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<mods:title id="B0D86F496E71E5E5A547F5B589D2C757">Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D7EADFAE47D247E2B4516D75E28D4AE1">Weissman, David B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="46D6A9954F93642883F568E48BC15265">Vandergast, Amy G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="03DA66F3A7E92F2A6C8E017D9B5497AA">Song, Hojun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9CE90591C35B1A1AC53721CE4CD0B86D">Shin, Seunggwan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9C6C52376C23EBE78357E107A06510D6">Mckenna, Duane D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5E1E6EE27064ED162FF189C7EC037562">Ueshima, Norihiro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="09B37882CCE2EDAEA47257D0C5DEBD1D">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03A4C4208A62FB5F9B8421A61E8CFCFD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4475727" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177134702" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4475727" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A4C4208A62FB5F9B8421A61E8CFCFD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A4C4208A62FB5F9B8421A61E8CFCFD" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<subSubSection id="C31726BD8A62FB5F9B8421A61C2AFF76" box="[151,819,151,178]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB275368A62FB5F9B8421A61C2AFF76" blockId="19.[151,819,151,178]" box="[151,819,151,178]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="D0FAC25A8A62FB5F9B8421A61C2AFF76" bold="true" box="[151,819,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B979A9248A62FB5F9B8421A61C34FF75" bold="true" box="[151,813,151,178]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A62FB5F9B8421A61E9EFF75" ID-CoL="8NZHZ" authorityName="Gorochov" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,391,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979A9248A62FB5F9B8421A61E9EFF75" bold="true" box="[151,391,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Stenopelmatopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
junior synonym of
<emphasis id="B979A9248A62FB5F996821A61C34FF75" box="[635,813,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Stenopelmatus</emphasis>
</emphasis>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31726BD8A62FB5F9B8421D11E8CFCFD" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB275368A62FB5F9B8421D11E8CFCFD" blockId="19.[151,1437,224,826]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
On the basis of our expanded DNA information (
<figureCitation id="133669B38A62FB5F99D021D11C0EFF3D" box="[707,791,224,250]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1521,1545]" captionTargetBox="[436,1148,954,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-73@14.[433,1154,953,1494]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Coalescent-based species tree estimation using ASTRAL. Ammopelmatus clade has been collapsed. Green circles on the nodes denote 100% bootstrap support values, and the support values below 100% are shown as numbers. In samples F2004, F2152, and F2238, the species name is preceded by a “?” mark because the identity of the individual is not certain. These three samples are discussed in the text under each presumptive species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4472047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4472047/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
), we declare
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A62FB5F98BD21D11A1CFF3D" authority="Gorochov" authorityName="Gorochov" authorityYear="1988" box="[942,1285,224,250]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979A9248A62FB5F98BD21D11B95FF3D" box="[942,1164,224,250]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Stenopelmatopterus</emphasis>
Gorochov
</taxonomicName>
a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A62FB5F9A1620351EB1FED9" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[261,424,260,286]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979A9248A62FB5F9A1620351EB1FED9" box="[261,424,260,286]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Stenopelmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C08C78A62FB5F9AA920351D99FED9" author="Gorochov, A. V." box="[442,640,260,286]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="518 - 529" refId="ref49549" refString="Gorochov, A. V. (1988) System and phylogeny of the recent Orthoptera of the superfamilies Hagloidea and Stenpelmatodea with a description of new taxa. Communications 2. Zoologicheskij Zhurnal, 67, 518 - 529. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1988">Gorochov (1988)</bibRefCitation>
erected his new genus to include 3 previously described species of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A62FB5F9B8420191E23FE85" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[151,314,296,322]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979A9248A62FB5F9B8420191E23FE85" box="[151,314,296,322]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Stenopelmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A62FB5F9A5A20191EFCFE86" box="[329,485,296,322]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">
<emphasis id="B979A9248A62FB5F9A5A20191EFCFE86" box="[329,485,296,322]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. sartorianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54B6CB948A62FB5F9AE020191D3CFE85" box="[499,549,296,322]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
species of genus),
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A62FB5F99EA20191C48FE85" box="[761,849,296,322]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sallei">
<emphasis id="B979A9248A62FB5F99EA20191C48FE85" box="[761,849,296,322]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. sallei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<emphasis id="B979A9248A62FB5F989E20191B2AFE85" box="[909,1075,296,322]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A62FB5F989E20191B36FE85" box="[909,1071,296,322]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumichrasti">S. sumichrasti</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Later in this paper, we make the following changes: (1) Both
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A62FB5F9AC4207D1D29FEA1" box="[471,560,332,358]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sallei">
<emphasis id="B979A9248A62FB5F9AC4207D1D29FEA1" box="[471,560,332,358]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. sallei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54B6CB948A62FB5F992D207D1D69FEA1" box="[574,624,332,358]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
a female nymph from “
<collectingCountry id="F31A35A68A62FB5F9864207D1CCAFEA0" box="[887,979,332,359]" name="Mexico" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Mexico</collectingCountry>
”) and
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A62FB5F9F09207D1BA1FEA1" box="[1050,1208,332,358]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumichrasti">
<emphasis id="B979A9248A62FB5F9F09207D1BA1FEA1" box="[1050,1208,332,358]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. sumichrasti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54B6CB948A62FB5F9FD5207D1BE1FEA1" box="[1222,1272,332,358]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
a male nymph from “
<collectingCountry id="F31A35A68A62FB5F9BF320411E25FE4C" box="[224,316,368,395]" name="Mexico" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Mexico</collectingCountry>
”) are declared nomen dubium. (2)
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A62FB5F99DD20411B2FFE4E" box="[718,1078,368,394]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">
<emphasis id="B979A9248A62FB5F99DD20411B2FFE4E" box="[718,1078,368,394]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Stenopelmatopterus sartorianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54B6CB948A62FB5F9F5420411B60FE4D" box="[1095,1145,368,394]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
an adult female from the Mexican state of
<collectingRegion id="49C9BBD48A62FB5F9A4F20A51EA1FE68" box="[348,440,404,431]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
) is moved back into
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A62FB5F99BB20A51C52FE69" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[680,843,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979A9248A62FB5F99BB20A51C52FE69" box="[680,843,404,430]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Stenopelmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because it is recovered in Clade 2, along with other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A62FB5F9A0020891EAFFE15" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[275,438,440,466]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979A9248A62FB5F9A0020891EAFFE15" box="[275,438,440,466]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Stenopelmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F31A35A68A62FB5F991220891D40FE15" box="[513,601,440,466]" name="Mexico" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31A35A68A62FB5F997B20891DC1FE15" box="[616,728,440,466]" name="Honduras" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Honduras</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F31A35A68A62FB5F980B20891C80FE15" box="[792,921,440,466]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
. Plus, none of the supposedly distinguishing characteristics of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A62FB5F9A4E20ED1D22FE31" authorityName="Gorochov" authorityYear="1988" box="[349,571,476,502]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979A9248A62FB5F9A4E20ED1D22FE31" box="[349,571,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Stenopelmatopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are unique and diagnostic of that genus: (1) While no other species has fully formed wings, three species (
<emphasis id="B979A9248A62FB5F9AF523311C08FDDD" box="[486,785,512,538]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A62FB5F9AF523311D91FDDE" box="[486,648,512,538]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piceiventris">S. piceiventris</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A62FB5F998623311C14FDDD" authorityName="Weissman &amp; Vandergast &amp; Song &amp; Shin &amp; Mckenna &amp; Ueshima" authorityYear="2021" box="[661,781,512,538]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiapas">S. chiapas</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A62FB5F985923311CD4FDDD" authorityName="Weissman &amp; Vandergast &amp; Song &amp; Shin &amp; Mckenna &amp; Ueshima" authorityYear="2021" box="[842,973,512,538]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanfelipe">
<emphasis id="B979A9248A62FB5F985923311CD4FDDD" box="[842,973,512,538]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. sanfelipe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are micropterous (using terminology of
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C08C78A62FB5F9B8423151E04FDF9" author="Slater, J. A." box="[151,285,547,574]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="47 - 64" refId="ref51876" refString="Slater, J. A. (1975) On the biology and zoogeography of Australian Lygaeidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) with special reference to the southwest fauna. Journal Australian Entomological Society, 14, 47 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1975. tb 02002. x" type="journal article" year="1975">Slater 1975</bibRefCitation>
). (2) Slender legs are also seen in
<emphasis id="B979A9248A62FB5F99B923151C68FDFA" box="[682,881,548,574]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A62FB5F99B923151C01FDFA" authorityName="Weissman &amp; Vandergast &amp; Song &amp; Shin &amp; Mckenna &amp; Ueshima" authorityYear="2021" box="[682,792,548,574]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cusuco">S. cusuco</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A62FB5F983523151C68FDFA" box="[806,881,548,574]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ater">S. ater</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A62FB5F98A123151B4AFDFA" box="[946,1107,548,574]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piceiventris">
<emphasis id="B979A9248A62FB5F98A123151B4AFDFA" box="[946,1107,548,574]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. piceiventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, among others (
<tableCitation id="C68F408D8A62FB5F9E1F23151A78FDF9" box="[1292,1377,548,574]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="15.[151,170,493,520]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 1. Summary of adult measurements (mm) in Stenopelmatus taxa with multiple adult specimens." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7225BE8A7EFB439B8420DC1BEFFDCF" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" tableUuid="DF7225BE8A7EFB439B8420DC1BEFFDCF">Table 1</tableCitation>
). (3) Reversed V-shaped furrows are common among other wingless species of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A62FB5F98F423791B93FDA5" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[999,1162,584,610]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979A9248A62FB5F98F423791B93FDA5" box="[999,1162,584,610]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Stenopelmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see photos later in this text), and are even present in some taxa of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A62FB5F9968235D1C31FD41" box="[635,808,620,646]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Ammopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979A9248A62FB5F9968235D1C31FD41" box="[635,808,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ammopelmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Additionally, in our series of
<emphasis id="B979A9248A62FB5F9F6D235D1A3BFD42" box="[1150,1314,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A62FB5F9F6D235D1A07FD42" box="[1150,1310,620,646]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">S. sartorianus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
most individuals do not have a complete V shaped furrow and some adult specimens barely have lateral carinae. (4) Large eyes are widespread within the subfamily, especially in
<emphasis id="B979A9248A62FB5F981D23851CDBFD09" box="[782,962,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A62FB5F981D23851CA7FD09" box="[782,958,692,718]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Ammopelmatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ammopelmatus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Perhaps, most importantly,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB58A62FB5F9FED23851A85FD0A" box="[1278,1436,692,718]" class="Insecta" family="Stenopelmatidae" genus="Stenopelmatopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorianus">
<emphasis id="B979A9248A62FB5F9FED23851A85FD0A" box="[1278,1436,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. sartorianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is recovered with, and looks and behaves like many other JCs in Clade 2. Retaining it as a monotypic genus would only serve to obscure its affinity with the other taxa to which it is most closely related to on the basis of molecular phylogenetic analyses.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>