178 lines
20 KiB
XML
178 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6C5FC7513C198C23FF5E7646C08ABC35">Lance lacewings of the world (Neuroptera: Archeosmylidae, Osmylidae, Saucrosmylidae): review of living and fossil genera</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7365F460EC3A2300020F8EA228F64826">Winterton, Shaun L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="12472C54454B3D292F73981F8620AF20">Martins, Caleb Califre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B4DA09925F210D0B464FAB2F48A38218">Makarkin, Vladimir</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7886661D6C2E705290030B77482D7C5E">Ardila-Camacho, Adrian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="243126348C7C605C2D13BA8E8C1F4937">Wang, Yongjie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5D2AFBF5A5A283A86EB493C469237A66">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DE74C2CBEFE47132DCB39EC65BA853BF">2019</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03C47176FFBB8D0C7AD204C5FC8094F0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5631481" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156146947" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5631481" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C47176FFBB8D0C7AD204C5FC8094F0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C47176FFBB8D0C7AD204C5FC8094F0" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<subSubSection id="C37793EBFFBB8D0C7AD204C5FE4591A2" box="[151,485,901,927]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD2C060FFBB8D0C7AD204C5FE4591A2" blockId="56.[151,485,901,960]" box="[151,485,901,927]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<heading id="D09A770CFFBB8D0C7AD204C5FE4591A2" bold="true" box="[151,485,901,927]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFBB8D0C7AD204C5FE4591A2" ID-CoL="6XYL" authority="Kruger, 1913 a" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,485,901,927]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Protosmylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFBB8D0C7AD204C5FE4591A2" bold="true" box="[151,485,901,927]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFBB8D0C7AD204C5FE8D91A2" bold="true" box="[151,301,901,927]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Protosmylus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFBB8D0C7B7104C5FE4591A2" author="Kruger" box="[308,485,901,927]" firstAuthor="Kruger" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="3 - 123" refId="ref49715" refString="Kruger, L. (1913 a) Osmylidae. Beitrage zu einer Monographie der Neuropteren-Familie der Osmyliden. II. Charakteristik der Familie, Unterfamilien und Gattungen auf Grund des Geaders. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 74, 3 - 123." type="journal article" year="1913 a">Krüger, 1913a</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37793EBFFBB8D0C7AD204E7FE8791FD" box="[151,295,935,960]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD2C060FFBB8D0C7AD204E7FE8791FD" blockId="56.[151,485,901,960]" box="[151,295,935,960]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1356DCE5FFBB8D0C7ADA04E7FEBF91FD" box="[159,287,935,960]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 37" captionStart-1="FIGURE 38" captionStartId-0="57.[151,250,986,1008]" captionStartId-1="57.[151,250,1935,1957]" captionTargetBox-0="[199,1391,193,955]" captionTargetBox-1="[153,1433,1060,1913]" captionTargetId-0="figure@57.[199,1391,193,955]" captionTargetId-1="figure@57.[153,1433,1060,1913]" captionTargetPageId-0="57" captionTargetPageId-1="57" captionText-0="FIGURE 37. Protosmylinae. Protosmylus pictus (Hagen), photo of specimen in Baltic amber (photo: Jonas Damzen)." captionText-1="FIGURE 38. Protosmylinae. Protosmylus sp., photo of specimen in Baltic amber (photo: Marius Veta)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2633919/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2633921/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figs 37–38</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37793EBFFBB8D0C7AD204B0FC4A963B" box="[151,1002,1008,1030]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD2C060FFBB8D0C7AD204B0FC4A963B" blockId="56.[151,1002,1008,1030]" box="[151,1002,1008,1030]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFBB8D0C7AD204B0FEBC963B" bold="true" box="[151,284,1008,1030]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<typeStatus id="54D67EC2FFBB8D0C7AD204B0FF6C963B" box="[151,204,1008,1030]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFBB8D0C7B6C04B0FD42963B" authority="Hagen in Berendt, 1856: 86" authorityName="Hagen in Berendt" authorityPageNumber="86" authorityYear="1856" box="[297,738,1008,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Osmylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictus">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFBB8D0C7B6C04B0FE63963B" box="[297,451,1008,1030]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Osmylus pictus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFBB8D0C7B8F04B1FD42963B" author="Hagen, H. A." box="[458,738,1008,1030]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="41 - 125" refId="ref48906" refString="Hagen, H. A. (1856) Die im Bernstein befindlichen Neuropteren der vorwelt bearbeitet von F. J. Pictet-Baraban [sic; for Pictetdel la Rive], und Dr. H. Hagen. In: Die im Bernstein befindlichen organischen reste der Vorwelt gesammelt, in verbindung mit mehreren bearbeitet und herausgegeben von Dr. Georg Carl Berendt, GC, Berendt, ed. Bd. 2. Nicholaischen Buchhandlung, Berlin, pp. 41 - 125." type="book chapter" year="1856">Hagen in Berendt, 1856: 86</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(by original designation).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37793EBFFBB8D0C7AD20372FBD4971E" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD2C060FFBB8D0C7AD20372FBD4971E" blockId="56.[151,1437,1073,1639]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFBB8D0C7AD20372FEAA9676" bold="true" box="[151,266,1074,1099]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Antennae comparatively long (with 38–52 flagellomeres), approximately equal to ⅔– wing length; ocelli present; female procoxa with elongate, lobed process on anterior surface; wings ovoid, hyaline, FW with dark irregular mottling; costal area relatively broad basally, subcostal veinlets simple, relatively closely spaced; both wings with relatively few crossveins in RA-RP area, RP with 8–9 branches; HW with stem of RP relatively long and curved, shorter in FW; two distinct gradate series in both wings; FW M fork at level of origin of RP1; FW MA with 3–4 pectinate branches, MP with 2–3 pectinate branches; FW CuA and CuP pectinately branched, both subequal in area of branching along wing margin; FW A1 with three pectinate branches.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37793EBFFBB8D0C7A82026EFEC19494" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD2C060FFBB8D0C7A82026EFE15945A" blockId="56.[151,1437,1073,1639]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFBB8D0C7A82026EFEE8977A" bold="true" box="[199,328,1326,1351]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Comments</emphasis>
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. The genotype of the subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFBB8D0C78FA026EFCC4977A" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1913" box="[703,868,1326,1351]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Protosmylinae">Protosmylinae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFBB8D0C7934026EFC5C977A" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1913" box="[881,1020,1326,1351]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Protosmylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFBB8D0C7934026EFC5C977A" box="[881,1020,1326,1351]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Protosmylus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was originally described based on a single forewing (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFBB8D0C7B100212FD159756" author="Pictet-Baraban & Hagen" box="[341,693,1362,1387]" firstAuthor="Pictet-Baraban" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refId="ref53330" refString="Pictet-Baraban, F. J. & Hagen, H. A. (1856) Die im Bernstein befindlichen Neuropteren der Vorvelt. Bd. 2. Abt. 2 of Berendt, G. C., Die im Bernstein befindlichen organischen reste der Vorwelt, Berlin, pp. 482." type="book" year="1856">Pictet-Baraban & Hagen, 1856</bibRefCitation>
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; Haug, 2003;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFBB8D0C79110212FC5D9756" author="Scheven" box="[852,1021,1362,1387]" firstAuthor="Scheven" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refId="ref54082" refString="Scheven, J. (2004) Bernstein-Einschlusse: Eine untergegangene Welt bezeugt die Schopfung. Erinnerungen an die Welt vor der Sintflut. Kuratorium Lebendige Vorwelt, Hofheim a. T., 160 pp." type="book" year="2004">Scheven, 2004</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFBB8D0C7E4C0212FB539756" author="Wichard" box="[1033,1267,1362,1387]" firstAuthor="Wichard" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refId="ref55068" refString="Wichard, W., Grohn, C. & Seredszus, F. (2009) Aquatic insects in Baltic amber. Wasserinsekten im Baltischen Bernstein, Kessel, Remagen, 336 pp." type="book" year="2009">
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Wichard
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFBB8D0C7E350214FB099756" box="[1136,1193,1362,1387]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2009
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</bibRefCitation>
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). The
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<typeStatus id="54D67EC2FFBB8D0C7F7F0212FA3C9756" box="[1338,1436,1362,1387]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFBB8D0C7AF00237FEB397B3" authorityName="Hagen in Berendt" authorityYear="1856" box="[181,275,1399,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Osmylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictus">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFBB8D0C7AF00237FEB397B3" box="[181,275,1399,1422]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">P. pictus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is presumed lost, although a number of more complete specimens matching this species (and other new species) exist in museums and private collections. The comparatively long antenna is unique among
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFBB8D0C7EBE02DAFA3D978E" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1913" box="[1275,1437,1434,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Protosmylinae">Protosmylinae</taxonomicName>
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genera, which typically have relatively shorter antennae. The presence of an elongate process on the female forecoxa is also unique to this genus and is a character typically found in other subfamilies (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFBB8D0C7F5602A2FA3297C6" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1299,1426,1506,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Osmylinae">Osmylinae</taxonomicName>
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||
).
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFBB8D0C7AD20146FE829422" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,290,1542,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Protosmylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFBB8D0C7AD20146FE829422" box="[151,290,1542,1567]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Protosmylus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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belongs to a group of very similar genera comprising
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFBB8D0C79D70146FBA59422" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1908" box="[914,1029,1542,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Osmylidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFBB8D0C79D70146FBA59422" box="[914,1029,1542,1567]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Osmylidia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFBB8D0C7E510146FACB9422" box="[1044,1387,1542,1567]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFBB8D0C7E510146FB689422" box="[1044,1224,1542,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Pseudosmylidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudosmylidia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFBB8D0C7E900146FACB9422" box="[1237,1387,1542,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Protosmylina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Protosmylina</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFBB8D0C7AD2016CFF4A947E" box="[151,234,1580,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Lysmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFBB8D0C7AD2016CFF4A947E" box="[151,234,1580,1603]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Lysmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although it also has some features consistent with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFBB8D0C7969016AFC0A947E" authorityName="Makarkin & Archibald" authorityYear="2005" box="[812,938,1578,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Jurosmylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFBB8D0C7969016AFC0A947E" box="[812,938,1578,1603]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Jurosmylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFBB8D0C79A4016AFB07947E" box="[993,1191,1578,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Juraheterosmylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFBB8D0C79A4016AFB07947E" box="[993,1191,1578,1603]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Juraheterosmylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, suggesting a slightly more distant relationship.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2C060FFBB8D0C7AD201D1FEC19494" blockId="56.[151,800,1681,1742]" box="[151,353,1681,1706]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFBB8D0C7AD201D1FEFA9497" bold="true" box="[151,346,1681,1706]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Included species</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37793EBFFBB8D0C7AD201F6FC8094F0" box="[151,800,1717,1742]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2C060FFBB8D0C7AD201F6FC8094F0" blockId="56.[151,800,1681,1742]" box="[151,800,1717,1742]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFBB8D0C7AD201F6FD2594F0" authority="(Hagen in Berendt, 1856)" authorityName="Hagen in Berendt" authorityYear="1856" baseAuthorityName="Hagen in Berendt" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[151,645,1717,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Osmylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFBB8D0C7AD201F6FF5594F0" box="[151,245,1718,1741]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">P. pictus</emphasis>
|
||
(Hagen in Berendt, 1856) (Europe)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(late Eocene)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |