454 lines
54 KiB
XML
454 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="88C6BE44DA436BA49D1C4E1BB41ECA22" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4168.2.9" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4168.2.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7709e182-a95d-43a2-9ba8-747caeed3a62" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="262999" ID-ZooBank="C1C701D7-B409-43FB-BB36-78F880B8D178" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1473924640055" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Li, Shan, Konings, Adrianus F. & Stauffer, Jay R." docDate="2016" docId="0398977FFF8ACC08FF1EFF12EDBEE2DF" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4168.2.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4168 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tropheops kumwera Li, Konings & Stauffer, 2016, new species" docType="treatment" docUuid="7547CAE4-FA65-4675-8F1F-C7EFEF886748" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="364" masterDocId="FFA1EF07FF83CC03FF89FF8AEE28E52F" masterDocTitle="A Revision of the Pseudotropheus elongatus species group (Teleostei: Cichlidae) With Description of a New Genus and Seven New Species" masterLastPageNumber="381" masterPageNumber="353" pageNumber="362" updateTime="1698385919667" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="5002E3A870F06ECF88DD47B7243A529A">A Revision of the Pseudotropheus elongatus species group (Teleostei: Cichlidae) With Description of a New Genus and Seven New Species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C5B9997DA925AF4947DAD465E772CC6E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1C15DD1BE80E509280689FD7400DB90B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EA0351144C8B9FC60092ED7F1279E2C5">Li, Shan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6E094006703D6A2805996C6E95FDD8D0">Konings, Adrianus F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="712943F474D7124BEA454D98B44B0B93">Stauffer, Jay R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="CA840AD34B63F23E3D94CAB59E45A799">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B8D35E54E984687A19BA73317F7D9093">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="18544A93F30A5D6AD032E378730D6D6B">
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<mods:date id="224A5EE7B83E35AFFBD80883C3ED4DF0">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EDD0CF0E8054BBB1C0923E1D4170D8E5">4168</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="686C00969D74FF4B7581BB6ADCCC9B92">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C790D25952615660F923C25C98DC7F10" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4168.2.9</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0398977FFF8ACC08FF1EFF12EDBEE2DF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6059722" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124551809" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6059722" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7547CAE4-FA65-4675-8F1F-C7EFEF886748" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0398977FFF8ACC08FF1EFF12EDBEE2DF" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="364" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">
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<subSubSection id="C32B75E2FF8ACC0AFF1EFF12EF3AE5FC" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF8ACC0AFF1EFF12EC04E59D" blockId="9.[151,556,152,211]" box="[151,556,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">
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<heading id="D0C69105FF8ACC0AFF1EFF12EC04E59D" bold="true" box="[151,556,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF8ACC0AFF1EFF12EC04E59D" bold="true" box="[151,556,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">
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<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF8ACC0AFF1EFF12EFA6E59D" box="[151,398,152,178]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kumwera" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF8ACC0AFF1EFF12EFA6E59D" bold="true" box="[151,398,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">Tropheops kumwera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2764700FF8ACC0AFE15FF12EC04E59D" box="[412,556,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF8ACC0AFF1EFF30EF3AE5FC" blockId="9.[151,556,152,211]" box="[151,274,186,211]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">
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<figureCitation id="130A3AECFF8ACC0AFF1EFF30EEF0E5FC" box="[151,216,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1886,1908]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,655,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,615,1861]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tropheops kumwera. A. Holotype, PSU 12762, adult male, 66.8 mm SL, Boadzulu Island, Lake Malaŵi, Malaŵi, Africa; B. Male in breeding coloration (approx. 65 mm SL) at type locality; C. Female (approx. 55 mm SL) at type locality; D. Male in breeding coloration (approx. 63 mm SL) at Makokola Reef, Malaŵi; Male in breeding coloration (approx. 65 mm SL) at Tsano Rock, Malaŵi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263004/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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A–E
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32B75E2FF8ACC0AFF1EFE88ECB3E418" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF8ACC0AFF1EFE88ECB3E418" blockId="9.[151,742,258,311]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">
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<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF8ACC0AFF1EFE88EF8AE437" ID-CoL="6WHRB" box="[151,418,258,280]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
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<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF8ACC0AFF1EFE88EF8AE437" box="[151,418,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">Pseudotropheus elongatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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‘boadzulu’,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA05B98FF8ACC0AFDABFE88ECCEE437" author="Ribbink" box="[546,742,258,280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" refString="Ribbink, A. J., Marsh, B. A., Marsh, A. C., Ribbink, A. C. & Sharp, B. J. (1983) A preliminary survey of the cichlid fishes of rocky habitats in Lake Malawi. South African Journal of Zoology, 18 (3), 149 - 310. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 02541858.1983.11447831" type="journal article" year="1983">
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Ribbink
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||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF8ACC0AFDF3FE89EC85E437" box="[634,685,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">et al.</emphasis>
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1983
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</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF8ACC0AFF1EFEABEF29E418" ID-CoL="82YD" box="[151,257,289,311]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF8ACC0AFF1EFEABEF29E418" box="[151,257,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">Tropheops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. ‘
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF8ACC0AFEA7FEABEFBBE418" ID-CoL="6WHRB" box="[302,403,289,311]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">elongatus</taxonomicName>
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boadzulu’,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA05B98FF8ACC0AFD85FEABECB3E418" author="Konings" box="[524,667,289,311]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" refString="Konings, A. (2007) Malawi cichlids in their natural habitat. 4 th Edition. Cichlid Press, El Paso, Texas, 424 pp." type="book" year="2007">Konings 2007</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32B75E2FF8ACC0AFF1EFEEEED28E700" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF8ACC0AFF1EFEEEEC88E4B0" blockId="9.[151,1436,356,560]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">
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<materialsCitation id="3B592C34FF8ACC0AFF1EFEEEEC88E4B0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1311613293" collectingDate="1991-01-16" collectionCode="PSU" collectorName="J. R. Stauffer Jr." country="Malawi, Malawi" latitude="-14.250067" location="Boadzulu Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="35.143284" municipality="Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF8ACC0AFF1EFEEEEF23E452" bold="true" box="[151,267,356,381]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">
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<typeStatus id="548A98CBFF8ACC0AFF1EFEEEEF2EE452" box="[151,262,356,381]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED20BEACFF8ACC0AFE9FFEEEEF62E453" box="[278,330,356,380]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5mg9-yyc1" name="Portland State University, Vertebrate Biology Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">PSU</collectionCode>
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12762, adult male,
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SL,
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,
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,
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<location id="8EEE70B2FF8ACC0AFBA7FEEEEAC4E452" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398977FFF8ACC08FF1EFF12EDBEE2DF:8EEE70B2FF8ACC0AFBA7FEEEEAC4E452" box="[1070,1260,356,381]" country="Malawi, Malawi" latitude="-14.250067" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="35.143284" municipality="Africa" name="Boadzulu Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">Boadzulu Island</location>
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, Lake
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<collectingCountry id="F32666F9FF8ACC0AFAC9FEEEEEC7E48F" isEnumeration="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">Malaŵi, Malaŵi</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BEABC13FF8ACC0AFF73FE0DEF6DE48F" box="[250,325,391,416]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">Africa</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<date id="FF8F00A9FF8ACC0AFED9FE0DEFC8E48F" box="[336,480,391,416]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" value="1991-01-16">
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<collectingDate id="EFCBF941FF8ACC0AFED9FE0DEFC8E48F" box="[336,480,391,416]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" value="1991-01-16">16 Jan. 1991</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName id="26C443BFFF8ACC0AFE65FE02EC88E4B0" box="[492,672,391,416]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">J. R. Stauffer Jr.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF8ACC0AFF4EFE26ED28E700" blockId="9.[151,1436,356,560]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">
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<materialsCitation id="3B592C34FF8ACC0AFF4EFE26EA19E4EA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1311613294" box="[199,1073,428,453]" collectingDate="1991-01-16" collectionCode="PSU" collectorName="J. R. Stauffer Jr." country="Malawi, Malawi" latitude="-14.250067" location="Boadzulu Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="35.143284" municipality="Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" specimenCode="PSU 12763, 23" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF8ACC0AFF4EFE26EF6EE4EA" bold="true" box="[199,326,428,453]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">
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<typeStatus id="548A98CBFF8ACC0AFF4EFE26EF69E4EA" box="[199,321,428,453]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="DB978E12FF8ACC0AFEC7FE26EFD7E4EB" box="[334,511,428,453]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">
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<collectionCode id="ED20BEACFF8ACC0AFEC7FE26EFA9E4EB" box="[334,385,428,452]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5mg9-yyc1" name="Portland State University, Vertebrate Biology Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">PSU</collectionCode>
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12763, 23
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</specimenCode>
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, (52.0 mm–
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<quantity id="4CC98B8CFF8ACC0AFD03FE26ECC7E4EB" box="[650,751,428,453]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.05" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" unit="mm" value="70.5">70.5 mm</quantity>
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SL), same data as holotype
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="3B592C34FF8ACC0AFBB7FE26EE9CE723" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1311613299" collectingDate="2008-02-19" collectionCode="PSU" collectorName="J. R. Stauffer Jr." country="Malawi" county="Africa" latitude="-14.259483" location="Makokola Reef" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="35.12583" municipality="Lake Malawi" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" specimenCode="PSU 12764, 7" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCode id="DB978E12FF8ACC0AFBB7FE26EAC9E4EB" box="[1086,1249,428,453]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">
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<collectionCode id="ED20BEACFF8ACC0AFBB7FE26EA5AE4EB" box="[1086,1138,428,452]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5mg9-yyc1" name="Portland State University, Vertebrate Biology Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">PSU</collectionCode>
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||
12764, 7
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||
</specimenCode>
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||
, (
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<quantity id="4CC98B8CFF8ACC0AFB7FFE26EB76E4EA" box="[1270,1374,428,453]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.33" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" unit="mm" value="53.3">53.3 mm</quantity>
|
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–
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<quantity id="4CC98B8CFF8ACC0AFAE5FE26EEEBE4C8" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.99" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" unit="mm" value="69.9">69.9 mm</quantity>
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SL),
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0540AEFF8ACC0AFE8DFE5AEFB4E4C7" box="[260,412,463,488]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" precision="1" value="-14.259483">S 14°15.569’</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0540AEFF8ACC0AFE20FE5AEC1DE4C7" box="[425,565,463,488]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" precision="1" value="35.12583">E 35°7.550’</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<location id="8EEE70B2FF8ACC0AFDCBFE45ECDCE4C7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398977FFF8ACC08FF1EFF12EDBEE2DF:8EEE70B2FF8ACC0AFDCBFE45ECDCE4C7" box="[578,756,463,488]" country="Malawi" county="Africa" latitude="-14.259483" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="35.12583" municipality="Lake Malawi" name="Makokola Reef" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">Makokola Reef</location>
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,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEABC13FF8ACC0AFC89FE45EDB0E4C7" box="[768,920,463,488]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">Lake Malaŵi</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F32666F9FF8ACC0AFC2CFE45EDD5E4C7" box="[933,1021,463,488]" name="Malawi" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">Malaŵi</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="62EF5EE5FF8ACC0AFB83FE45EA7CE4C7" box="[1034,1108,463,488]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">Africa</collectingCounty>
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,
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<date id="FF8F00A9FF8ACC0AFBE8FE5AEAD2E4C7" box="[1121,1274,463,488]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" value="2008-02-19">
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<collectingDate id="EFCBF941FF8ACC0AFBE8FE5AEAD2E4C7" box="[1121,1274,463,488]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" value="2008-02-19">19 Feb. 2008</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName id="26C443BFFF8ACC0AFA8EFE5AEE9CE723" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">J. R. Stauffer Jr.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="3B592C34FF8ACC0AFF4AFE7EED28E700" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1311613300" collectingDate="2004-10-12" collectionCode="PSU" collectorName="A. F. Konings & J. R. Stauffer Jr." country="Malawi" county="Africa" latitude="-14.0412" location="Tsano Rock" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="34.9119" municipality="Lake Malawi" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" specimenCode="PSU 12765, 15" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCode id="DB978E12FF8ACC0AFF4AFE7EEF5FE722" box="[195,375,500,525]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED20BEACFF8ACC0AFF4AFE7EEEDEE723" box="[195,246,500,524]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5mg9-yyc1" name="Portland State University, Vertebrate Biology Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">PSU</collectionCode>
|
||
12765, 15
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
, (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC98B8CFF8ACC0AFE06FE7EEFD0E722" box="[399,504,500,525]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.59" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" unit="mm" value="55.9">55.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
–67.0 mm SL),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0540AEFF8ACC0AFD3DFE7EED69E723" box="[692,833,500,524]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" precision="1" value="-14.0412">S 14°2.472’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0540AEFF8ACC0AFCD9FE7FEDC3E722" box="[848,1003,500,525]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" precision="1" value="34.9119">E 34°54.714’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EEE70B2FF8ACC0AFC72FE7FEAAEE722" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398977FFF8ACC08FF1EFF12EDBEE2DF:8EEE70B2FF8ACC0AFC72FE7FEAAEE722" box="[1019,1158,500,525]" country="Malawi" county="Africa" latitude="-14.0412" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="34.9119" municipality="Lake Malawi" name="Tsano Rock" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">Tsano Rock</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEABC13FF8ACC0AFB1CFE7EEB18E722" box="[1173,1328,500,525]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">Lake Malaŵi</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32666F9FF8ACC0AFAC9FE7EEBB0E722" box="[1344,1432,500,525]" name="Malawi" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">Malaŵi</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62EF5EE5FF8ACC0AFF1EFD9DEECAE71F" box="[151,226,535,560]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">Africa</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF8F00A9FF8ACC0AFF65FD92EFA9E71F" box="[236,385,536,560]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" value="2004-10-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFCBF941FF8ACC0AFF65FD92EFA9E71F" box="[236,385,536,560]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" value="2004-10-12">12 Oct. 2004</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26C443BFFF8ACC0AFE05FD92EC00E71F" box="[396,552,535,560]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">A. F. Konings</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="26C443BFFF8ACC0AFDC5FD92ED28E700" box="[588,768,535,560]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">J. R. Stauffer Jr.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF4E76E1FF8ACC0AFF1EF8D4EFA1E2FF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263004/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" targetBox="[151,1436,655,1861]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF8ACC0AFF1EF8D4EFA1E2FF" blockId="9.[151,1436,1886,2000]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF8ACC0AFF1EF8D4EF3BE25C" bold="true" box="[151,275,1886,1908]" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF8ACC0AFE90F8D4EFCFE25B" box="[281,487,1886,1908]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kumwera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF8ACC0AFE90F8D4EFCFE25B" box="[281,487,1886,1908]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="362">Tropheops kumwera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A. Holotype, PSU 12762, adult male, 66.8 mm SL, Boadzulu Island, Lake Malaŵi, Malaŵi, Africa; B. Male in breeding coloration (approx. 65 mm SL) at type locality; C. Female (approx. 55 mm SL) at type locality; D. Male in breeding coloration (approx. 63 mm SL) at Makokola Reef, Malaŵi; Male in breeding coloration (approx. 65 mm SL) at Tsano Rock, Malaŵi.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4E76E1FF89CC09FF1EFF12ECABE5C0" ID-Table-UUID="DF4E76E1FF89CC09FF1EFF12ECABE5C0" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4E76E1FF89CC09FF1EFF12ECABE5C0" pageId="10" pageNumber="363" targetBox="[151,1436,265,2012]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF89CC09FF1EFF12ECABE5C0" blockId="10.[151,1436,152,239]" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF89CC09FF1EFF12EF22E580" bold="true" box="[151,266,152,175]" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphological and meristic data for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF89CC09FD29FF12ED52E580" box="[672,890,152,175]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="363" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kumwera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF89CC09FD29FF12ED52E580" box="[672,890,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">Tropheops kumwera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Boadzulu Island, Lake Malaŵi (PSU 12762, holotype; PSU 12763, n=23); Makokola Reef, Lake Malaŵi (PSU 12764, n=7); Tsano Rock, Lake Malaŵi, Malaŵi (PSU 12765, n=15). Ranges include holotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF89CC09FF16FE83EB15E2F3" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<table id="F931D4C9FF8933FCFF1EFE83EBB4E2F3" box="[151,1436,265,2012]" gridcols="6" gridrows="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<tr id="3501242BFF8933FCFF1EFE83EBB4E469" box="[151,1436,265,326]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<th id="76D04D57FF8933FCFF1EFE83EC2CE469" box="[151,516,265,326]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">Variable</th>
|
||
<th id="76D04D57FF8933FCFDE0FE83ECFEE469" box="[617,726,265,326]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">Holotype</th>
|
||
<th id="76D04D57FF8933FCFC8FFE83ED69E469" box="[774,833,265,326]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">Mean</th>
|
||
<th id="76D04D57FF8933FCFCE2FE83EA61E469" box="[875,1097,265,326]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">
|
||
Std Dev
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF89CC09FC55FE83EA6EE430" bold="true" box="[988,1094,265,287]" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">Min–Max</emphasis>
|
||
Makokola
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D04D57FF8933FCFBF0FE83EACFE469" box="[1145,1255,265,326]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">Tsano</th>
|
||
<th id="76D04D57FF8933FCFA9EFE83EBB4E469" box="[1303,1436,265,326]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">Boadzulu</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3501242BFF8933FCFF1EFED2EBB4E725" box="[151,1436,344,522]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<th id="76D04D57FF8933FCFF1EFED2EC2CE725" box="[151,516,344,522]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">Standard length (mm) Head length (mm) Percent head length (%)</th>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFDE0FED2ECFEE725" box="[617,726,344,522]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">PSU12762 66.8 22.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFC8FFED2ED69E725" box="[774,833,344,522]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">62.5 19.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFCE2FED2EA61E725" box="[875,1097,344,522]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">Reef PSU12764 4.5 52.0–70.5 1.5 16.6–23.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFBF0FED2EACFE725" box="[1145,1255,344,522]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">Rocks PSU12765 53.3–69.9 16.9–21.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFA9EFED2EBB4E725" box="[1303,1436,344,522]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">Island PSU12763 55.9–67.0 17.8–21.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3501242BFF8933FCFF1EFD96EBB4E7E1" box="[151,1436,540,718]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<th id="76D04D57FF8933FCFF1EFD96EC2CE7E1" box="[151,516,540,718]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">Snout length Postorbital head length Horizontal eye diameter Vertical eye diameter Preorbital depth</th>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFDE0FD96ECFEE7E1" box="[617,726,540,718]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">41.7 41.4 29.1 27.6 22.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFC8FFD96ED69E7E1" box="[774,833,540,718]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">37.7 42.0 29.2 27.3 22.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFCE2FD96EA61E7E1" box="[875,1097,540,718]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">2.5 36.5–42.8 1.3 39.2–43.4 1.7 25.8–32.6 1.4 24.2–29.9 1.7 20.4–26.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFBF0FD96EACFE7E1" box="[1145,1255,540,718]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">34.1–39.8 41.3–45.5 26.7–31.3 26.5–31.4 19.4–25.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFA9EFD96EBB4E7E1" box="[1303,1436,540,718]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">28.0–39.8 40.9–44.0 26.1–31.4 26.0–29.3 19.4–25.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3501242BFF8933FCFF1EFD6AEBB4E6BD" box="[151,1436,736,914]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<th id="76D04D57FF8933FCFF1EFD6AEC2CE6BD" box="[151,516,736,914]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">Cheek depth Lower jaw length Head depth Percent standard length (%) Body depth</th>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFDE0FD6AECFEE6BD" box="[617,726,736,914]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">25.2 35.2 82.2 29.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFC8FFD6AED69E6BD" box="[774,833,736,914]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">24.8 34.1 78.5 27.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFCE2FD6AEA61E6BD" box="[875,1097,736,914]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">1.9 23.7–30.2 1.7 32.3–38.0 4.6 72.3–84.5 1.7 27.1–31.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFBF0FD6AEACFE6BD" box="[1145,1255,736,914]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">21.5–28.3 31.1–34.1 70.2–79.0 23.6–27.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFA9EFD6AEBB4E6BD" box="[1303,1436,736,914]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">20.9–27.1 31.4–36.3 70.4–82.2 25.6–29.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3501242BFF8933FCFF1EFC2EEBB4E179" box="[151,1436,932,1110]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<th id="76D04D57FF8933FCFF1EFC2EEC2CE179" box="[151,516,932,1110]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">Snout to dorsal fin origin Snout to pelvic fin origin Dorsal fin base length Anterior dorsal to anterior anal Anterior dorsal to posterior anal</th>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFDE0FC2EECFEE179" box="[617,726,932,1110]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">35.5 39.0 62.5 47.0 64.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFC8FFC2EED69E179" box="[774,833,932,1110]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">34.5 36.9 61.4 49.3 63.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFCE2FC2EEA61E179" box="[875,1097,932,1110]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">1.2 32.5–37.8 1.6 36.0–40.9 1.7 55.7–64.9 1.7 45.4–52.3 1.7 57.7–66.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFBF0FC2EEACFE179" box="[1145,1255,932,1110]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">32.6–36.8 34.8–37.1 58.7–64.3 46.8–50.3 61.7–64.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFA9EFC2EEBB4E179" box="[1303,1436,932,1110]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">32.9–36.4 33.0–37.2 60.6–64.1 46.0–50.3 61.8–64.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3501242BFF8933FCFF1EFBE2EBB4E035" box="[151,1436,1128,1306]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<th id="76D04D57FF8933FCFF1EFBE2EC2CE035" box="[151,516,1128,1306]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">Posterior dorsal to anterior anal Posterior dorsal to posterior anal Posterior anal to dorsal caudal Posterior dorsal to ventral caudal Anterior dorsal to pelvic-fin origin</th>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFDE0FBE2ECFEE035" box="[617,726,1128,1306]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">28.3 14.1 15.6 18.0 32.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFC8FFBE2ED69E035" box="[774,833,1128,1306]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">27.9 13.8 15.8 18.1 30.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFCE2FBE2EA61E035" box="[875,1097,1128,1306]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">1.0 25.8–29.1 0.7 12.8–15.2 0.6 14.7–16.7 0.9 16.2–19.8 1.6 29.2–34.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFBF0FBE2EACFE035" box="[1145,1255,1128,1306]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">25.8–27.8 12.4–14.4 14.7–17.1 16.2–19.0 26.7–31.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFA9EFBE2EBB4E035" box="[1303,1436,1128,1306]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">27.5–29.9 12.8–15.1 15.1–17.1 16.9–19.7 27.8–32.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3501242BFF8933FCFF1EFAA6EBB4E0F1" box="[151,1436,1324,1502]" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<th id="76D04D57FF8933FCFF1EFAA6EC2CE0F1" box="[151,516,1324,1502]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">Posterior dorsal to pelvic-fin origin Caudal peduncle length Least caudal peduncle depth Meristics Dorsal-fin spines</th>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFDE0FAA6ECFEE0F1" box="[617,726,1324,1502]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">52.8 10.3 12.6 18</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFC8FFAA6ED69E0F1" box="[774,833,1324,1502]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">56.2 10.1 11.8 Mode 18</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFCE2FAA6EA61E0F1" box="[875,1097,1324,1502]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">1.8 50.6–57.5 0.7 8.8–11.9 0.6 11.1–12.9 Freq(%) 67.4 18–19</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFBF0FAA6EACFE0F1" box="[1145,1255,1324,1502]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">53.5–58.3 8.6–11.2 10.8–11.9 18–19</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFA9EFAA6EBB4E0F1" box="[1303,1436,1324,1502]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">55.8–59.4 9.5–11.1 10.8–12.2 17–19</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3501242BFF8933FCFF1EFA7AEBB4E354" box="[151,1436,1520,1659]" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<th id="76D04D57FF8933FCFF1EFA7AEC2CE354" box="[151,516,1520,1659]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">Dorsal-fin rays Anal-fin spines Anal-fin rays Pelvic-fin rays</th>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFDE0FA7AECFEE354" box="[617,726,1520,1659]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">8 3 7 5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFC8FFA7AED69E354" box="[774,833,1520,1659]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">8 3 8 5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFCE2FA7AEA61E354" box="[875,1097,1520,1659]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">52.2 8–10 100.0 3 89.1 8 100.0 5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFBF0FA7AEACFE354" box="[1145,1255,1520,1659]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">8–10 3 7–8 5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFA9EFA7AEBB4E354" box="[1303,1436,1520,1659]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">8–10 3 7–8 5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3501242BFF8933FCFF1EF907EBB4E249" box="[151,1436,1677,1894]" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<th id="76D04D57FF8933FCFF1EF907EC2CE249" box="[151,516,1677,1894]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">Pectoral-fin rays Lateral-line scales Pored scales caudal Cheek scale rows Gill rakers 1st ceratobranchial Gill rakers 1st epibranchial</th>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFDE0F907ECFEE249" box="[617,726,1677,1894]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">13 32 2 5 10 4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFC8FF907ED69E249" box="[774,833,1677,1894]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">13 32 2 5 10 4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFCE2F907EA61E249" box="[875,1097,1677,1894]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">97.8 13 71.7 31–33 97.8 2 91.3 5 58.7 9–10 80.4 3–4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFBF0F907EACFE249" box="[1145,1255,1677,1894]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">13 32–33 2 4–5 9–10 3–4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFA9EF907EBB4E249" box="[1303,1436,1677,1894]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">12–13 31–33 1–2 4–7 9–11 3–5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3501242BFF8933FCFF1EF8F2EBB4E2F3" box="[151,1436,1912,2012]" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<th id="76D04D57FF8933FCFF1EF8F2EC2CE2F3" box="[151,516,1912,2012]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">Teeth outer left lower jaw Tooth rows upper jaw Tooth rows lower jaw</th>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFDE0F8F2ECFEE2F3" box="[617,726,1912,2012]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">11 4 4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFC8FF8F2ED69E2F3" box="[774,833,1912,2012]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">10 4 4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFCE2F8F2EA61E2F3" box="[875,1097,1912,2012]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">32.6 9–12 52.2 4–5 69.6 4–5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFBF0F8F2EACFE2F3" box="[1145,1255,1912,2012]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">9–12 4–5 4–5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D04D57FF8933FCFA9EF8F2EBB4E2F3" box="[1303,1436,1912,2012]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="363">6–12 4–6 4–6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B75E2FF88CC08FF4EFF1DEFDEE713" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF88CC08FF4EFF1DEFDEE713" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF88CC08FF4EFF1DEF69E59F" bold="true" box="[199,321,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The steeply-sloped vomer (74.0° in
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A98CBFF88CC08FC8CFF1DED41E59F" box="[773,873,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) without a swollen rostral tip, a small mouth, retrognathic jaws, and the presence of bicuspid teeth in the outer rows of the oral jaws and enlarged conical teeth at the back of the jaws place this species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF88CC08FDE3FF55ECF7E5D7" box="[618,735,223,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF88CC08FDE3FF55ECF7E5D7" box="[618,735,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Tropheops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF88CC08FD67FF55EDFAE5D7" box="[750,978,223,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kumwera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF88CC08FD67FF55EDFAE5D7" box="[750,978,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Tropheops kumwera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BD 23.6–31.0% SL) cannot reliably be distinguished from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF88CC08FE36FE8EEC1CE432" box="[447,564,260,285]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF88CC08FE36FE8EEC1CE432" box="[447,564,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Tropheops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in body depth (26.6–34.5%).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF88CC08FC12FE8EEAABE432" box="[923,1155,260,285]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kumwera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF88CC08FC12FE8EEAABE432" box="[923,1155,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Tropheops kumwera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(HED 25.8–32.6% HL, VED 24.2–31.4% HL) does have relatively smaller eye than other described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF88CC08FB98FEADEAAEE46F" box="[1041,1158,295,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF88CC08FB98FEADEAAEE46F" box="[1041,1158,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Tropheops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (HED 31.2–43.8% HL, VED 29.9–43.3% HL) except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF88CC08FDC8FEC7ECFFE44A" box="[577,727,332,357]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kamtambo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF88CC08FDC8FEC7ECFFE44A" box="[577,727,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">T. kamtambo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(HED 26.3–30.2% HL, VED 24.0–29.7% HL).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF88CC08FAAEFEC6EED6E4A7" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kumwera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF88CC08FAAEFEC6EED6E4A7" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Tropheops kumwera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can often be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF88CC08FDF8FEFBED29E4A7" box="[625,769,367,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kamtambo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF88CC08FDF8FEFBED29E4A7" box="[625,769,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">T. kamtambo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a shallower head depth than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF88CC08FB05FEFBEB34E4A7" box="[1164,1308,367,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kamtambo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF88CC08FB05FEFBEB34E4A7" box="[1164,1308,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">T. kamtambo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(HD 70.2– 84.5% HL vs. HD 79.4–97.1% HL). Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF88CC08FD3AFE1FED10E482" box="[691,824,404,429]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kumwera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF88CC08FD3AFE1FED10E482" box="[691,824,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">T. kumwera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in territorial color are distinguished from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF88CC08FA0EFE1FEEDBE4FF" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biriwira">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF88CC08FA0EFE1FEEDBE4FF" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">T. biriwira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by their blue ground coloration and a blue dorsal fin, which are olive green/light blue and yellow-green in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF88CC08FF1EFE57EF39E4DA" box="[151,273,476,501]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biriwira">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF88CC08FF1EFE57EF39E4DA" box="[151,273,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">T. biriwira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively. Breeding male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF88CC08FDE2FE57ECD9E4DA" box="[619,753,476,501]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kumwera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF88CC08FDE2FE57ECD9E4DA" box="[619,753,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">T. kumwera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually exhibit only the first 3–4 flank bars while male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF88CC08FA0EFE57EF24E737" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kamtambo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF88CC08FA0EFE57EF24E737" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">T. kamtambo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibit all 9–10 bars. Female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF88CC08FDFCFD8BECD4E737" box="[629,764,511,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kumwera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF88CC08FDFCFD8BECD4E737" box="[629,764,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">T. kumwera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack a black submarginal band in the dorsal fin which is present in female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF88CC08FED7FDAFEFC6E712" box="[350,494,548,573]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kamtambo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF88CC08FED7FDAFEFC6E712" box="[350,494,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">T. kamtambo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B75E2FF88CC08FF4EFDCDEA2BE24F" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF88CC08FF4EFDCDEEC8E6C8" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF88CC08FF4EFDCDEF71E74F" bold="true" box="[199,345,583,608]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric and meristic data in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B313D2FF88CC08FD67FDCDED6CE74F" box="[750,836,583,608]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,2012]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 3. Morphological and meristic data for Tropheops kumwera from Boadzulu Island, Lake Malaŵi (PSU 12762, holotype; PSU 12763, n = 23); Makokola Reef, Lake Malaŵi (PSU 12764, n = 7); Tsano Rock, Lake Malaŵi, Malaŵi (PSU 12765, n = 15). Ranges include holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4E76E1FF89CC09FF1EFF12ECABE5C0" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" tableUuid="DF4E76E1FF89CC09FF1EFF12ECABE5C0">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
. Elongate species (BD 23.6–31.0% SL) with greatest body depth at base of fifth or sixth dorsal-fin spine. Dorsal body profile with gradual downward curve to soft-rayed portion of dorsal fin then more acute curve to posterior origin of dorsal fin, gradual taper to caudal fin; ventral body profile between pelvic and anal fins flat with upward curve from anterior point of anal fin to caudal fin. Dorsal head profile concave to almost straight between snout tip and interorbital area, with about 70° angle with body axis, then round to dorsal-fin origin. Teeth on outer rows mostly bicuspid, all inner rows tricuspid towards the center and unicuspid laterally with greatly enlarged conical teeth on sides of upper jaw. First dorsal-fin spine about one fourth length of last spine. Dorsal fin with subacuminate posterior tip, third or fourth ray longest, slightly beyond base of caudal fin. Pectoral fin rounded, paddle-shaped reaching to ninth dorsal-fin spine. Anal fin with third or fourth ray longest, length beyond base of caudal fin in both male and female, to about as far as dorsal-fin tip. Caudal fin subtruncate to emarginate. Length of longest ray of pelvic fin not to anal fin in females; to first anal-fin ray in males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF88CC08FF4EFC7BEFCAE17E" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Flank scales large, ctenoid; abrupt difference to small cycloid scales on breast and belly; cheek with 4–7 (mode 5) rows of small scales. Dorsal-fin and anal-fin rays with narrow proximal band of tiny scales; tiny scales from base to 3/4 length caudal fin.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF88CC08FF4EFBD7ED45E159" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2032]" box="[199,877,1117,1142]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Color notes and photos of live breeding adults (PSU 12766).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF88CC08FF4EFB0AECC7E065" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">
|
||
Population at Boadzulu
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32666F9FF88CC08FE5AFB0AEC3FE1B6" box="[467,535,1152,1177]" name="Iceland" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A3AECFF88CC08FDAFFB0AEC41E1B6" box="[550,617,1152,1177]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1886,1908]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,655,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,615,1861]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tropheops kumwera. A. Holotype, PSU 12762, adult male, 66.8 mm SL, Boadzulu Island, Lake Malaŵi, Malaŵi, Africa; B. Male in breeding coloration (approx. 65 mm SL) at type locality; C. Female (approx. 55 mm SL) at type locality; D. Male in breeding coloration (approx. 63 mm SL) at Makokola Reef, Malaŵi; Male in breeding coloration (approx. 65 mm SL) at Tsano Rock, Malaŵi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263004/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B–C). Males in territorial color with blue flank and 7–9 dark bars, first 4– 6 distinct, posterior bars faint. Head black with 2 light blue interorbital bars; throat dark brown; cheek and preopercle dark brown to black. Dorsal fin proximally blue with black submarginal band, white/light blue lappets; posterior 5 rays light blue with light gray/clear membranes and yellow highlights. Pectoral fin with black rays and clear membranes; fin base yellow. Pelvic fin black to yellow ventrally with white leading edge. Anal fin black with 4–6 yellow ocelli; light blue marginal band (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A3AECFF88CC08FD00FAB8ECE6E065" box="[649,718,1330,1355]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1886,1908]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,655,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,615,1861]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tropheops kumwera. A. Holotype, PSU 12762, adult male, 66.8 mm SL, Boadzulu Island, Lake Malaŵi, Malaŵi, Africa; B. Male in breeding coloration (approx. 65 mm SL) at type locality; C. Female (approx. 55 mm SL) at type locality; D. Male in breeding coloration (approx. 63 mm SL) at Makokola Reef, Malaŵi; Male in breeding coloration (approx. 65 mm SL) at Tsano Rock, Malaŵi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263004/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF88CC08FF4EFADFEDEAE0F7" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">
|
||
Females with purple/dark blue flank and 6–8 black bars, less distinct on center flank. Belly and breast light gray/beige. Head blue/purple with 1–2 faint blue interorbital bars; green highlights on opercle; throat brown/gray. Anal-fin spines gray; rays light gray without ocelli. Pectoral fin with gray rays and clear membranes. Pelvic fin with white leading edge, dark gray rays, and clear membranes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A3AECFF88CC08FCD4FA4AED89E0F7" box="[861,929,1472,1497]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1886,1908]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,655,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,615,1861]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tropheops kumwera. A. Holotype, PSU 12762, adult male, 66.8 mm SL, Boadzulu Island, Lake Malaŵi, Malaŵi, Africa; B. Male in breeding coloration (approx. 65 mm SL) at type locality; C. Female (approx. 55 mm SL) at type locality; D. Male in breeding coloration (approx. 63 mm SL) at Makokola Reef, Malaŵi; Male in breeding coloration (approx. 65 mm SL) at Tsano Rock, Malaŵi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263004/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF88CC08FF4EFA69ECB1E36C" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">
|
||
Population at Makokola Reef (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A3AECFF88CC08FDBFFA69ECA8E0D3" box="[566,640,1507,1532]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1886,1908]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,655,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,615,1861]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tropheops kumwera. A. Holotype, PSU 12762, adult male, 66.8 mm SL, Boadzulu Island, Lake Malaŵi, Malaŵi, Africa; B. Male in breeding coloration (approx. 65 mm SL) at type locality; C. Female (approx. 55 mm SL) at type locality; D. Male in breeding coloration (approx. 63 mm SL) at Makokola Reef, Malaŵi; Male in breeding coloration (approx. 65 mm SL) at Tsano Rock, Malaŵi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263004/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Males in territorial color with similar color pattern as those of Boadzulu
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32666F9FF88CC08FE83F98CEF79E330" box="[266,337,1542,1567]" name="Iceland" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, except with blue/purple/gray flank and 4–5 black bars; belly gray. Cheek purple/blue with green highlight on opercle. Anal fin with 3–6 ocelli.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF88CC08FF4EF9C7EDDEE349" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2032]" box="[199,1014,1613,1638]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">
|
||
Females with same color pattern as those found around Boadzulu
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32666F9FF88CC08FC23F9C7EDDAE349" box="[938,1010,1613,1638]" name="Iceland" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF88CC08FF4EF9FBEF6EE3FE" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">
|
||
Population at Tsano Rock (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A3AECFF88CC08FE72F9FBEC68E3A5" box="[507,576,1649,1674]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1886,1908]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,655,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,615,1861]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tropheops kumwera. A. Holotype, PSU 12762, adult male, 66.8 mm SL, Boadzulu Island, Lake Malaŵi, Malaŵi, Africa; B. Male in breeding coloration (approx. 65 mm SL) at type locality; C. Female (approx. 55 mm SL) at type locality; D. Male in breeding coloration (approx. 63 mm SL) at Makokola Reef, Malaŵi; Male in breeding coloration (approx. 65 mm SL) at Tsano Rock, Malaŵi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263004/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Males in territorial color with similar color pattern as those of Boadzulu
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32666F9FF88CC08FF1EF91FEEF6E381" box="[151,222,1685,1710]" name="Iceland" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, except with orange highlights on opercle. Anal fin black with leading edge light blue fading to green/blue with 3–6 ocelli.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF88CC08FF4EF951EA2BE24F" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">
|
||
Females with similar color pattern as those of Boadzulu
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32666F9FF88CC08FCE1F951ED87E3DB" box="[872,943,1755,1780]" name="Iceland" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, except with blue/light gray flank; caudal peduncle light gray. Head light gray with 1 green interorbital bar; throat light gray/beige. Dorsal fin light gray proximally, dark gray distally with blue lappets and blue/green highlights. Caudal fin gray with clear membranes and blue dorsal and ventral margin. Anal fin with green highlights proximally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B75E2FF88CC08FF4EF8E1EA0BE287" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF88CC08FF4EF8E1EA0BE287" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF88CC08FF4EF8E1EF71E2AB" bold="true" box="[199,345,1899,1924]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF88CC08FEF9F8E1EC74E2AB" box="[368,604,1899,1924]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kumwera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF88CC08FEF9F8E1EC74E2AB" box="[368,604,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Tropheops kumwera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from Boadzulu
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32666F9FF88CC08FC25F8E1EDDBE2AB" box="[940,1011,1899,1924]" name="Iceland" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Makokola Reef (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0540AEFF88CC08FB5EF8E6EB5FE2AB" box="[1239,1399,1899,1924]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" precision="1" value="-14.259483">S 14°15.569’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0540AEFF88CC08FA02F8E6EF22E287" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" precision="1" value="35.12583">E 35°7.550’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), and Tsano Rock (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0540AEFF88CC08FE6BF81AEC43E287" box="[482,619,1936,1960]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" precision="1" value="-14.0412">S 14°2.472’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0540AEFF88CC08FDFFF81BED27E287" box="[630,783,1935,1960]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" precision="1" value="34.9119">E 34°54.714’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Lake
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32666F9FF88CC08FCEBF805ED92E287" box="[866,954,1935,1960]" name="Malawi" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Malaŵi</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32666F9FF88CC08FC4FF805EA37E287" box="[966,1055,1935,1960]" name="Malawi" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Malaŵi</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B75E2FF88CC08FF4EF839EDBEE2DF" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E2669FF88CC08FF4EF839EDBEE2DF" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF88CC08FF4EF839EF66E2E3" bold="true" box="[199,334,1971,1996]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C315DEAFF88CC08FE52F839EC6AE2E3" box="[475,578,1971,1996]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tropheops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kumwera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945FA7BFF88CC08FE52F839EC6AE2E3" box="[475,578,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">kumwera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
means “south” in Chichewa, alluding to the species’ distribution in the southern part of Lake
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32666F9FF88CC08FE07F85DEFCEE2DF" box="[398,486,2007,2032]" name="Malawi" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Malaŵi</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and it is used as a noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |