252 lines
28 KiB
XML
252 lines
28 KiB
XML
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<mods:mods id="8BC6C74E6398F2A5C40E2C2793A5097D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9555681E79BFB2D29BF9F3DA7E5126C9">
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<mods:title id="3CBA9F01C7F4B7F5E0019972F0D192B8">Lance lacewings of the world (Neuroptera: Archeosmylidae, Osmylidae, Saucrosmylidae): review of living and fossil genera</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="78B8506CCDBB21708F96BC1F8C558727" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A5F6660630AF0DCCE458E04AE4CCFC46">Winterton, Shaun L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B8926537A72B320864F81F43EBD32549">Martins, Caleb Califre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="F22F3D04AC5B04E34A4FECC4639886E5" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4B10AF9CF8C555D93696A837213F9302">Makarkin, Vladimir</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="2801D123A5B12E16941BDCC67791E567">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="239717EC4145C518E4C702BECCF78C6E">Ardila-Camacho, Adrian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="8E61FC21F61A3105270E4E11E6C87EB8" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="755ED2B77F53BA405C084E68858FFB59">Wang, Yongjie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5B17D180EDF3135D60C5EE0167613E73">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1D288026F518F2990D8BEB773F783022">
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<mods:date id="3CD583C2DBB2AC1E81FB2E773B4B1D3F">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CE5B56E5A2FF67FE5369FBD6E0A46C5F">2019-04-09</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="ABE83A2FA038B20F53675CC0E00B6091">4581</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="E02AB2023B3BB9E7BAA5583B5ABAF0DD">1</mods:start>
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<treatment id="03C47176FFD68D617AD207D8FE9F9613" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156146886" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C47176FFD68D617AD207D8FE9F9613" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C47176FFD68D617AD207D8FE9F9613" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<subSubSection id="C37793EBFFD68D617AD207D8FDF2928F" box="[151,594,152,178]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD2C060FFD68D617AD207D8FDF2928F" blockId="85.[151,594,152,178]" box="[151,594,152,178]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<heading id="D09A770CFFD68D617AD207D8FDF2928F" bold="true" box="[151,594,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D617AD207D8FDF2928F" ID-CoL="3VFF" authority="Myskowiak et al., 2015" authorityName="Myskowiak" authorityYear="2015" box="[151,594,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Cratosmylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD68D617AD207D8FDF2928F" bold="true" box="[151,594,152,178]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD68D617AD207D8FE8E928F" bold="true" box="[151,302,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Cratosmylus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFD68D617B7007D8FDF2928F" author="Myskowiak" box="[309,594,152,178]" firstAuthor="Myskowiak" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="27 - 33" refId="ref51837" refString="Myskowiak, J., Escuilli, F. & Nel, A. (2015) A new Osmylidae (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation in Brazil. Cretaceous Research, 54, 27 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2014.11.012" type="journal article" year="2015">
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Myskowiak
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD68D617B8B07D8FDA9928F" bold="true" box="[462,521,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37793EBFFD68D617AD2079EFAFD92C9" box="[151,1373,222,245]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD2C060FFD68D617AD2079EFAFD92C9" blockId="85.[151,1373,222,245]" box="[151,1373,222,245]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<materialsCitation id="3B05CA3DFFD68D617AD2079EFAF992C9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2235579219" box="[151,1369,222,245]" country="Brazil" location="Early Cretaceous" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD68D617AD2079EFE8292C9" bold="true" box="[151,290,222,244]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<typeStatus id="54D67EC2FFD68D617AD2079EFF6C92C9" box="[151,204,222,244]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D617B6C079EFC9C92C9" authority="Myskowiak et al., 2015: 28" authorityName="Myskowiak" authorityPageNumber="28" authorityYear="2015" box="[297,828,222,245]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Cratosmylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnificus">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD68D617B6C079EFDBE92C9" box="[297,542,222,244]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Cratosmylus magnificus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFD68D617860079EFCB892C9" author="Myskowiak" box="[549,792,222,245]" firstAuthor="Myskowiak" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="27 - 33" refId="ref51837" refString="Myskowiak, J., Escuilli, F. & Nel, A. (2015) A new Osmylidae (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation in Brazil. Cretaceous Research, 54, 27 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2014.11.012" type="journal article" year="2015">
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Myskowiak
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD68D6178E607A0FD7692C9" box="[675,726,222,245]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 28
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</taxonomicName>
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(by original designation) (
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<collectingCountry id="F37A80F0FFD68D617E0C079EFB2A92C9" box="[1097,1162,222,244]" name="Brazil" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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) (
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<location id="8EB296BBFFD68D617EDB079EFAF292C9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C47176FFD68D617AD207D8FE9F9613:8EB296BBFFD68D617EDB079EFAF292C9" box="[1182,1362,222,244]" country="Brazil" name="Early Cretaceous" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Early Cretaceous</location>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37793EBFFD68D617AD20661FE9F9613" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD2C060FFD68D617AD20661FE9F9613" blockId="85.[151,1437,289,1070]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD68D617AD20661FEBF9307" bold="true" box="[151,287,289,314]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Comments.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D617B6F0661FE6D9307" box="[298,461,289,314]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cratosmylinae">Cratosmylinae</taxonomicName>
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(containing only
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D6178E70662FCE29304" box="[674,834,289,313]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Cratosmylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnificus">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD68D6178E70662FCE29304" box="[674,834,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">C. magnificus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) is herein excluded from
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D617E3C0661FB529307" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1145,1266,289,314]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Osmylidae</taxonomicName>
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and placed in
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D617AD20605FEBA9363" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[151,282,325,350]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphidae</taxonomicName>
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following
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFD68D617BD80605FD0F9363" author="Winterton" box="[413,687,325,350]" firstAuthor="Winterton" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="555 - 574" refId="ref55173" refString="Winterton, S. L., Zhao, J., Garzon-Orduna, I., Wang, Y. & Liu, Z. (2017) Phylogeny of lance lacewings (Neuroptera: Osmylidae). Systematic Entomology, 42, 555 - 574. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12231" type="journal article" year="2017">
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Winterton
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD68D61785C0606FDF69363" box="[537,598,325,350]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
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(2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. In the absence of ocelli or thyridiate crossveins evident in the specimen,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFD68D617B4B0629FD8193BF" author="Myskowiak" box="[270,545,361,386]" firstAuthor="Myskowiak" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="27 - 33" refId="ref51837" refString="Myskowiak, J., Escuilli, F. & Nel, A. (2015) A new Osmylidae (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation in Brazil. Cretaceous Research, 54, 27 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2014.11.012" type="journal article" year="2015">
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Myskowiak
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD68D617BDD062AFE7093BF" box="[408,464,361,386]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
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(2015)
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</bibRefCitation>
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noted that
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D6178D90629FC8993BF" box="[668,809,361,386]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Cratosmylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD68D6178D90629FC8993BF" box="[668,809,361,386]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Cratosmylus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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could be placed in either
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D617E030629FB1F93BF" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1094,1215,361,386]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Osmylidae</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D617EA10629FACA93BF" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[1252,1386,361,386]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphidae</taxonomicName>
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, and despite the clear similarity to
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D617BB606CDFDD6939B" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[499,630,397,422]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphidae</taxonomicName>
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wings, they proposed inclusion in
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D617E5506CDFB29939B" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1040,1161,397,422]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Osmylidae</taxonomicName>
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rather than
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D617F5F06CDFA3D939B" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[1306,1437,397,422]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphidae</taxonomicName>
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based on two characters. They argue that two features found in
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D6179C806F1FBBA93F7" box="[909,1050,433,458]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Cratosmylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD68D6179C806F1FBBA93F7" box="[909,1050,433,458]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Cratosmylus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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that would otherwise place it in
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D617AD20695FEBA93D3" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[151,282,469,494]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphidae</taxonomicName>
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(i.e., Sc+RA with long forked veinlets and, that Sc+RA terminates beyond the apex of the wing), are also present in
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D617B0706B9FE1F902F" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[322,447,505,530]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Osmylidae</taxonomicName>
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. Examining the examples given they are either incorrect, or not particularly convincing as apomorphies justifying placement in
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D617824055DFD7A900B" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[609,730,541,566]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Osmylidae</taxonomicName>
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compared with
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D6179D2055DFBBD900B" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[919,1053,541,566]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphidae</taxonomicName>
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. Firstly, Sc+RA with long forked veinlets is a character typical of nymphids in the subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D61792B0501FBBE9067" baseAuthorityName="Handlirsch" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[878,1054,577,602]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myiodactylinae">Myiodactylinae</taxonomicName>
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and is also present not only in
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D617AD20526FEA19040" box="[151,257,614,637]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Porismus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD68D617AD20526FEA19040" box="[151,257,614,637]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Porismus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="1356DCE5FFD68D617B570525FEC59043" box="[274,357,613,638]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1294,1316]" captionTargetBox="[175,1378,267,1273]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[171,1410,259,1279]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 26. Porisminae. Porismus strigatus Burmeister, wing venation (trichosors and vestiture omitted)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2633895/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
|
) and in some
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D61784C0525FD0B9043" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1913" box="[521,683,613,638]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Protosmylinae">Protosmylinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D6178A00525FC299043" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1913" box="[741,905,613,638]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Stenosmylinae">Stenosmylinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
genera, but also present in various families of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D617AD205CAFEB5909C" box="[151,277,650,673]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Neuroptera</taxonomicName>
|
|
(e.g.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D617B2405C9FDA3909F" box="[353,515,649,674]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hemerobiidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D61785505C9FD03909F" box="[528,675,649,674]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chrysopidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
); it appears therefore to be rather labile as phylogenetic character. Secondly, Sc+RA does not terminate beyond the wing apex in the lance lacewings and examples of exceptions they provide (i.e.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D617B770591FE6B90D7" box="[306,459,721,746]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Heterosmylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD68D617B770591FE6B90D7" box="[306,459,721,746]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Heterosmylus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="1356DCE5FFD68D617B990591FD9090D7" box="[476,560,721,746]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1283,1305]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,163,1261]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[153,1433,163,1261]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 32. Protosmylinae. Heterosmylus wolonganus Yang." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2633911/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
|
|
) and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D6178360591FD4090D7" authorityName="Khramov" authorityYear="2014" box="[627,736,721,746]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Arbusella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD68D6178360591FD4090D7" box="[627,736,721,746]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Arbusella</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) do not exhibit this state. Indeed, this appears to be a useful diagnostic character that separates early lacewings like
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D61792D05B5FC419133" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[872,993,757,782]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Osmylidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
from highly derived members of Myrmeleontoidea.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFD68D617B2A0459FD2E910F" author="Myskowiak" box="[367,654,793,818]" firstAuthor="Myskowiak" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="27 - 33" refId="ref51837" refString="Myskowiak, J., Escuilli, F. & Nel, A. (2015) A new Osmylidae (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation in Brazil. Cretaceous Research, 54, 27 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2014.11.012" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|
Myskowiak
|
|
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD68D617BB8045AFD99910F" box="[509,569,793,818]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2015)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
do identify a mark which they interpret as nygma in the forewing. Their figure of the structure (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFD68D617B9A047DFD50916B" author="Myskowiak" box="[479,752,829,854]" firstAuthor="Myskowiak" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="27 - 33" refId="ref51837" refString="Myskowiak, J., Escuilli, F. & Nel, A. (2015) A new Osmylidae (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation in Brazil. Cretaceous Research, 54, 27 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2014.11.012" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|
Myskowiak
|
|
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD68D617829047EFD05916B" box="[620,677,829,854]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
, 2015
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: fig. 6) is not very clear, nor convincing as a nygma, but if it is indeed found to be a nygma, it would better support placement of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D6179990421FBCA9147" box="[988,1130,865,890]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Cratosmylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD68D6179990421FBCA9147" box="[988,1130,865,890]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Cratosmylus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D617EDD0421FAB19147" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1176,1297,865,890]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Osmylidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
rather than
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D617AD204C5FEBD91A3" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[151,285,901,926]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
. While the wing of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D61784304C5FD3391A3" box="[518,659,901,926]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Cratosmylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD68D61784304C5FD3391A3" box="[518,659,901,926]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Cratosmylus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D61796A04C5FC0D91A3" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1912" box="[815,941,901,926]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Gumillinae">Gumillinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
some respects as
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFD68D617EC504C5FA3C91A3" author="Myskowiak" box="[1152,1436,901,926]" firstAuthor="Myskowiak" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="27 - 33" refId="ref51837" refString="Myskowiak, J., Escuilli, F. & Nel, A. (2015) A new Osmylidae (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation in Brazil. Cretaceous Research, 54, 27 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2014.11.012" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|
Myskowiak
|
|
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD68D617F4804C6FAE891A3" box="[1293,1352,901,926]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2015)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
suggest, the venation is more similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D61782E04E9FD4E91FF" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[619,750,937,962]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
genera in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D61792904E9FBBF91FF" baseAuthorityName="Handlirsch" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[876,1055,937,962]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myiodactylinae">Myiodactylinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The remaining characters in the wing could easily be autapomorphies.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFD68D61781D048DFCFA91DB" author="Makarkin" box="[600,858,973,998]" firstAuthor="Makarkin" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="149 - 160" refId="ref50867" refString="Makarkin, V. N., Heads, S. W. & Wedmann, S. (2017) Taxonomic study of the Cretaceous lacewing family Babinskaiidae (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontoidea: Nymphidoidae), with description of new taxa. Cretaceous Research, 78, 149 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2017.06.007" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
|
Makarkin
|
|
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD68D617895048EFCAC91DB" box="[720,780,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2017
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFD68D61792F048EFC0491DB" author="Makarkin" box="[874,932,974,998]" firstAuthor="Makarkin" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="600 - 621" refId="ref50933" refString="Makarkin, V. N., Wedmann, S. & Heads, S. W. (2018) A systematic reappraisal of Araripeneuridae (Neuroptera), with description of new species from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation. Cretaceous Research, 84, 600 - 621. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2017.12.018" type="journal article" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) considered
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D617E7F048DFB7D91DB" box="[1082,1245,973,998]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cratosmylinae">Cratosmylinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(containing two Cretaceous genera from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F37A80F0FFD68D617BE204B1FE4E9637" box="[423,494,1009,1034]" name="Brazil" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D617BBC04B1FD279637" box="[505,647,1009,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Cratosmylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD68D617BBC04B1FD279637" box="[505,647,1009,1034]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Cratosmylus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D6178F904B1FBA99637" authority="Menon et al." authorityName="Menon" box="[700,1033,1009,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" genus="Araripenymphes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD68D6178F904B1FCD59637" box="[700,885,1009,1034]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Araripenymphes</emphasis>
|
|
Menon
|
|
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD68D61799404B2FBA99637" box="[977,1033,1009,1034]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) as a separate family closely related of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D617AF00355FE9B9613" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[181,315,1045,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |