154 lines
18 KiB
XML
154 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="8E93BAC3E4A0861FA522CE1E82B0DAC0">Lance lacewings of the world (Neuroptera: Archeosmylidae, Osmylidae, Saucrosmylidae): review of living and fossil genera</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B7288D36258EE159454767F03E521BC7">Winterton, Shaun L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3767D3FDA401B09888A86C2B4B948CD4">Martins, Caleb Califre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7687C526519DE5227A7BFA9BA3A493F3">Makarkin, Vladimir</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9C3A457E582D1E72375B4B2802752B8A">Ardila-Camacho, Adrian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7DD69F7503DE80EC4319B0DBFAA03235">Wang, Yongjie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="687F52FE5278CD908B8345E1FE390B8F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BA81B4545D835762760A8AC8F69424E7">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="48517E72A7983AA9982DC088DCAB120A">2019-04-09</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C47176FFC98D7F7AD20247FD309358" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5631499" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156146900" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5631499" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C47176FFC98D7F7AD20247FD309358" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C47176FFC98D7F7AD20247FD309358" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<subSubSection id="C37793EBFFC98D7E7AD20247FE5E971C" box="[151,510,1287,1313]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD2C060FFC98D7E7AD20247FE5E971C" blockId="74.[151,510,1287,1347]" box="[151,510,1287,1313]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<heading id="D09A770CFFC98D7E7AD20247FE5E971C" bold="true" box="[151,510,1287,1313]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFC98D7E7AD20247FE5E971C" ID-CoL="63MBK" ID-ENA="1935908" authority="Adams, 1969" authorityName="Adams" authorityYear="1969" box="[151,510,1287,1313]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Phymatosmylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFC98D7E7AD20247FE5E971C" bold="true" box="[151,510,1287,1313]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFC98D7E7AD20247FEF5971C" bold="true" box="[151,341,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Phymatosmylus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFC98D7E7B190247FE5E971C" author="Adams" box="[348,510,1287,1313]" firstAuthor="Adams" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref47080" refString="Adams, P. A. (1969) A new genus and species of Osmylidae (Neuroptera) from Chile and Argentina, with a discussion of Planipennian genitalic homologies. Postilla, 141, 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24591" type="journal article" year="1969">Adams, 1969</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37793EBFFC98D7E7AD2026AFE87977E" box="[151,295,1322,1347]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD2C060FFC98D7E7AD2026AFE87977E" blockId="74.[151,510,1287,1347]" box="[151,295,1322,1347]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1356DCE5FFC98D7E7ADA026AFEBF977E" box="[159,287,1322,1347]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 54" captionStart-1="FIGURE 55" captionStart-2="FIGURE 56" captionStartId-0="76.[151,250,956,978]" captionStartId-1="76.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionStartId-2="77.[151,250,1197,1219]" captionTargetBox-0="[153,1433,295,934]" captionTargetBox-1="[177,1429,1028,1888]" captionTargetBox-2="[165,1423,213,1167]" captionTargetId-0="figure@76.[153,1433,295,934]" captionTargetId-1="figure@76.[177,1429,1028,1888]" captionTargetId-2="figure@77.[153,1433,193,1175]" captionTargetPageId-0="76" captionTargetPageId-1="76" captionTargetPageId-2="77" captionText-0="FIGURE 54. Stenosmylinae. Phymatosmylus caprorum Adams (photo: Steve Marshall)." captionText-1="FIGURE 55. Stenosmylinae. Phymatosmylus caprorum Adams." captionText-2="FIGURE 56. Stenosmylinae. Phymatosmylus caprorum Adams, wing venation (trichosors and vestiture omitted)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2633951/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2633953/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/2633955/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Figs 54–56</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37793EBFFC98D7E7AD20232FC4197B5" box="[151,993,1394,1416]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD2C060FFC98D7E7AD20232FC4197B5" blockId="74.[151,993,1394,1416]" box="[151,993,1394,1416]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFC98D7E7AD20232FE8297B5" bold="true" box="[151,290,1394,1416]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<typeStatus id="54D67EC2FFC98D7E7AD20232FF6C97B5" box="[151,204,1394,1416]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFC98D7E7B6C0232FD7897B5" authority="Adams, 1969: 5" authorityName="Adams" authorityPageNumber="5" authorityYear="1969" box="[297,728,1394,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Phymatosmylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caprorum">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFC98D7E7B6C0232FD9197B5" box="[297,561,1394,1416]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Phymatosmylus caprorum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFC98D7E787D0232FD6297B5" author="Adams" box="[568,706,1394,1416]" firstAuthor="Adams" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref47080" refString="Adams, P. A. (1969) A new genus and species of Osmylidae (Neuroptera) from Chile and Argentina, with a discussion of Planipennian genitalic homologies. Postilla, 141, 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24591" type="journal article" year="1969">Adams, 1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 5
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</taxonomicName>
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(by original designation).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37793EBFFC98D7E7AD202F4FBE3952C" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD2C060FFC98D7E7AD202F4FBE3952C" blockId="74.[151,1437,1460,2029]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFC98D7E7AD202F4FEB197F0" bold="true" box="[151,273,1460,1485]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Female forecoxa with anterior patch of pedicellate setae; wings elongate and falcate with acute apex, highly variably in colour and extent of markings; female with FW CuP and 1A veins incrassate, male with all FW veins generally thicker than in HW; costal area relatively narrow; FW stem of RP short, RP originating close to wing base, RP1 originating close to origin of RP; RP branches strongly sinuous distally in both wings; endtwigging irregular and intermittent along posterior margin of wing; FW M forked midway along wing, both MA and MP dichotomously branched; CuA and CuP only slightly arched towards posterior wing margin beyond of M fork; FW 2A terminates in wing margin at level of origin of first branch of RP; male tergite 8 partially fused to tergite 9, and in turn tergite 9 partially fused to ectoproct; ectoproct without angular process; gonarcus rounded, anterior apodeme present, narrow; entoprocesses curved and apically rounded; female sternite 8 concave with posterolateral setose process; gonapophysis 9 short, bilobed; spermatheca spherical.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37793EBFFC98D7F7A820060FEC19302" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD2C060FFC98D7F7A820060FCA292C5" blockId="74.[151,1437,1460,2029]" lastBlockId="75.[151,1437,151,248]" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFC98D7E7A820060FEEF9504" bold="true" box="[199,335,1824,1849]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Comments.</emphasis>
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A highly variable monotypic genus likely closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFC98D7E79AA0060FB389504" box="[1007,1176,1824,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Isostenosmylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFC98D7E79AA0060FB389504" box="[1007,1176,1824,1849]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Isostenosmylus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; while the large falcate wings with dense venation show a superficial similarity to
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFC98D7E792E0005FC7F9561" box="[875,991,1861,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Kempynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFC98D7E792E0005FC7F9561" box="[875,991,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Kempynus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFC98D7E79B00004FB059560" box="[1013,1189,1860,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Phymatosmylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFC98D7E79B00004FB059560" box="[1013,1189,1860,1885]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Phymatosmylus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is clearly placed in
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFC98D7E7AD20028FE9F95BC" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,319,1896,1921]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Stenosmylinae">Stenosmylinae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFC98D7E7B0B0028FE5495BC" author="Adams" box="[334,500,1896,1921]" firstAuthor="Adams" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref47080" refString="Adams, P. A. (1969) A new genus and species of Osmylidae (Neuroptera) from Chile and Argentina, with a discussion of Planipennian genitalic homologies. Postilla, 141, 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24591" type="journal article" year="1969">Adams (1969)</bibRefCitation>
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suggested that this genus displayed an intermediate position in
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFC98D7E7EB40028FA3895BC" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1913" box="[1265,1432,1896,1921]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Stenosmylinae">Stenosmylinae</taxonomicName>
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, exhibiting a series of ‘generalised’ features, including the more proximal fork of the forewing medial vein and only partial fusion of the male abdominal tergites 8 and 9. Individuals examined by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFC98D7E7E6B00F0FB7295F4" author="Adams" box="[1070,1234,1968,1993]" firstAuthor="Adams" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref47080" refString="Adams, P. A. (1969) A new genus and species of Osmylidae (Neuroptera) from Chile and Argentina, with a discussion of Planipennian genitalic homologies. Postilla, 141, 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24591" type="journal article" year="1969">Adams (1969)</bibRefCitation>
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and in this study exhibit tremendous variation not only in pigmentation, but also vein branching, notably in the position of the medial fork, presence or absence of forking in various RP branches and partial fusion of MP branches with CuA. The latter vein fusion is rare and when present it not symmetrical in individuals. See
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFC88D7F7E1407FCFAD592E8" author="Cousin & Bethoux" box="[1105,1397,188,213]" firstAuthor="Cousin" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="225 - 232" refId="ref48080" refString="Cousin, G. & Bethoux, O. (2015) The steps towards and inconspicuous vein fusion documented in Stenosmylinae forewings (Neuroptera: Osmylidae). Organisms Diversity and Evolution, 16, 225 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13127 - 015 - 0242 - 6" type="journal article" year="2015">Cousin & Béthoux (2015)</bibRefCitation>
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for discussion of this phenomenon in other
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFC88D7F7810079FFD5D92C5" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1913" box="[597,765,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Stenosmylinae">Stenosmylinae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD2C060FFC88D7F7AD20667FEC19302" blockId="75.[151,656,295,357]" box="[151,353,295,320]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFC88D7F7AD20667FEFA937D" bold="true" box="[151,346,295,320]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Included species</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37793EBFFC88D7F7AD2060DFD309358" box="[151,656,332,357]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="reference_group">
|
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<paragraph id="8BD2C060FFC88D7F7AD2060DFD309358" blockId="75.[151,656,295,357]" box="[151,656,332,357]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFC88D7F7AD2060DFE1C9358" ID-CoL="77H2C" authority="Adams, 1969" authorityName="Adams" authorityYear="1969" box="[151,444,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Phymatosmylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caprorum">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFC88D7F7AD2060DFEBF9359" box="[151,287,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">P. caprorum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFC88D7F7B62060CFE1C9358" author="Adams" box="[295,444,332,357]" firstAuthor="Adams" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref47080" refString="Adams, P. A. (1969) A new genus and species of Osmylidae (Neuroptera) from Chile and Argentina, with a discussion of Planipennian genitalic homologies. Postilla, 141, 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24591" type="journal article" year="1969">Adams, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A80F0FFC88D7F7B8E060CFD9F9358" box="[459,575,332,357]" name="Argentina" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A80F0FFC88D7F780F060CFD289358" box="[586,648,332,357]" name="Chile" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |