="[844,959,985,1010]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">0</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC1527E3887CAF84" box="[993,1111,985,1010]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">-</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB8027E388DFAF84" box="[1140,1268,985,1010]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">0</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE027E389A1AF84" box="[1300,1418,985,1010]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF57203889A1A86C" box="[163,1418,1026,1050]" gridrow="18" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5720388D32A86C" box="[163,281,1026,1050]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Body wall</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB420388E2DA86C" box="[320,518,1026,1050]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
Anchor (
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97F9D61FE3220398DF8A86C" box="[454,467,1027,1050]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">n</emphasis>
)
</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD220388EB1A86C" box="[550,666,1026,1050]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">10</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB820388F94A86C" box="[844,959,1026,1050]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">7</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB80203888DFA86C" box="[1140,1268,1026,1050]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF57201089A1A834" box="[163,1418,1066,1090]" gridrow="19" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5720108D32A834" box="[163,281,1066,1090]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Length</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB420108E2DA834" box="[320,518,1066,1090]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD220108EB1A834" box="[550,666,1066,1090]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">147.3 ± 6.4</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD4320108F05A834" box="[695,814,1066,1090]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(138–159)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB820108F94A834" box="[844,959,1066,1090]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">151.3 ± 5.7</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC152010887CA834" box="[993,1111,1066,1090]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(143–159)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB80201088DFA834" box="[1140,1268,1066,1090]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">169.3 ± 1.5</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE0201089A1A834" box="[1300,1418,1066,1090]" gridcol="7" gridrow="19" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(168–171)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF57206889A1A81C" box="[163,1418,1106,1130]" gridrow="20" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5720688D32A81C" box="[163,281,1106,1130]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Width</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB420688E2DA81C" box="[320,518,1106,1130]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD220688EB1A81C" box="[550,666,1106,1130]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">80.3 ± 5.5</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD4320688F05A81C" box="[695,814,1106,1130]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(72–89)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB820688F94A81C" box="[844,959,1106,1130]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">71.0 ± 4.5</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC152068887CA81C" box="[993,1111,1106,1130]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(62–75)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB80206888DFA81C" box="[1140,1268,1106,1130]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">76.3 ± 1.5</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE0206889A1A81C" box="[1300,1418,1106,1130]" gridcol="7" gridrow="20" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(75–78)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF57204089A1A8E5" box="[163,1418,1146,1171]" gridrow="21" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5720408D32A8E5" box="[163,281,1146,1171]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Teeth</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB420408E2DA8E5" box="[320,518,1146,1171]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD220408EB1A8E5" box="[550,666,1146,1171]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">4.7 ± 1.1</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD4320408F05A8E5" box="[695,814,1146,1171]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(3–6)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB820408F94A8E5" box="[844,959,1146,1171]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">5.1 ± 1.3</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC152040887CA8E5" box="[993,1111,1146,1171]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(3–7)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB80204088DFA8E5" box="[1140,1268,1146,1171]" gridcol="6" gridrow="21" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">2.8 ± 1.0</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE0204089A1A8E5" box="[1300,1418,1146,1171]" gridcol="7" gridrow="21" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(2–4)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF57209989A1A8CD" box="[163,1418,1187,1211]" gridrow="22" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5720998D32A8CD" box="[163,281,1187,1211]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97F9D61FF4420998CCAA8CC" box="[176,225,1187,1210]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">ASW</emphasis>
h(%)
</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB420998E2DA8CD" box="[320,518,1187,1211]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD220998EB1A8CD" box="[550,666,1187,1211]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">22.2 ± 2.4</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD4320998F05A8CD" box="[695,814,1187,1211]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(19.3–27.8)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB820998F94A8CD" box="[844,959,1187,1211]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">23.8 ± 1.9</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC152099887CA8CD" box="[993,1111,1187,1211]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(21.6–27.4)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB80209988DFA8CD" box="[1140,1268,1187,1211]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">25.7 ± 0.8</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE0209989A1A8CD" box="[1300,1418,1187,1211]" gridcol="7" gridrow="22" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(24.7–26.7)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF5720F189A1A895" box="[163,1418,1227,1251]" gridrow="23" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5720F18D32A895" box="[163,281,1227,1251]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97F9D61FF4420F18CCFA894" box="[176,228,1227,1250]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">AEW</emphasis>
i (%)
</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB420F18E2DA895" box="[320,518,1227,1251]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD220F18EB1A895" box="[550,666,1227,1251]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">47.4 ± 3.9</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD4320F18F05A895" box="[695,814,1227,1251]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(40.2–51.9)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB820F18F94A895" box="[844,959,1227,1251]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">53.1 ± 1.3</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC1520F1887CA895" box="[993,1111,1227,1251]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(51.4–55.4)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB8020F188DFA895" box="[1140,1268,1227,1251]" gridcol="6" gridrow="23" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">50.2 ± 1.5</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE020F189A1A895" box="[1300,1418,1227,1251]" gridcol="7" gridrow="23" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(48.7–52.0)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF5720C989A1A97D" box="[163,1418,1267,1291]" gridrow="24" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5720C989A1A97D" box="[163,1418,1267,1291]" colspan="8" colspanRight="7" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Dorsal side</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF57212189A1A942" box="[163,1418,1307,1332]" gridrow="25" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5721218D32A942" box="[163,281,1307,1332]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">L-Muscle</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB421218E2DA942" box="[320,518,1307,1332]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
Granules (
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97F9D61FE3A21268DF0A945" box="[462,475,1308,1331]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">n</emphasis>
)
</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD221218EB1A942" box="[550,666,1307,1332]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">13</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB821218F94A942" box="[844,959,1307,1332]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">16</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB80212188DFA942" box="[1140,1268,1307,1332]" gridcol="6" gridrow="25" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">12</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF57217E89A1A92A" box="[163,1418,1348,1372]" gridrow="26" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF57217E8D32A92A" box="[163,281,1348,1372]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Length</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB4217E8E2DA92A" box="[320,518,1348,1372]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD2217E8EB1A92A" box="[550,666,1348,1372]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">34.7±4.8</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD43217E8F05A92A" box="[695,814,1348,1372]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(25–40)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB8217E8F94A92A" box="[844,959,1348,1372]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">65.0 ± 9.7</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC15217E887CA92A" box="[993,1111,1348,1372]" gridcol="5" gridrow="26" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(49–85)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB80217E88DFA92A" box="[1140,1268,1348,1372]" gridcol="6" gridrow="26" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">30.1 ± 6.1</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE0217E89A1A92A" box="[1300,1418,1348,1372]" gridcol="7" gridrow="26" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(24–43)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF57215689A1A9F2" box="[163,1418,1388,1412]" gridrow="27" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5721568D32A9F2" box="[163,281,1388,1412]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Width</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB421568E2DA9F2" box="[320,518,1388,1412]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD221568EB1A9F2" box="[550,666,1388,1412]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">18.3 ± 3.4</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD4321568F05A9F2" box="[695,814,1388,1412]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(14–26)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB821568F94A9F2" box="[844,959,1388,1412]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">28.5 ± 4.6</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC152156887CA9F2" box="[993,1111,1388,1412]" gridcol="5" gridrow="27" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(18–36)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB80215688DFA9F2" box="[1140,1268,1388,1412]" gridcol="6" gridrow="27" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">12.6 ± 2.2</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE0215689A1A9F2" box="[1300,1418,1388,1412]" gridcol="7" gridrow="27" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(9–18)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF5721A989A1A9DA" box="[163,1418,1427,1452]" gridrow="28" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5721A98D32A9DA" box="[163,281,1427,1452]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97F9D61FF4421AF8CF9A9DA" box="[176,210,1429,1452]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">GP</emphasis>
c
</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB421A98E2DA9DA" box="[320,518,1427,1452]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD221A98EB1A9DA" box="[550,666,1427,1452]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">53.2 ± 9.3</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD4321A98F05A9DA" box="[695,814,1427,1452]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(40.5–74.3)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB821A98F94A9DA" box="[844,959,1427,1452]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">44.4 ± 7.3</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC1521A9887CA9DA" box="[993,1111,1427,1452]" gridcol="5" gridrow="28" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(32.7–54.8)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB8021A988DFA9DA" box="[1140,1268,1427,1452]" gridcol="6" gridrow="28" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">42.9 ± 7.3</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE021A989A1A9DA" box="[1300,1418,1427,1452]" gridcol="7" gridrow="28" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(30.2–54.2)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF57218689A1A9A3" box="[163,1418,1468,1493]" gridrow="29" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5721868D32A9A3" box="[163,281,1468,1493]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97F9D61FF4421878CCEA9A2" box="[176,229,1469,1492]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">GCO</emphasis>
d (%)
</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB421868E2DA9A3" box="[320,518,1468,1493]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Ratio)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD221868EB1A9A3" box="[550,666,1468,1493]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">0</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD4321868F05A9A3" box="[695,814,1468,1493]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(O0: C13)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB821868F94A9A3" box="[844,959,1468,1493]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">0</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC152186887CA9A3" box="[993,1111,1468,1493]" gridcol="5" gridrow="29" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(O0: C16)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB80218688DFA9A3" box="[1140,1268,1468,1493]" gridcol="6" gridrow="29" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">0</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE0218689A1A9A3" box="[1300,1418,1468,1493]" gridcol="7" gridrow="29" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(O0: C12)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF5721DF89A1A98B" box="[163,1418,1509,1533]" gridrow="30" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5721DF8D32A98B" box="[163,281,1509,1533]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Body wall</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB421DF8E2DA98B" box="[320,518,1509,1533]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
Anchor plates (
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97F9D61FE1321DC8DDFA98B" box="[487,500,1510,1533]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">n</emphasis>
)
</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD221DF8EB1A98B" box="[550,666,1509,1533]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">8</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB821DF8F94A98B" box="[844,959,1509,1533]" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">10</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB8021DF88DFA98B" box="[1140,1268,1509,1533]" gridcol="6" gridrow="30" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF57223789A1AA53" box="[163,1418,1549,1573]" gridrow="31" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5722378D32AA53" box="[163,281,1549,1573]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Length</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB422378E2DAA53" box="[320,518,1549,1573]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD222378EB1AA53" box="[550,666,1549,1573]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">111.5 ± 6.5</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD4322378F05AA53" box="[695,814,1549,1573]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(105–124)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB822378F94AA53" box="[844,959,1549,1573]" gridcol="4" gridrow="31" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">103.8 ± 4.4</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC152237887CAA53" box="[993,1111,1549,1573]" gridcol="5" gridrow="31" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(98–112)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB80223788DFAA53" box="[1140,1268,1549,1573]" gridcol="6" gridrow="31" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">97.0 ± 9.8</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE0223789A1AA53" box="[1300,1418,1549,1573]" gridcol="7" gridrow="31" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(79–110)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF57220F89A1AA3B" box="[163,1418,1589,1613]" gridrow="32" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF57220F8D32AA3B" box="[163,281,1589,1613]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Width</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB4220F8E2DAA3B" box="[320,518,1589,1613]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD2220F8EB1AA3B" box="[550,666,1589,1613]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">65.1 ± 6.5</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD43220F8F05AA3B" box="[695,814,1589,1613]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(54–71)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB8220F8F94AA3B" box="[844,959,1589,1613]" gridcol="4" gridrow="32" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">70.9 ± 5.2</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC15220F887CAA3B" box="[993,1111,1589,1613]" gridcol="5" gridrow="32" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(60–77)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB80220F88DFAA3B" box="[1140,1268,1589,1613]" gridcol="6" gridrow="32" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">62.0 ±9.3</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE0220F89A1AA3B" box="[1300,1418,1589,1613]" gridcol="7" gridrow="32" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(43–70)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF57226789A1AA00" box="[163,1418,1629,1654]" gridrow="33" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5722678D32AA00" box="[163,281,1629,1654]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97F9D61FF4422648CF7AA03" box="[176,220,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">APS</emphasis>
e
</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB422678E2DAA00" box="[320,518,1629,1654]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD222678EB1AA00" box="[550,666,1629,1654]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">0.6 ± 0.1</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD4322678F05AA00" box="[695,814,1629,1654]" gridcol="3" gridrow="33" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(0.5–0.7)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB822678F94AA00" box="[844,959,1629,1654]" gridcol="4" gridrow="33" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">0.9 ± 0.6</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC152267887CAA00" box="[993,1111,1629,1654]" gridcol="5" gridrow="33" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(0.6–2.7)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB80226788DFAA00" box="[1140,1268,1629,1654]" gridcol="6" gridrow="33" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">0.4 ± 0.4</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE0226789A1AA00" box="[1300,1418,1629,1654]" gridcol="7" gridrow="33" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(0–0.7)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF5722BC89A1AAE8" box="[163,1418,1670,1694]" gridrow="34" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5722BC8D32AAE8" box="[163,281,1670,1694]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97F9D61FF4422BD8CFEAAE8" box="[176,213,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ntp</emphasis>
f
</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB422BC8E2DAAE8" box="[320,518,1670,1694]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD222BC8EB1AAE8" box="[550,666,1670,1694]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">0</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD4322BC8F05AAE8" box="[695,814,1670,1694]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">-</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB822BC8F94AAE8" box="[844,959,1670,1694]" gridcol="4" gridrow="34" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">0</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC1522BC887CAAE8" box="[993,1111,1670,1694]" gridcol="5" gridrow="34" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">-</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB8022BC88DFAAE8" box="[1140,1268,1670,1694]" gridcol="6" gridrow="34" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">0</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE022BC89A1AAE8" box="[1300,1418,1670,1694]" gridcol="7" gridrow="34" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF57229789A1AAB0" box="[163,1418,1709,1734]" gridrow="35" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5722978D32AAB0" box="[163,281,1709,1734]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97F9D61FF4422948CF6AAB3" box="[176,221,1710,1733]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">APT</emphasis>
g (%)
</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB422978E2DAAB0" box="[320,518,1709,1734]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD222978EB1AAB0" box="[550,666,1709,1734]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">0</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD4322978F05AAB0" box="[695,814,1709,1734]" gridcol="3" gridrow="35" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">-</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB822978F94AAB0" box="[844,959,1709,1734]" gridcol="4" gridrow="35" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">0</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC152297887CAAB0" box="[993,1111,1709,1734]" gridcol="5" gridrow="35" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">-</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB80229788DFAAB0" box="[1140,1268,1709,1734]" gridcol="6" gridrow="35" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">0</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE0229789A1AAB0" box="[1300,1418,1709,1734]" gridcol="7" gridrow="35" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF5722EC89A1AA99" box="[163,1418,1750,1775]" gridrow="36" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5722EC8D32AA99" box="[163,281,1750,1775]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Body wall</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB422EC8E2DAA99" box="[320,518,1750,1775]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
Anchor (
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97F9D61FE3222ED8DF8AA98" box="[454,467,1751,1774]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">n</emphasis>
)
</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD222EC8EB1AA99" box="[550,666,1750,1775]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">10</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB822EC8F94AA99" box="[844,959,1750,1775]" gridcol="4" gridrow="36" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">5</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB8022EC88DFAA99" box="[1140,1268,1750,1775]" gridcol="6" gridrow="36" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF5722C489A1AB61" box="[163,1418,1790,1815]" gridrow="37" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5722C48D32AB61" box="[163,281,1790,1815]" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Length</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB422C48E2DAB61" box="[320,518,1790,1815]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD222C48EB1AB61" box="[550,666,1790,1815]" gridcol="2" gridrow="37" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">144.9 ± 7.4</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD4322C48F05AB61" box="[695,814,1790,1815]" gridcol="3" gridrow="37" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(133–157)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB822C48F94AB61" box="[844,959,1790,1815]" gridcol="4" gridrow="37" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">162.0 ± 3.2</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC1522C4887CAB61" box="[993,1111,1790,1815]" gridcol="5" gridrow="37" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(158–165)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB8022C488DFAB61" box="[1140,1268,1790,1815]" gridcol="6" gridrow="37" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">159.1 ± 13.5</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE022C489A1AB61" box="[1300,1418,1790,1815]" gridcol="7" gridrow="37" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(143–184)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF57231D89A1AB49" box="[163,1418,1831,1855]" gridrow="38" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF57231D8D32AB49" box="[163,281,1831,1855]" gridcol="0" gridrow="38" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Width</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB4231D8E2DAB49" box="[320,518,1831,1855]" gridcol="1" gridrow="38" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD2231D8EB1AB49" box="[550,666,1831,1855]" gridcol="2" gridrow="38" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">76.6 ± 4.6</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD43231D8F05AB49" box="[695,814,1831,1855]" gridcol="3" gridrow="38" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(68–83)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB8231D8F94AB49" box="[844,959,1831,1855]" gridcol="4" gridrow="38" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">40.6 ± 2.4</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC15231D887CAB49" box="[993,1111,1831,1855]" gridcol="5" gridrow="38" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(38–44)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB80231D88DFAB49" box="[1140,1268,1831,1855]" gridcol="6" gridrow="38" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">71.7±6.0</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE0231D89A1AB49" box="[1300,1418,1831,1855]" gridcol="7" gridrow="38" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(64–81)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF57237589A1AB11" box="[163,1418,1871,1895]" gridrow="39" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5723758D32AB11" box="[163,281,1871,1895]" gridcol="0" gridrow="39" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Teeth</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB423758E2DAB11" box="[320,518,1871,1895]" gridcol="1" gridrow="39" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD223758EB1AB11" box="[550,666,1871,1895]" gridcol="2" gridrow="39" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">3.7 ± 0.8</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD4323758F05AB11" box="[695,814,1871,1895]" gridcol="3" gridrow="39" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(3–5)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB823758F94AB11" box="[844,959,1871,1895]" gridcol="4" gridrow="39" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">5.2 ± 1.5</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC152375887CAB11" box="[993,1111,1871,1895]" gridcol="5" gridrow="39" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(5–7)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB80237588DFAB11" box="[1140,1268,1871,1895]" gridcol="6" gridrow="39" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">3.1 ± 1.1</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE0237589A1AB11" box="[1300,1418,1871,1895]" gridcol="7" gridrow="39" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(2–5)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF57234D89A1ABF9" box="[163,1418,1911,1935]" gridrow="40" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF57234D8D32ABF9" box="[163,281,1911,1935]" gridcol="0" gridrow="40" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97F9D61FF4423428CCAABF9" box="[176,225,1912,1935]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">ASW</emphasis>
h(%)
</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB4234D8E2DABF9" box="[320,518,1911,1935]" gridcol="1" gridrow="40" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD2234D8EB1ABF9" box="[550,666,1911,1935]" gridcol="2" gridrow="40" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">23.1 ± 1.9</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD43234D8F05ABF9" box="[695,814,1911,1935]" gridcol="3" gridrow="40" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(20.0–25.7)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB8234D8F94ABF9" box="[844,959,1911,1935]" gridcol="4" gridrow="40" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">24.5 ± 1.2</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC15234D887CABF9" box="[993,1111,1911,1935]" gridcol="5" gridrow="40" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(22.9–25.7)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB80234D88DFABF9" box="[1140,1268,1911,1935]" gridcol="6" gridrow="40" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">25.0 ± 1.7</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE0234D89A1ABF9" box="[1300,1418,1911,1935]" gridcol="7" gridrow="40" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(21.6–27.3)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97F62B3FF5723A589A1ABCE" box="[163,1418,1951,1976]" gridrow="41" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<th id="76845DB7F97F62B3FF5723A58D32ABCE" box="[163,281,1951,1976]" gridcol="0" gridrow="41" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97F9D61FF44239A8CCFABC1" box="[176,228,1952,1975]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">AEW</emphasis>
i (%)
</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FEB423A58E2DABCE" box="[320,518,1951,1976]" gridcol="1" gridrow="41" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(Range)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FDD223A58EB1ABCE" box="[550,666,1951,1976]" gridcol="2" gridrow="41" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">49.2 ± 4.5</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FD4323A58F05ABCE" box="[695,814,1951,1976]" gridcol="3" gridrow="41" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(42.2–57.4)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FCB823A58F94ABCE" box="[844,959,1951,1976]" gridcol="4" gridrow="41" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">55.7 ± 1.6</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FC1523A5887CABCE" box="[993,1111,1951,1976]" gridcol="5" gridrow="41" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(54.1–57.9)</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FB8023A588DFABCE" box="[1140,1268,1951,1976]" gridcol="6" gridrow="41" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">47.4 ± 4.1</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97F62B3FAE023A589A1ABCE" box="[1300,1418,1951,1976]" gridcol="7" gridrow="41" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">(39.5–52.7)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F97F9D61FF6323FF89A1ABAB" blockId="45.[151,1418,1989,2013]" box="[151,1418,1989,2013]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<tableNote id="76833707F97F9D61FF6323FF89A1ABAB" box="[151,1418,1989,2013]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" targetBox="[163,1418,301,1976]" targetPageId="45">
a–i, (see, Materials and Methods) Indicators for ossicles shape, and one parameter (
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97F9D61FBE623FC8812ABAB" box="[1042,1081,1990,2013]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ntp</emphasis>
, number s teethed perforation).
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F97C9D62FF6324AD892AAD37" blockId="46.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Body wall ossicles anchors and anchor plates (
<figureCitation id="135E2A0CF97C9D62FD6824AD8EC4ACC7" box="[668,751,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,345,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-81@44.[155,1433,345,1821]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 22. SEM images of the ossicles extracted from a specimen collected from Kabira Bay, Ishigaki-jima Island, Okinawa, erected as Patinapta edentatus sp. nov., in the present study (holotype specimen, WMNH-2021-INV-973): A, ossicles from tentacle; B, ossicles from mid-dorsal body wall; C, ossicles from mid-dorsal longitudinal muscle; D, ossicles from mid-ventral body wall; E, ossicles from mid-ventral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14703578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14703578/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6E70332F97C9D62FD0C24AD8F70ACC7" box="[760,859,151,177]" captionStart="TABLE 13" captionStartId="45.[152,244,225,249]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="TABLE 13. Measurements (mean±SD μm) and counts of ossicles of the present specimens of Patinapta edentatus sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A6601F97F9D61FF6C24DB8CEDAD6B" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" tableUuid="DF1A6601F97F9D61FF6C24DB8CEDAD6B">Table 13</tableCitation>
). Anchor plates ranged within 97–112 μm in length. Size of perforations not noticeably variable between central area and marginal area, but almost constant between central area. Perforations of anchor plate ossicles toothless, seven ovoid form, central one and marginal six, arranged by symmetrical hexagonal layout, without marginal teeth around outer rim of plates. Two calculated indicators for anchor plates and a parameter were variated within 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FD2E251D8F21AD37" box="[730,778,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">APS</emphasis>
=0–2.7; 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FC93251D8FA4AD36" box="[871,911,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Ntp</emphasis>
=0; 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FC48251D8FC5AD37" box="[956,1006,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">APT</emphasis>
=0% (
<figureCitation id="135E2A0CF97C9D62FBC7251D88ADAD37" box="[1075,1158,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,345,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-81@44.[155,1433,345,1821]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 22. SEM images of the ossicles extracted from a specimen collected from Kabira Bay, Ishigaki-jima Island, Okinawa, erected as Patinapta edentatus sp. nov., in the present study (holotype specimen, WMNH-2021-INV-973): A, ossicles from tentacle; B, ossicles from mid-dorsal body wall; C, ossicles from mid-dorsal longitudinal muscle; D, ossicles from mid-ventral body wall; E, ossicles from mid-ventral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14703578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14703578/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6E70332F97C9D62FB64251D88DFAD37" box="[1168,1268,295,321]" captionStart="TABLE 13" captionStartId="45.[152,244,225,249]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="TABLE 13. Measurements (mean±SD μm) and counts of ossicles of the present specimens of Patinapta edentatus sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A6601F97F9D61FF6C24DB8CEDAD6B" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" tableUuid="DF1A6601F97F9D61FF6C24DB8CEDAD6B">Table 13</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F97C9D62FF3325718D1DAD83" blockId="46.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Anchor ossicles ranged within 143–165 μm in length (
<figureCitation id="135E2A0CF97C9D62FCD925718FAAAD13" box="[813,897,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,345,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-81@44.[155,1433,345,1821]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 22. SEM images of the ossicles extracted from a specimen collected from Kabira Bay, Ishigaki-jima Island, Okinawa, erected as Patinapta edentatus sp. nov., in the present study (holotype specimen, WMNH-2021-INV-973): A, ossicles from tentacle; B, ossicles from mid-dorsal body wall; C, ossicles from mid-dorsal longitudinal muscle; D, ossicles from mid-ventral body wall; E, ossicles from mid-ventral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14703578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14703578/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
, Table 19). All the anchor arms (bills) equipped with minute teeth on their outer tips, numbers of teeth variable within 3–7 (mostly 
<quantity id="4C9D9B6CF97C9D62FBBB255588BCADFF" box="[1103,1175,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="in" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 in</quantity>
one arm of the anchor ossicle), and anchor ossicles of this specimen possess stem broad also relatively narrow anchor arms width, with 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FF63258D8CE6ADA7" box="[151,205,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">ASW</emphasis>
=21.8–29.5%; 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FE83258D8D9AADA7" box="[375,433,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">AEW</emphasis>
=41.2–60.7%. T-shaped basal end of the anchor ossicle of this species crescent-shaped (
<figureCitation id="135E2A0CF97C9D62FF6B25E18D02AD83" box="[159,297,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,345,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-81@44.[155,1433,345,1821]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 22. SEM images of the ossicles extracted from a specimen collected from Kabira Bay, Ishigaki-jima Island, Okinawa, erected as Patinapta edentatus sp. nov., in the present study (holotype specimen, WMNH-2021-INV-973): A, ossicles from tentacle; B, ossicles from mid-dorsal body wall; C, ossicles from mid-dorsal longitudinal muscle; D, ossicles from mid-ventral body wall; E, ossicles from mid-ventral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14703578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14703578/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 22B; D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F97C9D62FF3325C58EB2AE17" blockId="46.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Body longitudinal muscle, all elongated C-shaped granule ossicles of this specimen ranged within 47–106 μm in length (
<figureCitation id="135E2A0CF97C9D62FEFC26198D70AE4B" box="[264,347,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,345,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-81@44.[155,1433,345,1821]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 22. SEM images of the ossicles extracted from a specimen collected from Kabira Bay, Ishigaki-jima Island, Okinawa, erected as Patinapta edentatus sp. nov., in the present study (holotype specimen, WMNH-2021-INV-973): A, ossicles from tentacle; B, ossicles from mid-dorsal body wall; C, ossicles from mid-dorsal longitudinal muscle; D, ossicles from mid-ventral body wall; E, ossicles from mid-ventral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14703578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14703578/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6E70332F97C9D62FE9126198DE3AE4B" box="[357,456,547,573]" captionStart="TABLE 13" captionStartId="45.[152,244,225,249]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="TABLE 13. Measurements (mean±SD μm) and counts of ossicles of the present specimens of Patinapta edentatus sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A6601F97F9D61FF6C24DB8CEDAD6B" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" tableUuid="DF1A6601F97F9D61FF6C24DB8CEDAD6B">Table 13</tableCitation>
). The calculated indicator for granule proportions was variated within 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FB2C261988D6AE4B" box="[1240,1277,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">GP</emphasis>
=29.2–62.5%; 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FF63267D8CF9AE17" box="[151,210,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">GCO</emphasis>
=0%, no O-shape granules were present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F97C9D62FF3326518E82AEBB" blockId="46.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Tentacle ossicles ranged within 23–63 μm in length (
<figureCitation id="135E2A0CF97C9D62FCDE26518FABAEF3" box="[810,896,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,345,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-81@44.[155,1433,345,1821]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 22. SEM images of the ossicles extracted from a specimen collected from Kabira Bay, Ishigaki-jima Island, Okinawa, erected as Patinapta edentatus sp. nov., in the present study (holotype specimen, WMNH-2021-INV-973): A, ossicles from tentacle; B, ossicles from mid-dorsal body wall; C, ossicles from mid-dorsal longitudinal muscle; D, ossicles from mid-ventral body wall; E, ossicles from mid-ventral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14703578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14703578/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6E70332F97C9D62FC7926518FD9AEF3" box="[909,1010,619,645]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="36.[152,244,872,896]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="TABLE 10. List of WMNH-INV specimens of Patinapta parvaspiculus sp. nov. as of 2024." pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Table 10</tableCitation>
), mostly elongated C-shaped granule ossicles with few simple rod ossicles. Two calculated indicators for rod proportions and complexities were variated within 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FF1226898D23AEBA" box="[230,264,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">RP</emphasis>
=9.5–53.8%; 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FE5426898DEFAEBB" box="[416,452,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">RC</emphasis>
=4.8–8.7 (
<tableCitation id="C6E70332F97C9D62FDC226898EB7AEBB" box="[566,668,691,717]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="36.[152,244,872,896]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="TABLE 10. List of WMNH-INV specimens of Patinapta parvaspiculus sp. nov. as of 2024." pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Table 10</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F97C9D62FF6327248F36AF4E" blockId="46.[151,797,798,825]" box="[151,797,798,825]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FF6327248F36AF4E" bold="true" box="[151,797,798,825]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Observation on the morphologies of calcareous ring</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F97C9D62FF63275D8D3AA843" blockId="46.[151,1436,871,1077]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Calcareous plates 12 (
<figureCitation id="135E2A0CF97C9D62FE64275D8DCEAFF7" box="[400,485,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1409,1433]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,1106,1381]" captionTargetId="figure-368@46.[151,1435,1101,1386]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 23. Outer-surface view of calcareous ring of the calcareous ring plates of a specimen collected from Kabira Bay, Ishigaki-jima Island, Okinawa, erected as Patinapta edentatus sp. nov., in the present study (holotype specimen, WMNH-2021- INV-973). The positions of the plates are denoted by Ludwig’s [1889–1892 (1889), p156] system: RI–RV and IR1–IR5 where R and IR stands for positions for radius and interradius, respectively. Hence RI, mid-ventral; RII, left ventral; RIII, right ventral; RIV, left dorsal; RV, right dorsal; and: IR1, left ventral; IR2, right ventral; IR3-IR3’, left dorso-lateral; IR4-IR4’, right dorsolateral; IR5, mid-dorsal. Anterior top." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14703580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14703580/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
), thin and plate-like, with posterior depression on every plate other than the 4 plates situated in right and left dorso-lateral positions (
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FD3027B18F9BAFD2" box="[708,944,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">IR4’; RIII; IR3’; RII</emphasis>
), where additional interradial plates (
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FA9527B18CE2AFBF" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">IR4’; IR3’</emphasis>
) and adjacent radial plates (
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FDFA27958E59AFBE" box="[526,626,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">RIII; RII</emphasis>
) construct a wide space (like a “interradial perforation”) between their lateral ends. Three radial plates (
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FDF227E98EA6AF9A" box="[518,653,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">RI; RIV; RV</emphasis>
) with slight anterior projection and perforation, also interradial plates with slight anterior projection, however medio-dorsal plate 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FCCA27CD8F44A867" box="[830,879,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">(IR5</emphasis>
) with only posterior depression, lacking anterior projection.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1A6601F97C9D62FF6321BB8E39AA3B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14703580" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14703580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14703580/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" startId="46.[151,250,1409,1433]" targetBox="[163,1423,1106,1381]" targetPageId="46" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F97C9D62FF6321BB8E39AA3B" blockId="46.[151,1437,1409,1614]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FF6321BB8D09A9EF" bold="true" box="[151,290,1409,1433]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 23.</emphasis>
Outer-surface view of calcareous ring of the calcareous ring plates of a specimen collected from Kabira Bay, Ishigaki-jima Island, Okinawa, erected as 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D0AF97C9D62FDCA219C8F22A9C8" authorityName="Yamana &amp; Hirashima &amp; Sato &amp; Yamamori" authorityYear="2025" box="[574,777,1446,1470]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Patinapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="edentatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FDCA219C8F22A9C8" box="[574,777,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Patinapta edentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FCFB219C8F75A9C8" bold="true" box="[783,862,1446,1470]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22257E0F97C9D62FCFB219C8F75A9C8" box="[783,862,1446,1470]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, in the present study (holotype specimen, WMNH-2021- INV-973). The positions of the plates are denoted by Ludwig’s [1889–1892 (1889), p156] system: 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FB8E21F08897A997" box="[1146,1212,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">RI–RV</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FB1921F08969A997" box="[1261,1346,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">IR1–IR5</emphasis>
where 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FA7921F089B7A997" box="[1421,1436,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">R</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FF3721D48CF0AA73" box="[195,219,1518,1541]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">IR</emphasis>
stands for positions for radius and interradius, respectively. Hence 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FC7921D48F8EAA73" box="[909,933,1518,1541]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">RI</emphasis>
, mid-ventral; 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FBC221D4887DAA73" box="[1078,1110,1518,1541]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">RII</emphasis>
, left ventral; 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FB1621D48920AA73" box="[1250,1291,1518,1541]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">RIII</emphasis>
, right ventral; 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FF6322288C95AA5F" box="[151,190,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">RIV</emphasis>
, left dorsal; 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FEB722288D4AAA5F" box="[323,353,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">RV</emphasis>
, right dorsal; and: 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FDDC22288E66AA5C" box="[552,589,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">IR1</emphasis>
, left ventral; 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FD2E22288ED4AA5C" box="[730,767,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">IR2</emphasis>
, right ventral; 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FC6E22288FDFAA5C" box="[922,1012,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">IR3-IR3’</emphasis>
, left dorso-lateral; 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FB4F2228893EAA5C" box="[1211,1301,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">IR4-IR4’</emphasis>
, right dorsolateral; 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FF10220C8D23AA3B" box="[228,264,1590,1613]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">IR5</emphasis>
, mid-dorsal. Anterior top.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F97C9D62FF6322A58EEAAACF" blockId="46.[151,705,1695,1722]" box="[151,705,1695,1722]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FF6322A58EEAAACF" bold="true" box="[151,705,1695,1722]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Ossicle variation among the 
<specimenCount id="9D63FD00F97C9D62FE0E229A8EEAAACF" box="[506,705,1695,1722]" count="3" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F97C9D62FF6322D2880EABE4" blockId="46.[151,1437,1768,2010]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
The 
<specimenCount id="9D63FD00F97C9D62FF3B22D28DA3AB74" box="[207,392,1768,1794]" count="3" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
examined were chosen as largest specimens of this species housed in the WMNH-INV collection, approximately 
<quantity id="4C9D9B6CF97C9D62FE3623368E16AB50" box="[450,573,1804,1831]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="57.5" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="45.0">45–70 mm</quantity>
in length (
<tableCitation id="C6E70332F97C9D62FD4923368F3FAB50" box="[701,788,1804,1830]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[152,244,152,176]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (mm) of body size and internal organs and their positions from specimens examined." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A6601F9549D4AFF6C24A2896CACC6" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" tableUuid="DF1A6601F9549D4AFF6C24A2896CACC6">Table 1</tableCitation>
), and all 
<specimenCount id="9D63FD00F97C9D62FC7323368816AB50" box="[903,1085,1804,1830]" count="3" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
well-matured possessing fully equipped gonad tubules in their body cavities. Their bodies were extremely contracted by shrunken latitudinal muscle caused by unanesthetized fixiation, and resulting in the largest specimen autotomized on the anterior part. Their external and internal morphologies well agreed with each other’s (
<tableCitation id="C6E70332F97C9D62FC342342883FABE4" box="[960,1044,1912,1938]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[152,244,152,176]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (mm) of body size and internal organs and their positions from specimens examined." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A6601F9549D4AFF6C24A2896CACC6" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" tableUuid="DF1A6601F9549D4AFF6C24A2896CACC6">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F97C9D63FF3323A68D5FAD13" blockId="46.[151,1437,1768,2010]" lastBlockId="47.[151,1437,151,1041]" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Body wall ossicles are anchors and anchor plates.Anchor plate ossicle lengths and calculated indicators of 
<specimenCount id="9D63FD00F97C9D62FA9023A68D27ABAC" count="3" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
ranged within: 79–124 μm in length, 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FD3623FA8ED9ABAC" box="[706,754,1984,2010]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">APS</emphasis>
=0–2.7, 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FCA623FB8F51ABAC" box="[850,890,1985,2010]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Ntp</emphasis>
= 0, 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97C9D62FC4E23FA8FC7ABAC" box="[954,1004,1984,2010]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">APT</emphasis>
=0% (
<tableCitation id="C6E70332F97C9D62FBC523FA88B2ABAC" box="[1073,1177,1984,2010]" captionStart="TABLE 13" captionStartId="45.[152,244,225,249]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="TABLE 13. Measurements (mean±SD μm) and counts of ossicles of the present specimens of Patinapta edentatus sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A6601F97F9D61FF6C24DB8CEDAD6B" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" tableUuid="DF1A6601F97F9D61FF6C24DB8CEDAD6B">Table 13</tableCitation>
). Among these values, length and the parameter 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FE4224AD8DF5ACC6" box="[438,478,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Ntp</emphasis>
of anchor plate ossicles (both ventrally and dorsally) were not significantly different (
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FF5524818C96ACA2" box="[161,189,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Ps</emphasis>
&gt;0.05, Kruskal-Wallis’ test), and non-size dependance indicator of plate skewness 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FBB824818857ACA3" box="[1100,1148,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">APS</emphasis>
was also not significantly different (
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FEFC24E58D0FAC8E" box="[264,292,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Ps</emphasis>
&gt;0. 05, Kruskal-Wallis’ test). All 
<specimenCount id="9D63FD00F97D9D63FD6824E58F7AAC8F" box="[668,849,223,249]" count="3" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
did not possess teethed perforations of anchor plate ossicles. From these results, the anchor plate ossicles in the body wall of the present 
<specimenCount id="9D63FD00F97D9D63FB8C25398904AD6B" box="[1144,1327,259,285]" count="3" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
were not different in length or skewness of anchor plate ossicles, and the critical feature of lacking teethed perforations can be the accurate key.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F97D9D63FF3325558D78AE17" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,1041]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Anchor ossicle lengths and calculated indicators ranged within: 133–184 μm in length, 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FB3C255588D5ADFF" box="[1224,1278,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">ASW</emphasis>
=19.3–27.8%, 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FF6325A98CFAADDB" box="[151,209,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">AEW</emphasis>
=39.5–57.9% (
<tableCitation id="C6E70332F97D9D63FE8D25A98DC9ADDB" box="[377,482,403,429]" captionStart="TABLE 13" captionStartId="45.[152,244,225,249]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="TABLE 13. Measurements (mean±SD μm) and counts of ossicles of the present specimens of Patinapta edentatus sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A6601F97F9D61FF6C24DB8CEDAD6B" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" tableUuid="DF1A6601F97F9D61FF6C24DB8CEDAD6B">Table 13</tableCitation>
). Among these values, length of anchor ossicles (both ventrally and dorsally) was significantly different (
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FE69258D8D92ADA6" box="[413,441,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Ps</emphasis>
&lt;0.005, Kruskal-Wallis’ test), while the indicator for anchor stem breadth 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FAF8258D8969ADA7" box="[1292,1346,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">ASW</emphasis>
and for basal / distal ends width 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FE5A25E18DC3AD83" box="[430,488,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">AEW</emphasis>
were not significantly different (
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FCA925E18F52AD82" box="[861,889,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Ps</emphasis>
&gt;0. 05, Kruskal-Wallis’ test). From these results, the anchor ossicles in the body wall of the present 
<specimenCount id="9D63FD00F97D9D63FD1025C58FB1AE6F" box="[740,922,511,537]" count="3" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
were different in ossicle lengths, while their shapes were not different. Therefore, length cannot be the accurate key, but the shape of the anchor ossicles can be the accurate key.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F97D9D63FF3326518E8EAF4F" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,1041]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Longitudinal muscles had only elongated C-shaped granule ossicles, and length and calculated indicators ranged within: 24–106 μm in length, 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FDC726B58E73AEDF" box="[563,600,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">GP</emphasis>
=29.2–74.1%, 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FD0826B58F1CAEDF" box="[764,823,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">GCO</emphasis>
=0% (
<tableCitation id="C6E70332F97D9D63FC8E26B58FF4AEDF" box="[890,991,655,681]" captionStart="TABLE 13" captionStartId="45.[152,244,225,249]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="TABLE 13. Measurements (mean±SD μm) and counts of ossicles of the present specimens of Patinapta edentatus sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A6601F97F9D61FF6C24DB8CEDAD6B" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" tableUuid="DF1A6601F97F9D61FF6C24DB8CEDAD6B">Table 13</tableCitation>
). Among these values, length of granule ossicles was significantly different (
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FDC426898E67AEBA" box="[560,588,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Ps</emphasis>
&lt;0.005, Kruskal-Wallis’ test, both in ventrally and dorsally), while the two calculated indicators 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FE7726ED8D83AE87" box="[387,424,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">GP</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FE2826ED8E3CAE87" box="[476,535,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">GCO</emphasis>
were not significantly different in 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FC6226ED8F90AE87" box="[918,955,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">GP</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FC3F26ED8FCCAE86" box="[971,999,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Ps</emphasis>
&gt;0.05, Kruskal-Wallis’ test). Therefore, length of the granule ossicles cannot be the accurate key. However, the complete unbalance of O-shaped (0%) or C-shaped (100%) granules can be a useful key.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F97D9D63FF3327798E12A867" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,1041]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Tentacle ossicles consisted of many elongated C-shaped granules and rare rods, length and calculated indicators of 
<specimenCount id="9D63FD00F97D9D63FF42275D8D41AFF7" box="[182,362,871,897]" count="3" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
ranged within: 22–63 μm in length, 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FCF7275D8F0EAFF6" box="[771,805,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">RP</emphasis>
=9.5–55.2%, and 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FC18275D883BAFF7" box="[1004,1040,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">RC</emphasis>
=4.1–11.1 (
<tableCitation id="C6E70332F97D9D63FB7B275D88DEAFF7" box="[1167,1269,871,897]" captionStart="TABLE 13" captionStartId="45.[152,244,225,249]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="TABLE 13. Measurements (mean±SD μm) and counts of ossicles of the present specimens of Patinapta edentatus sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A6601F97F9D61FF6C24DB8CEDAD6B" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" tableUuid="DF1A6601F97F9D61FF6C24DB8CEDAD6B">Table 13</tableCitation>
). Among these values, length of granule ossicles was not significantly different (
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FC8227B18FACAFD2" box="[886,903,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P</emphasis>
&gt;0. 05, Kruskal-Wallis’ test) among specimens, and non--sizeependence indicator for proportion (
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FD2127958EDCAFBE" box="[725,759,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">RP</emphasis>
) and non--sizeependence complexities (
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FB3D279588C6AFBF" box="[1225,1261,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">RC</emphasis>
) were also not significantly different (
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FE6A27E98D84AF9A" box="[414,431,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P</emphasis>
&gt;0. 05, Kruskal-Wallis’ test). Therefore, the morphologies of the granule ossicles of this species can be a critical accurate key.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6502F97D9D63FF6320598867A947" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F97D9D63FF6320598D22A80B" blockId="47.[151,265,1123,1149]" box="[151,265,1123,1149]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FF6320598D22A80B" bold="true" box="[151,265,1123,1149]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F97D9D63FF6320918867A947" blockId="47.[151,1436,1195,1329]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Previously, in a report of the Ministry of the Environment 
<collectingCountry id="F3727619F97D9D63FCD620918F49A8B3" box="[802,866,1195,1221]" name="Japan" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Japan</collectingCountry>
(2007), this species was preliminarily identified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D0AF97D9D63FF6320F58D06A89F" box="[151,301,1231,1257]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Patinapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FF6320F58D2EA89E" box="[151,261,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Patinapta</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(and misidentified in their distribution map as 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D0AF97D9D63FCB720F58F80A89F" box="[835,939,1231,1257]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Patinapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ooplax">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FCB720F58F80A89F" box="[835,939,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. ooplax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). However, it was revealed that this species can be easily distinguished from other species by their elongated C-shaped granule ossicles (lacking perforations) with highest concentrations in the tentacles, different from all congeners (Table 7-2).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F6502F97D9D63FF6321B88D49AA03" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F97D9D63FF6321B88D1BA9EA" blockId="47.[151,304,1410,1436]" box="[151,304,1410,1436]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FF6321B88D1BA9EA" bold="true" box="[151,304,1410,1436]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F97D9D63FF6321F18D49AA03" blockId="47.[151,1436,1483,1653]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Presently, only two localities are known for this species. In the 
<typeStatus id="54DE882BF97D9D63FC9E21F18FB1A993" box="[874,922,1483,1509]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">type</typeStatus>
locality Kabira Bay, Ishigaki-jima Island, 
<specimenCount id="9D63FD00F97D9D63FA7421F18D27AA7F" count="20" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
including the 
<specimenCount id="9D63FD00F97D9D63FE4121D58E0CAA7F" box="[437,551,1519,1545]" count="3" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="generic" typeStatus="type">three type</specimenCount>
specimens were collected from the coarse-sandy intertidal flats, where most of specimens had been infested with co-existing bivalves 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D0AF97D9D63FCB522298860AA5B" baseAuthorityName="Kawahara" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[833,1099,1555,1581]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lasaeidae" genus="Anisodevonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galeommatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ohshimai">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FCB522298860AA5B" box="[833,1099,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Anisodevonia ohshimai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In Nagura Bay, the smaller specimens were collected from the coarse-sandy intertidal shore and the muddy-sand intertidal flats with mangrove woods (
<tableCitation id="C6E70332F97D9D63FF1B22618D7FAA03" box="[239,340,1627,1653]" captionStart="TABLE 14" captionStartId="47.[152,244,1700,1724]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="TABLE 14. List of the WMNH-INV specimens of Patinapta edentatus sp. nov. as of 2024." pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Table 14</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF1A6601F97D9D63FF6C229E8845AACB" box="[152,1134,1700,1725]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" startId="47.[152,244,1700,1724]" targetBox="[163,1370,1741,1886]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="47" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F97D9D63FF6C229E8845AACB" blockId="47.[152,1134,1700,1725]" box="[152,1134,1700,1725]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FF6C229E8D37AACA" bold="true" box="[152,284,1700,1724]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">TABLE 14.</emphasis>
List of the WMNH-INV specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D0AF97D9D63FD4B229F8FBEAACA" authorityName="Yamana &amp; Hirashima &amp; Sato &amp; Yamamori" authorityYear="2025" box="[703,917,1700,1724]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Patinapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="edentatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FD4B229F8FBEAACA" box="[703,917,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Patinapta edentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF97D9D63FC68229F8FDAAACB" bold="true" box="[924,1009,1701,1725]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22257E0F97D9D63FC68229F8FDAAACB" box="[924,1009,1701,1725]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
as of 2024.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F97D9D63FF5722F78971AB28" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<table id="F965C429F97D62B3FF5722F78971AB28" box="[163,1370,1741,1886]" colsContinueFrom="42.[163,1385,1453,1638]" gridcols="3" gridrows="4" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<tr id="355534CBF97D62B3FF5722F78971AA93" box="[163,1370,1741,1765]" gridrow="0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<th id="76845DB7F97D62B3FF5722F78D47AA93" box="[163,364,1741,1765]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">WMNH-INV No.</th>
<th id="76845DB7F97D62B3FDF922F78FC8AA93" box="[525,995,1741,1765]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Locality (arranged under north to south)</th>
<th id="76845DB7F97D62B3FBDF22F78971AA93" box="[1067,1370,1741,1765]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Collectors (Date)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97D62B3FF5722CF8971AB7B" box="[163,1370,1781,1805]" gridrow="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1">
<td id="76845DB7F97D62B3FDF922CF8FC8AB7B" box="[525,995,1781,1805]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Yaeyama Islands in the Ryukyu Islands</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97D62B3FF5723278971AB40" box="[163,1370,1821,1846]" gridrow="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<th id="76845DB7F97D62B3FF5723278D47AB40" box="[163,364,1821,1846]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">2021-INV-942–946</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97D62B3FDF923278FC8AB40" box="[525,995,1821,1846]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Nagura Bay, Ishigaki-jima Island, Okinawa</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97D62B3FBDF23278971AB40" box="[1067,1370,1821,1846]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Kimura, T. (August 28, 2001)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355534CBF97D62B3FF57237F8971AB28" box="[163,1370,1861,1886]" gridrow="3" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<th id="76845DB7F97D62B3FF57237F8D47AB28" box="[163,364,1861,1886]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">2021-INV-972–991</th>
<td id="76845DB7F97D62B3FDF9237F8FC8AB28" box="[525,995,1861,1886]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Kabira Bay, Ishigaki-jima Island, Okinawa</td>
<td id="76845DB7F97D62B3FBDF237F8971AB28" box="[1067,1370,1861,1886]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Kimura, T. (August 28, 2001)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C37F6502F9629D7CFF6324AD8FD6AFF7" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F9629D7CFF6324AD8D30ACC7" blockId="48.[151,283,151,177]" box="[151,283,151,177]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF9629D7CFF6324AD8D30ACC7" bold="true" box="[151,283,151,177]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Discussion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F9629D7CFF6324DA8D20AEDF" blockId="48.[151,1437,223,898]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
We illustrate herein all twelve plates of the calcareous ring for the first time (see, Table 7-3). As a result, the present calcareous rings of two species previously described from 
<collectingCountry id="F3727619F9629D7CFC8A253E8F95AD68" box="[894,958,260,286]" name="Japan" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Japan</collectingCountry>
agree to the original descriptions based on 
<typeStatus id="54DE882BF9629D7CFF6325128CECAD34" box="[151,199,296,322]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
materials. Specifically, agreement is found in the points of “interradial plates with semicircular perforation” reported for 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D0AF9629D7CFED125768DA6AD13" box="[293,397,331,357]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Patinapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ooplax">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF9629D7CFED125768DA6AD13" box="[293,397,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">P. ooplax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="135E2A0CF9629D7CFE6925718DCAAD13" box="[413,481,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,799,823]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,775]" captionTargetId="figure-20@13.[158,1430,181,775]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Outer-surface view of calcareous ring plates of three specimens identified as Patinapta ooplax (von Marenzeller, 1882) in the present study.A: Large-size specimen,WMNH-2014-INV-239 (90.5 mm length). B: Middle-size specimen WMNH- 2014-INV-241 (75.3 mm length). C: Small-size specimen, WMNH-2014-INV-240 (56.1 mm length).All collected from Otsuchi Bay, Iwate. Positions of the plates are denoted by Ludwig’s [1889–1892 (1889), p156] system: RI–RV and IR1–IR5 where R and IR stands for positions for radius and interradius, respectively. Hence RI, mid-ventral; RII, left ventral; RIII, right ventral; RIV, left dorsal; RV, right dorsal; and: IR1, left ventral; IR2, right ventral; IR3-IR3’, left dorso-lateral; IR4-IR4’, right dorso-lateral; IR5, mid-dorsal.Anterior top." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14703546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14703546/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
), and “same compose to 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D0AF9629D7CFD0B25768F4CAD13" box="[767,871,331,357]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Patinapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ooplax">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF9629D7CFD0B25768F4CAD13" box="[767,871,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">P. ooplax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the anterior tips not undulated at all (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B78F9629D7CFAB725718CD3ADFF" author="Chao, S. &amp; Rowe, F. W. E. &amp; Chang, K." pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="33 - 38" refId="ref31423" refString="Chao, S., Rowe, F. W. E. &amp; Chang, K. (1988) A new species in the synaptid genus Patinapta (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), from Taiwan. Micronesica, 21 (1 - 2), 33 - 38." type="journal article" year="1988">
Chao 
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF9629D7CFA7C25768C86ADFF" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al</emphasis>
, 1988
</bibRefCitation>
)” reported for 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D0AF9629D7CFE57254A8E67ADFF" box="[419,588,368,393]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Patinapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="taiwaniensis">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF9629D7CFE57254A8E67ADFF" box="[419,588,368,393]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">P. taiwaniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="135E2A0CF9629D7CFDA925558E9BADFF" box="[605,688,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,250,540,564]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,509]" captionTargetId="figure-20@21.[151,1435,181,516]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Outer-surface view of calcareous ring plates of a specimen collected from Sesoko-jima Island, Okinawa, identified as Patinapta taiwaniensis Chao, Rowe &amp; Chang, 1988, in the present study (one large-size specimen, WMNH-2016-INV-237). Positions of the plates denoted by Ludwig’s [1889–1892 (1889), p156] system: RI–RV and IR1–IR5 where R and IR stands for positions for radius and interradius, respectively. Hence RI, mid-ventral; RII, left ventral; RIII, right ventral; RIV, left dorsal; RV, right dorsal; and: IR1, left ventral; IR2, right ventral; IR3-IR3’, left dorso-lateral; IR4-IR4’, right dorso-lateral; IR5, mid-dorsal. Anterior top." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14703554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14703554/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Both characters of the calcareous ring were also detected in the present four new species from Japanese waters. Regardless of the mostly separated distributions of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D0AF9629D7CFB1F25AE8979ADDB" box="[1259,1362,403,429]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Patinapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ooplax">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF9629D7CFB1F25AE8979ADDB" box="[1259,1362,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">P. ooplax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D0AF9629D7CFA7C25AE8D29ADA7" authorityName="Yamana &amp; Hirashima &amp; Sato &amp; Yamamori" authorityYear="2025" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Patinapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="edentatus">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF9629D7CFA7C25AE8D29ADA7" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">P. edentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both species possess the same 
<typeStatus id="54DE882BF9629D7CFD9C25828EB3ADA4" box="[616,664,440,466]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
of calcareous ring compositions, namely inter-radial perforated 
<typeStatus id="54DE882BF9629D7CFA98258289B7ADA4" box="[1388,1436,440,466]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="135E2A0CF9629D7CFF6B25E18CC3AD83" box="[159,232,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,799,823]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,775]" captionTargetId="figure-20@13.[158,1430,181,775]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Outer-surface view of calcareous ring plates of three specimens identified as Patinapta ooplax (von Marenzeller, 1882) in the present study.A: Large-size specimen,WMNH-2014-INV-239 (90.5 mm length). B: Middle-size specimen WMNH- 2014-INV-241 (75.3 mm length). C: Small-size specimen, WMNH-2014-INV-240 (56.1 mm length).All collected from Otsuchi Bay, Iwate. Positions of the plates are denoted by Ludwig’s [1889–1892 (1889), p156] system: RI–RV and IR1–IR5 where R and IR stands for positions for radius and interradius, respectively. Hence RI, mid-ventral; RII, left ventral; RIII, right ventral; RIV, left dorsal; RV, right dorsal; and: IR1, left ventral; IR2, right ventral; IR3-IR3’, left dorso-lateral; IR4-IR4’, right dorso-lateral; IR5, mid-dorsal.Anterior top." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14703546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14703546/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figs 8</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="135E2A0CF9629D7CFF0225E18D3EAD83" box="[246,277,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1409,1433]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,1106,1381]" captionTargetId="figure-368@46.[151,1435,1101,1386]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 23. Outer-surface view of calcareous ring of the calcareous ring plates of a specimen collected from Kabira Bay, Ishigaki-jima Island, Okinawa, erected as Patinapta edentatus sp. nov., in the present study (holotype specimen, WMNH-2021- INV-973). The positions of the plates are denoted by Ludwig’s [1889–1892 (1889), p156] system: RI–RV and IR1–IR5 where R and IR stands for positions for radius and interradius, respectively. Hence RI, mid-ventral; RII, left ventral; RIII, right ventral; RIV, left dorsal; RV, right dorsal; and: IR1, left ventral; IR2, right ventral; IR3-IR3’, left dorso-lateral; IR4-IR4’, right dorsolateral; IR5, mid-dorsal. Anterior top." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14703580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14703580/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">23</figureCitation>
), while 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D0AF9629D7CFE8425E68E32AD83" box="[368,537,476,501]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Patinapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="taiwaniensis">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF9629D7CFE8425E68E32AD83" box="[368,537,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">P. taiwaniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D0AF9629D7CFDDC25E68E8CAD83" authorityName="Yamana &amp; Hirashima &amp; Sato &amp; Yamamori" authorityYear="2025" box="[552,679,475,501]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Patinapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="deformis">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF9629D7CFDDC25E68E8CAD83" box="[552,679,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">P. deformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D0AF9629D7CFD2B25E68FB2AD83" authorityName="Yamana &amp; Hirashima &amp; Sato &amp; Yamamori" authorityYear="2025" box="[735,921,475,501]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Patinapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parvaspiculus">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF9629D7CFD2B25E68FB2AD83" box="[735,921,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">P. parvaspiculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possess another 
<typeStatus id="54DE882BF9629D7CFBAD25E688A2AD80" box="[1113,1161,476,502]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
of composition, namely radial perforated 
<typeStatus id="54DE882BF9629D7CFEAD263A8DA2AE6C" box="[345,393,512,538]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="135E2A0CF9629D7CFE6D25C58DDBAE6F" box="[409,496,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,250,540,564]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,509]" captionTargetId="figure-20@21.[151,1435,181,516]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Outer-surface view of calcareous ring plates of a specimen collected from Sesoko-jima Island, Okinawa, identified as Patinapta taiwaniensis Chao, Rowe &amp; Chang, 1988, in the present study (one large-size specimen, WMNH-2016-INV-237). Positions of the plates denoted by Ludwig’s [1889–1892 (1889), p156] system: RI–RV and IR1–IR5 where R and IR stands for positions for radius and interradius, respectively. Hence RI, mid-ventral; RII, left ventral; RIII, right ventral; RIV, left dorsal; RV, right dorsal; and: IR1, left ventral; IR2, right ventral; IR3-IR3’, left dorso-lateral; IR4-IR4’, right dorso-lateral; IR5, mid-dorsal. Anterior top." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14703554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14703554/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figs 11</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="135E2A0CF9629D7CFE0825C58E31AE6F" box="[508,538,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="26.[151,250,516,540]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,188,485]" captionTargetId="figure-29@26.[151,1435,181,493]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 14. Outer-surface view of calcareous ring plates of a specimen collected from Yoron-jima Island, Kagoshima (holotype specimen, WMNH-2015-INV-106), described as Patinapta deformis sp. nov., in the present study. The positions of the plates are denoted by Ludwig’s [1889–1892 (1889), p156] system: RI–RV and IR1–IR5 where R and IR stand for positions for radius and interradius, respectively. Hence RI, mid-ventral; RII, left ventral; RIII, right ventral; RIV, left dorsal; RV, right dorsal; and: IR1, left ventral; IR2, right ventral; IR3-IR3’, left dorso-lateral; IR4-IR4’, right dorso-lateral; IR5, mid-dorsal. Anterior top." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14703562" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14703562/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">14</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="135E2A0CF9629D7CFDD325C58E6DAE6F" box="[551,582,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="35.[151,250,628,652]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,281,600]" captionTargetId="figure-65@35.[151,1435,273,605]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 17. Outer-surface view of calcareous ring plates of a specimen collected from Yoron-jima Island, Kagoshima, erected as Patinapta parvaspiculus sp. nov., in the present study (holotype specimen, WMNH-2023-INV-157). The positions of the plates are denoted by Ludwig’s [1889–1892 (1889), p156] system: RI–RV and IR1–IR5 where R and IR stands for positions for radius and interradius, respectively. Hence RI, mid-ventral; RII, left ventral; RIII, right ventral; RIV, left dorsal; RV, right dorsal; and: IR1, left ventral; IR2, right ventral; IR3-IR3’, left dorso-lateral; IR4-IR4’, right dorso-lateral; IR5, mid-dorsal. Anterior top." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14703568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14703568/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">17</figureCitation>
). In addition to these, between the “separated distributions of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D0AF9629D7CFAF0263A8947AE6F" box="[1284,1388,511,537]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Patinapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ooplax">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF9629D7CFAF0263A8947AE6F" box="[1284,1388,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">P. ooplax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D0AF9629D7CFF63261E8D34AE4B" authorityName="Yamana &amp; Hirashima &amp; Sato &amp; Yamamori" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,287,547,573]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Patinapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="edentatus">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF9629D7CFF63261E8D34AE4B" box="[151,287,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">P. edentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,” another 
<typeStatus id="54DE882BF9629D7CFE63261E8DECAE48" box="[407,455,548,574]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
of calcareous ring, namely inter-radial creviced 
<typeStatus id="54DE882BF9629D7CFC05261E880AAE48" box="[1009,1057,548,574]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C654D0AF9629D7CFBBD261E88FBAE4B" authorityName="Yamana &amp; Hirashima &amp; Sato &amp; Yamamori" authorityYear="2025" box="[1097,1232,547,573]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synaptidae" genus="Patinapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="neglectus">
<emphasis id="B911EA9BF9629D7CFBBD261E88FBAE4B" box="[1097,1232,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">P. neglectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was described in the present study (
<figureCitation id="135E2A0CF9629D7CFE93267D8D97AE17" box="[359,444,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="41.[151,250,585,609]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,188,552]" captionTargetId="figure-20@41.[151,1435,181,561]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 20. Outer-surface view of calcareous ring of the calcareous ring plates of a specimen collected from Iso Beach, Kagoshima Bay Kagoshima, erected as Patinapta neglectus sp. nov., in the present study (holotype specimen, WMNH-2022- INV-154): Positions of the plates denoted by Ludwig’s [1889–1892 (1889), p156] system: RI–RV and IR1–IR5 where R and IR stands for positions for radius and interradius, respectively. Hence RI, mid-ventral; RII, left ventral; RIII, right ventral; RIV, left dorsal; RV, right dorsal; and: IR1, left ventral; IR2, right ventral; IR3-IR3’, left dorso-lateral; IR4-IR4’, right dorso-lateral; IR5, mid-dorsal. Anterior top." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14703574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14703574/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
). This result of morphologies of calcareous rings naturally leads us to speculate that the phylogeny of this genus may be more interesting than previously expected, and molecular analyses are needed in the future.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F9629D7CFF33268E8E49AF60" blockId="48.[151,1437,223,898]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">From the present observations for the six species described above, only the latitudinal layouts of ossicles (anchor and plate) were generated in the present materials, however, this information can be useful in field observations, or future studies of phylogenetic taxonomy.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA3689F9629D7CFF33271A8FD6AFF7" blockId="48.[151,1437,223,898]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">To achieve accurate species identification, keys for the present six species described above are given below, using the present results of ossicle morphologies. Simultaneous use of Table 15 (Appendix tables attached to the last of this article) with the below key will lead to more convenient identification.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>