treatments-xml/data/03/AB/21/03AB216FFFA7F650FC66FE6279F4F8D5.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

262 lines
30 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="2E04BF4A2CFDEF22BCF03C77B2E46527" ID-DOI="10.1111/zoj.12295" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5339562" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630184374276" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Santodomingo, Nadiezhda, Wallace, Carden C. &amp; Johnson, Kenneth G." docDate="2015" docId="03AB216FFFA7F650FC66FE6279F4F8D5" docLanguage="en" docName="zoj12295.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12295" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37.3:ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Acropora russelli WALLACE 1994" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="750" masterDocId="FF925917FFEFF619FFE0FFD07C56FFBA" masterDocTitle="Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia" masterLastPageNumber="763" masterPageNumber="677" pageNumber="749" updateTime="1699178715059" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="1817ABB81CFB07F418C9C1D9405E9DA0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="D327466B5B34D46334B1DAA928D7742F">
<mods:title id="05C92D472D21CC27BE6C285927F0A4DF">Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="EC1EFAF93C4081A943EE9858E7FC75E0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="449995BA318E3513738C707BE21EE0A8">
<mods:roleTerm id="8938B181A60DE0F226AF1BD21C256D8D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1D99DD97467546B7AD1B5CED38B82A29">Santodomingo, Nadiezhda</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="EFA5C1C2FF484788B8255AE379DA0D2F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="45D9C36FA5DF243E167296B1A8D60CA3">
<mods:roleTerm id="1B51279BDA33156D2A1636C75204257A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7727EA63CC730AE0A43A3ECA661E961D">Wallace, Carden C.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A1CBF17228A947EA9A8D39E61E009763" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F85EF2B9A9FA00637C2F963CF0FBF1EF">
<mods:roleTerm id="6341652BBE561046C4E670488937E804">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2252156C328E663E8EB4D542E4BF0E41">Johnson, Kenneth G.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="B698849D162CBF984B3093D93D1ED7E2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="2E4C0BC7E58AE267FF3A8AD4E2C9CD61" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="FD8ADA888FFF98CD54DD056AF4AB9EA1">
<mods:title id="DB154BFD1F1E4EC0B8811D68BF8F8404">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="CDE8B9179B5E59BC7FC74B739C43AC0D">
<mods:date id="B5A0E3CC49A6A028C9A345FB56A9C56A">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="1CE152DD849D8C7560900FA783190F94" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="123F7A1B43ABF63268FE9E60AAC6BE61">2015-11-18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="1966575FD914F1A00F4DD438E302E720" type="volume">
<mods:number id="036D40A98F9C447EB9ED9BCD369DA036">175</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="A2A1FC1B979095127D8AD9F143BA764E" type="issue">
<mods:number id="DB31DEB5223946B9B24F8EB293CCDC7F">4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="87809B16A1FB5D7492A0F00B7EA1C716" unit="page">
<mods:start id="04119DA9E4B7B03DBCEC80D3DCAC32D2">677</mods:start>
<mods:end id="FC4E4FEE2533281E4B6226C467EAF4CB">763</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="3E9860D83F8FC858F5AD0A9F6E1ED157">
<mods:url id="F3683C6FEC1CC20C5A189DC4623E828A">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12295</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="9073312B430CE4371C9D78D6EE460949">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="46055DADD2E14EFA03D5E73761D45DFD" type="DOI">10.1111/zoj.12295</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="722165E242846F739CCCDB6CBD3C5851" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DA0A1AA2CF6AEFA5381FB8BD23FB6F99" type="Zenodo-Dep">5339562</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03AB216FFFA7F650FC66FE6279F4F8D5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB216FFFA7F650FC66FE6279F4F8D5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB216FFFA7F650FC66FE6279F4F8D5" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="750" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">
<subSubSection id="C318C3F2FFA7F651FC66FE62797BFE7C" box="[902,1325,433,455]" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFA7F651FC66FE62797BFE7C" blockId="72.[902,1325,433,455]" box="[902,1325,433,455]" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">
<heading id="D0F52715FFA7F651FC66FE62797BFE7C" box="[902,1325,433,455]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" reason="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFA7F651FC66FE62797BFE7C" ID-CoL="9P5T" authority="WALLACE, 1994" authorityName="WALLACE" authorityYear="1994" box="[902,1325,433,455]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="russelli">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFA7F651FC66FE627827FE7F" box="[902,1137,434,455]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">ACROPORA RUSSELLI</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF93ED88FFA7F651FB99FE62797BFE7C" author="Wallace CC" box="[1145,1325,433,455]" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" pagination="961 - 988" refId="ref53754" refString="Wallace CC. 1994. New species and a new species-group of the coral genus Acropora from Indo-Pacific locations. Invertebrate Taxonomy 8: 961 - 988." type="journal article" year="1994">WALLACE, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C318C3F2FFA7F651FBFDFE0878C0FE57" box="[1053,1174,472,493]" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFA7F651FBFDFE0878C0FE57" blockId="72.[1053,1174,472,493]" box="[1053,1174,472,493]" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">
<figureCitation id="13398CFCFFA7F651FBFDFE0878C0FE57" box="[1053,1174,472,493]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="73.[164,243,1214,1233]" captionTargetBox="[181,1425,195,1185]" captionTargetId="figure-263@73.[586,1007,659,1098]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figure 37. Acropora russelli. NHMUK PI AZ 8834, TF500, Bontang, East Kalimantan, Late Miocene (9.49.8 Ma). A, arborescent colony embedded into a fine sediment matrix. B, detail of a branch showing radial corallite arrangement. C and D, detail of axial corallites showing costate coenosteum. E, detail of tubular radial corallite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339640" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339640/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">FIGURE 37</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C318C3F2FFA7F651FCC6FE2F7847FD88" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFA7F651FCC6FE2F7847FD88" blockId="72.[806,1421,510,563]" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB12B757FFA7F651FCC6FE2F7847FD88" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">
<treatmentCitation id="0AA3B668FFA7F651FCC6FE2F78EFFDAE" author="Wallace CC" box="[806,1209,510,532]" page="983" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" year="1994">
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFA7F651FCC6FE2F78EFFDAE" ID-CoL="9P5T" authority="Wallace, 1994: 983" authorityName="WALLACE" authorityPageNumber="983" authorityYear="1994" box="[806,1209,510,532]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="russelli">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFA7F651FCC6FE2F7FB7FDA9" box="[806,993,510,532]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">Acropora russelli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF93ED88FFA7F651FC08FE2E78EFFDAE" author="Wallace CC" box="[1000,1209,510,532]" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" pagination="961 - 988" refId="ref53754" refString="Wallace CC. 1994. New species and a new species-group of the coral genus Acropora from Indo-Pacific locations. Invertebrate Taxonomy 8: 961 - 988." type="journal article" year="1994">Wallace, 1994: 983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 26; 1999: 316 317, pl. 89 fig. AG.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C318C3F2FFA7F650FCC6FDB379F4F8D5" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="750" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFA7F651FCC6FDB37FC0FDC2" blockId="72.[806,1421,611,816]" box="[806,918,611,632]" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFA7F651FCC6FDB37FC0FDC2" box="[806,918,611,632]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFA7F651FCC6FD517F3AFC8A" blockId="72.[806,1421,611,816]" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">
Colonies with determinate growth, composed of delicate, slender, slightly flattened branches. Tubular to conical corallites, not touching, sparsely arranged on the lateral sides and central part of branches. Dense coenosteum (
<bibRefCitation id="EF93ED88FFA7F651FC5BFD2B7977FCAA" author="Wallace CC &amp; Wolstenholme JK" box="[955,1313,763,785]" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" pagination="199 - 384" refId="ref54270" refString="Wallace CC, Wolstenholme JK. 1998. Revision of the coral genus Acropora (Scleractinia: Astrocoeniina: Acroporidae) in Indonesia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 123: 199 - 384." type="journal article" year="1998">Wallace &amp; Wolstenholme, 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF93ED88FFA7F651FACEFD2B7F36FC8A" author="Wallace CC" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" refId="ref53823" refString="Wallace CC. 1999. Staghorn corals of the world: a revision of the coral Genus Acropora (Scleractinia; Astrocoeniina; Acroporidae) worldwide, with emphasis on morphology, phylogeny and biogeography. Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing." type="book" year="1999">Wallace, 1999</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFA7F651FCC6FC8F7FB3FCCE" blockId="72.[806,1421,863,1038]" box="[806,997,863,884]" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFA7F651FCC6FC8F7FB3FCCE" box="[806,997,863,884]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">Material studied</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFA7F651FCC6FCAE7977FC08" blockId="72.[806,1421,863,1038]" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">NHMUK PI AZ 8834, one colony embedded into indurated matrix plus a few loose fragments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFA7F651FCDFFC6B7835FBB4" blockId="72.[806,1421,863,1038]" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFA7F651FCDFFC6B782DFC6A" box="[831,1147,955,976]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">Modern comparative material</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B6A9A24FFA7F651FB68FC6B7835FBB4" accessionNumber="G40795, G51487" country="Indonesia" location="Reef" municipality="Timor Sea" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54B92EDBFFA7F651FB68FC6B78BCFC6B" box="[1160,1258,955,977]" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, MTQ G40795, Cartier
<location id="8EDDC6A2FFA7F651FC72FC097F9AFC55" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB216FFFA7F650FC66FE6279F4F8D5:8EDDC6A2FFA7F651FC72FC097F9AFC55" box="[914,972,985,1007]" country="Indonesia" municipality="Timor Sea" name="Reef" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">Reef</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD90A03FFA7F651FC02FC097838FC54" box="[994,1134,985,1007]" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">Timor Sea</collectingMunicipality>
; MTQ G51487-51488,
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFA7F651FCC6FC287F8BFBB7" authority="Sea" authorityName="Sea" box="[806,989,1016,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Halmahera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Halmahera Sea</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="F315D0E9FFA7F651FC0CFC287809FBB4" box="[1004,1119,1016,1038]" name="Indonesia" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFA7F651FCC6FBED7878FBE8" blockId="72.[806,1422,1085,1902]" box="[806,1070,1085,1106]" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFA7F651FCC6FBED7878FBE8" box="[806,1070,1085,1106]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">Skeletal characteristics</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFA7F651FCC6FB8C78E9FADC" blockId="72.[806,1422,1085,1902]" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFA7F651FCC6FB8C7FCCFBCB" box="[806,922,1116,1137]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFA7F651FCC6FB8C7FC0FBCB" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1834" box="[806,918,1116,1137]" genus="Corallum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Corallum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Colony small arborescent, length
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFA7F651FACAFB8C79DEFBCB" box="[1322,1416,1116,1138]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" unit="mm" value="135.0">135 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFA7F651FC93FBAA7F86FB2A" box="[883,976,1146,1168]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" unit="mm" value="110.0">110 mm</quantity>
, height
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFA7F651FBD3FBAA78D2FB2A" box="[1075,1156,1146,1168]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
, preserved into an indurated silty clay matrix (
<figureCitation id="13398CFCFFA7F651FBAAFB4978FCFB15" box="[1098,1194,1177,1199]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="73.[164,243,1214,1233]" captionTargetBox="[181,1425,195,1185]" captionTargetId="figure-263@73.[586,1007,659,1098]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figure 37. Acropora russelli. NHMUK PI AZ 8834, TF500, Bontang, East Kalimantan, Late Miocene (9.49.8 Ma). A, arborescent colony embedded into a fine sediment matrix. B, detail of a branch showing radial corallite arrangement. C and D, detail of axial corallites showing costate coenosteum. E, detail of tubular radial corallite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339640" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339640/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">Fig. 37A</figureCitation>
); slender and slightly flattened branches, branch length 23.8933.25
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFA7F651FCC6FB067FCEFB56" box="[806,920,1238,1260]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" unit="mm" value="40.64">40.64 mm</quantity>
, basal branch diameter 7.457.788.11, mid branch diameter 3.544.34
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFA7F651FB92FB25788EFAB0" box="[1138,1240,1269,1291]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.14" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" unit="mm" value="5.14">5.14 mm</quantity>
, branch tip diameter 2.842.91
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFA7F651FC1AFAC47809FA93" box="[1018,1119,1300,1321]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.98" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" unit="mm" value="2.98">2.98 mm</quantity>
. Sparse branches separat- ed at least
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFA7F651FC5DFAE2784CFAFD" box="[957,1050,1330,1352]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" unit="mm" value="9.5">9.5 mm</quantity>
, exert in angles 53.561.05 78.56°; growth determinate; terete.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFA7F651FCDFFABF78F8F8A8" blockId="72.[806,1422,1085,1902]" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFA7F651FCDFFABF7FE3FA3E" box="[831,949,1391,1412]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">Corallites.</emphasis>
A few axial corallites exposed protruding from indurated matrix (
<figureCitation id="13398CFCFFA7F651FBB5FA5E78C8FA1E" box="[1109,1182,1422,1444]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="73.[164,243,1214,1233]" captionTargetBox="[181,1425,195,1185]" captionTargetId="figure-263@73.[586,1007,659,1098]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figure 37. Acropora russelli. NHMUK PI AZ 8834, TF500, Bontang, East Kalimantan, Late Miocene (9.49.8 Ma). A, arborescent colony embedded into a fine sediment matrix. B, detail of a branch showing radial corallite arrangement. C and D, detail of axial corallites showing costate coenosteum. E, detail of tubular radial corallite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339640" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339640/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
C-D), tubular,
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFA7F651FADCFA5E79DBFA19" box="[1340,1421,1422,1443]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
exsert, outer diameter 1.581.67
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFA7F651FB52FA7C7941FA78" box="[1202,1303,1452,1474]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.84" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" unit="mm" value="1.84">1.84 mm</quantity>
, inner diameter 1.031.06
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFA7F651FC1FFA1B7837FA5A" box="[1023,1121,1483,1505]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.11" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" unit="mm" value="1.11">1.11 mm</quantity>
, costate wall, wall thickness 0.340.39
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFA7F651FC04FA39781DFA45" box="[996,1099,1513,1535]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" unit="mm" value="0.45">0.45 mm</quantity>
, primary septa up to onequarter R, secondary septa observed as points and arranged as S1&gt;&gt;S2; radial corallites, not touching, sparsely alternate around the axis, tubular, appressed tubular or tubular conical, round to oval calices, profile length 1.572.182.72, exert in angles 45.8954.42 62.31°, outer diameter 0.600.73
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFA7F651FB53F971794EF90D" box="[1203,1304,1697,1719]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" unit="mm" value="0.92">0.92 mm</quantity>
, inner diameter 0.390.44
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFA7F651FC1BF9107809F96F" box="[1019,1119,1728,1749]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" unit="mm" value="0.48">0.48 mm</quantity>
, distance between centres 4.174.39
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFA7F651FC42F90E7850F94E" box="[930,1030,1758,1780]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.63" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" unit="mm" value="4.63">4.63 mm</quantity>
, septa S1&gt;&gt;S2. Corallite arrangement sequence 1222 up to 4.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFA7F651FCDFF8CC7F98F8D4" blockId="72.[806,1422,1085,1902]" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFA7F651FCDFF8CC7F9DF88B" box="[831,971,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="749">Coenosteum.</emphasis>
Flattened spinules with elaborated tips aligned as costae throughout. Coenosteum amount 2.25 2.87
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFA7F651FC84F8897F9CF8D4" box="[868,970,1881,1902]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.34" pageId="72" pageNumber="749" unit="mm" value="3.34">3.34 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7DC0F1FFA6F650FF44FB6E78E5FAB6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339640" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5339640" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339640/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="750" startId="73.[164,243,1214,1233]" targetBox="[181,1425,195,1185]" targetPageId="73">
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFA6F650FF44FB6E78E5FAB6" blockId="73.[164,1441,1214,1293]" pageId="73" pageNumber="750">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFA6F650FF44FB6E7D4FFB68" bold="true" box="[164,281,1214,1234]" pageId="73" pageNumber="750">Figure 37.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFA6F650FEC4FB6F7D8FFB68" authorityName="WALLACE" authorityYear="1994" box="[292,473,1215,1234]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="73" pageNumber="750" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="russelli">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFA6F650FEC4FB6F7D8FFB68" box="[292,473,1215,1234]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="750">Acropora russelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. NHMUK PI AZ 8834, TF500, Bontang, East Kalimantan, Late Miocene (9.49.8 Ma). A, arborescent colony embedded into a fine sediment matrix. B, detail of a branch showing radial corallite arrangement. C and D, detail of axial corallites showing costate coenosteum. E, detail of tubular radial corallite.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFA6F650FF44FAB47D74FAC3" blockId="73.[164,779,1380,1616]" box="[164,290,1380,1401]" pageId="73" pageNumber="750">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFA6F650FF44FAB47D74FAC3" box="[164,290,1380,1401]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="750">Occurrence</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFA6F650FF44FA537CBCF9EA" blockId="73.[164,779,1380,1616]" pageId="73" pageNumber="750">
Late Miocene to Recent. This fossil colony represents the earliest occurrence of the species in outcrop TF500, Bontang, of Tortonian age, 9.49.8 Ma. On modern reefs,
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFA6F650FEACFA0E7DE8FA49" authorityName="WALLACE" authorityYear="1994" box="[332,446,1502,1523]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="73" pageNumber="750" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="russelli">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFA6F650FEACFA0E7DE8FA49" box="[332,446,1502,1523]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="750">A. russelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a scattered distribution with records from
<collectingCountry id="F315D0E9FFA6F650FE9BFA2C7DA6F9A8" box="[379,496,1532,1554]" name="Mauritius" pageId="73" pageNumber="750">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F315D0E9FFA6F650FE1EFA2C7E23F9A8" box="[510,629,1532,1554]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="73" pageNumber="750">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFA6F650FD62FA2C7F50F9A8" box="[642,774,1532,1554]" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Halmahera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="694" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Halmahera</taxonomicName>
, West Papua and north-west
<collectingCountry id="F315D0E9FFA6F650FE0EF9CB7E0CF98B" box="[494,602,1563,1585]" name="Australia" pageId="73" pageNumber="750">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF93ED88FFA6F650FD8AF9CB7C89F9EA" author="Wallace CC &amp; Done BJ &amp; Muir PR" pageId="73" pageNumber="750" pagination="1 - 255" refId="ref54139" refString="Wallace CC, Done BJ, Muir PR. 2012. Revision and catalogue of worldwide staghorn corals Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Museum of Tropical Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 57: 1 - 255." type="journal article" year="2012">
Wallace
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFA6F650FD2CF9CC7EABF98A" box="[716,765,1563,1585]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="750">et al</emphasis>
., 2012
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFA6F650FF44F9527D28F92D" blockId="73.[164,779,1666,1903]" box="[164,382,1666,1687]" pageId="73" pageNumber="750">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFA6F650FF44F9527D28F92D" box="[164,382,1666,1687]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="750">Palaeoenvironment</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFA6F650FF44F97178BEFA6F" blockId="73.[164,779,1666,1903]" lastBlockId="73.[826,1441,1379,1493]" pageId="73" pageNumber="750">
A single colony of
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFA6F650FE70F9717E5CF90C" authorityName="WALLACE" authorityYear="1994" box="[400,522,1697,1718]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="73" pageNumber="750" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="russelli">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFA6F650FE70F9717E5CF90C" box="[400,522,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="750">A. russelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found partially recrystallized and embedded in a silty clay-rich sediment matrix. The specimen was collected in a bed dominated by thin platy corals of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFA6F650FDB2F92D7E93F8A8" box="[594,709,1789,1810]" class="Anthozoa" family="Agariciidae" genus="Pachyseris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="73" pageNumber="750" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFA6F650FDB2F92D7E93F8A8" box="[594,709,1789,1810]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="750">Pachyseris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, some
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFA6F650FF44F8CB7D47F88A" authorityName="Jean Vincent Felix Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" box="[164,273,1819,1840]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Halimedaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="73" pageNumber="750" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFA6F650FF44F8CB7D47F88A" box="[164,273,1819,1840]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="750">Halimeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and fenestrate bryozoans. The outcrop TF500 is at the base of the Bontang Gardens outcrops, according to the stratigraphic correlation of
<bibRefCitation id="EF93ED88FFA6F650FD94F8897FD3FAC3" author="Renema W &amp; Warter V &amp; Novak V &amp; Young JR &amp; Marshall N &amp; Hasibuan F" box="[628,901,1379,1902]" pageId="73" pageNumber="750" pagination="26 - 39" refId="ref52535" refString="Renema W, Warter V, Novak V, Young JR, Marshall N, Hasibuan F. 2015. Ages of Miocene fossil localities in the northern Kutai Basin (East Kalimantan, Indonesia). Palaios 30: 26 - 39. doi: 10.2110 / palo. 2013.127." type="journal article" year="2015">
Renema
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFA6F650FD35F8897F55F8D4" box="[725,771,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="750">et al</emphasis>
. (2015)
</bibRefCitation>
. On modern reefs, this species occurs on sandy slopes at depths of
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFA6F650FBF3FA527825FA2D" box="[1043,1139,1410,1432]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="73" pageNumber="750" unit="m" value="20.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="15.0">1525 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF93ED88FFA6F650FB62FA527F20FA0D" author="Wallace CC &amp; Wolstenholme JK" pageId="73" pageNumber="750" pagination="199 - 384" refId="ref54270" refString="Wallace CC, Wolstenholme JK. 1998. Revision of the coral genus Acropora (Scleractinia: Astrocoeniina: Acroporidae) in Indonesia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 123: 199 - 384." type="journal article" year="1998">Wallace &amp; Wolstenholme, 1998</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="F315D0E9FFA6F650FC55FA71787AFA0D" box="[949,1068,1441,1463]" name="Indonesia" pageId="73" pageNumber="750">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFA6F650FBDDFA7178E2FA0C" authorityName="WALLACE" authorityYear="1994" box="[1085,1204,1441,1462]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="73" pageNumber="750" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="russelli">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFA6F650FBDDFA7178E2FA0C" box="[1085,1204,1441,1462]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="750">A. russelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been found in
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFA6F650FCDAFA6F7FEDFA6F" box="[826,955,1471,1493]" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Halmahera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="694" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Halmahera</taxonomicName>
and
<collectingRegion id="49C65E9BFFA6F650FC1AFA6F7825FA6F" box="[1018,1139,1471,1493]" country="Indonesia" name="Papua Barat" pageId="73" pageNumber="750">
Irian
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFA6F650FBDDFA107825FA6F" box="[1085,1139,1472,1493]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Jaya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="694" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Jaya</taxonomicName>
</collectingRegion>
(
<tableCitation id="C680A5C2FFA6F650FB65FA6F788DFA6F" box="[1157,1243,1471,1493]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="17.[116,180,384,405]" captionText="Table 4. Present distribution of Acropora and Isopora species in Indonesia and surrounding seas (Malaysia and Philippines) in comparison with the fossil records of this study" pageId="73" pageNumber="750">Table 4</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFA6F650FCDAF9D87FC9F9A7" blockId="73.[826,1442,1544,1903]" box="[826,927,1544,1565]" pageId="73" pageNumber="750">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFA6F650FCDAF9D87FC9F9A7" box="[826,927,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="750">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFA6F650FCDAF9F779F4F8D5" blockId="73.[826,1442,1544,1903]" pageId="73" pageNumber="750">
Comparisons with modern specimens from
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFA6F650FAFDF9F779C8F987" box="[1309,1438,1575,1597]" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Halmahera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="694" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Halmahera</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="F315D0E9FFA6F650FCDAF9957FFDF9E1" box="[826,939,1605,1627]" name="Indonesia" pageId="73" pageNumber="750">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, such as MTQ G51487 and G51493, allowed the interpretation of the fossil material as
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFA6F650FAC8F9B479CCF9C3" authorityName="WALLACE" authorityYear="1994" box="[1320,1434,1636,1657]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="73" pageNumber="750" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="russelli">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFA6F650FAC8F9B479CCF9C3" box="[1320,1434,1636,1657]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="750">A. russelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on the general organization of the colony, and morphology and dimensions of radial corallites. The fossil colony of
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFA6F650FBF8F91078C1F96F" authorityName="WALLACE" authorityYear="1994" box="[1048,1175,1728,1749]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="73" pageNumber="750" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="russelli">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFA6F650FBF8F91078C1F96F" box="[1048,1175,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="750">A. russelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been partially recrystallized resulting in a denser skeleton and partial loss of coenosteum ornamentation. The typical freeliving nature of modern specimens is difficult to determine in the fossil specimen, although the branches form a matted colony similar to modern conspecifics.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>