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<document id="CF579F152EDED39D15DC0A17BD1CCFAB" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab047" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10115063" ID-ZooBank="6144DD31-0F7B-4589-86A3-F40994452C9" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1647258298750" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ward, Philip S. &amp; Blaimer, Bonnie B." docDate="2022" docId="039987E6FFF5FFDAFEBB7B38FF71640D" docLanguage="en" docName="zlab047.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Crematogaster (Orthocrema)" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="903" masterDocId="FFA0FF9EFFFCFFD0FFA37D60FFAE6621" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy in the phylogenomic era: species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships among North American ants of the Crematogaster scutellaris group (Formicidae: Hymenoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="937" masterPageNumber="893" pageNumber="902" updateTime="1699759657747" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="51F7C539520F47D3C19EFC819190EAEE" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="B80B000CB2C17F196C1FE8AFD6D93FC3">Taxonomy in the phylogenomic era: species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships among North American ants of the Crematogaster scutellaris group (Formicidae: Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="49035DC83B55FDCE9808BE6E1FA9E06D">Ward, Philip S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="731489EF65F9B67E3AEF92284D87B093">Blaimer, Bonnie B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="088D5952FDB61C67B3B06C8EEA7D1EB9">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B6DB00D77BB0482302C176558E84E72A">2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="1E05762149B29994443D6540235098EB" type="volume">
<mods:number id="DBEEA8A99F12D3CE93A447733CFE27F3">194</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="439C5CC8B1DBF378D5563A0DEBFEA516">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="226A054999666358C38E45A47348F80E" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab047</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BB5E9F89D01D4CECF38DBD9361E29779" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="05278F4F4C2C9C519AA2805D21DCB471" type="Zenodo-Dep">10115063</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039987E6FFF5FFDAFEBB7B38FF71640D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039987E6FFF5FFDAFEBB7B38FF71640D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039987E6FFF5FFDAFEBB7B38FF71640D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="903" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">
<subSubSection id="C32A657BFFF5FFD9FEBB7B38FE616084" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8F36F0FFF5FFD9FEBB7B38FD3B604E" blockId="9.[280,661,1624,1647]" box="[280,661,1624,1647]" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">
<heading id="D0C7819CFFF5FFD9FEBB7B38FD3B604E" box="[280,661,1624,1647]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FEBB7B38FD3B604E" authority="" box="[280,661,1624,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="903" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Orthocrema">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FEBB7B38FD3B604E" box="[280,661,1624,1647]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">CREMATOGASTER (ORTHOCREMA)</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36F0FFF5FFD9FF007BF0FE616084" blockId="9.[163,779,1680,1886]" box="[163,463,1680,1701]" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FF007BF0FEBA6084" box="[163,276,1680,1701]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. corvina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B01FFF5FFD9FEB87BF0FE616084" author="Mayr G" box="[283,463,1680,1701]" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" pagination="939 - 996" refId="ref36481" refString="Mayr G. 1870. Neue Formiciden. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 20: 939 - 996." type="journal article" year="1870">Mayr, 1870: 994</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A657BFFF5FFDAFF007BCFFF71640D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="903" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8F36F0FFF5FFD9FF007BCFFE6F60C2" blockId="9.[163,779,1680,1886]" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FF007BCFFEBD60E5" box="[163,275,1711,1732]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. crinosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B01FFF5FFD9FEB97BCFFE6160E5" author="Mayr G" box="[282,463,1710,1732]" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" pagination="649 - 776" refId="ref36460" refString="Mayr G. 1862. Myrmecologische Studien. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 12: 649 - 776." type="journal article" year="1862">Mayr, 1862: 767</bibRefCitation>
(for list of junior synonyms see
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B01FFF5FFD9FF537BADFE1760C2" author="Longino JT" box="[240,441,1741,1763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref36300" refString="Longino JT. 2003. The Crematogaster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 151: 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="2003">Longino, 2003: 49</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36F0FFF5FFD9FF007B8CFDA46123" blockId="9.[163,779,1680,1886]" box="[163,522,1772,1794]" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FF007B8CFEE16120" box="[163,335,1772,1793]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. minutissima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B01FFF5FFD9FEF57B8CFDA46123" author="Mayr G" box="[342,522,1772,1794]" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" pagination="939 - 996" refId="ref36481" refString="Mayr G. 1870. Neue Formiciden. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 20: 939 - 996." type="journal article" year="1870">Mayr, 1870: 995</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36F0FFF5FFD9FF007A6BFD8A6101" blockId="9.[163,779,1680,1886]" box="[163,548,1802,1824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FF007A6BFEF56101" box="[163,347,1803,1824]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. missouriensis</emphasis>
Emery, 1895: 287
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36F0FFF5FFD9FF667A4AFD64617F" blockId="9.[163,779,1680,1886]" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">
=
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FF437A49FE56611F" box="[224,504,1833,1855]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. minutissima smithi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B01FFF5FFD9FDA77A49FCA7611E" author="Creighton WS" box="[516,777,1833,1855]" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" pagination="1 - 585" refId="ref35054" refString="Creighton WS. 1950. The ants of North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 104: 1 - 585." type="journal article" year="1950">Creighton, 1950: 205</bibRefCitation>
(synonymy by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B01FFF5FFD9FE2F7A28FD6C617F" author="Shattuck S &amp; Cover SP" box="[396,706,1864,1886]" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" pagination="10 - 22" refId="ref37152" refString="Shattuck S, Cover SP. 2016. Taxonomy of some littleunderstood North American ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 4175: 10 - 22." type="journal article" year="2016">Shattuck &amp; Cover, 2016: 15</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36F0FFF5FFD9FC987DA5FAAC6793" blockId="9.[827,1443,197,434]" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FC987DA5FC6966FB" box="[827,967,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. obscurata</emphasis>
Emery, 1895: 287 =
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FCD47D84FC4666D8" box="[887,1000,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. agnita</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B01FFF5FFD9FC517D84FB4266DB" author="Wheeler WM" box="[1010,1260,228,250]" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" pagination="157 - 240" refId="ref37819" refString="Wheeler WM. 1934 b. Neotropical ants collected by Dr. Elisabeth Skwarra and others. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 77: 157 - 240." type="journal article" year="1934">Wheeler, 1934b: 175</bibRefCitation>
(synonymy by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B01FFF5FFD9FC237C62FBE66738" author="Longino JT" box="[896,1096,258,281]" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref36300" refString="Longino JT. 2003. The Crematogaster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 151: 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="2003">Longino, 2003: 97</bibRefCitation>
)
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FC987C41FC336716" box="[827,925,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. torosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B01FFF5FFD9FC077C42FBF66717" author="Mayr G" box="[932,1112,289,311]" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" pagination="939 - 996" refId="ref36481" refString="Mayr G. 1870. Neue Formiciden. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 20: 939 - 996." type="journal article" year="1870">Mayr, 1870: 404</bibRefCitation>
=
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FCD77C20FBB86774" box="[884,1046,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. arizonensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B01FFF5FFD9FBBE7C20FB546774" author="Wheeler WM" box="[1053,1274,320,342]" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" pagination="399 - 485" refId="ref37658" refString="Wheeler WM. 1908. The ants of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. (Part I.). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 24: 399 - 485." type="journal article" year="1908">Wheeler, 1908: 482</bibRefCitation>
(synonymy by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B01FFF5FFD9FC237C3EFBF86754" author="Longino JT" box="[896,1110,350,373]" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref36300" refString="Longino JT. 2003. The Crematogaster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 151: 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="2003">Longino, 2003: 120</bibRefCitation>
) =
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FCDA7C1DFB7D67B3" box="[889,1235,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. brevispinosa tumulifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B01FFF5FFD9FB437C1DFA0D67B3" author="Forel A" box="[1248,1443,381,403]" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" pagination="81 - 104" refId="ref35551" refString="Forel A. 1899. Formicidae. [part]. Biologia Centrali-Americana Hymenoptera 3: 81 - 104." type="journal article" year="1899">Forel, 1899: 84</bibRefCitation>
(synonymy by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B01FFF5FFD9FB877CFCFB556793" author="Longino JT" box="[1060,1275,412,434]" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref36300" refString="Longino JT. 2003. The Crematogaster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 151: 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="2003">Longino, 2003: 120</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36F0FFF5FFD9FC987CABFC4564F7" blockId="9.[827,1444,458,940]" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">
From the preceding list, the
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FB2D7CABFA9467C1" authorityName="Lund" authorityYear="1831" box="[1166,1338,459,480]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FB2D7CABFA9467C1" box="[1166,1338,459,480]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">Crematogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fauna of the
<collectingCountry id="F3277660FFF5FFD9FCCB7C89FBA667DF" box="[872,1032,489,511]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">United States</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3277660FFF5FFD9FBE07C89FB3267DE" box="[1091,1180,489,511]" name="Canada" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">Canada</collectingCountry>
is seen to comprise 33 species: 27 species of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FB907F68FA30643C" authority="(Crematogaster)" box="[1075,1438,520,541]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Crematogaster">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FB907F68FB72643C" box="[1075,1244,520,541]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">Crematogaster</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FB487F68FA3A643C" box="[1259,1428,520,541]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">Crematogaster</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
, all members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FB9A7F47FB4E641A" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[1081,1248,550,572]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellaris">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FB9A7F47FB4E641A" box="[1081,1248,550,572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. scutellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, and six species of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FC0C7F25FB54647A" authority="" box="[943,1274,581,603]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Orthocrema">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FC0C7F25FBF6647B" box="[943,1112,581,602]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">Crematogaster</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FBC47F25FB5E647B" box="[1127,1264,581,602]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">Orthocrema</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
. An additional species in the
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FC5B7F04FB0E6458" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[1016,1184,612,633]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellaris">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FC5B7F04FB0E6458" box="[1016,1184,612,633]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. scutellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, of uncertain identity, occurs in southern Arizona. It is referred to as
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FCDD7FC1FBF66496" box="[894,1112,673,695]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FCDD7FC1FB836497" box="[894,1069,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">Crematogaster</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FBC37FC1FB666496" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1870" box="[1120,1224,673,695]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opaca">
cf.
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FB207FC2FB666496" box="[1155,1224,674,695]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">opaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the key and in remarks below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36F0FFF5FFD9FCF07FBEFB21658D" blockId="9.[827,1444,458,940]" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">
The following
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FBB37FBFFA0D64D5" authority="(Crematogaster)" box="[1040,1443,734,756]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Crematogaster">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FBB37FBFFB6764D5" box="[1040,1225,735,756]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">Crematogaster</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FB437FBFFA3764D5" box="[1248,1433,735,756]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">Crematogaster</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
taxa are treated in individual species accounts after the key:
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FC467E7CFB436510" authorityName="Buren" authorityYear="1968" box="[997,1261,796,817]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="browni">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FC467E7CFB436510" box="[997,1261,796,817]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">Crematogaster browni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FB5E7E7CFA326510" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1919" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[1277,1436,796,817]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FB5E7E7CFA326510" box="[1277,1436,796,817]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. californica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FC987E5BFC74656E" box="[827,986,826,848]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cedrosensis">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FC987E5BFC74656E" box="[827,986,826,848]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. cedrosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FC447E5BFBE76571" baseAuthorityName="Fitch" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[999,1097,827,848]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerasi">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FC447E5BFBE76571" box="[999,1097,827,848]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. cerasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FBF57E5BFB09656E" authorityName="Buren" authorityYear="1968" box="[1110,1191,826,848]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colei">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FBF57E5BFB09656E" box="[1110,1191,826,848]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. colei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FB167E5BFA8F656E" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1919" box="[1205,1313,826,848]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depilis">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FB167E5BFA8F656E" box="[1205,1313,826,848]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. depilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FA8D7E5BFA32656E" authorityName="Ward &amp; Blaimer" authorityYear="2022" box="[1326,1436,826,848]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="detecta">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FA8D7E5BFA32656E" box="[1326,1436,826,848]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. detecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FC987E39FC00654F" authorityName="Buren" authorityYear="1968" box="[827,942,857,878]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hespera">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FC987E39FC00654F" box="[827,942,857,878]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. hespera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FC197E39FB88654F" authorityName="Buren" authorityYear="1968" box="[954,1062,857,878]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larreae">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FC197E39FB88654F" box="[954,1062,857,878]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. larreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FB917E39FB07654E" authorityName="Buren" authorityYear="1968" box="[1074,1193,857,879]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marioni">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FB917E39FB07654E" box="[1074,1193,857,879]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. marioni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FB177E39FABD654E" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1870" box="[1204,1299,857,879]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opaca">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FB177E39FABD654E" box="[1204,1299,857,879]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. opaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FABD7E39FA33654E" authorityName="Buren" authorityYear="1968" box="[1310,1437,857,879]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opuntiae">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FABD7E39FA33654E" box="[1310,1437,857,879]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. opuntiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FC987E18FC4B65AC" authorityName="Ward &amp; Blaimer" authorityYear="2022" box="[827,997,888,909]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parapilosa">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FC987E18FC4B65AC" box="[827,997,888,909]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. parapilosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FC5A7E18FBC665AC" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1895" box="[1017,1128,888,909]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosa">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FC5A7E18FBC665AC" box="[1017,1128,888,909]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. pilosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FBD87E18FA8665AC" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1895" box="[1147,1320,888,909]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctulata">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FBD87E18FA8665AC" box="[1147,1320,888,909]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. punctulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FA9F7E18FA3565AC" authorityName="Buren" authorityYear="1968" box="[1340,1435,888,909]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rossi">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FA9F7E18FA3565AC" box="[1340,1435,888,909]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. rossi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FC987EF7FC4E658A" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1895" box="[827,992,918,940]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiculata">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FC987EF7FC4E658A" box="[827,992,918,940]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. vermiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FBBA7EF7FB21658D" box="[1049,1167,919,940]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. vetusta.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36F0FFF5FFD9FC9D7E83FA8E623B" blockId="9.[830,1439,995,1051]" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">
WORKER- BASED KEY TO SPECIES OF
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FB7A7E84FC79623B" authority="IN" authorityName="IN" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FB7A7E84FA3165DA" box="[1241,1439,996,1019]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">CREMATOGASTER</emphasis>
IN
</taxonomicName>
AMERICA NORTH OF
<collectingRegion id="49F4F812FFF5FFD9FB677962FA8E623B" box="[1220,1312,1026,1051]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">MEXICO</collectingRegion>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36F0FFF5FFD9FC98794AFBB9602D" blockId="9.[827,1443,1066,1886]" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">
This key is broadly based on
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B01FFF5FFD9FB1D794BFAC86261" author="Buren WF" box="[1214,1382,1066,1088]" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" pagination="91 - 121" refId="ref34863" refString="Buren WF. 1968. A review of the species of Crematogaster, sensu stricto, in North America (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Part II. Descriptions of new species. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society 3: 91 - 121." type="journal article" year="1968">Buren (1968)</bibRefCitation>
, but updated to incorporate recent discoveries and more quantitative measures of species differences. The user is cautioned that the species-level taxonomy of these ants has not been fully resolved, especially among the complex of species related to
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FBDD79A4FA0C62F8" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1919" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[1150,1442,1220,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FBDD79A4FA0C62F8" box="[1150,1442,1220,1241]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">Crematogaster californica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF5FFD9FCCC7983FC7262D6" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1919" box="[879,988,1250,1272]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="902" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depilis">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF5FFD9FCCC7983FC7262D6" box="[879,988,1250,1272]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">C. depilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and among taxa found in
<collectingCountry id="F3277660FFF5FFD9FAB97982FAC262D9" box="[1306,1388,1250,1272]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(the latter not treated here). In some couplets we have been forced to characterize species based on several features, no single one of which is diagnostic by itself. The second lug of such couplets is often of the form ‘without this combination of characters’, followed by a series of conditional statements. This makes the key somewhat cumbersome but we can find no other way to accurately account for the variation observed within and among species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36F0FFF5FFDAFCF07B76FD9D66DB" blockId="9.[827,1443,1066,1886]" lastBlockId="10.[145,762,197,618]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="903" pageId="9" pageNumber="902">Features of pilosity assume importance in many couplets, and they will be difficult or impossible to assess accurately in specimens that are badly worn or covered in glue. Use of soft (fluorescent) light and an effective specimen manipulator that permits viewing from all angles and with varying degrees of backlighting will greatly assist in discerning differences in pilosity and sculpture. Accurate linear measurements are also critical for identification of many of these species. Differences among species are sometimes less pronounced in the smallest workers, so if the choice exists, it is advisable to use the larger workers of a series for identification.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36F0FFF6FFDAFF0A7C63FF71640D" blockId="10.[145,762,197,618]" pageId="10" pageNumber="903">
To assist the user we provide images of some of the more salient morphological features that are cited in the key (
<figureCitation id="130B2A75FFF6FFDAFD687C41FF6A6774" captionStart="Figures 3–12" captionStartId="15.[163,258,1656,1678]" captionTargetBox="[331,1275,198,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-28@15.[328,1278,195,1616]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figures 3–12. Crematogaster worker features useful for identification. 3, petiole shape, dorsal view, C. lineolata (CASENT0863235) (3A) and C. torosa (CASENT0795540) (3B); 4, sculpture on declivitous face of propodeum, C. dentinodis (CASENT0863070) (4A) and C. depilis (CASENT0863478) (4B); 5, mesosomal pilosity, C. punctulata (CASENT0863277) (5A) and C.emeryana (CASENT0863099) (5B); 6, position and shape of propodeal spines, dorsal view, C.isolata (CASENT0863072) (6A) and C.pinicola (CASENT0882129) (6B); 7, petiole shape, dorsal view, C.mutans (CASENT0862488); 8, subpetiolar tooth, lateral view, C.mutans (CASENT0862488); 9, promesonotal sculpture, C.californica (CASENT0221085)(9A) and C.coarctata (CASENT0221962) (9B); 10, postpetiolar seta, C. browni (CASENT0863144) (10A) and C. cerasi (CASENT0795541) (10B); 11, cephalic pilosity, C. torosa (CASENT0795540) (11A) and C. missouriensis (CASENT0221041) (11B); 12, mesosomal profile, C. crinosa (CASENT0795543) (12A) and C. torosa (CASENT0863226) (12B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10115069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10115069/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="903">Figs 3–12</figureCitation>
), as well as standard views of the worker caste of each species in the
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFF6FFDAFE887C3FFE196752" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[299,439,350,372]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="903" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellaris">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFF6FFDAFE887C3FFE196752" box="[299,439,350,372]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="903">C. scutellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (
<figureCitation id="130B2A75FFF6FFDAFDA97C3EFD2F6755" box="[522,641,350,372]" captionStart-0="Figures13–18" captionStart-1="Figures 19–24" captionStart-2="Figures 25–30" captionStart-3="Figures 31–36" captionStart-4="Figures 37–39" captionStartId-0="17.[163,253,1676,1698]" captionStartId-1="20.[145,235,1606,1628]" captionStartId-2="23.[163,255,1630,1652]" captionStartId-3="28.[145,237,1668,1690]" captionStartId-4="30.[145,235,1209,1231]" captionTargetBox-0="[323,1281,198,1634]" captionTargetBox-1="[306,1264,198,1563]" captionTargetBox-2="[332,1274,204,1581]" captionTargetBox-3="[307,1263,197,1625]" captionTargetBox-4="[148,1425,198,1166]" captionTargetId-0="figure-28@17.[321,1284,195,1636]" captionTargetId-1="figure-25@20.[303,1266,195,1566]" captionTargetId-2="figure-28@23.[323,1283,195,1590]" captionTargetId-3="figure-24@28.[305,1265,195,1628]" captionTargetId-4="figure-301@30.[145,1428,195,1169]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="20" captionTargetPageId-2="23" captionTargetPageId-3="28" captionTargetPageId-4="30" captionText-0="Figures13–18. Crematogaster workers,showing lateral viewof body (A),full-faceview of head(B) and dorsalview ofbody (C). 13, C. dentinodis (CASENT0102830); 14. C. vetusta holotype (CASENT0863254); 15, C. navajoa worker (CASENT0064826); 16, C. punctulata lectotype (CASENT0923318); 17, C. isolata (CASENT0922731); 18, C. sp. cf. opaca (MCZENT00589113). Images courtesy of AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Jen Fogarty (13), Michele Esposito (14, 16), April Nobile (15), Wade Lee (17), Zachary Griebenow (18)." captionText-1="Figures 19–24. Crematogaster workers, showing lateral view of body (A), full-face view of head (B) and dorsal view of body (C). 19, C. mutans worker (CASENT0922736); 20, C. colei (CASENT0922726); 21, C. detecta holotype (CASENT0863461); 22, C. larreae paratype (CASENT0005943); 23, C. depilis (CASENT0005668); 24, C. californica lectotype (CASENT0923319). Images courtesy of AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Wade Lee (19, 20), Zachary Griebenow (21), April Nobile (22, 23), Michele Esposito (24)." captionText-2="Figures 25–30. Crematogaster workers, showing lateral view of body (A), full-face view of head (B) and dorsal view of body (C). 25, C. opuntiae (CASENT0922738); 26, C. marioni (CASENT0922734); 27, C. coarctata (CASENT0005667); 28, C. hespera holotype (USNMENT00529501); 29, C. browni (CASENT0922722); 30, C. emeryana (CASENT0922729). Images courtesy of AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Wade Lee (25, 26, 29, 30), April Nobile (27), Michele Esposito (28)." captionText-3="Figures 31–36. Crematogaster workers, showing lateral view of body (A), full-face view of head (B) and dorsal view of body (C). 31, C. cerasi lectotype (USNMENT00529078); 32, C. vermiculata (CASENT0914534); 33, C. rifelna holotype (LACMENT164556);34, C.ashmeadi (CASENT0922720); 35, C.pinicola (CASENT0172943); 36,C.pilosa(CASENT0914530). Images courtesy of AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Michele Esposito (31, 33), Zach (Ziv) Lieberman (32, 36), Wade Lee (34), April Nobile (35)." captionText-4="Figures 37–39. Crematogaster workers, showing lateral view of body (A), full-face view of head (B), and dorsal view of body (C). 37, C.parapilosa holotype (CASENT0863386); 38, C. laeviuscula (CASENT0104828); 39, C.lineolata (CASENT0922733). Images courtesy of AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Zachary Griebenow (37), April Nobile (338), Wade Lee (39)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10115071" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10115073" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10115075" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10115077" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10115079" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10115071/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10115073/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10115075/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10115077/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/10115079/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="903">Figs 13–39</figureCitation>
). However, images of single specimens do not provide information about the variability of each species. Linear measurements, ratios of measurements and setal counts more accurately capture such variation. Bivariate plots of these measurements can sometimes be helpful for distinguishing species (
<figureCitation id="130B2A75FFF6FFDAFD697C98FF7F640D" captionStart="Figures 40–47" captionStartId="31.[163,256,1667,1689]" captionTargetBox="[328,1278,197,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-28@31.[325,1281,195,1628]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figures 40–47. Bivariate plots of selected worker measurements in the Crematogaster scutellaris group. 40, PP-SL (postpetiole seta length) by HW (head width) in C. browni (N = 16) and C. cerasi (N = 17); 41, ED (eye diameter) by MtFL (metafemur length) in C. californica (N = 22) and C. coarctata (N = 21); 42, MtFL (metafemur length) by HW (head width) in C. californica (N = 22), C. colei (N = 12) and C. opuntiae (N = 10); 43, MtFL (metafemur length) by HW (head width) in C. depilis (N = 15), C. detecta (N = 11) and C. larreae (N = 5); 44, MtTL (metatibia length) by HW (head width) in C. depilis (N = 15), C. detecta (N = 11) and C. larreae (N = 5); 45, SPL (propodeal spine length) by HW (head width) in workers of C. hespera (N = 18), C. laeviuscula (N = 25) and C. parapilosa (N = 15); 46, SL (scape length) by HW (head width) in C. emeryana (N = 12) and C. marioni (N = 18); 47, SPTD (propodeal spine tip distance) by HW (head width) in C. lineolata (N = 26) and C. punctulata (N = 15)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10115081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10115081/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="903">Figs 40–47</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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