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<mods:title id="8B9B1FD2F8E03B6197ECA271E1764413">Like grains of sand: Ninetis spiders on the Arabian Peninsula (Araneae: Pholcidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4F6F9480A5222D32714195258B677DAD">Huber, Bernhard A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4811D2E3391404852E1D96C317ED3493">Meng, Guanliang</mods:namePart>
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Genus 
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<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA770B4FEBDFEE0FEA8" bold="true" box="[238,324,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Ninetis</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA3FFA770CDFEF6FE34FE6A" ID-CoL="647M" authority="Simon, 1890: 95" authorityName="Simon" authorityPageNumber="95" authorityYear="1890" box="[151,400,363,388]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA770CDFEF6FF7BFE6A" box="[151,223,364,387]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Ninetis</emphasis>
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species: 
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA3FFA770CDFE10FE57FE4B" authority="Berland, 1920: 349" authorityName="Berland" authorityPageNumber="349" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,499,394,418]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Myrmidonella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA770CDFE10FE83FE4B" box="[151,295,394,418]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Myrmidonella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFA3FFA77177FE10FE57FE4B" author="Berland, L." box="[301,499,394,418]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" pagination="347 - 350" refId="ref18084" refString="Berland, L. (1920) Diagnoses preliminaires d'araignees d'Afrique orientale. Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel (1 re note). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 24, 347 - 350. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 1919.26518" type="journal article" year="1920">Berland, 1920: 349</bibRefCitation>
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species: 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFA3FFA77332FE10FC5FFE4B" author="Berland, L." box="[872,1019,394,418]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" pagination="347 - 350" refId="ref18084" refString="Berland, L. (1920) Diagnoses preliminaires d'araignees d'Afrique orientale. Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel (1 re note). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 24, 347 - 350. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 1919.26518" type="journal article" year="1920">Berland, 1920</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA3FFA770CDFE30FF7BFE28" ID-CoL="647M" authority="Simon, 1890: 95" authorityName="Simon" authorityPageNumber="95" authorityYear="1890" box="[151,223,426,449]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA770CDFE30FF7BFE28" box="[151,223,426,449]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Ninetis</emphasis>
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— 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9110EEFFA3FFA770A3FE33FE0EFE28" author="Simon, E." box="[249,426,425,449]" page="486" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" year="1893">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFA3FFA770A3FE33FE0EFE28" author="Simon, E." box="[249,426,425,449]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" pagination="256 - 488" refId="ref20205" refString="Simon, E. (1893) Histoire naturelle des araignees. Deuxieme Edition. Tome Premier. Roret, Paris, 232 pp [pp. 256 - 488]" type="book chapter" year="1893">Simon 1893: 486</bibRefCitation>
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. 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFA3FFA771EEFE33FDF1FE28" author="Huber, B. A." box="[436,597,425,449]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref18682" refString="Huber, B. A. (2000) New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 254, 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2000) 254 &lt;0001: NWPSAP&gt; 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber 2000: 80</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA770CDFE75FEB6FDE0" bold="true" box="[151,274,495,521]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Tiny (body length ~ 
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), short-legged, eight-eyed pholcids with globular abdomen (
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA7751DFE75FA2AFDE0" box="[1351,1422,495,521]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,199,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-25@7.[151,1436,181,1820]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ninetis Simon, live specimens. A, B. Ninetis subtilissima Simon, male from Oman, Wadi Ghul and female with embryos from Oman, Wadi Shab. C, D. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov., male from Saudi Arabia, NW of Al Fatiha, female from Saudi Arabia, S of Habeel. E, F. Ninetis samail Huber sp. nov., male and female from Oman, near Samail. G, H. Ninetis marnif Huber sp. nov., male and female with eggs from Oman, near Marnif. Scale line: 1 mm (all at same scale). Photos BAH." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596055/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Most known species (except 
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<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA771B9FD8EFDF4FDC4" box="[483,592,531,557]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">N. samail</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775796FFA3FFA77202FD89FD17FDC4" box="[600,691,531,557]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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) with distinctive configuration of male genital bulb, with slender ventral process and partly membranous dorsal process, the latter carrying sperm duct (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA774CAFDADFB41FDBB" box="[1168,1253,567,594]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1887,1911]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,181,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-25@11.[151,1436,181,1863]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ninetis subtilissima Simon, 1890; male from Oman, Wadi Tiwi; ZFMK Ar 24405. A–C. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. D–F. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. G–I. Chelicerae, frontal, lateral, and distal views. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal process; vp, ventral process. Scale lines: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596063/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Figs 7F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA774AAFDADFABBFDB8" box="[1264,1311,567,593]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-17@20.[151,1436,181,1813]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 14. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; male paratype from Saudi Arabia, NE of Wadi ‘Amoud; ZFMK Ar 24407. A– C. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. D–F. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views; thick arrows point at distinctive flattened dorsal sclerite. G–I. Chelicerae, frontal, lateral, and distal views. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal process; vp, ventral process. Scale lines: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596077/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">14F</figureCitation>
). This bulb morphology is otherwise only found in 
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<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA77211FDC6FD0CFD9C" box="[587,680,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Magana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFA3FFA772F4FDC1FC9FFD9C" author="Huber, B. A. &amp; Carvalho, L. S." box="[686,827,603,629]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref18799" refString="Huber, B. A. &amp; Carvalho, L. S. (2019) Filling the gaps: descriptions of unnamed species included in the latest molecular phylogeny of Pholcidae (Araneae). Zootaxa, 4546 (1), 1 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4546.1.1" type="journal article" year="2019">Huber, 2019</bibRefCitation>
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, which is distinguished by its unique curved procursus, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA3FFA7709CFDE5FE12FD70" authority="Huber, 2000" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[198,438,639,665]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Nerudia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA7709CFDE5FE86FD70" box="[198,290,639,665]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Nerudia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFA3FFA77173FDE5FE12FD70" author="Huber, B. A." box="[297,438,639,665]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref18682" refString="Huber, B. A. (2000) New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 254, 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2000) 254 &lt;0001: NWPSAP&gt; 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber, 2000</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which is distinguished by longer legs (male tibia 1: 1.1–2.5, versus 
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA3FFA7751FFD1AFA30FD70" box="[1349,1428,640,665]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA7751FFD1AFA30FD70" box="[1349,1428,640,665]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Ninetis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; tibia 1 L/d: 14–31, versus 
<quantity id="4CC89B1AFFA3FFA771E2FD39FDAFFD54" box="[440,523,675,702]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.921" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="2.032" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" unit="in" value="11.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="8.0">8–15 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA3FFA7724BFD3EFDC4FD54" box="[529,608,676,701]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA7724BFD3EFDC4FD54" box="[529,608,676,701]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Ninetis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Females of most species (except 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA3FFA773B8FD3EFBF4FD54" authorityName="Berland" authorityYear="1920" box="[994,1104,676,701]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Myrmidonella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA773B8FD3EFBF4FD54" box="[994,1104,676,701]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">N. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA3FFA77407FD3EFB63FD54" authorityName="Huber &amp; Meng" authorityYear="2025" box="[1117,1223,675,701]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marnif" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA77407FD3EFB63FD54" box="[1117,1223,675,701]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">N. marnif</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA77497FD39FA81FD54" bold="true" box="[1229,1317,675,701]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775796FFA3FFA77497FD39FA81FD54" box="[1229,1317,675,701]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA3FFA77568FD3EFA39FD54" authorityName="Huber &amp; Meng" authorityYear="2025" box="[1330,1437,675,701]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samail" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA77568FD3EFA39FD54" box="[1330,1437,675,701]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">N. samail</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA770CDFD5DFF55FD08" bold="true" box="[151,241,711,737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775796FFA3FFA770CDFD5DFF55FD08" box="[151,241,711,737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
) with median epigynal pocket (
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA77209FD5DFD1CFD08" box="[595,696,711,737]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[151,1436,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ninetis subtilissima Simon, 1890; from Oman, Wadi Tiwi (ZFMK Ar 24405). A, B. Male and female prosomata, dorsal views. C, D. Male and female chelicerae, oblique frontal views. E. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. F. Epigynum, ventral view; arrow points at process with pocket. G, H. Left female spinnerets and right female ALS. Abbreviations: aep, anterior epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale lines: 100 µm (A, B, F), 20 µm (C, D), 10 µm (E, G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596069/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Figs 10F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA77299FD5DFD57FD0B" box="[707,755,711,738]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1605,1629]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1582]" captionTargetId="figure-25@21.[151,1436,181,1582]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 15. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; female paratype from Saudi Arabia, NE of Wadi ‘Amoud (A–C, J; ZFMK Ar 24407), female from Saudi Arabia, N of Al Makhwah (D–F, K; ZFMK Ar 24413), and female from Saudi Arabia, NE of Ghran (G–I; ZFMK Ar 24418). A, D, G. Epigyna, ventral views. B–C, E–F, H–I. Cleared genitalia, ventral and dorsal views; arrow in E points at epigynal pocket. J–K. Internal transversal sclerites at higher magnifications. Scale lines: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596079/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">15E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA772A4FD5DFC89FD08" box="[766,813,711,737]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetId="figure-17@22.[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; from Saudi Arabia, E of Muhayil (D, G, H; ZFMK Ar 24411) and SW of Mecca (A–C, E, F; ZFMK Ar 24416). A. Female prosoma, frontal view. B. Female chelicerae, oblique frontal view. C. Female left cheliceral fang, distal view. D. Male left chelicera, oblique frontal view. E. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. F. Epigynum, ventral view; arrow points at epigynal pocket. G. Left female ALS and PMS. H. Right female ALS. Scale lines: 100 µm (A), 10 µm (B–E, G, H), 30 µm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596081/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">16F</figureCitation>
; see also fig. 
<quantity id="4CC89B1AFFA3FFA77399FD5DFBAEFD08" box="[963,1034,711,737]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.407399999999999" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" unit="in" value="331.0">331 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFA3FFA7744BFD5DFB3EFD08" author="Huber, B. A." box="[1041,1178,711,737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref18682" refString="Huber, B. A. (2000) New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 254, 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2000) 254 &lt;0001: NWPSAP&gt; 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber 2000</bibRefCitation>
; fig. 
<quantity id="4CC89B1AFFA3FFA7748BFD5DFAADFD08" box="[1233,1289,711,737]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" unit="in" value="11.0">11 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFA3FFA7754AFD5DFA3CFD08" author="Huber, BA" box="[1296,1432,711,737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref18748" refString="Huber, BA. (2002) Ninetis russellsmithi n. sp., an unusual new pholcid spider species from Malawi (Araneae: Pholcidae). Journal of Insect Science, 2.4, 1 - 3. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jis / 2.1.4" type="book chapter" year="2002">Huber 2002</bibRefCitation>
; fig. 
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Huber &amp; El-Hennawy 2007); such pockets are otherwise not known in 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA3FFA7747BFD71FB36FCEC" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[1057,1170,747,773]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ninetinae">Ninetinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36FFFFA3FFA7709DFC95FD3AFC9B" blockId="6.[151,1437,495,1962]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA7709DFC95FEA2FCC0" bold="true" box="[199,262,783,809]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Note.</emphasis>
In a previous diagnosis of 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA3FFA7721BFC8AFCC5FCC0" authority="(Huber 2000: 81)" baseAuthorityName="Huber" baseAuthorityPageNumber="81" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[577,865,783,809]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA7721BFC8AFD34FCC0" box="[577,656,784,809]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Ninetis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFA3FFA772FAFC95FCFCFCC0" author="Huber, B. A." box="[672,856,783,809]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref18682" refString="Huber, B. A. (2000) New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 254, 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2000) 254 &lt;0001: NWPSAP&gt; 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber 2000: 81</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, the genus was thought to differ from 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA3FFA77546FC95FADCFCC0" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[1308,1400,783,809]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Nerudia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA77546FC95FADCFCC0" box="[1308,1400,783,809]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Nerudia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of stridulatory files on the male chelicerae. This is not the case. In both genera, males of most if not all species have stridulatory files; females do not.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6574FFA3FFAB709DFCE1FE3EFC04" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="300" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8F36FFFFA3FFA7709DFCE1FEF5FC7C" blockId="6.[151,1437,495,1962]" box="[199,337,891,917]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA7709DFCE1FEF5FC7C" bold="true" box="[199,337,891,917]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36FFFFA3FFA7709DFC05FEA5FC50" blockId="6.[151,1437,495,1962]" box="[199,257,927,953]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Male</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36FFFFA3FFA7709DFC59FD68FBCF" blockId="6.[151,1437,495,1962]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">MEASUREMENTS. Total body length ~0.9–1.3. Carapace width 0.38–0.56. Diameter PME 35–50 µm; diameter AME 15–30 µm. Tibia 1 length 0.40–0.84. Tibia 1 L/d: 8–15. Leg formula 4123. Diameters of leg femora (at half length) 80–90 µm, of leg tibiae 50–55 µm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36FFFFA3FFA7709DFBB5FAECFB84" blockId="6.[151,1437,495,1962]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs pale ochre-yellow to light brown, carapace without pattern, legs without darker rings; abdomen ochre-grey to light brown, monochromous or with indistinct internal marks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36FFFFA3FFA7709DFBEDFAFAFA64" blockId="6.[151,1437,495,1962]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">
BODY. Ocular area not or barely raised. Carapace without thoracic groove (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA77405FBEDFB4CFB7B" box="[1119,1256,1143,1170]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[151,1436,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ninetis subtilissima Simon, 1890; from Oman, Wadi Tiwi (ZFMK Ar 24405). A, B. Male and female prosomata, dorsal views. C, D. Male and female chelicerae, oblique frontal views. E. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. F. Epigynum, ventral view; arrow points at process with pocket. G, H. Left female spinnerets and right female ALS. Abbreviations: aep, anterior epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale lines: 100 µm (A, B, F), 20 µm (C, D), 10 µm (E, G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596069/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Fig. 10A, B</figureCitation>
; see also 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFA3FFA7750CFBEDFF77FB5C" author="Huber, B. A." pageId="6" pageNumber="296" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref18682" refString="Huber, B. A. (2000) New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 254, 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2000) 254 &lt;0001: NWPSAP&gt; 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber 2000</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 4). Clypeus either unmodified or rim more sclerotized than in female. Sternum approximately as wide as long, with or without pair of anterior humps near coxae 1 (
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA7730AFB25FC1CFB30" box="[848,952,1215,1241]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-25@31.[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 24. Ninetis samail Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, near Samail (B, C, E, G; ZFMK Ar 24419) and near Al Hoota cave (A, D, F, H; ZFMK Om109). A. Female prosoma, frontal view. B. Male prosoma, frontal-ventral view, showing sternum humps (arrows). C. Stridulatory file on left male chelicera. D. Left female chelicera, frontal-lateral view. E. Male gonopore. F. Female abdomen and epigynum, ventral view. G. Left male ALS. H. Right female ALS and PMS. Abbreviations: aep, anterior epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale lines: 100 µm (A, B, F), 10 µm (C, E, G, H), 20 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596100/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Fig. 24B</figureCitation>
). Abdomen globular. Gonopore either with four epiandrous spigots arranged in two pairs (
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA3FFA772E9FB7EFCF8FB14" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[691,860,1251,1277]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subtilissima">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA772E9FB7EFCF8FB14" box="[691,860,1251,1277]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">N. subtilissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA3FFA77336FB7EFC53FB14" box="[876,1015,1251,1277]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Nerudia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namibiae">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA77336FB7EFC53FB14" box="[876,1015,1251,1277]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">N. namibiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA3FFA7745DFB7EFBD2FB14" box="[1031,1142,1251,1277]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Nerudia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toliara">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA7745DFB7EFBD2FB14" box="[1031,1142,1251,1277]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">N. toliara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA3FFA774DDFB7EFB52FB14" authorityName="Huber &amp; Meng" authorityYear="2025" box="[1159,1270,1251,1277]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoud" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA774DDFB7EFB52FB14" box="[1159,1270,1251,1277]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">N. amoud</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA774A5FB79FAFFFB14" bold="true" box="[1279,1371,1251,1277]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775796FFA3FFA774A5FB79FAFFFB14" box="[1279,1371,1251,1277]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA77536FB79FF63FAC8" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[151,1436,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ninetis subtilissima Simon, 1890; from Oman, Wadi Tiwi (ZFMK Ar 24405). A, B. Male and female prosomata, dorsal views. C, D. Male and female chelicerae, oblique frontal views. E. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. F. Epigynum, ventral view; arrow points at process with pocket. G, H. Left female spinnerets and right female ALS. Abbreviations: aep, anterior epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale lines: 100 µm (A, B, F), 20 µm (C, D), 10 µm (E, G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596069/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Figs 10E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA77088FA9DFEA6FAC8" box="[210,258,1287,1313]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetId="figure-17@22.[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; from Saudi Arabia, E of Muhayil (D, G, H; ZFMK Ar 24411) and SW of Mecca (A–C, E, F; ZFMK Ar 24416). A. Female prosoma, frontal view. B. Female chelicerae, oblique frontal view. C. Female left cheliceral fang, distal view. D. Male left chelicera, oblique frontal view. E. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. F. Epigynum, ventral view; arrow points at epigynal pocket. G. Left female ALS and PMS. H. Right female ALS. Scale lines: 100 µm (A), 10 µm (B–E, G, H), 30 µm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596081/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">16E</figureCitation>
; see also 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFA3FFA77130FA9DFE57FAC8" author="Huber, B. A." box="[362,499,1287,1313]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref18682" refString="Huber, B. A. (2000) New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 254, 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2000) 254 &lt;0001: NWPSAP&gt; 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber 2000</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 125) or without epiandrous spigots (
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA3FFA773E7FA92FB8CFAC8" authorityName="Huber &amp; Meng" authorityYear="2025" box="[957,1064,1287,1313]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samail" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA773E7FA92FB8CFAC8" box="[957,1064,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">N. samail</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA77474FA9DFB23FAC8" bold="true" box="[1070,1159,1287,1313]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775796FFA3FFA77474FA9DFB23FAC8" box="[1070,1159,1287,1313]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA3FFA774CEFA92FB5BFAC8" authorityName="Huber &amp; Meng" authorityYear="2025" box="[1172,1279,1287,1313]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marnif" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA774CEFA92FB5BFAC8" box="[1172,1279,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">N. marnif</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA7755FFA9DFAFAFAC8" bold="true" box="[1285,1374,1287,1313]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775796FFA3FFA7755FFA9DFAFAFAC8" box="[1285,1374,1287,1313]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA77536FA9DFF63FAAC" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-25@31.[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 24. Ninetis samail Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, near Samail (B, C, E, G; ZFMK Ar 24419) and near Al Hoota cave (A, D, F, H; ZFMK Om109). A. Female prosoma, frontal view. B. Male prosoma, frontal-ventral view, showing sternum humps (arrows). C. Stridulatory file on left male chelicera. D. Left female chelicera, frontal-lateral view. E. Male gonopore. F. Female abdomen and epigynum, ventral view. G. Left male ALS. H. Right female ALS and PMS. Abbreviations: aep, anterior epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale lines: 100 µm (A, B, F), 10 µm (C, E, G, H), 20 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596100/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Figs 24E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA7708BFAB1FEA4FAAC" box="[209,256,1323,1349]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-17@38.[151,1436,181,1803]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 31. Ninetis marnif Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, Wadi Shalyon (C–E, G: ZFMK Ar 24426; A, B, F, H: ZFMK Om149). A. Female prosoma, frontal view. B. Left female chelicera, lateral view. C. Left male chelicera, lateral view. D. Stridulatory file on right male chelicera. E. Male gonopore. F. Epigynum, ventral view. G. Left male ALS. H. Left female ALS and PMS. Abbreviations: aep, anterior epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale lines: 100 µm (A), 10 µm (B–E), 20 µm (F), 2 µm (G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596116/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">31E</figureCitation>
) (in other species not examined). ALS with one strongly widened spigot, one long pointed spigot, and five cylindrical spigots, of which one is much wider than the others (cf. 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA773D1FAD5FBB3FA83" box="[907,1047,1359,1386]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[151,1436,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ninetis subtilissima Simon, 1890; from Oman, Wadi Tiwi (ZFMK Ar 24405). A, B. Male and female prosomata, dorsal views. C, D. Male and female chelicerae, oblique frontal views. E. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. F. Epigynum, ventral view; arrow points at process with pocket. G, H. Left female spinnerets and right female ALS. Abbreviations: aep, anterior epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale lines: 100 µm (A, B, F), 20 µm (C, D), 10 µm (E, G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596069/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Figs 10G, H</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA77478FAD5FBD3FA83" box="[1058,1143,1359,1386]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetId="figure-17@22.[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; from Saudi Arabia, E of Muhayil (D, G, H; ZFMK Ar 24411) and SW of Mecca (A–C, E, F; ZFMK Ar 24416). A. Female prosoma, frontal view. B. Female chelicerae, oblique frontal view. C. Female left cheliceral fang, distal view. D. Male left chelicera, oblique frontal view. E. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. F. Epigynum, ventral view; arrow points at epigynal pocket. G. Left female ALS and PMS. H. Right female ALS. Scale lines: 100 µm (A), 10 µm (B–E, G, H), 30 µm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596081/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">16G, H</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA774D9FAD5FB7CFA83" box="[1155,1240,1359,1386]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-25@31.[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 24. Ninetis samail Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, near Samail (B, C, E, G; ZFMK Ar 24419) and near Al Hoota cave (A, D, F, H; ZFMK Om109). A. Female prosoma, frontal view. B. Male prosoma, frontal-ventral view, showing sternum humps (arrows). C. Stridulatory file on left male chelicera. D. Left female chelicera, frontal-lateral view. E. Male gonopore. F. Female abdomen and epigynum, ventral view. G. Left male ALS. H. Right female ALS and PMS. Abbreviations: aep, anterior epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale lines: 100 µm (A, B, F), 10 µm (C, E, G, H), 20 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596100/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">24G, H</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA774B9FAD5FA9CFA83" box="[1251,1336,1359,1386]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-17@38.[151,1436,181,1803]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 31. Ninetis marnif Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, Wadi Shalyon (C–E, G: ZFMK Ar 24426; A, B, F, H: ZFMK Om149). A. Female prosoma, frontal view. B. Left female chelicera, lateral view. C. Left male chelicera, lateral view. D. Stridulatory file on right male chelicera. E. Male gonopore. F. Epigynum, ventral view. G. Left male ALS. H. Left female ALS and PMS. Abbreviations: aep, anterior epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale lines: 100 µm (A), 10 µm (B–E), 20 µm (F), 2 µm (G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596116/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">31G, H</figureCitation>
; see also 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFA3FFA770CDFAE9FE84FA64" author="Huber, B. A." box="[151,288,1395,1421]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref18682" refString="Huber, B. A. (2000) New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 254, 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2000) 254 &lt;0001: NWPSAP&gt; 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber 2000</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 152); PMS with two conical spigots (
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA772A3FAE9FCC0FA64" box="[761,868,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[151,1436,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ninetis subtilissima Simon, 1890; from Oman, Wadi Tiwi (ZFMK Ar 24405). A, B. Male and female prosomata, dorsal views. C, D. Male and female chelicerae, oblique frontal views. E. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. F. Epigynum, ventral view; arrow points at process with pocket. G, H. Left female spinnerets and right female ALS. Abbreviations: aep, anterior epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale lines: 100 µm (A, B, F), 20 µm (C, D), 10 µm (E, G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596069/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Figs 10G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA7732AFAE9FC06FA64" box="[880,930,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetId="figure-17@22.[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; from Saudi Arabia, E of Muhayil (D, G, H; ZFMK Ar 24411) and SW of Mecca (A–C, E, F; ZFMK Ar 24416). A. Female prosoma, frontal view. B. Female chelicerae, oblique frontal view. C. Female left cheliceral fang, distal view. D. Male left chelicera, oblique frontal view. E. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. F. Epigynum, ventral view; arrow points at epigynal pocket. G. Left female ALS and PMS. H. Right female ALS. Scale lines: 100 µm (A), 10 µm (B–E, G, H), 30 µm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596081/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">16G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA773F4FAE9FC47FA64" box="[942,995,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-25@31.[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 24. Ninetis samail Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, near Samail (B, C, E, G; ZFMK Ar 24419) and near Al Hoota cave (A, D, F, H; ZFMK Om109). A. Female prosoma, frontal view. B. Male prosoma, frontal-ventral view, showing sternum humps (arrows). C. Stridulatory file on left male chelicera. D. Left female chelicera, frontal-lateral view. E. Male gonopore. F. Female abdomen and epigynum, ventral view. G. Left male ALS. H. Right female ALS and PMS. Abbreviations: aep, anterior epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale lines: 100 µm (A, B, F), 10 µm (C, E, G, H), 20 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596100/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">24H</figureCitation>
); PLS without spigots (
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA774B3FAE9FAF6FA64" box="[1257,1362,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[151,1436,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ninetis subtilissima Simon, 1890; from Oman, Wadi Tiwi (ZFMK Ar 24405). A, B. Male and female prosomata, dorsal views. C, D. Male and female chelicerae, oblique frontal views. E. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. F. Epigynum, ventral view; arrow points at process with pocket. G, H. Left female spinnerets and right female ALS. Abbreviations: aep, anterior epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale lines: 100 µm (A, B, F), 20 µm (C, D), 10 µm (E, G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596069/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Fig. 10G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36FFFFA3FFA7709DFA0DFADBF9F4" blockId="6.[151,1437,495,1962]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">
CHELICERAE. Chelicerae usually with pair of frontal apophyses (
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA77398FA0DFB9CFA58" box="[962,1080,1431,1457]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1887,1911]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,181,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-25@11.[151,1436,181,1863]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ninetis subtilissima Simon, 1890; male from Oman, Wadi Tiwi; ZFMK Ar 24405. A–C. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. D–F. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. G–I. Chelicerae, frontal, lateral, and distal views. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal process; vp, ventral process. Scale lines: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596063/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Figs 7G–I</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA7741FFA0DFB2AFA58" box="[1093,1166,1431,1457]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-17@20.[151,1436,181,1813]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 14. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; male paratype from Saudi Arabia, NE of Wadi ‘Amoud; ZFMK Ar 24407. A– C. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. D–F. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views; thick arrows point at distinctive flattened dorsal sclerite. G–I. Chelicerae, frontal, lateral, and distal views. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal process; vp, ventral process. Scale lines: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596077/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">14G–I</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA774C1FA0DFB4CFA58" box="[1179,1256,1431,1457]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox="[156,1426,181,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-25@29.[151,1436,181,1779]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 22. Ninetis samail Huber sp. nov.; male from Oman, near Samail; ZFMK Ar 24420. A–C. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views; arrow points at distinctive spine. D–G. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, retrolateral, and ventral views; arrow in D points at prolateral sclerite that is straight rather than curved towards ventral in male from between Al Rawda and Al Hayema. H–J. Chelicerae, frontal, lateral, and distal views. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal process; vp, ventral process. Scale lines: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596096/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">22H–J</figureCitation>
), absent only in 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA3FFA770CDFA26FEA7FA3C" authorityName="Huber &amp; Meng" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,259,1467,1493]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marnif" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA770CDFA26FEA7FA3C" box="[151,259,1467,1493]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">N. marnif</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA77150FA21FEC7FA3C" bold="true" box="[266,355,1467,1493]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775796FFA3FFA77150FA21FEC7FA3C" box="[266,355,1467,1493]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA77128FA21FE57FA3C" box="[370,499,1467,1493]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,181,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-17@36.[151,1436,181,1848]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 29. Ninetis marnif Huber sp. nov.; male from Oman, W of Al Marnif; ZFMK Ar 24424. A–C. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. D–F. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. G–I. Chelicerae, frontal, lateral, and distal views. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal process; vp, ventral process. Scale lines: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596110/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Fig. 29G–I</figureCitation>
); usually with stridulatory files (
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA77304FA21FC6CFA3C" box="[862,968,1467,1493]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[151,1436,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ninetis subtilissima Simon, 1890; from Oman, Wadi Tiwi (ZFMK Ar 24405). A, B. Male and female prosomata, dorsal views. C, D. Male and female chelicerae, oblique frontal views. E. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. F. Epigynum, ventral view; arrow points at process with pocket. G, H. Left female spinnerets and right female ALS. Abbreviations: aep, anterior epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale lines: 100 µm (A, B, F), 20 µm (C, D), 10 µm (E, G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596069/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Figs 10C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA7738EFA21FBA2FA3C" box="[980,1030,1467,1493]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetId="figure-17@22.[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; from Saudi Arabia, E of Muhayil (D, G, H; ZFMK Ar 24411) and SW of Mecca (A–C, E, F; ZFMK Ar 24416). A. Female prosoma, frontal view. B. Female chelicerae, oblique frontal view. C. Female left cheliceral fang, distal view. D. Male left chelicera, oblique frontal view. E. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. F. Epigynum, ventral view; arrow points at epigynal pocket. G. Left female ALS and PMS. H. Right female ALS. Scale lines: 100 µm (A), 10 µm (B–E, G, H), 30 µm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596081/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">16D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA77448FA21FBE7FA3C" box="[1042,1091,1467,1493]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-25@31.[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 24. Ninetis samail Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, near Samail (B, C, E, G; ZFMK Ar 24419) and near Al Hoota cave (A, D, F, H; ZFMK Om109). A. Female prosoma, frontal view. B. Male prosoma, frontal-ventral view, showing sternum humps (arrows). C. Stridulatory file on left male chelicera. D. Left female chelicera, frontal-lateral view. E. Male gonopore. F. Female abdomen and epigynum, ventral view. G. Left male ALS. H. Right female ALS and PMS. Abbreviations: aep, anterior epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale lines: 100 µm (A, B, F), 10 µm (C, E, G, H), 20 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596100/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">24C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA77415FA21FB05FA3C" box="[1103,1185,1467,1493]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-17@38.[151,1436,181,1803]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 31. Ninetis marnif Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, Wadi Shalyon (C–E, G: ZFMK Ar 24426; A, B, F, H: ZFMK Om149). A. Female prosoma, frontal view. B. Left female chelicera, lateral view. C. Left male chelicera, lateral view. D. Stridulatory file on right male chelicera. E. Male gonopore. F. Epigynum, ventral view. G. Left male ALS. H. Left female ALS and PMS. Abbreviations: aep, anterior epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale lines: 100 µm (A), 10 µm (B–E), 20 µm (F), 2 µm (G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596116/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">31C, D</figureCitation>
) consisting of ~15–35 ridges, distances between ridges usually 1–2 µm, in 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA3FFA772ACFA7AFCC1FA10" authorityName="Huber &amp; Meng" authorityYear="2025" box="[758,869,1503,1529]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samail" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA772ACFA7AFCC1FA10" box="[758,869,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">N. samail</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA77334FA45FC6EFA10" bold="true" box="[878,970,1503,1529]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775796FFA3FFA77334FA45FC6EFA10" box="[878,970,1503,1529]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
wider (3 µm). In some species possibly without stridulatory ridges (
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA3FFA7718BF99EFD9BF9F4" authorityName="Berland" authorityYear="1920" box="[465,575,1540,1565]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Myrmidonella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA7718BF99EFD9BF9F4" box="[465,575,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">N. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA3FFA77217F99EFD72F9F4" box="[589,726,1539,1565]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Nerudia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namibiae">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA77217F99EFD72F9F4" box="[589,726,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">N. namibiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; not examined with SEM). Fangs unmodified (cf. 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA77556F999FAD6F9F4" box="[1292,1394,1539,1565]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetId="figure-17@22.[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; from Saudi Arabia, E of Muhayil (D, G, H; ZFMK Ar 24411) and SW of Mecca (A–C, E, F; ZFMK Ar 24416). A. Female prosoma, frontal view. B. Female chelicerae, oblique frontal view. C. Female left cheliceral fang, distal view. D. Male left chelicera, oblique frontal view. E. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. F. Epigynum, ventral view; arrow points at epigynal pocket. G. Left female ALS and PMS. H. Right female ALS. Scale lines: 100 µm (A), 10 µm (B–E, G, H), 30 µm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596081/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Fig. 16C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36FFFFA3FFA7709DF9BDFCBCF840" blockId="6.[151,1437,495,1962]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">
PALPS. Palpal coxa unmodified. Trochanter without process or with short ventral protrusion. Femur in species with stridulatory ridges with prolateral stridulatory pick proximally (modified hair; 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA77430F9D1FB76F98C" box="[1130,1234,1611,1637]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1536,1560]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-25@23.[151,1436,181,1513]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 17. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; from Saudi Arabia, E of Muhayil (E, F; ZFMK Ar 24411) and SW of Mecca (A–D; ZFMK Ar 24416). A, B. Left male palp, retrolateral and retrolateral-dorsal views; thick arrow points at distinctive flattened dorsal sclerite. C, D. Right male palp, prolateral and prolateral-dorsal views. E. Stridulatory pick on left male palpal femur. F. Male palpal tarsal organ (arrow) and neighboring slit sensillum and mechanoreceptive hairs. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal process; pr, procursus; vp, ventral process. Scale lines: 100 µm (A–D), 2 µm (E), 10 µm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596083/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Fig. 17E</figureCitation>
), distally slightly widened but usually without modification, only in 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA3FFA77297F9EAFC9DF960" authorityName="Huber &amp; Meng" authorityYear="2025" box="[717,825,1647,1673]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoud" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA77297F9EAFC9DF960" box="[717,825,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">N. amoud</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA7731AF9F5FC3EF960" bold="true" box="[832,922,1647,1673]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775796FFA3FFA7731AF9F5FC3EF960" box="[832,922,1647,1673]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
with ventral tubercles (
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA774FBF9F5FB53F960" box="[1185,1271,1647,1673]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="19.[151,250,959,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,935]" captionTargetId="figure-25@19.[151,1436,181,935]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 13. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; male paratype from Saudi Arabia, NE of Wadi ‘Amoud; ZFMK Ar 24407. Left male palp in prolateral (A), dorsal (B), and retrolateral (C) views. Scale line: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596075/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Figs 13</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA77559F9F5FA9CF960" box="[1283,1336,1647,1673]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1536,1560]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-25@23.[151,1436,181,1513]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 17. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; from Saudi Arabia, E of Muhayil (E, F; ZFMK Ar 24411) and SW of Mecca (A–D; ZFMK Ar 24416). A, B. Left male palp, retrolateral and retrolateral-dorsal views; thick arrow points at distinctive flattened dorsal sclerite. C, D. Right male palp, prolateral and prolateral-dorsal views. E. Stridulatory pick on left male palpal femur. F. Male palpal tarsal organ (arrow) and neighboring slit sensillum and mechanoreceptive hairs. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal process; pr, procursus; vp, ventral process. Scale lines: 100 µm (A–D), 2 µm (E), 10 µm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596083/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">17A</figureCitation>
). Femur-patella joints variably shifted towards prolateral side. Tibia roundish to oval, with two trichobothria. Tibia-tarsus joints variably shifted towards retrolateral side. Palpal tarsus with row of strong dorsal hairs (
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA774F5F92DFAB6F938" box="[1199,1298,1719,1745]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1536,1560]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-25@23.[151,1436,181,1513]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 17. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; from Saudi Arabia, E of Muhayil (E, F; ZFMK Ar 24411) and SW of Mecca (A–D; ZFMK Ar 24416). A, B. Left male palp, retrolateral and retrolateral-dorsal views; thick arrow points at distinctive flattened dorsal sclerite. C, D. Right male palp, prolateral and prolateral-dorsal views. E. Stridulatory pick on left male palpal femur. F. Male palpal tarsal organ (arrow) and neighboring slit sensillum and mechanoreceptive hairs. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal process; pr, procursus; vp, ventral process. Scale lines: 100 µm (A–D), 2 µm (E), 10 µm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596083/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Fig. 17F</figureCitation>
), with tarsal organ weakly to strongly raised (
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA7724DF941FD26F91C" box="[535,642,1755,1781]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ninetis subtilissima Simon, 1890; from Oman, Wadi Tiwi (ZFMK Ar 24405). A, B. Right male palp, retrolateral and retrolateral-dorsal views. C, D. Left male palp, prolateral and prolateral-dorsal views. E. Left male palpal tarsal organ (arrow). F. Female left femur 3, retrolateral-ventral view, showing cuticular plates (arrows). G. Male right metatarsus 2, dorsal view, showing rimmed pore (arrow). H. Trichobothrium on female right metatarsus 4. Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; dp, dorsal process; pr, procursus; vp, ventral process. Scale lines: 100 µm (A–D), 10 µm (E, F, H), 2 µm (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596071/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Figs 11E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA772CBF941FD19F91C" box="[657,701,1755,1781]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1536,1560]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-25@23.[151,1436,181,1513]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 17. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; from Saudi Arabia, E of Muhayil (E, F; ZFMK Ar 24411) and SW of Mecca (A–D; ZFMK Ar 24416). A, B. Left male palp, retrolateral and retrolateral-dorsal views; thick arrow points at distinctive flattened dorsal sclerite. C, D. Right male palp, prolateral and prolateral-dorsal views. E. Stridulatory pick on left male palpal femur. F. Male palpal tarsal organ (arrow) and neighboring slit sensillum and mechanoreceptive hairs. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal process; pr, procursus; vp, ventral process. Scale lines: 100 µm (A–D), 2 µm (E), 10 µm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596083/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">17F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA77296F941FD58F91F" box="[716,764,1755,1782]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1558,1582]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1535]" captionTargetId="figure-17@32.[151,1436,181,1535]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 25. Ninetis samail Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, near Samail (ZFMK Ar 24419). A, B. Left male palp retrolateral and retrolateral-dorsal views; thick arrow points at distinctive spine. C, D. Right male palp, prolateral and prolateral-dorsal views. E. Left male palpal tarsal organ (arrow). F. Toothed sclerite on dorsal bulbal process, left palp. Abbreviation: pr, procursus. Scale lines: 100 µm (A–D), 10 µm (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596102/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">25E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA77350F941FC99F91C" box="[778,829,1755,1781]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1726,1750]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-25@39.[151,1436,181,1702]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 32. Ninetis marnif Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, Wadi Shalyon (A–C, E: ZFMK Ar 24426; D, F–H: ZFMK Om149). A. Right male palp, retrolateral-dorsal view. B. Left male palp, prolateral-dorsal view. C. Tarsal organ (arrow) and neighboring sensilla on right male palp. D. Tip of right female palp, dorsal view; arrow points at tarsal organ. E. Sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs and trichobothrium base on left male tibia 1, retrolateral-dorsal view. F. Thin metatarsal hairs (thick arrows) and trichobothrium on left female metatarsus 4, retrolateral-ventral view. G. Thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on right female metatarsus 3, prolateral-ventral view. H. Tip of thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on left female metatarsus 4, retrolateral-ventral view. Abbreviation: t, trichobothrium. Scale lines: 20 µm (A, B, F), 10 µm (C–E, G), 2 µm (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596120/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">32C</figureCitation>
), diameter 4.6–6.7 µm, diameter of opening 0.8–1.1 µm. Procursus simple, in 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA3FFA771E6F89AFD8DF8F0" authorityName="Huber &amp; Meng" authorityYear="2025" box="[444,553,1791,1817]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samail" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA771E6F89AFD8DF8F0" box="[444,553,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">N. samail</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA7726BF965FD28F8F0" bold="true" box="[561,652,1791,1817]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775796FFA3FFA7726BF965FD28F8F0" box="[561,652,1791,1817]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
with unique strong spine (arrow in 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA7747DF965FB2BF8F0" box="[1063,1167,1791,1817]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox="[156,1426,181,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-25@29.[151,1436,181,1779]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 22. Ninetis samail Huber sp. nov.; male from Oman, near Samail; ZFMK Ar 24420. A–C. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views; arrow points at distinctive spine. D–G. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, retrolateral, and ventral views; arrow in D points at prolateral sclerite that is straight rather than curved towards ventral in male from between Al Rawda and Al Hayema. H–J. Chelicerae, frontal, lateral, and distal views. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal process; vp, ventral process. Scale lines: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596096/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Fig. 22C</figureCitation>
). Genital bulb with two processes: relatively complex dorsal process consisting of membranous and sclerotized elements, presumably carrying sperm duct (confirmed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA3FFA7727EF8D2FD30F888" authorityName="Berland" authorityYear="1920" box="[548,660,1864,1889]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Myrmidonella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA7727EF8D2FD30F888" box="[548,660,1864,1889]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">N. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFA3FFA772FEF8DDFC89F888" author="Huber, B. A." box="[676,813,1863,1889]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref18682" refString="Huber, B. A. (2000) New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 254, 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2000) 254 &lt;0001: NWPSAP&gt; 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber 2000</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 321); and simple, pointed, and weakly sclerotized ventral process (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA771DFF8F1FE7EF86F" box="[389,474,1899,1926]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1887,1911]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,181,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-25@11.[151,1436,181,1863]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ninetis subtilissima Simon, 1890; male from Oman, Wadi Tiwi; ZFMK Ar 24405. A–C. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. D–F. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. G–I. Chelicerae, frontal, lateral, and distal views. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal process; vp, ventral process. Scale lines: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596063/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Figs 7F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA771BFF8F1FDB0F86C" box="[485,532,1899,1925]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-17@20.[151,1436,181,1813]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 14. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; male paratype from Saudi Arabia, NE of Wadi ‘Amoud; ZFMK Ar 24407. A– C. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. D–F. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views; thick arrows point at distinctive flattened dorsal sclerite. G–I. Chelicerae, frontal, lateral, and distal views. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal process; vp, ventral process. Scale lines: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596077/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">14F</figureCitation>
); in 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA3FFA7721EF8F6FD14F86C" authorityName="Huber &amp; Meng" authorityYear="2025" box="[580,688,1899,1925]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samail" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA7721EF8F6FD14F86C" box="[580,688,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">N. samail</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA3FFA772ECF8F1FCABF86C" bold="true" box="[694,783,1899,1925]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775796FFA3FFA772ECF8F1FCABF86C" box="[694,783,1899,1925]" pageId="6" pageNumber="296" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
dorsal process with distinctive sclerite set with scales, and ventral process more complex and sclerotized (
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA3FFA772FDF815FCAFF840" box="[679,779,1935,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox="[156,1426,181,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-25@29.[151,1436,181,1779]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 22. Ninetis samail Huber sp. nov.; male from Oman, near Samail; ZFMK Ar 24420. A–C. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views; arrow points at distinctive spine. D–G. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, retrolateral, and ventral views; arrow in D points at prolateral sclerite that is straight rather than curved towards ventral in male from between Al Rawda and Al Hayema. H–J. Chelicerae, frontal, lateral, and distal views. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal process; vp, ventral process. Scale lines: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596096/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="296">Fig. 22F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4F6677FFA2FFA670CDF8AEFAF0F850" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596055" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14596055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596055/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="297" startId="7.[151,250,1844,1868]" targetBox="[151,1436,199,1820]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8F36FFFFA2FFA670CDF8AEFAF0F850" blockId="7.[151,1437,1844,1977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA2FFA670CDF8AEFEB0F8A5" bold="true" box="[151,276,1844,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="297">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA2FFA67146F8AFFE15F8A5" authority="Simon" authorityName="Simon" box="[284,433,1844,1868]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA2FFA67146F8AFFEC0F8A5" box="[284,356,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="297">Ninetis</emphasis>
Simon
</taxonomicName>
, live specimens. 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA2FFA6723BF8AEFD3DF8A5" bold="true" box="[609,665,1844,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="297">A, B.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA2FFA672FBF8AFFC12F8A5" authority="Simon" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[673,950,1844,1868]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subtilissima">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA2FFA672FBF8AFFCCDF8A5" box="[673,873,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="297">Ninetis subtilissima</emphasis>
Simon
</taxonomicName>
, male from Oman, Wadi Ghul and female with embryos from Oman, Wadi Shab. 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA2FFA671ABF8C2FD8CF899" bold="true" box="[497,552,1880,1904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="297">C, D.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA2FFA67275F8C3FCA3F899" authority="Huber" authorityName="Huber &amp; Meng" authorityYear="2025" box="[559,775,1880,1904]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoud" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA2FFA67275F8C3FD66F899" box="[559,706,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="297">Ninetis amoud</emphasis>
Huber
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA2FFA67357F8C2FCFAF899" bold="true" box="[781,862,1880,1904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="297">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775796FFA2FFA67357F8C2FCFAF899" box="[781,862,1880,1904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="297" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male from Saudi Arabia, NW of Al Fatiha, female from Saudi Arabia, S of Habeel. 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA2FFA671F0F8E6FE7EF87D" bold="true" box="[426,474,1916,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="297">E, F.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA2FFA671BAF8E7FD12F87D" authority="Huber" authorityName="Huber &amp; Meng" authorityYear="2025" box="[480,694,1916,1940]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samail" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA2FFA671BAF8E7FDD6F87D" box="[480,626,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="297">Ninetis samail</emphasis>
Huber
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA2FFA672E6F8E6FCA9F87D" bold="true" box="[700,781,1916,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="297">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775796FFA2FFA672E6F8E6FCA9F87D" box="[700,781,1916,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="297" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male and female from Oman, near Samail. 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA2FFA67491F8E6FAA1F87D" bold="true" box="[1227,1285,1916,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="297">G, H.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA2FFA67551F8E7FF72F851" authority="Huber" authorityName="Huber &amp; Meng" authorityYear="2025" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marnif" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA2FFA67551F8E7FA39F87D" box="[1291,1437,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="297">Ninetis marnif</emphasis>
Huber
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA2FFA67087F83AFE89F851" bold="true" box="[221,301,1952,1976]" pageId="7" pageNumber="297">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775796FFA2FFA67087F83AFE89F851" box="[221,301,1952,1976]" pageId="7" pageNumber="297" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male and female with eggs from Oman, near Marnif. Scale line: 1 mm (all at same scale). Photos BAH.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4F6677FFADFFA970CDF8B5FEA5F882" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596057" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14596057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596057/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="298" startId="8.[151,250,1839,1863]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1815]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8F36FFFFADFFA970CDF8B5FEA5F882" blockId="8.[151,1437,1839,1899]" pageId="8" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFADFFA970CDF8B5FEB7F8AE" bold="true" box="[151,275,1839,1863]" pageId="8" pageNumber="298">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Known distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFADFFA971A5F8AAFD10F8AE" authority="Simon. A." authorityName="Simon. A." box="[511,692,1839,1863]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFADFFA971A5F8AAFDE3F8AE" box="[511,583,1840,1863]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="298">Ninetis</emphasis>
Simon. 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFADFFA972C1F8B5FD10F8AE" bold="true" box="[667,692,1839,1863]" pageId="8" pageNumber="298">A.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Distribution of the entire genus. 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFADFFA9745BF8B5FBBCF8AE" bold="true" box="[1025,1048,1839,1863]" pageId="8" pageNumber="298">B.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFADFFA974E0F8AAFAA6F8AE" box="[1210,1282,1840,1863]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFADFFA974E0F8AAFAA6F8AE" box="[1210,1282,1840,1863]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="298">Ninetis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the Arabian Peninsula.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4F6677FFACFFA870CDF944FA8DF8D7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596059" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14596059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596059/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="299" startId="9.[151,250,1758,1782]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1734]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8F36FFFFACFFA870CDF944FA8DF8D7" blockId="9.[151,1437,1758,1854]" pageId="9" pageNumber="299">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFACFFA870CDF944FEB6F91F" bold="true" box="[151,274,1758,1782]" pageId="9" pageNumber="299">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Typical habitats of 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFACFFA8718CF945FDC1F91F" authority="Simon" authorityName="Simon" box="[470,613,1758,1782]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFACFFA8718CF945FDBAF91F" box="[470,542,1759,1782]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="299">Ninetis</emphasis>
Simon
</taxonomicName>
on the Arabian Peninsula. 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFACFFA8732BF944FC02F91F" bold="true" box="[881,934,1758,1782]" pageId="9" pageNumber="299">A, B.</emphasis>
Oman, Wadi Ghul and Wadi Tiwi (
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFACFFA8755DF945FF7AF8F3" authority="Simon" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subtilissima">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFACFFA8755DF945FA38F91F" box="[1287,1436,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="299">N. subtilissima</emphasis>
Simon
</taxonomicName>
). 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFACFFA870B4F898FE82F8F3" bold="true" box="[238,294,1794,1818]" pageId="9" pageNumber="299">C, D.</emphasis>
Saudi Arabia, SW of Mecca and NW of Al Fatiha (
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFACFFA8736BF899FC7CF8F3" authority="Huber" authorityName="Huber &amp; Meng" authorityYear="2025" box="[817,984,1794,1818]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoud" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFACFFA8736BF899FC37F8F3" box="[817,915,1794,1818]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="299">N. amoud</emphasis>
Huber
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFACFFA87385F898FB94F8F3" bold="true" box="[991,1072,1794,1818]" pageId="9" pageNumber="299">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775796FFACFFA87385F898FB94F8F3" box="[991,1072,1794,1818]" pageId="9" pageNumber="299" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
). 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFACFFA8741FF898FBD2F8F3" bold="true" box="[1093,1142,1794,1818]" pageId="9" pageNumber="299">E, F.</emphasis>
Oman, near Samail and near Al Hoota cave (
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFACFFA87162F8BDFE7BF8D7" authority="Huber" authorityName="Huber &amp; Meng" authorityYear="2025" box="[312,479,1830,1854]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samail" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFACFFA87162F8BDFE3EF8D7" box="[312,410,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="299">N. samail</emphasis>
Huber
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFACFFA871BFF8BCFD92F8D7" bold="true" box="[485,566,1830,1854]" pageId="9" pageNumber="299">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775796FFACFFA871BFF8BCFD92F8D7" box="[485,566,1830,1854]" pageId="9" pageNumber="299" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
). 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFACFFA87211F8BCFD22F8D7" bold="true" box="[587,646,1830,1854]" pageId="9" pageNumber="299">G, H.</emphasis>
Oman, near Marnif and Wadi Shalyon (
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFACFFA87447F8BDFB67F8D7" authority="Huber" authorityName="Huber &amp; Meng" authorityYear="2025" box="[1053,1219,1830,1854]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marnif" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFACFFA87447F8BDFBDAF8D7" box="[1053,1150,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="299">N. marnif</emphasis>
Huber
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFACFFA87490F8BCFABEF8D7" bold="true" box="[1226,1306,1830,1854]" pageId="9" pageNumber="299">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775796FFACFFA87490F8BCFABEF8D7" box="[1226,1306,1830,1854]" pageId="9" pageNumber="299" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8F36FFFFACFFAB709DF80AFA39FDF0" blockId="9.[151,1437,1936,2035]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,1005]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="300" pageId="9" pageNumber="299">
LEGS. Without spines and curved hairs. With slender metatarsal hairs (as first described in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFACFFA87499F80AFA30F843" author="Huber, B. A. &amp; Meng, G. &amp; Kral, J. &amp; Avila Herrera, I. M. &amp; Izquierdo, M. A." box="[1219,1428,1936,1962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="299" pagination="32 - 80" refId="ref19165" refString="Huber, B. A., Meng, G., Kral, J., Avila Herrera, I. M. &amp; Izquierdo, M. A. (2023 a) Revision of the South American Ninetinae genus Guaranita (Araneae, Pholcidae). European Journal of Taxonomy, 900, 32 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2023.900.2301" type="journal article" year="2023">
Huber 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFACFFA8754AF80BFAECF843" box="[1296,1352,1936,1962]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="299">et al.</emphasis>
2023a
</bibRefCitation>
) on metatarsus 3 (only one in very proximal position) and metatarsus 4 (one to four, in proximal position) (
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFACFFA87577F82EFF08F81A" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1697,1721]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-17@16.[151,1436,181,1673]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Ninetis subtilissima Simon, 1890; from Oman, Wadi Tiwi (ZFMK Ar 24405). A. Thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on female right metatarsus 3, ventral-prolateral view. B. Thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on female left metatarsus 4, ventral-distal view. C. Putative chemoreceptor on male right tarsus 1, prolateral view. D. Sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs (arrows) and regular mechanoreceptors on male right tibia 1, prolateral view. E, F. Tarsal organs (and neighboring slit sensilla) on left male tarsi 1 and 2, retrolateral-dorsal views. G. Tip of female right tarsus 2, prolateral view. H. Tip of female left tarsus 4, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 10 µm (A, B, D, G, H), 2 µm (C, E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596073/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="299">Figs 12A, B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFACFFA870E2F842FEA7F81A" box="[184,259,2008,2035]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1719,1743]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1695]" captionTargetId="figure-17@24.[151,1436,181,1695]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 18. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; from Saudi Arabia, E of Muhayil (A–D, F; ZFMK Ar 24411) and SW of Mecca (E, G, H; ZFMK Ar 24416). A. Tip of right female palp, dorsal view; arrow points at tarsal organ. B. Trichobothrium base on left male metatarsus 1. C. Rimmed pore (arrow) on left male metatarsus 1. D. Putative chemoreceptor on right male tarsus 1. E. Thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on female right metatarsus 3, prolateral-ventral view. F. Basis of thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on left male metatarsus 4, retrolateral-ventral view. G, H. Sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs and neighboring regular mechanoreceptive hairs and trichobothrium on left male tibia 1, retrolateral views; arrows points at cuticular plates. Scale lines: 10 µm (A, B, E, G, H), 2 µm (C, D, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596087/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="299">18E, F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFACFFA87154F842FEFDF81A" box="[270,345,2008,2035]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1380,1404]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1356]" captionTargetId="figure-25@33.[151,1436,181,1356]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 26. Ninetis samail Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, near Samail (B, C; ZFMK Ar 24419) and near Al Hoota cave (A, D–F; ZFMK Om109). A. Tip of left female palp, dorsal view; arrow points at tarsal organ. B. Trichobothrium base on right male metatarsus 1. C. Sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs and trichobothrium on left male tibia 1, retrolateral view; thick arrow points at cuticular plate. D. Rimmed pore and cuticular plate (thick arrow) and mechanoreceptive hair on left female metatarsus 4, retrolateral-dorsal view. E. Thin metatarsal hairs (thick arrows) on left female metatarsus 4, retrolateral-ventral view. F. Tip of thin metatarsal hair (arrow) and tip of regular mechanoreceptive hair on left female metatarsus 4, retrolateral-ventral view. Abbreviations: rp, rimmed pore; t, trichobothrium. Scale lines: 10 µm (A, C, D), 2 µm (B, F), 20 µm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596104/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="299">26E, F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFACFFA8713EF842FE12F81B" box="[356,438,2008,2034]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1726,1750]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-25@39.[151,1436,181,1702]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 32. Ninetis marnif Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, Wadi Shalyon (A–C, E: ZFMK Ar 24426; D, F–H: ZFMK Om149). A. Right male palp, retrolateral-dorsal view. B. Left male palp, prolateral-dorsal view. C. Tarsal organ (arrow) and neighboring sensilla on right male palp. D. Tip of right female palp, dorsal view; arrow points at tarsal organ. E. Sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs and trichobothrium base on left male tibia 1, retrolateral-dorsal view. F. Thin metatarsal hairs (thick arrows) and trichobothrium on left female metatarsus 4, retrolateral-ventral view. G. Thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on right female metatarsus 3, prolateral-ventral view. H. Tip of thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on left female metatarsus 4, retrolateral-ventral view. Abbreviation: t, trichobothrium. Scale lines: 20 µm (A, B, F), 10 µm (C–E, G), 2 µm (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596120/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="299">32F–H</figureCitation>
). Sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs present on tibia 1 only or on tibiae 1 and 2 (
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFACFFAB7530F842FF6EFF58" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1697,1721]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-17@16.[151,1436,181,1673]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Ninetis subtilissima Simon, 1890; from Oman, Wadi Tiwi (ZFMK Ar 24405). A. Thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on female right metatarsus 3, ventral-prolateral view. B. Thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on female left metatarsus 4, ventral-distal view. C. Putative chemoreceptor on male right tarsus 1, prolateral view. D. Sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs (arrows) and regular mechanoreceptors on male right tibia 1, prolateral view. E, F. Tarsal organs (and neighboring slit sensilla) on left male tarsi 1 and 2, retrolateral-dorsal views. G. Tip of female right tarsus 2, prolateral view. H. Tip of female left tarsus 4, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 10 µm (A, B, D, G, H), 2 µm (C, E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596073/files/figure.png" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="300" pageId="9" pageNumber="299">Figs 12D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB708DFF0DFE8BFF58" box="[215,303,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1719,1743]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1695]" captionTargetId="figure-17@24.[151,1436,181,1695]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 18. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; from Saudi Arabia, E of Muhayil (A–D, F; ZFMK Ar 24411) and SW of Mecca (E, G, H; ZFMK Ar 24416). A. Tip of right female palp, dorsal view; arrow points at tarsal organ. B. Trichobothrium base on left male metatarsus 1. C. Rimmed pore (arrow) on left male metatarsus 1. D. Putative chemoreceptor on right male tarsus 1. E. Thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on female right metatarsus 3, prolateral-ventral view. F. Basis of thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on left male metatarsus 4, retrolateral-ventral view. G, H. Sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs and neighboring regular mechanoreceptive hairs and trichobothrium on left male tibia 1, retrolateral views; arrows points at cuticular plates. Scale lines: 10 µm (A, B, E, G, H), 2 µm (C, D, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596087/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">18G, H</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB7166FF0DFEC9FF58" box="[316,365,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1380,1404]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1356]" captionTargetId="figure-25@33.[151,1436,181,1356]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 26. Ninetis samail Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, near Samail (B, C; ZFMK Ar 24419) and near Al Hoota cave (A, D–F; ZFMK Om109). A. Tip of left female palp, dorsal view; arrow points at tarsal organ. B. Trichobothrium base on right male metatarsus 1. C. Sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs and trichobothrium on left male tibia 1, retrolateral view; thick arrow points at cuticular plate. D. Rimmed pore and cuticular plate (thick arrow) and mechanoreceptive hair on left female metatarsus 4, retrolateral-dorsal view. E. Thin metatarsal hairs (thick arrows) on left female metatarsus 4, retrolateral-ventral view. F. Tip of thin metatarsal hair (arrow) and tip of regular mechanoreceptive hair on left female metatarsus 4, retrolateral-ventral view. Abbreviations: rp, rimmed pore; t, trichobothrium. Scale lines: 10 µm (A, C, D), 2 µm (B, F), 20 µm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596104/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">26C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB7121FF0DFE08FF58" box="[379,428,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1726,1750]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-25@39.[151,1436,181,1702]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 32. Ninetis marnif Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, Wadi Shalyon (A–C, E: ZFMK Ar 24426; D, F–H: ZFMK Om149). A. Right male palp, retrolateral-dorsal view. B. Left male palp, prolateral-dorsal view. C. Tarsal organ (arrow) and neighboring sensilla on right male palp. D. Tip of right female palp, dorsal view; arrow points at tarsal organ. E. Sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs and trichobothrium base on left male tibia 1, retrolateral-dorsal view. F. Thin metatarsal hairs (thick arrows) and trichobothrium on left female metatarsus 4, retrolateral-ventral view. G. Thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on right female metatarsus 3, prolateral-ventral view. H. Tip of thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on left female metatarsus 4, retrolateral-ventral view. Abbreviation: t, trichobothrium. Scale lines: 20 µm (A, B, F), 10 µm (C–E, G), 2 µm (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596120/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">32E</figureCitation>
), barely visible in dissecting microscope, length ~17–22 µm, diameter at basis ~1.0–1.2 µm. Chemoreceptive hairs similar in size (length ~12–14 µm) but wider (diameter at basis 1.4–1.6 µm) and with side branch (
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB7176FF45FE3CFF10" box="[300,408,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1697,1721]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-17@16.[151,1436,181,1673]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Ninetis subtilissima Simon, 1890; from Oman, Wadi Tiwi (ZFMK Ar 24405). A. Thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on female right metatarsus 3, ventral-prolateral view. B. Thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on female left metatarsus 4, ventral-distal view. C. Putative chemoreceptor on male right tarsus 1, prolateral view. D. Sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs (arrows) and regular mechanoreceptors on male right tibia 1, prolateral view. E, F. Tarsal organs (and neighboring slit sensilla) on left male tarsi 1 and 2, retrolateral-dorsal views. G. Tip of female right tarsus 2, prolateral view. H. Tip of female left tarsus 4, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 10 µm (A, B, D, G, H), 2 µm (C, E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596073/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">Figs 12C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB71FDFF45FE7CFF10" box="[423,472,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1719,1743]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1695]" captionTargetId="figure-17@24.[151,1436,181,1695]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 18. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; from Saudi Arabia, E of Muhayil (A–D, F; ZFMK Ar 24411) and SW of Mecca (E, G, H; ZFMK Ar 24416). A. Tip of right female palp, dorsal view; arrow points at tarsal organ. B. Trichobothrium base on left male metatarsus 1. C. Rimmed pore (arrow) on left male metatarsus 1. D. Putative chemoreceptor on right male tarsus 1. E. Thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on female right metatarsus 3, prolateral-ventral view. F. Basis of thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on left male metatarsus 4, retrolateral-ventral view. G, H. Sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs and neighboring regular mechanoreceptive hairs and trichobothrium on left male tibia 1, retrolateral views; arrows points at cuticular plates. Scale lines: 10 µm (A, B, E, G, H), 2 µm (C, D, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596087/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">18D</figureCitation>
) and mostly near leg tips. Retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 58–67% of tibia length. Prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1, present on tibiae 2–4. Base of trichobothria evenly rounded, without proximal ridge (
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB71F2FEBDFDB6FEA8" box="[424,530,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ninetis subtilissima Simon, 1890; from Oman, Wadi Tiwi (ZFMK Ar 24405). A, B. Right male palp, retrolateral and retrolateral-dorsal views. C, D. Left male palp, prolateral and prolateral-dorsal views. E. Left male palpal tarsal organ (arrow). F. Female left femur 3, retrolateral-ventral view, showing cuticular plates (arrows). G. Male right metatarsus 2, dorsal view, showing rimmed pore (arrow). H. Trichobothrium on female right metatarsus 4. Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; dp, dorsal process; pr, procursus; vp, ventral process. Scale lines: 100 µm (A–D), 10 µm (E, F, H), 2 µm (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596071/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">Figs 11H</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB7247FEBDFDEAFEA8" box="[541,590,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1719,1743]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1695]" captionTargetId="figure-17@24.[151,1436,181,1695]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 18. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; from Saudi Arabia, E of Muhayil (A–D, F; ZFMK Ar 24411) and SW of Mecca (E, G, H; ZFMK Ar 24416). A. Tip of right female palp, dorsal view; arrow points at tarsal organ. B. Trichobothrium base on left male metatarsus 1. C. Rimmed pore (arrow) on left male metatarsus 1. D. Putative chemoreceptor on right male tarsus 1. E. Thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on female right metatarsus 3, prolateral-ventral view. F. Basis of thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on left male metatarsus 4, retrolateral-ventral view. G, H. Sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs and neighboring regular mechanoreceptive hairs and trichobothrium on left male tibia 1, retrolateral views; arrows points at cuticular plates. Scale lines: 10 µm (A, B, E, G, H), 2 µm (C, D, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596087/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">18B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB7200FEBDFD2FFEA8" box="[602,651,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1380,1404]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1356]" captionTargetId="figure-25@33.[151,1436,181,1356]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 26. Ninetis samail Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, near Samail (B, C; ZFMK Ar 24419) and near Al Hoota cave (A, D–F; ZFMK Om109). A. Tip of left female palp, dorsal view; arrow points at tarsal organ. B. Trichobothrium base on right male metatarsus 1. C. Sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs and trichobothrium on left male tibia 1, retrolateral view; thick arrow points at cuticular plate. D. Rimmed pore and cuticular plate (thick arrow) and mechanoreceptive hair on left female metatarsus 4, retrolateral-dorsal view. E. Thin metatarsal hairs (thick arrows) on left female metatarsus 4, retrolateral-ventral view. F. Tip of thin metatarsal hair (arrow) and tip of regular mechanoreceptive hair on left female metatarsus 4, retrolateral-ventral view. Abbreviations: rp, rimmed pore; t, trichobothrium. Scale lines: 10 µm (A, C, D), 2 µm (B, F), 20 µm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596104/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">26B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB72CCFEBDFD6FFEA8" box="[662,715,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@40.[151,1436,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 33. Ninetis marnif Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, Wadi Shalyon (A–D, H: ZFMK Ar 24426; E–G: ZFMK Om149). A, B. Tarsal organs on left male tarsi 1 and 2, retrolateral-dorsal views. C, D. Vestigial tarsal organs (arrows) on left male tarsi 3 and 4. E. Tip of left female tarsus 1, retrolateral view. F. Tip of right female tarsus 1, prolateral view. G. Tip of left female tarsus 4, retrolateral view. H. Trichobothrium base on left male metatarsus 1. Scale lines: 2 µm (A–D, H), 10 µm (E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596124/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">33H</figureCitation>
). Legs with roundish cuticular plates (
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB742FFEBDFB7CFEA8" box="[1141,1240,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ninetis subtilissima Simon, 1890; from Oman, Wadi Tiwi (ZFMK Ar 24405). A, B. Right male palp, retrolateral and retrolateral-dorsal views. C, D. Left male palp, prolateral and prolateral-dorsal views. E. Left male palpal tarsal organ (arrow). F. Female left femur 3, retrolateral-ventral view, showing cuticular plates (arrows). G. Male right metatarsus 2, dorsal view, showing rimmed pore (arrow). H. Trichobothrium on female right metatarsus 4. Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; dp, dorsal process; pr, procursus; vp, ventral process. Scale lines: 100 µm (A–D), 10 µm (E, F, H), 2 µm (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596071/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">Figs 11F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB74BEFEBDFA9DFEA8" box="[1252,1337,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1719,1743]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1695]" captionTargetId="figure-17@24.[151,1436,181,1695]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 18. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; from Saudi Arabia, E of Muhayil (A–D, F; ZFMK Ar 24411) and SW of Mecca (E, G, H; ZFMK Ar 24416). A. Tip of right female palp, dorsal view; arrow points at tarsal organ. B. Trichobothrium base on left male metatarsus 1. C. Rimmed pore (arrow) on left male metatarsus 1. D. Putative chemoreceptor on right male tarsus 1. E. Thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on female right metatarsus 3, prolateral-ventral view. F. Basis of thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on left male metatarsus 4, retrolateral-ventral view. G, H. Sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs and neighboring regular mechanoreceptive hairs and trichobothrium on left male tibia 1, retrolateral views; arrows points at cuticular plates. Scale lines: 10 µm (A, B, E, G, H), 2 µm (C, D, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596087/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">18G, H</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB751EFEBDFA33FEA8" box="[1348,1431,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1380,1404]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1356]" captionTargetId="figure-25@33.[151,1436,181,1356]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 26. Ninetis samail Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, near Samail (B, C; ZFMK Ar 24419) and near Al Hoota cave (A, D–F; ZFMK Om109). A. Tip of left female palp, dorsal view; arrow points at tarsal organ. B. Trichobothrium base on right male metatarsus 1. C. Sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs and trichobothrium on left male tibia 1, retrolateral view; thick arrow points at cuticular plate. D. Rimmed pore and cuticular plate (thick arrow) and mechanoreceptive hair on left female metatarsus 4, retrolateral-dorsal view. E. Thin metatarsal hairs (thick arrows) on left female metatarsus 4, retrolateral-ventral view. F. Tip of thin metatarsal hair (arrow) and tip of regular mechanoreceptive hair on left female metatarsus 4, retrolateral-ventral view. Abbreviations: rp, rimmed pore; t, trichobothrium. Scale lines: 10 µm (A, C, D), 2 µm (B, F), 20 µm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596104/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">26C, D</figureCitation>
; diameter 4–7 µm) and rimmed pores (
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB7267FED1FD02FE8C" box="[573,678,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ninetis subtilissima Simon, 1890; from Oman, Wadi Tiwi (ZFMK Ar 24405). A, B. Right male palp, retrolateral and retrolateral-dorsal views. C, D. Left male palp, prolateral and prolateral-dorsal views. E. Left male palpal tarsal organ (arrow). F. Female left femur 3, retrolateral-ventral view, showing cuticular plates (arrows). G. Male right metatarsus 2, dorsal view, showing rimmed pore (arrow). H. Trichobothrium on female right metatarsus 4. Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; dp, dorsal process; pr, procursus; vp, ventral process. Scale lines: 100 µm (A–D), 10 µm (E, F, H), 2 µm (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596071/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">Figs 11G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB72EBFED1FD47FE8C" box="[689,739,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1719,1743]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1695]" captionTargetId="figure-17@24.[151,1436,181,1695]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 18. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; from Saudi Arabia, E of Muhayil (A–D, F; ZFMK Ar 24411) and SW of Mecca (E, G, H; ZFMK Ar 24416). A. Tip of right female palp, dorsal view; arrow points at tarsal organ. B. Trichobothrium base on left male metatarsus 1. C. Rimmed pore (arrow) on left male metatarsus 1. D. Putative chemoreceptor on right male tarsus 1. E. Thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on female right metatarsus 3, prolateral-ventral view. F. Basis of thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on left male metatarsus 4, retrolateral-ventral view. G, H. Sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs and neighboring regular mechanoreceptive hairs and trichobothrium on left male tibia 1, retrolateral views; arrows points at cuticular plates. Scale lines: 10 µm (A, B, E, G, H), 2 µm (C, D, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596087/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">18C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB72B7FED1FC84FE8C" box="[749,800,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1380,1404]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1356]" captionTargetId="figure-25@33.[151,1436,181,1356]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 26. Ninetis samail Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, near Samail (B, C; ZFMK Ar 24419) and near Al Hoota cave (A, D–F; ZFMK Om109). A. Tip of left female palp, dorsal view; arrow points at tarsal organ. B. Trichobothrium base on right male metatarsus 1. C. Sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs and trichobothrium on left male tibia 1, retrolateral view; thick arrow points at cuticular plate. D. Rimmed pore and cuticular plate (thick arrow) and mechanoreceptive hair on left female metatarsus 4, retrolateral-dorsal view. E. Thin metatarsal hairs (thick arrows) on left female metatarsus 4, retrolateral-ventral view. F. Tip of thin metatarsal hair (arrow) and tip of regular mechanoreceptive hair on left female metatarsus 4, retrolateral-ventral view. Abbreviations: rp, rimmed pore; t, trichobothrium. Scale lines: 10 µm (A, C, D), 2 µm (B, F), 20 µm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596104/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">26D</figureCitation>
; outer diameter 2.5–3.0 µm, diameter of opening 0.2–0.3 µm) apparently on all leg segments. Tarsus 1 with three to five pseudosegments, variably distinct. Leg tarsal organs capsulate (
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB7154FE09FE36FE44" box="[270,402,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1697,1721]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-17@16.[151,1436,181,1673]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Ninetis subtilissima Simon, 1890; from Oman, Wadi Tiwi (ZFMK Ar 24405). A. Thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on female right metatarsus 3, ventral-prolateral view. B. Thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on female left metatarsus 4, ventral-distal view. C. Putative chemoreceptor on male right tarsus 1, prolateral view. D. Sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs (arrows) and regular mechanoreceptors on male right tibia 1, prolateral view. E, F. Tarsal organs (and neighboring slit sensilla) on left male tarsi 1 and 2, retrolateral-dorsal views. G. Tip of female right tarsus 2, prolateral view. H. Tip of female left tarsus 4, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 10 µm (A, B, D, G, H), 2 µm (C, E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596073/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">Figs 12E, F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB71C4FE09FE55FE44" box="[414,497,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1766,1790]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-25@25.[151,1436,181,1742]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 19. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; from Saudi Arabia, E of Muhayil (A; ZFMK Ar 24411) and SW of Mecca (B–H; ZFMK Ar 24416). A, B. Tarsal organs and neighboring slit sensilla on left female tarsi 1 and 2. C. Tarsal organ and neighboring slit sensillum on left male tarsus 3. D. Vestigial tarsal organ (arrow) on left male tarsus 4. E. Tip of right female tarsus 1, prolateral view. F. Tip of right male tarsus 2, prolateral view. G. Tip of right female tarsus 3, prolateral view. H. Tip of right male tarsus 4, prolateral view; arrow points at comb-hair. Scale lines: 2 µm (A–D), 10 µm (E–H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596090/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">19A–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB71A7FE09FDF5FE44" box="[509,593,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-17@34.[151,1436,181,1745]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 27. Ninetis samail Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, near Samail (C, E, G, H; ZFMK Ar 24419) and nearAl Hoota cave (A, B, D, F; ZFMK Om109). A, B. Tarsal organs and neighboring slit sensilla on female left tarsi 1 and 2, retrolateral-dorsal views. C. Tarsal organ on male left tarsus 3, retrolateral-dorsal view. D. Vestigial tarsal organ (arrow) and neighboring slit sensillum on female left tarsus 4, retrolateral-dorsal view. E. Tip of right male tarsus 1, prolateral view. F. Tip of left female tarsus 2, retrolateral view. G. Tip of left male tarsus 3, retrolateral view. H. Tip of right male tarsus 4, prolateral view; arrow points at comb-hair. Scale lines: 10 µm (A, E–H), 2 µm (B–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596106/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">27A–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB7206FE09FD0BFE44" box="[604,687,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@40.[151,1436,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 33. Ninetis marnif Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, Wadi Shalyon (A–D, H: ZFMK Ar 24426; E–G: ZFMK Om149). A, B. Tarsal organs on left male tarsi 1 and 2, retrolateral-dorsal views. C, D. Vestigial tarsal organs (arrows) on left male tarsi 3 and 4. E. Tip of left female tarsus 1, retrolateral view. F. Tip of right female tarsus 1, prolateral view. G. Tip of left female tarsus 4, retrolateral view. H. Trichobothrium base on left male metatarsus 1. Scale lines: 2 µm (A–D, H), 10 µm (E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596124/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">33A, B</figureCitation>
; diameter 2.5–4.5 µm, diameter of opening 0.6–1.0 µm), but tarsal organs of posterior legs (legs 3 and 4 or legs 4 only) apparently reduced and non-functional (
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB74D6FE2DFB51FE38" box="[1164,1269,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1766,1790]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-25@25.[151,1436,181,1742]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 19. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; from Saudi Arabia, E of Muhayil (A; ZFMK Ar 24411) and SW of Mecca (B–H; ZFMK Ar 24416). A, B. Tarsal organs and neighboring slit sensilla on left female tarsi 1 and 2. C. Tarsal organ and neighboring slit sensillum on left male tarsus 3. D. Vestigial tarsal organ (arrow) on left male tarsus 4. E. Tip of right female tarsus 1, prolateral view. F. Tip of right male tarsus 2, prolateral view. G. Tip of right female tarsus 3, prolateral view. H. Tip of right male tarsus 4, prolateral view; arrow points at comb-hair. Scale lines: 2 µm (A–D), 10 µm (E–H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596090/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">Figs 19D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB755AFE2DFA96FE38" box="[1280,1330,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-17@34.[151,1436,181,1745]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 27. Ninetis samail Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, near Samail (C, E, G, H; ZFMK Ar 24419) and nearAl Hoota cave (A, B, D, F; ZFMK Om109). A, B. Tarsal organs and neighboring slit sensilla on female left tarsi 1 and 2, retrolateral-dorsal views. C. Tarsal organ on male left tarsus 3, retrolateral-dorsal view. D. Vestigial tarsal organ (arrow) and neighboring slit sensillum on female left tarsus 4, retrolateral-dorsal view. E. Tip of right male tarsus 1, prolateral view. F. Tip of left female tarsus 2, retrolateral view. G. Tip of left male tarsus 3, retrolateral view. H. Tip of right male tarsus 4, prolateral view; arrow points at comb-hair. Scale lines: 10 µm (A, E–H), 2 µm (B–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596106/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">27D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB7566FE2DFA34FE38" box="[1340,1424,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@40.[151,1436,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 33. Ninetis marnif Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, Wadi Shalyon (A–D, H: ZFMK Ar 24426; E–G: ZFMK Om149). A, B. Tarsal organs on left male tarsi 1 and 2, retrolateral-dorsal views. C, D. Vestigial tarsal organs (arrows) on left male tarsi 3 and 4. E. Tip of left female tarsus 1, retrolateral view. F. Tip of right female tarsus 1, prolateral view. G. Tip of left female tarsus 4, retrolateral view. H. Trichobothrium base on left male metatarsus 1. Scale lines: 2 µm (A–D, H), 10 µm (E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596124/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">33C, D</figureCitation>
). Tarsus 4 with one comb-hair on prolateral side (
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB72F1FE41FCB2FE1C" box="[683,790,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1766,1790]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-25@25.[151,1436,181,1742]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 19. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; from Saudi Arabia, E of Muhayil (A; ZFMK Ar 24411) and SW of Mecca (B–H; ZFMK Ar 24416). A, B. Tarsal organs and neighboring slit sensilla on left female tarsi 1 and 2. C. Tarsal organ and neighboring slit sensillum on left male tarsus 3. D. Vestigial tarsal organ (arrow) on left male tarsus 4. E. Tip of right female tarsus 1, prolateral view. F. Tip of right male tarsus 2, prolateral view. G. Tip of right female tarsus 3, prolateral view. H. Tip of right male tarsus 4, prolateral view; arrow points at comb-hair. Scale lines: 2 µm (A–D), 10 µm (E–H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596090/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">Figs 19H</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB737BFE41FCF1FE1C" box="[801,853,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-17@34.[151,1436,181,1745]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 27. Ninetis samail Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, near Samail (C, E, G, H; ZFMK Ar 24419) and nearAl Hoota cave (A, B, D, F; ZFMK Om109). A, B. Tarsal organs and neighboring slit sensilla on female left tarsi 1 and 2, retrolateral-dorsal views. C. Tarsal organ on male left tarsus 3, retrolateral-dorsal view. D. Vestigial tarsal organ (arrow) and neighboring slit sensillum on female left tarsus 4, retrolateral-dorsal view. E. Tip of right male tarsus 1, prolateral view. F. Tip of left female tarsus 2, retrolateral view. G. Tip of left male tarsus 3, retrolateral view. H. Tip of right male tarsus 4, prolateral view; arrow points at comb-hair. Scale lines: 10 µm (A, E–H), 2 µm (B–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596106/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">27H</figureCitation>
). Main tarsal claws with ~10–13 teeth (
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB7551FE41FA3CFE1C" box="[1291,1432,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1697,1721]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-17@16.[151,1436,181,1673]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Ninetis subtilissima Simon, 1890; from Oman, Wadi Tiwi (ZFMK Ar 24405). A. Thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on female right metatarsus 3, ventral-prolateral view. B. Thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on female left metatarsus 4, ventral-distal view. C. Putative chemoreceptor on male right tarsus 1, prolateral view. D. Sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs (arrows) and regular mechanoreceptors on male right tibia 1, prolateral view. E, F. Tarsal organs (and neighboring slit sensilla) on left male tarsi 1 and 2, retrolateral-dorsal views. G. Tip of female right tarsus 2, prolateral view. H. Tip of female left tarsus 4, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 10 µm (A, B, D, G, H), 2 µm (C, E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596073/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">Figs 12G, H</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB70CDFE65FF4DFDF0" box="[151,233,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1766,1790]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-25@25.[151,1436,181,1742]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 19. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; from Saudi Arabia, E of Muhayil (A; ZFMK Ar 24411) and SW of Mecca (B–H; ZFMK Ar 24416). A, B. Tarsal organs and neighboring slit sensilla on left female tarsi 1 and 2. C. Tarsal organ and neighboring slit sensillum on left male tarsus 3. D. Vestigial tarsal organ (arrow) on left male tarsus 4. E. Tip of right female tarsus 1, prolateral view. F. Tip of right male tarsus 2, prolateral view. G. Tip of right female tarsus 3, prolateral view. H. Tip of right male tarsus 4, prolateral view; arrow points at comb-hair. Scale lines: 2 µm (A–D), 10 µm (E–H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596090/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">19E–H</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB70AEFE65FEE2FDF0" box="[244,326,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-17@34.[151,1436,181,1745]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 27. Ninetis samail Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, near Samail (C, E, G, H; ZFMK Ar 24419) and nearAl Hoota cave (A, B, D, F; ZFMK Om109). A, B. Tarsal organs and neighboring slit sensilla on female left tarsi 1 and 2, retrolateral-dorsal views. C. Tarsal organ on male left tarsus 3, retrolateral-dorsal view. D. Vestigial tarsal organ (arrow) and neighboring slit sensillum on female left tarsus 4, retrolateral-dorsal view. E. Tip of right male tarsus 1, prolateral view. F. Tip of left female tarsus 2, retrolateral view. G. Tip of left male tarsus 3, retrolateral view. H. Tip of right male tarsus 4, prolateral view; arrow points at comb-hair. Scale lines: 10 µm (A, E–H), 2 µm (B–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596106/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">27E–H</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB710BFE65FE00FDF0" box="[337,420,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-17@40.[151,1436,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 33. Ninetis marnif Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, Wadi Shalyon (A–D, H: ZFMK Ar 24426; E–G: ZFMK Om149). A, B. Tarsal organs on left male tarsi 1 and 2, retrolateral-dorsal views. C, D. Vestigial tarsal organs (arrows) on left male tarsi 3 and 4. E. Tip of left female tarsus 1, retrolateral view. F. Tip of right female tarsus 1, prolateral view. G. Tip of left female tarsus 4, retrolateral view. H. Trichobothrium base on left male metatarsus 1. Scale lines: 2 µm (A–D, H), 10 µm (E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596124/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">33E–G</figureCitation>
). Claws of tarsus 4 slightly different from others (distal teeth more directed towards distal).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36FFFFAFFFAB709DFDB9FEBDFDD4" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1005]" box="[199,281,547,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">Female</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36FFFFAFFFAB709DFDDDFE3EFC04" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">
In general, similar to males but sternum without anterior humps, chelicerae without stridulatory files (
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB7530FDDDFF6EFD6C" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[151,1436,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ninetis subtilissima Simon, 1890; from Oman, Wadi Tiwi (ZFMK Ar 24405). A, B. Male and female prosomata, dorsal views. C, D. Male and female chelicerae, oblique frontal views. E. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. F. Epigynum, ventral view; arrow points at process with pocket. G, H. Left female spinnerets and right female ALS. Abbreviations: aep, anterior epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale lines: 100 µm (A, B, F), 20 µm (C, D), 10 µm (E, G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596069/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">Figs 10D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB708FFDF1FEA2FD6C" box="[213,262,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetId="figure-17@22.[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; from Saudi Arabia, E of Muhayil (D, G, H; ZFMK Ar 24411) and SW of Mecca (A–C, E, F; ZFMK Ar 24416). A. Female prosoma, frontal view. B. Female chelicerae, oblique frontal view. C. Female left cheliceral fang, distal view. D. Male left chelicera, oblique frontal view. E. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. F. Epigynum, ventral view; arrow points at epigynal pocket. G. Left female ALS and PMS. H. Right female ALS. Scale lines: 100 µm (A), 10 µm (B–E, G, H), 30 µm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596081/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">16B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB714BFDF1FEE0FD6C" box="[273,324,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-25@31.[151,1436,181,1800]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 24. Ninetis samail Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, near Samail (B, C, E, G; ZFMK Ar 24419) and near Al Hoota cave (A, D, F, H; ZFMK Om109). A. Female prosoma, frontal view. B. Male prosoma, frontal-ventral view, showing sternum humps (arrows). C. Stridulatory file on left male chelicera. D. Left female chelicera, frontal-lateral view. E. Male gonopore. F. Female abdomen and epigynum, ventral view. G. Left male ALS. H. Right female ALS and PMS. Abbreviations: aep, anterior epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale lines: 100 µm (A, B, F), 10 µm (C, E, G, H), 20 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596100/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">24D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB7115FDF1FE25FD6C" box="[335,385,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-17@38.[151,1436,181,1803]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 31. Ninetis marnif Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, Wadi Shalyon (C–E, G: ZFMK Ar 24426; A, B, F, H: ZFMK Om149). A. Female prosoma, frontal view. B. Left female chelicera, lateral view. C. Left male chelicera, lateral view. D. Stridulatory file on right male chelicera. E. Male gonopore. F. Epigynum, ventral view. G. Left male ALS. H. Left female ALS and PMS. Abbreviations: aep, anterior epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale lines: 100 µm (A), 10 µm (B–E), 20 µm (F), 2 µm (G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596116/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">31B</figureCitation>
), clypeus without sclerotized rim, and palpal tarsal organ weakly raised (
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB74F4FDF1FABEFD6C" box="[1198,1306,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1719,1743]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1695]" captionTargetId="figure-17@24.[151,1436,181,1695]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 18. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; from Saudi Arabia, E of Muhayil (A–D, F; ZFMK Ar 24411) and SW of Mecca (E, G, H; ZFMK Ar 24416). A. Tip of right female palp, dorsal view; arrow points at tarsal organ. B. Trichobothrium base on left male metatarsus 1. C. Rimmed pore (arrow) on left male metatarsus 1. D. Putative chemoreceptor on right male tarsus 1. E. Thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on female right metatarsus 3, prolateral-ventral view. F. Basis of thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on left male metatarsus 4, retrolateral-ventral view. G, H. Sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs and neighboring regular mechanoreceptive hairs and trichobothrium on left male tibia 1, retrolateral views; arrows points at cuticular plates. Scale lines: 10 µm (A, B, E, G, H), 2 µm (C, D, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596087/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">Figs 18A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB757FFDF1FAFCFD6C" box="[1317,1368,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1380,1404]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1356]" captionTargetId="figure-25@33.[151,1436,181,1356]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 26. Ninetis samail Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, near Samail (B, C; ZFMK Ar 24419) and near Al Hoota cave (A, D–F; ZFMK Om109). A. Tip of left female palp, dorsal view; arrow points at tarsal organ. B. Trichobothrium base on right male metatarsus 1. C. Sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs and trichobothrium on left male tibia 1, retrolateral view; thick arrow points at cuticular plate. D. Rimmed pore and cuticular plate (thick arrow) and mechanoreceptive hair on left female metatarsus 4, retrolateral-dorsal view. E. Thin metatarsal hairs (thick arrows) on left female metatarsus 4, retrolateral-ventral view. F. Tip of thin metatarsal hair (arrow) and tip of regular mechanoreceptive hair on left female metatarsus 4, retrolateral-ventral view. Abbreviations: rp, rimmed pore; t, trichobothrium. Scale lines: 10 µm (A, C, D), 2 µm (B, F), 20 µm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596104/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">26A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB7539FDF1FA31FD6C" box="[1379,1429,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1726,1750]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-25@39.[151,1436,181,1702]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 32. Ninetis marnif Huber sp. nov.; from Oman, Wadi Shalyon (A–C, E: ZFMK Ar 24426; D, F–H: ZFMK Om149). A. Right male palp, retrolateral-dorsal view. B. Left male palp, prolateral-dorsal view. C. Tarsal organ (arrow) and neighboring sensilla on right male palp. D. Tip of right female palp, dorsal view; arrow points at tarsal organ. E. Sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs and trichobothrium base on left male tibia 1, retrolateral-dorsal view. F. Thin metatarsal hairs (thick arrows) and trichobothrium on left female metatarsus 4, retrolateral-ventral view. G. Thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on right female metatarsus 3, prolateral-ventral view. H. Tip of thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on left female metatarsus 4, retrolateral-ventral view. Abbreviation: t, trichobothrium. Scale lines: 20 µm (A, B, F), 10 µm (C–E, G), 2 µm (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596120/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">32D</figureCitation>
) and slightly smaller (diameter 3.6–4.5 µm, diameter of opening 0.7–1.1 µm). Legs either shorter than in males (male / female tibia 1 length: ~1.0–1.3, but sample sizes mostly very small except in 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFAFFFAB7438FD29FB6BFD24" authorityName="Huber &amp; Meng" authorityYear="2025" box="[1122,1231,691,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marnif" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFAFFFAB7438FD29FB6BFD24" box="[1122,1231,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">N. marnif</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFAFFFAB748DFD29FA96FD24" bold="true" box="[1239,1330,691,717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775796FFAFFFAB748DFD29FA96FD24" box="[1239,1330,691,717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="300" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: 1.10) or equal to slightly longer than in males (reasonable sample sizes only in 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFAFFFAB73E6FD4DFBC7FD18" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[956,1123,727,753]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subtilissima">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFAFFFAB73E6FD4DFBC7FD18" box="[956,1123,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">N. subtilissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFAFFFAB7428FD4DFB44FD18" authorityName="Huber &amp; Meng" authorityYear="2025" box="[1138,1248,727,753]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoud" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFAFFFAB7428FD4DFB44FD18" box="[1138,1248,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">N. amoud</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFAFFFAB74B2FD4DFAE7FD18" bold="true" box="[1256,1347,727,753]" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775796FFAFFFAB74B2FD4DFAE7FD18" box="[1256,1347,727,753]" pageId="10" pageNumber="300" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFAFFFAB75D9FD4DFF46FCFC" authorityName="Huber &amp; Meng" authorityYear="2025" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samail" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFAFFFAB75D9FD4DFF46FCFC" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">N. samail</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFAFFFAB70B1FD61FEE2FCFC" bold="true" box="[235,326,763,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775796FFAFFFAB70B1FD61FEE2FCFC" box="[235,326,763,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="300" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: 0.95–0.98); tibia 1 length 0.36 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFAFFFAB72E9FD61FD65FCFD" box="[691,705,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">–</emphasis>
0.83. Spinnerets, slender metatarsal hairs, chemoreceptive hairs, trichobothria, cuticular plates, rimmed pores, comb-hairs, leg tarsal organs, and claws as in male. Epigynum with simple semicircular to trapezoidal anterior plate, weakly protruding, in some species with distinct median pocket (
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB70C5FCFDFEA0FC68" box="[159,260,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[151,1436,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ninetis subtilissima Simon, 1890; from Oman, Wadi Tiwi (ZFMK Ar 24405). A, B. Male and female prosomata, dorsal views. C, D. Male and female chelicerae, oblique frontal views. E. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. F. Epigynum, ventral view; arrow points at process with pocket. G, H. Left female spinnerets and right female ALS. Abbreviations: aep, anterior epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale lines: 100 µm (A, B, F), 20 µm (C, D), 10 µm (E, G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596069/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">Figs 10F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB7155FCFCFE9AFC68" box="[271,318,870,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1605,1629]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1582]" captionTargetId="figure-25@21.[151,1436,181,1582]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 15. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; female paratype from Saudi Arabia, NE of Wadi ‘Amoud (A–C, J; ZFMK Ar 24407), female from Saudi Arabia, N of Al Makhwah (D–F, K; ZFMK Ar 24413), and female from Saudi Arabia, NE of Ghran (G–I; ZFMK Ar 24418). A, D, G. Epigyna, ventral views. B–C, E–F, H–I. Cleared genitalia, ventral and dorsal views; arrow in E points at epigynal pocket. J–K. Internal transversal sclerites at higher magnifications. Scale lines: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596079/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">15E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB7110FCFDFED2FC68" box="[330,374,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetId="figure-17@22.[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; from Saudi Arabia, E of Muhayil (D, G, H; ZFMK Ar 24411) and SW of Mecca (A–C, E, F; ZFMK Ar 24416). A. Female prosoma, frontal view. B. Female chelicerae, oblique frontal view. C. Female left cheliceral fang, distal view. D. Male left chelicera, oblique frontal view. E. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. F. Epigynum, ventral view; arrow points at epigynal pocket. G. Left female ALS and PMS. H. Right female ALS. Scale lines: 100 µm (A), 10 µm (B–E, G, H), 30 µm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596081/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">16F</figureCitation>
) (or glandular duct?—bottom of pocket not sclerotized and difficult to resolve); posterior plate short and simple. Internal genitalia (
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB7268FC11FDD8FC4C" box="[562,636,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1563,1587]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[151,1436,181,1539]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Ninetis subtilissima Simon, 1890; females from Yemen, Ja’ar (A–E; ZFMK Ar 24427) and Oman, Wadi Shalyon (F–J; ZFMK Ar 24402). A, F. Epigyna, ventral views. B–C, G–H. Cleared genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. D–E, I–J. Internal transversal sclerites at higher magnifications. Scale lines: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596065/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">Figs 8</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB72D0FC11FD3EFC4C" box="[650,666,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1767,1791]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-119@13.[151,1436,345,1744]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Ninetis subtilissima Simon, 1890; females from Oman, Wadi Tiwi (A–E; ZFMK Ar 24405) and Oman, Wadi Ghul (F–J; ZFMK Ar 24403). A, F. Epigyna, ventral views. B–C, G–H. Cleared genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. D–E, I–J. Internal transversal sclerites at higher magnifications. Scale lines: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596067" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596067/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">9</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB72FDFC10FD61FC4C" box="[679,709,906,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1605,1629]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1582]" captionTargetId="figure-25@21.[151,1436,181,1582]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 15. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; female paratype from Saudi Arabia, NE of Wadi ‘Amoud (A–C, J; ZFMK Ar 24407), female from Saudi Arabia, N of Al Makhwah (D–F, K; ZFMK Ar 24413), and female from Saudi Arabia, NE of Ghran (G–I; ZFMK Ar 24418). A, D, G. Epigyna, ventral views. B–C, E–F, H–I. Cleared genitalia, ventral and dorsal views; arrow in E points at epigynal pocket. J–K. Internal transversal sclerites at higher magnifications. Scale lines: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596079/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">15</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB7289FC11FD55FC4C" box="[723,753,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="30.[151,249,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,633,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-200@30.[151,1436,633,1909]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 23. Ninetis samail Huber sp. nov.; female from Oman, near Samail (A–C, G; ZFMK Ar 24420), and female from Oman, near Al Hoota Cave (D–F, H; ZFMK Ar 24421). A, D. Epigyna, ventral views. B–C, E–F. Cleared genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. G–H. Internal transversal sclerites and large membranous elements at higher magnifications. Scale lines: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596098/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">23</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFAFFFAB72A4FC11FCBFFC4C" box="[766,795,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1244,1268]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1220]" captionTargetId="figure-25@37.[151,1436,181,1220]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 30. Ninetis marnif Huber sp. nov.; female from Oman, W of Al Marnif (A–C, G; ZFMK Ar 24424), and female from Oman, Wadi Shalyon (D–F, H; ZFMK Ar 24426). A, D. Epigyna, ventral views. B–C, E–F. Cleared genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. G–H. Internal transversal sclerites at higher magnifications. Scale lines: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596112/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">30</figureCitation>
) with pair of transversal posterior sclerites and complex median structures of unknown function, apparently without pore plates; in 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFAFFFAB73ACFC35FBC1FC20" authorityName="Huber &amp; Meng" authorityYear="2025" box="[1014,1125,943,969]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samail" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFAFFFAB73ACFC35FBC1FC20" box="[1014,1125,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">N. samail</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFAFFFAB7434FC35FB6EFC20" bold="true" box="[1134,1226,943,969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775796FFAFFFAB7434FC35FB6EFC20" box="[1134,1226,943,969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="300" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
with pair of large membranous elements.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF4F6677FFAFFFAB70CDF8DFFD80F84D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596061" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14596061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596061/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="300" startId="10.[151,250,1861,1885]" targetBox="[151,1435,1029,1837]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8F36FFFFAFFFAB70CDF8DFFD80F84D" blockId="10.[151,1436,1861,1957]" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFAFFFAB70CDF8DFFEB6F8B4" bold="true" box="[151,274,1861,1885]" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFAFFFAB7143F8DCFDCEF8B4" authority="Simon, 1890" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[281,618,1861,1885]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subtilissima">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFAFFFAB7143F8DCFE7BF8B4" box="[281,479,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="300">Ninetis subtilissima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFAFFFAB71BFF8DFFDCEF8B4" author="Simon, E." box="[485,618,1861,1885]" pageId="10" pageNumber="300" pagination="77 - 124" refId="ref20177" refString="Simon, E. (1890) Etude sur les arachnides de l'Yemen. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 6, 77 - 124." type="journal article" year="1890">Simon, 1890</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; male from Oman, Wadi Tiwi; ZFMK Ar 24405. Left male palp in prolateral (A), dorsal (B), and retrolateral (C) views. Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; c, coxa; f, femur; pa, patella; pr, procursus; ta, tarsus; ti, tibia; tr, trochanter. Scale line: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4F6677FFAEFFAA70CDF8C5FAF2F857" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596063" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14596063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596063/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="301" startId="11.[151,250,1887,1911]" targetBox="[160,1427,181,1859]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8F36FFFFAEFFAA70CDF8C5FAF2F857" blockId="11.[151,1437,1887,1983]" pageId="11" pageNumber="301">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFAEFFAA70CDF8C5FEB1F89E" bold="true" box="[151,277,1887,1911]" pageId="11" pageNumber="301">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFAEFFAA7147F8FAFDD2F89E" authority="Simon, 1890" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[285,630,1887,1911]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subtilissima">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFAEFFAA7147F8FAFE43F89E" box="[285,487,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="301">Ninetis subtilissima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFAEFFAA71B5F8C5FDD2F89E" author="Simon, E." box="[495,630,1887,1911]" pageId="11" pageNumber="301" pagination="77 - 124" refId="ref20177" refString="Simon, E. (1890) Etude sur les arachnides de l'Yemen. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 6, 77 - 124." type="journal article" year="1890">Simon, 1890</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; male from Oman, Wadi Tiwi; ZFMK Ar 24405. 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFAEFFAA7421F8C5FB17F89E" bold="true" box="[1147,1203,1887,1911]" pageId="11" pageNumber="301">A–C.</emphasis>
Left palpal tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFAEFFAA72E6F819FD4AF872" bold="true" box="[700,750,1923,1947]" pageId="11" pageNumber="301">D–F.</emphasis>
Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFAEFFAA7536F819FA39F872" bold="true" box="[1388,1437,1923,1947]" pageId="11" pageNumber="301">G–I.</emphasis>
Chelicerae, frontal, lateral, and distal views. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal process; vp, ventral process. Scale lines: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4F6677FFA9FFAD70CDF981FC28F992" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596065" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14596065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596065/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="302" startId="12.[151,250,1563,1587]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1539]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8F36FFFFA9FFAD70CDF981FC28F992" blockId="12.[151,1437,1563,1660]" pageId="12" pageNumber="302">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA9FFAD70CDF981FEB0F9DA" bold="true" box="[151,276,1563,1587]" pageId="12" pageNumber="302">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA9FFAD7141F986FDD4F9DD" authority="Simon, 1890" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[283,624,1563,1588]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subtilissima">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA9FFAD7141F986FE47F9DA" box="[283,483,1563,1587]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="302">Ninetis subtilissima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFA9FFAD71B0F981FDD4F9DD" author="Simon, E." box="[490,624,1563,1588]" pageId="12" pageNumber="302" pagination="77 - 124" refId="ref20177" refString="Simon, E. (1890) Etude sur les arachnides de l'Yemen. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 6, 77 - 124." type="journal article" year="1890">Simon, 1890</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; females from Yemen, Ja’ar (A–E; ZFMK Ar 24427) and Oman, Wadi Shalyon (F–J; ZFMK Ar 24402). 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA9FFAD71FAF9A5FE71F9B1" bold="true" box="[416,469,1599,1624]" pageId="12" pageNumber="302">A, F.</emphasis>
Epigyna, ventral views. 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA9FFAD7285F9DAFCFDF9BE" bold="true" box="[735,857,1599,1624]" pageId="12" pageNumber="302">B–C, G–H.</emphasis>
Cleared genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA9FFAD7569F9DAFA39F9B1" bold="true" box="[1331,1437,1600,1624]" pageId="12" pageNumber="302">D–E, I–J.</emphasis>
Internal transversal sclerites at higher magnifications. Scale lines: 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32A6574FFA9FFAC709DF957FA99FEA8" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="303" pageId="12" pageNumber="302" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8F36FFFFA9FFAD709DF957FD4EF8D9" blockId="12.[151,1437,1741,2020]" pageId="12" pageNumber="302">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA9FFAD709DF957FEC5F90E" bold="true" box="[199,353,1741,1767]" pageId="12" pageNumber="302">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA9FFAD713DF954FE12F90E" box="[359,438,1742,1767]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA9FFAD713DF954FE12F90E" box="[359,438,1742,1767]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="302">Ninetis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed on the Arabian Peninsula and in Africa, including 
<collectingCountry id="F327766FFFA9FFAD7482F954FAFBF901" box="[1240,1375,1742,1768]" name="Madagascar" pageId="12" pageNumber="302">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFA9FFAD7535F954FF0CF8E5" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1839,1863]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[151,1435,181,1815]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Known distribution of Ninetis Simon. A. Distribution of the entire genus. B. Distribution of Ninetis on the Arabian Peninsula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596057/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="302">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Specimens have been collected from sea level to 
<quantity id="4CC89B1AFFA9FFAD7285F968FC93F8E5" box="[735,823,1778,1804]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="12" pageNumber="302" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</quantity>
. On the Arabian Peninsula, we found 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA9FFAD7486F968FA8FF8E2" box="[1244,1323,1778,1803]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA9FFAD7486F968FA8FF8E2" box="[1244,1323,1778,1803]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="302">Ninetis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spiders at 23 of 68 localities visited in 
<collectingCountry id="F327766FFFA9FFAD718CF88CFDBEF8D9" box="[470,538,1814,1840]" name="Oman" pageId="12" pageNumber="302">Oman</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F327766FFFA9FFAD720BF88CFD42F8D9" box="[593,742,1814,1840]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="12" pageNumber="302">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36FFFFA9FFAC709DF8A0FA99FEA8" blockId="12.[151,1437,1741,2020]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,150,321]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="303" pageId="12" pageNumber="302">
Previous publications have partly reported slightly erroneous coordinates. These are corrected here, as far as possible. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFA9FFAD7159F8C4FDC1F891" author="Huber, B. A. &amp; El Hennawy, H." box="[259,613,1886,1912]" pageId="12" pageNumber="302" pagination="45 - 53" refId="ref18858" refString="Huber, B. A. &amp; El Hennawy, H. (2007) On Old World ninetine spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae), with a new genus and species and the first record for Madagascar. Zootaxa, 1635 (1), 45 - 53. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1635.1.3" type="journal article" year="2007">Huber and El Hennawy (2007)</bibRefCitation>
reported 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA9FFAD728EF8C4FCE1F89E" authorityName="Berland" authorityYear="1920" box="[724,837,1886,1911]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Myrmidonella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA9FFAD728EF8C4FCE1F89E" box="[724,837,1886,1911]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="302">N. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from “Tsavo West, Kisima forest”, giving 
<geoCoordinate id="EE045038FFA9FFAD7568F8C7FA32F891" box="[1330,1430,1885,1912]" degrees="3.517" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="302" precision="55" value="-3.517">3.517 °S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE045038FFA9FFAD70CDF818FEADF875" box="[151,265,1922,1948]" degrees="38.867" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="302" precision="55" value="38.867">38.867 °E</geoCoordinate>
. The exact coordinates cannot be reconstructed but are probably near 
<geoCoordinate id="EE045038FFA9FFAD745CF818FBEEF875" box="[1030,1098,1922,1948]" degrees="3.4" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="302" precision="5555" value="-3.4">3.4 °S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE045038FFA9FFAD740FF818FB0CF875" box="[1109,1192,1922,1948]" degrees="38.4" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="302" precision="5555" value="38.4">38.4 °E</geoCoordinate>
(near Taita Discovery Center in the foothills of the Taita Hills; R. Jocqué pers. comm., 
<date id="FF8E103FFFA9FFAD733FF83CFC5FF829" box="[869,1019,1958,1984]" pageId="12" pageNumber="302" value="2024-04-18">18 Apr. 2024</date>
). The 
<typeStatus id="548B885DFFA9FFAD7464F83CFBCAF829" box="[1086,1134,1958,1984]" pageId="12" pageNumber="302">type</typeStatus>
locality of 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA9FFAD74B7F83CFA38F829" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2002" box="[1261,1436,1958,1984]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="russellsmithi">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA9FFAD74B7F83CFA38F829" box="[1261,1436,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="302">N. russellsmithi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="F327766FFFA9FFAD70C5F850FF5DF80D" box="[159,249,1994,2020]" name="Malawi" pageId="12" pageNumber="302">Malawi</collectingCountry>
, 
<quantity id="4CC89B1AFFA9FFAD715FF850FEE9F80D" box="[261,333,1994,2020]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="302" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
S of Monkey Bay) was published as ~ 
<geoCoordinate id="EE045038FFA9FFAD735CF853FCCEF80D" box="[774,874,1993,2020]" degrees="14.05" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="302" precision="555" value="-14.05">14.05 °S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE045038FFA9FFAD732DF853FC7FF80D" box="[887,987,1993,2020]" degrees="35.00" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="302" precision="555" value="35.0">35.00 °E</geoCoordinate>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFA9FFAD73B0F850FBD0F80D" author="Huber, BA" box="[1002,1140,1994,2020]" pageId="12" pageNumber="302" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref18748" refString="Huber, BA. (2002) Ninetis russellsmithi n. sp., an unusual new pholcid spider species from Malawi (Araneae: Pholcidae). Journal of Insect Science, 2.4, 1 - 3. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jis / 2.1.4" type="book chapter" year="2002">Huber 2002</bibRefCitation>
) but should be ~ 
<geoCoordinate id="EE045038FFA9FFAD7568F850FA32F80D" box="[1330,1430,1994,2020]" degrees="14.16" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="302" precision="555" value="-14.16">14.16 °S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE045038FFA8FFAC70CDFF0DFF58FF58" box="[151,252,151,177]" degrees="34.93" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="303" precision="555" value="34.93">34.93 °E</geoCoordinate>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA8FFAC715CFF0DFE03FF58" box="[262,423,151,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toliara">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA8FFAC715CFF0DFE03FF58" box="[262,423,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="303">Ninetis toliara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reported from 
<collectingCountry id="F327766FFFA8FFAC7225FF0DFCACFF58" box="[639,776,151,177]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="303">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Isalo, with the coordinates 
<geoCoordinate id="EE045038FFA8FFAC7467FF0CFB3BFF58" box="[1085,1183,150,177]" degrees="23.15" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="303" precision="555" value="-23.15">23.15 °S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE045038FFA8FFAC74F0FF0DFAA8FF58" box="[1194,1292,151,177]" degrees="43.62" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="303" precision="555" value="43.62">43.62 °E</geoCoordinate>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFA8FFAC7543FF0DFEE2FF3C" author="Huber, B. A. &amp; El Hennawy, H." pageId="13" pageNumber="303" pagination="45 - 53" refId="ref18858" refString="Huber, B. A. &amp; El Hennawy, H. (2007) On Old World ninetine spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae), with a new genus and species and the first record for Madagascar. Zootaxa, 1635 (1), 45 - 53. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1635.1.3" type="journal article" year="2007">Huber &amp; El Hennawy 2007</bibRefCitation>
); the correct coordinates are probably close to ~ 
<geoCoordinate id="EE045038FFA8FFAC730FFF21FC1AFF3C" box="[853,958,187,213]" degrees="22.62" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="303" precision="555" value="22.62">22.62 °N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE045038FFA8FFAC7393FF20FB89FF3C" box="[969,1069,186,213]" degrees="45.36" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="303" precision="555" value="45.36">45.36 °E</geoCoordinate>
. Finally, there is a discrepancy in the literature concerning the locality Hossere Gare in 
<collectingCountry id="F327766FFFA8FFAC72B6FF45FCC0FF10" box="[748,868,223,249]" name="Cameroon" pageId="13" pageNumber="303">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
. Huber 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA8FFAC73E1FF45FC57FF10" box="[955,1011,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="303">et al.</emphasis>
(2014) used 
<geoCoordinate id="EE045038FFA8FFAC74DFFF44FB7AFF10" box="[1157,1246,222,249]" degrees="8.50" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="303" precision="555" value="8.5">8.50 °N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE045038FFA8FFAC74B3FF45FAEFFF10" box="[1257,1355,223,249]" degrees="13.13" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="303" precision="555" value="13.13">13.13 °E</geoCoordinate>
(for 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA8FFAC75D9FF45FF61FEF4" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2014" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="faro">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA8FFAC75D9FF45FF61FEF4" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="303">N. faro</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), while 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFA8FFAC7179FE99FDD3FEF4" author="Logunov, D. V. &amp; Azarkina, G. N." box="[291,631,259,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="303" pagination="1 - 126" refId="ref19896" refString="Logunov, D. V. &amp; Azarkina, G. N. (2018) Redefinition and partial revision of the genus Stenaelurillus Simon, 1886 (Arachnida, Araneae, Salticidae). European Journal of Taxonomy, 430, 1 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2018.430" type="journal article" year="2018">Logunov and Azarkina (2018)</bibRefCitation>
used 
<geoCoordinate id="EE045038FFA8FFAC72E3FE99FCB0FEF4" box="[697,788,259,285]" degrees="9.18" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="303" precision="555" value="9.18">9.18 °N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE045038FFA8FFAC737AFE99FC27FEF4" box="[800,899,259,285]" degrees="13.82" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="303" precision="555" value="13.82">13.82 °E</geoCoordinate>
(for jumping spiders originating from the same collecting event). The precise coordinates are 
<geoCoordinate id="EE045038FFA8FFAC72C0FEBCFCA6FEA8" box="[666,770,294,321]" degrees="8.502" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="303" precision="55" value="8.502">8.502 °N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE045038FFA8FFAC7354FEBDFCDAFEA8" box="[782,894,295,321]" degrees="13.138" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="303" precision="55" value="13.138">13.138 °E</geoCoordinate>
(R. Jocqué pers. comm., 
<date id="FF8E103FFFA8FFAC74C1FEBDFA96FEA8" box="[1179,1330,295,321]" pageId="13" pageNumber="303" value="2024-04-18">18 Apr. 2024</date>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF4F6677FFA8FFAC70CDF97DFC28F8AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596067" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14596067" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596067/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="303" startId="13.[151,250,1767,1791]" targetBox="[151,1436,345,1744]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8F36FFFFA8FFAC70CDF97DFC28F8AE" blockId="13.[151,1437,1767,1864]" pageId="13" pageNumber="303">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA8FFAC70CDF97DFEB2F8E9" bold="true" box="[151,278,1767,1792]" pageId="13" pageNumber="303">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFA8FFAC717AF972FDD8F8E9" authority="Simon, 1890" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[288,636,1768,1792]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subtilissima">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA8FFAC717AF972FE4EF8E9" box="[288,490,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="303">Ninetis subtilissima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFA8FFAC71AEF972FDD8F8E9" author="Simon, E." box="[500,636,1768,1792]" pageId="13" pageNumber="303" pagination="77 - 124" refId="ref20177" refString="Simon, E. (1890) Etude sur les arachnides de l'Yemen. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 6, 77 - 124." type="journal article" year="1890">Simon, 1890</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; females from Oman, Wadi Tiwi (A–E; ZFMK Ar 24405) and Oman, Wadi Ghul (F–J; ZFMK Ar 24403). 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA8FFAC7196F891FE5AF8CD" bold="true" box="[460,510,1803,1828]" pageId="13" pageNumber="303">A, F.</emphasis>
Epigyna, ventral views. 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA8FFAC72A1F896FCD7F8CA" bold="true" box="[763,883,1803,1828]" pageId="13" pageNumber="303">B–C, G–H.</emphasis>
Cleared genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFA8FFAC756CF896FA39F8CD" bold="true" box="[1334,1437,1804,1828]" pageId="13" pageNumber="303">D–E, I–J.</emphasis>
Internal transversal sclerites at higher magnifications. Scale lines: 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4F6677FFABFFAF70CDF8DDFA94F822" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14596069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596069/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="304" startId="14.[151,250,1863,1887]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1839]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8F36FFFFABFFAF70CDF8DDFA94F822" blockId="14.[151,1437,1863,1996]" pageId="14" pageNumber="304">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFABFFAF70CDF8DDFE84F8B6" bold="true" box="[151,288,1863,1887]" pageId="14" pageNumber="304">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFABFFAF717CF8D2FDDDF8B6" authority="Simon, 1890" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[294,633,1863,1887]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subtilissima">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFABFFAF717CF8D2FE49F8B6" box="[294,493,1863,1887]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="304">Ninetis subtilissima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFABFFAF71AEF8DDFDDDF8B6" author="Simon, E." box="[500,633,1863,1887]" pageId="14" pageNumber="304" pagination="77 - 124" refId="ref20177" refString="Simon, E. (1890) Etude sur les arachnides de l'Yemen. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 6, 77 - 124." type="journal article" year="1890">Simon, 1890</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; from Oman, Wadi Tiwi (ZFMK Ar 24405). 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFABFFAF7465F8DDFBD1F8B6" bold="true" box="[1087,1141,1863,1887]" pageId="14" pageNumber="304">A, B.</emphasis>
Male and female prosomata, dorsal views. 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFABFFAF7178F8F1FEFDF86A" bold="true" box="[290,345,1899,1923]" pageId="14" pageNumber="304">C, D.</emphasis>
Male and female chelicerae, oblique frontal views. 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFABFFAF7339F8F1FCDEF86A" bold="true" box="[867,890,1899,1923]" pageId="14" pageNumber="304">E.</emphasis>
Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFABFFAF7549F8F1FA82F86A" bold="true" box="[1299,1318,1899,1923]" pageId="14" pageNumber="304">F.</emphasis>
Epigynum, ventral view; arrow points at process with pocket. 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFABFFAF72F6F815FD4DF84E" bold="true" box="[684,745,1935,1959]" pageId="14" pageNumber="304">G, H.</emphasis>
Left female spinnerets and right female ALS. Abbreviations: aep, anterior epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale lines: 100 µm (A, B, F), 20 µm (C, D), 10 µm (E, G, H).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4F6677FFAAFFAE70CDF8AAFBD9F830" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596071" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14596071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596071/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="305" startId="15.[151,250,1840,1864]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1816]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8F36FFFFAAFFAE70CDF8AAFBD9F830" blockId="15.[151,1436,1840,2009]" pageId="15" pageNumber="305">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFAAFFAE70CDF8AAFEBBF8A1" bold="true" box="[151,287,1840,1864]" pageId="15" pageNumber="305">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFAAFFAE717FF8ABFDDDF8A0" authority="Simon, 1890" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[293,633,1840,1865]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subtilissima">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFAAFFAE717FF8ABFE49F8A1" box="[293,493,1840,1864]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="305">Ninetis subtilissima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFAAFFAE71AEF8AAFDDDF8A0" author="Simon, E." box="[500,633,1840,1865]" pageId="15" pageNumber="305" pagination="77 - 124" refId="ref20177" refString="Simon, E. (1890) Etude sur les arachnides de l'Yemen. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 6, 77 - 124." type="journal article" year="1890">Simon, 1890</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; from Oman, Wadi Tiwi (ZFMK Ar 24405). 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFAAFFAE741AF8AAFBD3F8A0" bold="true" box="[1088,1143,1840,1865]" pageId="15" pageNumber="305">A, B.</emphasis>
Right male palp, retrolateral and retrolateral-dorsal views. 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFAAFFAE7194F8CEFDADF884" bold="true" box="[462,521,1876,1901]" pageId="15" pageNumber="305">C, D.</emphasis>
Left male palp, prolateral and prolateral-dorsal views. 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFAAFFAE7414F8CFFBC1F884" bold="true" box="[1102,1125,1877,1901]" pageId="15" pageNumber="305">E.</emphasis>
Left male palpal tarsal organ (arrow). 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFAAFFAE70AAF8E3FEA7F878" bold="true" box="[240,259,1913,1937]" pageId="15" pageNumber="305">F.</emphasis>
Female left femur 3, retrolateral-ventral view, showing cuticular plates (arrows). 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFAAFFAE741AF8E2FBFFF879" bold="true" box="[1088,1115,1912,1936]" pageId="15" pageNumber="305">G.</emphasis>
Male right metatarsus 2, dorsal view, showing rimmed pore (arrow). 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFAAFFAE7255F807FD8DF85C" bold="true" box="[527,553,1949,1973]" pageId="15" pageNumber="305">H.</emphasis>
Trichobothrium on female right metatarsus 4. Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; dp, dorsal process; pr, procursus; vp, ventral process. Scale lines: 100 µm (A–D), 10 µm (E, F, H), 2 µm (G).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4F6677FFB5FFB170CDF93BFD78F887" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596073" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14596073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596073/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="306" startId="16.[151,250,1697,1721]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1673]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8F36FFFFB5FFB170CDF93BFD78F887" blockId="16.[151,1437,1697,1902]" pageId="16" pageNumber="306">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB5FFB170CDF93BFE84F950" bold="true" box="[151,288,1697,1721]" pageId="16" pageNumber="306">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFB5FFB1717CF938FDDDF953" authority="Simon, 1890" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[294,633,1697,1722]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subtilissima">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB5FFB1717CF938FE4AF950" box="[294,494,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="306">Ninetis subtilissima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFB5FFB171AEF93BFDDDF953" author="Simon, E." box="[500,633,1697,1722]" pageId="16" pageNumber="306" pagination="77 - 124" refId="ref20177" refString="Simon, E. (1890) Etude sur les arachnides de l'Yemen. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 6, 77 - 124." type="journal article" year="1890">Simon, 1890</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; from Oman, Wadi Tiwi (ZFMK Ar 24405). 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB5FFB17465F93BFBFCF950" bold="true" box="[1087,1112,1697,1721]" pageId="16" pageNumber="306">A.</emphasis>
Thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on female right metatarsus 3, ventral-prolateral view. 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB5FFB172F9F95CFD1DF937" bold="true" box="[675,697,1734,1758]" pageId="16" pageNumber="306">B.</emphasis>
Thin metatarsal hair (arrow) on female left metatarsus 4, ventral-distal view. 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB5FFB17089F973FF4FF8E8" bold="true" box="[211,235,1769,1793]" pageId="16" pageNumber="306">C.</emphasis>
Putative chemoreceptor on male right tarsus 1, prolateral view. 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB5FFB17335F970FC2CF8EB" bold="true" box="[879,904,1770,1794]" pageId="16" pageNumber="306">D.</emphasis>
Sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs (arrows) and regular mechanoreceptors on male right tibia 1, prolateral view. 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB5FFB1737CF894FCF3F8CF" bold="true" box="[806,855,1806,1830]" pageId="16" pageNumber="306">E, F.</emphasis>
Tarsal organs (and neighboring slit sensilla) on left male tarsi 1 and 2, retrolateral-dorsal views. 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB5FFB1727AF8ABFD9FF8A0" bold="true" box="[544,571,1841,1865]" pageId="16" pageNumber="306">G.</emphasis>
Tip of female right tarsus 2, prolateral view. 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB5FFB173A5F8A8FBBDF8A3" bold="true" box="[1023,1049,1842,1866]" pageId="16" pageNumber="306">H.</emphasis>
Tip of female left tarsus 4, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 10 µm (A, B, D, G, H), 2 µm (C, E, F).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32A6574FFB4FFB0709DFF0CFC65FE61" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B8F36FFFFB4FFB0709DFF0CFC65FE61" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB0709DFF0CFE22FF59" bold="true" box="[199,390,150,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">Natural history.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFB4FFB071D4FF0DFE79FF59" box="[398,477,151,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB071D4FF0DFE79FF59" box="[398,477,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">Ninetis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spiders occupy a range of ground microhabitats in dry areas, such as leaf litter, dead branches and pieces of bark, and undersides of rocks (
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFB4FFB0734AFF20FCFCFF3C" box="[784,856,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-25@9.[151,1436,181,1734]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Typical habitats of Ninetis Simon on the Arabian Peninsula. A, B. Oman, Wadi Ghul and Wadi Tiwi (N. subtilissima Simon). C, D. Saudi Arabia, SW of Mecca and NW of Al Fatiha (N. amoud Huber sp. nov.). E, F. Oman, near Samail and near Al Hoota cave (N. samail Huber sp. nov.). G, H. Oman, near Marnif and Wadi Shalyon (N. marnif Huber sp. nov.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596059/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). The majority of specimens reported herein were collected by turning rocks, both in shaded habitats and in habitats fully exposed to the sun. Upon disturbance, the spiders tended to run rapidly, eventually dropping to the ground. No webs were seen in the field, but in collection vials, the spiders quickly built tiny webs (
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFB4FFB07232FEBCFD74FEA9" box="[616,720,294,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1230,1254]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1206]" captionTargetId="figure-17@26.[151,1436,181,1206]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 20. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov. A. Female in small web in collecting vial. B–H. Females with egg-sacs, ventral views, photographed through glass of collecting vial; from Saudi Arabia, E of Muhayil (B, D), NE of Wadi ‘Amoud (C, E), NE of Ghran (F, G), and SW of Mecca (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596092/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">Fig. 20A</figureCitation>
; also reported in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFB4FFB073D5FEBCFB13FEA9" author="Huber, B. A. &amp; van Harten, A." box="[911,1207,294,321]" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref18920" refString="Huber, B. A. &amp; van Harten, A. (2001) Ninetis subtilissima Simon, 1890 (Araneae: Pholcidae): Redescription and SEM ultrastructure. American Museum Novitates, 3336, 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2001) 336 &lt;0001: NSSAPR&gt; 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2001">Huber &amp; van Harten 2001</bibRefCitation>
). Egg sacs were flat, i.e. all eggs were arranged in a single layer, and usually contained five to 
<specimenCount id="9D36FD76FFB4FFB0739AFED1FB9DFE8C" box="[960,1081,331,357]" count="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" type="egg">seven eggs</specimenCount>
(
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFB4FFB07412FED0FB3FFE8D" box="[1096,1179,330,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1230,1254]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1206]" captionTargetId="figure-17@26.[151,1436,181,1206]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 20. Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov. A. Female in small web in collecting vial. B–H. Females with egg-sacs, ventral views, photographed through glass of collecting vial; from Saudi Arabia, E of Muhayil (B, D), NE of Wadi ‘Amoud (C, E), NE of Ghran (F, G), and SW of Mecca (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596092/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
); egg diameters ranged from 
<quantity id="4CC89B1AFFB4FFB0708FFEF4FE34FE60" box="[213,400,366,393]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="0.405" valueMax="0.44" valueMin="0.37">0.37 to 0.44 mm</quantity>
. For further data on individual species, see below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6574FFB4FFB0709DFE08FF6CFCB5" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8F36FFFFB4FFB0709DFE08FC39FD25" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB0709DFE08FED4FE45" bold="true" box="[199,368,402,428]" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">Relationships.</emphasis>
The molecular analysis of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFB4FFB072F5FE08FC36FE45" author="Eberle, J. &amp; Dimitrov, D. &amp; Valdez-Mondragon, A. &amp; Huber, B. A." box="[687,914,402,428]" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" refId="ref18529" refString="Eberle, J., Dimitrov, D., Valdez-Mondragon, A. &amp; Huber, B. A. (2018) Microhabitat change drives diversification in pholcid spiders. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 18, 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 018 - 1244 - 8" type="journal volume" year="2018">
Eberle 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB07358FE09FC99FE45" box="[770,829,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
suggested that 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFB4FFB07413FE09FB3CFE45" box="[1097,1176,403,428]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB07413FE09FB3CFE45" box="[1097,1176,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">Ninetis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sister to the Omani monotypic genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFB4FFB07139FE2DFDF2FE39" authority="Huber, 2019" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2019" box="[355,598,438,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Magana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB07139FE2DFE64FE39" box="[355,448,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">Magana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFB4FFB07193FE2CFDF2FE39" author="Huber, B. A. &amp; Carvalho, L. S." box="[457,598,438,464]" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref18799" refString="Huber, B. A. &amp; Carvalho, L. S. (2019) Filling the gaps: descriptions of unnamed species included in the latest molecular phylogeny of Pholcidae (Araneae). Zootaxa, 4546 (1), 1 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4546.1.1" type="journal article" year="2019">Huber, 2019</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(“Gen.n. Om6” in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFB4FFB0736FFE2CFBA7FE39" author="Eberle, J. &amp; Dimitrov, D. &amp; Valdez-Mondragon, A. &amp; Huber, B. A." box="[821,1027,438,464]" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" refId="ref18529" refString="Eberle, J., Dimitrov, D., Valdez-Mondragon, A. &amp; Huber, B. A. (2018) Microhabitat change drives diversification in pholcid spiders. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 18, 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 018 - 1244 - 8" type="journal volume" year="2018">
Eberle 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB073D2FE2DFC66FE39" box="[904,962,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
and in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFB4FFB07407FE2CFA8FFE39" author="Huber, B. A. &amp; Eberle, J. &amp; Dimitrov, D." box="[1117,1323,438,464]" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" pagination="51 - 101" refId="ref19105" refString="Huber, B. A., Eberle, J. &amp; Dimitrov, D. (2018) The phylogeny of pholcid spiders: a critical evaluation of relationships suggested by molecular data (Araneae, Pholcidae). ZooKeys, 789, 51 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 789.22781" type="journal article" year="2018">
Huber 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB074F6FE2DFB42FE39" box="[1196,1254,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
), and that these two genera are nested within a clade of South American 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFB4FFB0731CFE40FC13FE1D" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[838,951,474,500]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ninetinae">Ninetinae</taxonomicName>
. The closest relative of 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFB4FFB074E1FE41FAAEFE1D" box="[1211,1290,475,500]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB074E1FE41FAAEFE1D" box="[1211,1290,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">Ninetis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFB4FFB07565FE41FA38FE1D" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2019" box="[1343,1436,475,500]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Magana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB07565FE41FA38FE1D" box="[1343,1436,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">Magana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
among South American 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFB4FFB071F6FE64FDBDFDF1" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[428,537,510,536]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ninetinae">Ninetinae</taxonomicName>
was the Brazilian monotypic genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFB4FFB073E6FE65FAECFDF1" authority="Huber &amp; Carvalho, 2022" authorityName="Huber &amp; Carvalho" authorityYear="2022" box="[956,1352,510,536]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pinoquio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB073E6FE65FB87FDF1" box="[956,1059,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">Pinoquio</emphasis>
Huber &amp; Carvalho, 2022
</taxonomicName>
(“Gen. n. Br15-159” in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFB4FFB0710BFDB8FDBEFDD5" author="Eberle, J. &amp; Dimitrov, D. &amp; Valdez-Mondragon, A. &amp; Huber, B. A." box="[337,538,546,572]" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" refId="ref18529" refString="Eberle, J., Dimitrov, D., Valdez-Mondragon, A. &amp; Huber, B. A. (2018) Microhabitat change drives diversification in pholcid spiders. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 18, 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 018 - 1244 - 8" type="journal volume" year="2018">
Eberle 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB071F8FDB9FE7FFDD5" box="[418,475,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
and in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B0EFFB4FFB0722AFDB8FC9FFDD5" author="Huber, B. A. &amp; Eberle, J. &amp; Dimitrov, D." box="[624,827,546,572]" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" pagination="51 - 101" refId="ref19105" refString="Huber, B. A., Eberle, J. &amp; Dimitrov, D. (2018) The phylogeny of pholcid spiders: a critical evaluation of relationships suggested by molecular data (Araneae, Pholcidae). ZooKeys, 789, 51 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 789.22781" type="journal article" year="2018">
Huber 
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB072E4FDB9FD53FDD5" box="[702,759,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
); sister to this clade was 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFB4FFB0740CFDB8FB16FDD5" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[1110,1202,546,572]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Nerudia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB0740CFDB8FB16FDD5" box="[1110,1202,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">Nerudia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+ 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFB4FFB0748BFDB8FAF1FDD5" authorityName="Brignoli" authorityYear="1981" box="[1233,1365,546,572]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Gertschiola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB0748BFDB8FAF1FDD5" box="[1233,1365,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">Gertschiola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. UCE data (G. Meng, D. Dimitrov, B.A. Huber, L. Podsiadlowski, unpublished data) support these results from Sanger sequencing. These unpublished UCE data also include two of the newly described species below (
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFB4FFB0755EFDF1FAD6FD6D" authorityName="Huber &amp; Meng" authorityYear="2025" box="[1284,1394,618,644]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marnif" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB0755EFDF1FAD6FD6D" box="[1284,1394,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">N. marnif</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB07521FDF0FF6CFD41" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775796FFB4FFB07521FDF0FF6CFD41" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFB4FFB0708CFD15FEE5FD41" authorityName="Huber &amp; Meng" authorityYear="2025" box="[214,321,654,680]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samail" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB0708CFD15FEE5FD41" box="[214,321,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">N. samail</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB07112FD14FE04FD41" bold="true" box="[328,416,654,680]" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775796FFB4FFB07112FD14FE04FD41" box="[328,416,654,680]" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
), and they support their assignment to 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFB4FFB0730BFD15FC04FD41" box="[849,928,655,680]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB0730BFD15FC04FD41" box="[849,928,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">Ninetis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This is in contrast to our NJ tree (
<figureCitation id="130B2A7AFFB4FFB0757AFD14FAC5FD41" box="[1312,1377,654,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,862,886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,185,835]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[151,1435,181,839]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Neighbor-joining tree of all analyzed CO1 sequences using the Kimura 2-parameter model; numbers on the branches are bootstrap supports from 5000 replications (%). Live spider: Ninetis amoud Huber sp. nov.; male from Saudi Arabia, Jizan, NE of Wadi ‘Amoud." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14596049/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), but this tree is not expected to reliably reflect phylogenetic relationships.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36FFFFB4FFB0709DFD4CFF6CFCB5" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">
Relationships within 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFB4FFB071E0FD4DFDADFD19" box="[442,521,727,752]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB071E0FD4DFDADFD19" box="[442,521,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">Ninetis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remain largely unstudied; no sequences are available for African and Malagasy taxa. Morphologically, the 
<typeStatus id="548B885DFFB4FFB07191FD61FE5FFCFC" box="[459,507,763,789]" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">type</typeStatus>
species 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFB4FFB07207FD61FCA1FCFD" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[605,773,762,788]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subtilissima">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB07207FD61FCA1FCFD" box="[605,773,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">N. subtilissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears much more similar to African and Malagasy taxa (and to the Saudi Arabian 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFB4FFB0719BFC85FD8AFCD1" authorityName="Huber &amp; Meng" authorityYear="2025" box="[449,558,798,824]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoud" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB0719BFC85FD8AFCD1" box="[449,558,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">N. amoud</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB0726CFC84FD35FCD1" bold="true" box="[566,657,798,824]" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775796FFB4FFB0726CFC84FD35FCD1" box="[566,657,798,824]" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
) than to the two Omani 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775796FFB4FFB073FDFC84FBBEFCD1" box="[935,1050,798,824]" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" rank="species">
species 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFB4FFB0745AFC85FBBEFCD1" authorityName="Huber &amp; Meng" authorityYear="2025" box="[1024,1050,799,824]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samail" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB0745AFC85FBBEFCD1" box="[1024,1050,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">N.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB07478FC84FBC9FCD1" box="[1058,1133,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">samail</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB0742EFC84FB6BFCD1" bold="true" box="[1140,1231,798,824]" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775796FFB4FFB0742EFC84FB6BFCD1" box="[1140,1231,798,824]" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7CFFB4FFB0755DFC85FAD7FCD1" authorityName="Huber &amp; Meng" authorityYear="2025" box="[1287,1395,798,824]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Ninetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marnif" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB0755DFC85FAD7FCD1" box="[1287,1395,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">N. marnif</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB07521FC84FF6CFCB5" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775796FFB4FFB07521FC84FF6CFCB5" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6574FFB4FFB0709DFCFCFF49FC04" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8F36FFFFB4FFB0709DFCFCFF49FC04" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="B944EAEDFFB4FFB0709DFCFCFEFBFC69" bold="true" box="[199,351,870,896]" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">Composition</emphasis>
. The genus now includes nine described species. Females of two possible further species are available in collections: 
<materialsCitation id="3B583CA2FFB4FFB071F8FC11FE1DFC21" collectionCode="CAS" country="Madagascar" county="The" latitude="-21.2633" location="Ranomafana National Park" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="47.41932" municipality="Talatakely" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">
<specimenCount id="9D36FD76FFB4FFB071F8FC11FDBFFC4D" box="[418,539,906,933]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F327766FFFB4FFB07201FC10FD40FC4D" box="[603,740,906,932]" name="Madagascar" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49F4F81DFFB4FFB072B7FC10FCDBFC4D" box="[749,895,906,932]" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">Fianarantsoa</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="8EEF6024FFB4FFB073D2FC10FB12FC4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039987E9FFA3FFB070CDFEBDFF49FC04:8EEF6024FFB4FFB073D2FC10FB12FC4D" box="[904,1206,906,932]" country="Madagascar" county="The" latitude="-21.2633" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="47.41932" municipality="Talatakely" name="Ranomafana National Park" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">Ranomafana National Park</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEBAC85FFB4FFB074E5FC10FA97FC4D" box="[1215,1331,906,932]" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">Talatakely</collectingMunicipality>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE045038FFB4FFB07565FC10FF17FC21" degrees="21.2633" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" precision="5" value="-21.2633">21.2633 °S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE045038FFB4FFB0709BFC34FEF4FC21" box="[193,336,942,968]" degrees="47.41932" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" precision="1" value="47.41932">47.41932 °E</geoCoordinate>
) in 
<collectionCode id="ED21AE3AFFB4FFB07125FC34FE1DFC21" box="[383,441,942,968]" collectionName="USA, California, San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" type="Museum">CAS</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B583CA2FFB4FFB0719CFC34FF4DFC04" collectionCode="ZFMK" country="Saudi Arabia" latitude="22.0488" location="Ghran" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="39.4744" municipality="Ghran" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Mecca">
and 
<specimenCount id="9D36FD76FFB4FFB071ACFC35FDD7FC21" box="[502,627,942,969]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F327766FFFB4FFB072E1FC34FCF4FC21" box="[699,848,942,968]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49F4F81DFFB4FFB07307FC35FC0FFC20" box="[861,939,943,969]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="Makkah" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">Mecca</collectingRegion>
, NE of 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEBAC85FFB4FFB0745EFC34FBEEFC21" box="[1028,1098,942,968]" pageId="17" pageNumber="307">Ghran</collectingMunicipality>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE045038FFB4FFB07400FC34FB45FC21" box="[1114,1249,942,968]" degrees="22.0488" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" precision="5" value="22.0488">22.0488 °N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE045038FFB4FFB074B4FC34FAD4FC21" box="[1262,1392,942,968]" degrees="39.4744" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" precision="5" value="39.4744">39.4744 °E</geoCoordinate>
), in 
<collectionCode id="ED21AE3AFFB4FFB070CDFC49FF4DFC04" box="[151,233,979,1005]" collectionName="Germany, Bonn, Zoologische Forschungsinstitut und Museum &quot;Alexander Koenig&quot;" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="17" pageNumber="307" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>