406 lines
47 KiB
XML
406 lines
47 KiB
XML
<document id="70D2B8471DB31A35A87B1861D850FBD0" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.170669" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cc432084-63d9-4ab2-a3aa-8e2efc7b740a" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="170669" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459714546813" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Braby, Michael F." docDate="2005" docId="03813712D228FF9CD062FE3EFCCAFDC5" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00832.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 832" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Pierinae" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FFB84F6AD222FF97D16AFF85FFEFFF8B" masterDocTitle="Provisional checklist of genera of the Pieridae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="16" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698207631183" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="398C8F886E1667C4DB824F0B669BA969">
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<mods:title id="D7CCFF76305DD91C2E6F50BCF12558E3">Provisional checklist of genera of the Pieridae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3D305801916A5446AF7E11FFAEBA8B9F">Braby, Michael F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4C0E8CD7003E30127C576D4A21BD4029">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E7D84F4EACA01084C05004406C165705">
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<mods:date id="F3D47268226FC5A189D69F4DCC06F9AF">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="CACFAF6FA9275C1F2021040914F425A3" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="87AD47DF8D20DF3FD9581ABFDF40C6C1">832</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="A64B184A143EC9E3B78B78006CEEDA29" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.170669</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A0DD558F79552F2AFFA3B4BF91AEB67A" type="Zenodo-Dep">170669</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03813712D228FF9CD062FE3EFCCAFDC5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5688534" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119334280" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5688534" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03813712D228FF9CD062FE3EFCCAFDC5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03813712D228FF9CD062FE3EFCCAFDC5" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<subSubSection id="C332D58FD228FF9DD062FE3EFC3FFACA" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B978604D228FF9DD062FE3EFE39FE5E" blockId="10.[264,1325,443,1905]" box="[264,470,443,469]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<heading id="D0DF3168D228FF9DD062FE3EFE39FE5E" bold="true" box="[264,470,443,469]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD062FE3EFE39FE5E" bold="true" box="[264,470,443,469]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD062FE3EFE9AFE5E" box="[264,373,443,469]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pierinae">Pierinae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD0EBFE3EFE39FE5E" box="[385,470,443,469]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pierini">Pierini</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B978604D228FF9DD062FE5AFC3FFACA" blockId="10.[264,1325,443,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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The wellknown genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD34AFE5AFD20FE72" authority="Schrank" authorityName="Schrank" box="[544,719,479,505]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pieris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD34AFE5AFD89FE73" box="[544,614,479,504]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pieris</emphasis>
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Schrank
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</taxonomicName>
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has been extensively studied and revised (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD5A6FE5AFEA9FDAA" author="Mariani" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" refString="Mariani, M. (1937) Anatomia e fisiologia degli organi genitali femminili delle Pieris Schrk. (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). Festschrift 60 Geburtstag E. Strand. Vol. III, Riga Universitate, 3, 434 - 450." type="journal article" year="1937">Mariani 1937</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD038FD82FE12FDAA" author="Bernardi" box="[338,509,519,545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="14" refString="Bernardi, G. (1947) Revision de la classification des especes holarctiques des genres Pieris Schr. et Pontia Fabr. Miscellanea Entomologica, 44, 65 - 80." type="journal article" year="1947">Bernardi 1947</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD363FD82FDA8FDAA" author="Bernardi" box="[521,583,519,545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="14" refString="Bernardi, G. (1958) Taxinomie et zoogeographie de Talbotia naganum Moore. Revue Francaise D'Entomologie, Paris, 25, 125 - 128." type="journal article" year="1958">1958</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD339FD82FD1FFDAA" author="Kudrna" box="[595,752,519,545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" refString="Kudrna, O. (1974) Artogeia Verity, 1947, Gen. Rev. for Papilio napi Linnaeus (Lep., Pieridae). Entomologist's Gazette, 25, 9 - 12." type="journal article" year="1974">Kudrna 1974</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD396FD82FBCCFDAA" author="Robbins" box="[764,1059,519,545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="16" refString="Robbins, R. K. & Henson, P. M. (1986) Why Pieris rapae is a better name than Artogeia rapae (Pieridae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 40, 79 - 92." type="journal article" year="1986">Robbins & Henson 1986</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD55DFD82FB23FDAA" author="Klots" box="[1079,1228,519,545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" refString="Klots, A. B. (1933) A generic classification of the Pieridae (Lepidoptera) together with a study of the male genitalia. Entomologica america, 12, 139 - 242." type="journal article" year="1933">Klots (1933)</bibRefCitation>
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recognised four subgenera (
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<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD37FFDAAFDB4FDC3" box="[533,603,559,584]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pieris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD37FFDAAFDB4FDC3" box="[533,603,559,584]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pieris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD31BFDAAFCD4FDC2" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[625,827,559,585]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD31BFDAAFD50FDC3" box="[625,703,559,584]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pontia</emphasis>
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Fabricius
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD23BFDAAFBF2FDC2" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" box="[849,1053,559,585]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Synchloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD23BFDAAFC54FDC3" box="[849,955,559,584]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Synchloe</emphasis>
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Hübner
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD55EFDAAFB0DFDC2" authority="Klots" authorityName="Klots" box="[1076,1250,559,585]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Glennia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD55EFDAAFB7DFDC3" box="[1076,1170,559,584]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Glennia</emphasis>
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Klots
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</taxonomicName>
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) and, although he narrowed the concept of
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<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD3ABFDD2FCE8FDFB" box="[705,775,599,624]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pieris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD3ABFDD2FCE8FDFB" box="[705,775,599,624]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pieris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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substantially to include a much smaller representation of taxa, the genus has been split further and ‘his’ subgenera are now usually recognised as distinct genera on phylogenetic grounds (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD21AFD22FBFBFD4A" author="Mariani" box="[880,1044,679,705]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" refString="Mariani, M. (1937) Anatomia e fisiologia degli organi genitali femminili delle Pieris Schrk. (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). Festschrift 60 Geburtstag E. Strand. Vol. III, Riga Universitate, 3, 434 - 450." type="journal article" year="1937">Mariani 1937</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD54AFD22FB23FD4A" author="Bernardi" box="[1056,1228,679,705]" pageId="10" pageNumber="14" refString="Bernardi, G. (1947) Revision de la classification des especes holarctiques des genres Pieris Schr. et Pontia Fabr. Miscellanea Entomologica, 44, 65 - 80." type="journal article" year="1947">Bernardi 1947</bibRefCitation>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD5B3FD22FE58FD62" author="Geiger" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" refString="Geiger, H. J. & Scholl, A. (1985) Systematics and evolution of holarctic Pierinae (Lepidoptera). An enzyme electrophoretic approach. Experientia, 41, 24 - 29." type="journal article" year="1985">Geiger & Scholl 1985</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD0A9FD4AFD04FD62" author="Robbins" box="[451,747,719,745]" pageId="10" pageNumber="16" refString="Robbins, R. K. & Henson, P. M. (1986) Why Pieris rapae is a better name than Artogeia rapae (Pieridae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 40, 79 - 92." type="journal article" year="1986">Robbins & Henson 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD395FD4AFC78FD62" author="Klots" box="[767,919,719,745]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" refString="Klots, A. B. (1933) A generic classification of the Pieridae (Lepidoptera) together with a study of the male genitalia. Entomologica america, 12, 139 - 242." type="journal article" year="1933">Klots (1933)</bibRefCitation>
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||
, for instance, erected
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<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD5F2FD4AFB19FD63" box="[1176,1270,719,744]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Glennia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD5F2FD4AFB19FD63" box="[1176,1270,719,744]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Glennia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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as a monotypic subgenus of
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<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD35BFD72FD98FC9B" box="[561,631,759,784]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pieris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD35BFD72FD98FC9B" box="[561,631,759,784]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pieris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to accommodate the species
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<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD282FD72FB7CFC9A" authority="Godart" authorityName="Godart" box="[1000,1171,759,785]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Glennia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pylotis">
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<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD282FD72FBD9FC9B" box="[1000,1078,759,784]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">pylotis</emphasis>
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Godart
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</taxonomicName>
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from South
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<collectingCountry id="F33FC694D228FF9DD062FC9AFE9EFCB2" box="[264,369,799,825]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">America</collectingCountry>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD0EBFC9AFD32FCB2" author="Robbins" box="[385,733,799,825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="16" refString="Robbins, R. K. & Henson, P. M. (1986) Why Pieris rapae is a better name than Artogeia rapae (Pieridae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 40, 79 - 92." type="journal article" year="1986">Robbins and Henson (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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, however, advocated full generic status for this taxon on the basis of significant differences in the female genitalia.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD50CFCC2FAC8FCEA" author="Bernardi" box="[1126,1319,839,865]" pageId="10" pageNumber="14" refString="Bernardi, G. (1947) Revision de la classification des especes holarctiques des genres Pieris Schr. et Pontia Fabr. Miscellanea Entomologica, 44, 65 - 80." type="journal article" year="1947">Bernardi (1947)</bibRefCitation>
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revised the systematics of
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<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD356FCEAFD65FC03" box="[572,650,879,904]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD356FCEAFD65FC03" box="[572,650,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pontia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD3A3FCEAFC1EFC02" author="Geiger" box="[713,1009,879,905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" refString="Geiger, H. J. & Scholl, A. (1985) Systematics and evolution of holarctic Pierinae (Lepidoptera). An enzyme electrophoretic approach. Experientia, 41, 24 - 29." type="journal article" year="1985">Geiger and Scholl (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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||
provided biochemical evidence for the separation of
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<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD321FC12FD76FC3B" box="[587,665,919,944]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD321FC12FD76FC3B" box="[587,665,919,944]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pontia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
from
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<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD388FC12FCC7FC3B" box="[738,808,919,944]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pieris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD388FC12FCC7FC3B" box="[738,808,919,944]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pieris</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, but recommended that the concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD59CFC12FEA8FC53" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Synchloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD59CFC12FEA8FC53" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Synchloe</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
be restricted to include a smaller number of species and treated as a subgenus of
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||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD062FC62FEB1FB8B" box="[264,350,999,1024]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD062FC62FEB5FB8B" box="[264,346,999,1024]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pontia</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</emphasis>
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That is, they divided
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD306FC62FD55FB8B" box="[620,698,999,1024]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD306FC62FD55FB8B" box="[620,698,999,1024]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pontia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into two speciesgroups or subgenera: the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD5AFFC62FAC5FB8B" box="[1221,1322,999,1024]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pieris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callidice">
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||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD5AFFC62FAC5FB8B" box="[1221,1322,999,1024]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">callidice</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
group (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD00AFB8AFE25FBA3" box="[352,458,1039,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Synchloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD00AFB8AFE25FBA3" box="[352,458,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Synchloe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD355FB8AFD43FBA3" box="[575,684,1039,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daplidice">
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||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD355FB8AFD43FBA3" box="[575,684,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">daplidice</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
group (
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD267FB8AFCB4FBA3" box="[781,859,1039,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD267FB8AFCB4FBA3" box="[781,859,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pontia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD21CFB8AFBDAFBA2" author="Bernardi" box="[886,1077,1039,1065]" pageId="10" pageNumber="14" refString="Bernardi, G. (1958) Taxinomie et zoogeographie de Talbotia naganum Moore. Revue Francaise D'Entomologie, Paris, 25, 125 - 128." type="journal article" year="1958">Bernardi (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD062FBB2FE35FBDA" authority="Bernardi" authorityName="Bernardi" box="[264,474,1079,1105]" class="Liliopsida" family="Velloziaceae" genus="Talbotia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD062FBB2FE87FBDB" box="[264,360,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Talbotia</emphasis>
|
||
Bernardi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to accommodate the single species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD2FBFBB2FBB9FBDA" authority="Moore" authorityName="Moore" box="[913,1110,1079,1105]" class="Liliopsida" family="Velloziaceae" genus="Talbotia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="naganum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD2FBFBB2FC11FBDB" box="[913,1022,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">naganum</emphasis>
|
||
Moore
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Asia previously included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD0B0FBDAFDCFFBF3" box="[474,544,1119,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pieris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD0B0FBDAFDCFFBF3" box="[474,544,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pieris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD3B5FBDAFCD2FBF3" box="[735,829,1119,1144]" class="Liliopsida" family="Velloziaceae" genus="Talbotia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD3B5FBDAFCD2FBF3" box="[735,829,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Talbotia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be closely allied to
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD520FBDAFB16FBF3" box="[1098,1273,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD520FBDAFB7CFBF3" box="[1098,1171,1119,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pieris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pieris</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD5F5FBDAFB16FBF3" box="[1183,1273,1119,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Ganyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ganyra</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD062FB02FD91FB2A" authority="Hubner. Verity (1947)" authorityName="Hubner. Verity" authorityYear="1947" box="[264,638,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Belenois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD062FB02FE82FB2B" box="[264,365,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Belenois</emphasis>
|
||
Hübner.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD0B4FB02FD91FB2A" author="Verity" box="[478,638,1159,1185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="16" refString="Verity, R. (1947) Le farfalle diurne d'Italia. Vol. III. Casa Editrice Marzocco, Firenze, 318 pp." type="book" year="1947">Verity (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
proposed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD391FB02FC5CFB2A" authority="Verity" authorityName="Verity" box="[763,947,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Artogeia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD391FB02FC8EFB2B" box="[763,865,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Artogeia</emphasis>
|
||
Verity
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD5E6FB02FB3DFB2B" box="[1164,1234,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pieris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD5E6FB02FB3DFB2B" box="[1164,1234,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pieris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD062FB2AFE59FB42" author="Kudrna" box="[264,438,1199,1225]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" refString="Kudrna, O. (1974) Artogeia Verity, 1947, Gen. Rev. for Papilio napi Linnaeus (Lep., Pieridae). Entomologist's Gazette, 25, 9 - 12." type="journal article" year="1974">Kudrna (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and others subsequently elevated to generic rank. However, several recent studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD003FB52FDEEFB7A" author="Geiger" box="[361,513,1239,1265]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" refString="Geiger, H. J. (1981) Enzyme electrophoretic studies on the genetic relationships of pierid butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) I. European taxa. The Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 19, 181 - 195." type="journal article" year="1981">Geiger 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD364FB52FCF8FB7A" author="Geiger" box="[526,791,1239,1265]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" refString="Geiger, H. J. & Scholl, A. (1985) Systematics and evolution of holarctic Pierinae (Lepidoptera). An enzyme electrophoretic approach. Experientia, 41, 24 - 29." type="journal article" year="1985">Geiger & Scholl 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD24EFB52FBA4FB7A" author="Robbins" box="[804,1099,1239,1265]" pageId="10" pageNumber="16" refString="Robbins, R. K. & Henson, P. M. (1986) Why Pieris rapae is a better name than Artogeia rapae (Pieridae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 40, 79 - 92." type="journal article" year="1986">Robbins & Henson 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) have rejected this proposal on either biochemical or phylogenetic grounds.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD2C0FB7AFB1AFA92" author="Robbins" box="[938,1269,1279,1305]" pageId="10" pageNumber="16" refString="Robbins, R. K. & Henson, P. M. (1986) Why Pieris rapae is a better name than Artogeia rapae (Pieridae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 40, 79 - 92." type="journal article" year="1986">Robbins and Henson (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recommended that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD0AFFAA2FDC4FACB" box="[453,555,1319,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Artogeia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD0AFFAA2FDC4FACB" box="[453,555,1319,1344]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Artogeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
be considered a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD2E9FAA2FC26FACB" box="[899,969,1319,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pieris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD2E9FAA2FC26FACB" box="[899,969,1319,1344]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pieris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C332D58FD228FF9DD052FACAFBD3F95A" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B978604D228FF9DD052FACAFC0BFA6A" blockId="10.[264,1325,443,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD052FACAFDC4FAE2" author="Klots" box="[312,555,1359,1385]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" refString="Klots, A. B. (1933) A generic classification of the Pieridae (Lepidoptera) together with a study of the male genitalia. Entomologica america, 12, 139 - 242." type="journal article" year="1933" yearSuffix="p">Klots (1933, p 224)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed the taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD246FACAFC18FAE2" authority="Klots" authorityName="Klots" box="[812,1015,1359,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pieriballia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD246FACAFC44FAE3" box="[812,939,1359,1384]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pieriballia</emphasis>
|
||
Klots
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD5AFFACAFEA6FA1A" authority="Kaye" authorityName="Kaye" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Itaballia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD5AFFACAFAC5FAE3" box="[1221,1322,1359,1384]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Itaballia</emphasis>
|
||
Kaye
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and included two species in it; he also considered that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD2A4FAF2FBA2FA1B" box="[974,1101,1399,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pieriballia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD2A4FAF2FBA2FA1B" box="[974,1101,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pieriballia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD5ECFAF2FB04FA1B" box="[1158,1259,1399,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Itaballia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD5ECFAF2FB04FA1B" box="[1158,1259,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Itaballia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD0B2FA1AFC85FA32" authority="Hubner. Lamas (2005)" authorityName="Hubner. Lamas" authorityYear="2005" box="[472,874,1439,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Perrhybris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD0B2FA1AFDB9FA33" box="[472,598,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Perrhybris</emphasis>
|
||
Hübner.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD3A9FA1AFC85FA32" author="Lamas" box="[707,874,1439,1465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" refString="Lamas, G. (2005) Pieridae. In: Lamas, G. (Ed), Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Volume 5 A. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville (in press)." type="book" year="2005">Lamas (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, tentatively treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD5ABFA1AFEC9FA6B" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pieriballia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD5ABFA1AFEC9FA6B" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pieriballia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a monobasic genus (with
|
||
<typeStatus id="549338A6D228FF9DD310FA42FD42FA6A" box="[634,685,1479,1505]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD265FA42FC37FA6A" authority="Boisduval" authorityName="Boisduval" box="[783,984,1479,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pieriballia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD265FA42FCBBFA6B" box="[783,852,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">viardi</emphasis>
|
||
Boisduval
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B978604D228FF9DD052FA6AFBD3F95A" blockId="10.[264,1325,443,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD052FA6AFDCCF982" author="Klots" box="[312,547,1519,1545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" refString="Klots, A. B. (1933) A generic classification of the Pieridae (Lepidoptera) together with a study of the male genitalia. Entomologica america, 12, 139 - 242." type="journal article" year="1933" yearSuffix="p">Klots (1933, p 224)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD3EFFA6AFCA8F982" authority="Billberg" authorityName="Billberg" box="[645,839,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Ganyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD3EFFA6AFD30F983" box="[645,735,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ganyra</emphasis>
|
||
Billberg
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD54BFA6AFB2AF982" authority="Scopoli" authorityName="Scopoli" box="[1057,1221,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Ascia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD54BFA6AFB8DF983" box="[1057,1122,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ascia</emphasis>
|
||
Scopoli
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because the included species were more closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD23DF992FC77F9BB" box="[855,920,1559,1584]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Ascia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD23DF992FC77F9BB" box="[855,920,1559,1584]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ascia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than anything else, but noted that “They also show many points of similarity to the African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD2D3F9BAFBF1F9D3" box="[953,1054,1599,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Belenois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD2D3F9BAFBF1F9D3" box="[953,1054,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Belenois</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.”
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD551F9BAFB16F9D2" author="Bernardi" box="[1083,1273,1599,1625]" pageId="10" pageNumber="14" refString="Bernardi, G. (1958) Taxinomie et zoogeographie de Talbotia naganum Moore. Revue Francaise D'Entomologie, Paris, 25, 125 - 128." type="journal article" year="1958">Bernardi (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD062F9E2FDBEF90A" author="Robbins" box="[264,593,1639,1665]" pageId="10" pageNumber="16" refString="Robbins, R. K. & Henson, P. M. (1986) Why Pieris rapae is a better name than Artogeia rapae (Pieridae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 40, 79 - 92." type="journal article" year="1986">Robbins and Henson (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD3DAF9E2FCE5F90B" box="[688,778,1639,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Ganyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD3DAF9E2FCE5F90B" box="[688,778,1639,1664]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ganyra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a distinct genus; the latter authors provided morphological evidence based on study of the female genitalia that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD54CF90AFB6FF923" box="[1062,1152,1679,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Ganyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD54CF90AFB6FF923" box="[1062,1152,1679,1704]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ganyra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD062F932FE82F95B" box="[264,365,1719,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Itaballia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD062F932FE82F95B" box="[264,365,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Itaballia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD0CCF932FDCBF95B" box="[422,548,1719,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Perrhybris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD0CCF932FDCBF95B" box="[422,548,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Perrhybris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, were probably the closest relatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD285F932FBDAF95B" box="[1007,1077,1719,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pieris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD285F932FBDAF95B" box="[1007,1077,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pieris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C332D58FD228FF9CD052F95AFCCAFDC5" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B978604D228FF9CD052F95AFCCAFDC5" blockId="10.[264,1325,443,1905]" lastBlockId="11.[264,1325,284,590]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD019F95AFE0FF973" ID-CoL="7T2M" box="[371,480,1759,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Tatochila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD019F95AFE0FF973" box="[371,480,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tatochila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group of pierine genera from South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33FC694D228FF9DD2D3F95AFBF1F972" box="[953,1054,1759,1785]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
has been extensively revised and expanded, from three (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD3F1F882FCF0F8AA" author="Klots" box="[667,799,1799,1825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" refString="Klots, A. B. (1933) A generic classification of the Pieridae (Lepidoptera) together with a study of the male genitalia. Entomologica america, 12, 139 - 242." type="journal article" year="1933">Klots 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to eight (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD2FFF882FBF3F8AA" author="Ureta" box="[917,1052,1799,1825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="16" refString="Ureta, E. (1955) Nuevas especies [sic] de Pieridae (Lep. Rhopalocera) de Chile y Argentina. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (Santiago), 26, 57 - 71." type="journal article" year="1955">Ureta 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD54DF882FB47F8AA" author="Field" box="[1063,1192,1799,1825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" refString="Field, W. D. (1958) A redefinition of the butterfly genera Tatochila, Phulia, Piercolias, and Baltia, with descriptions of related genera and subgenera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 108, 103 - 131." type="journal article" year="1958">Field 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD5DEF882FE65F8C2" author="Herrera" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" refString="Herrera, G. J. & Field, W. D. (1959) A revision of the butterfly genera Theochila and Tatochila (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 108, 467 - 514." type="journal article" year="1959">Herrera & Field 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD0FDF8AAFDDCF8C2" author="Ackery" box="[407,563,1839,1865]" pageId="10" pageNumber="14" refString="Ackery, P. R. (1975) A new pierine genus and species with notes on the genus Tatochila (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, No. 30, 1 - 9." type="book chapter" year="1975">Ackery 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD32BF8AAFCABF8C2" author="Field" box="[577,836,1839,1865]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" refString="Field, W. D. & Herrera, J. V. (1977) The pierid butterflies of the genera Hypsochila Ureta, Phulia Herrich-Schaffer, Infraphulia Field, Pierphulia Field, and Piercolias Staudinger. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 232, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1977">Field & Herrera 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD23BF8AAFC1EF8C2" author="Shapiro" box="[849,1009,1839,1865]" pageId="10" pageNumber="16" refString="Shapiro, A. M. (1991) The zoogeography and systematics of the Argentine Andean and Patagonian Pierid Fauna. The Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 28, 137 - 238." type="journal article" year="1991">Shapiro 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D228FF9DD294F8AAFBD2F8C2" author="Shapiro" box="[1022,1085,1839,1865]" pageId="10" pageNumber="16" refString="Shapiro, A. M. (1994) Why are there so few butteflies in the high Andes? The Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 31, 25 - 56." type="journal article" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The five new genera are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD008F8D2FDDAF8FA" ID-CoL="532Y" authority="Ureta" authorityName="Ureta" box="[354,565,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Hypsochila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD008F8D2FE08F8FB" box="[354,487,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hypsochila</emphasis>
|
||
Ureta
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD329F8D2FCEFF8FA" ID-CoL="7VMX" authority="Field" authorityName="Field" box="[579,768,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Theochila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD329F8D2FD57F8FB" box="[579,696,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Theochila</emphasis>
|
||
Field
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD264F8D2FC3BF8FA" ID-CoL="6QB4" authority="Field" authorityName="Field" box="[782,980,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pierphulia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD264F8D2FC64F8FB" box="[782,907,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pierphulia</emphasis>
|
||
Field
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9DD288F8D2FB5FF8FA" ID-CoL="62WMG" authority="Field" authorityName="Field" box="[994,1200,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Infraphulia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9DD288F8D2FB88F8FB" box="[994,1127,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Infraphulia</emphasis>
|
||
Field
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D228FF9CD598F8D2FE07FEBD" ID-CoL="77N3" authority="Ackery. Two" authorityName="Ackery. Two" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Reliquia" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D228FF9CD598F8D2FED3FEBE" italics="true" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Reliquia</emphasis>
|
||
Ackery. Two
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the new taxa (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D229FF9CD3BEFE99FCBEFEBE" ID-CoL="6QB4" box="[724,849,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pierphulia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D229FF9CD3BEFE99FCBEFEBE" box="[724,849,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pierphulia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D229FF9CD20DFE99FC03FEBE" ID-CoL="62WMG" box="[871,1004,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Infraphulia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D229FF9CD20DFE99FC03FEBE" box="[871,1004,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Infraphulia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) were initially treated as subgenera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D229FF9CD0CDFEC1FD85FED5" ID-CoL="63MCW" authority="Grote" authorityName="Grote" box="[423,618,324,350]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Piercolias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D229FF9CD0CDFEC1FDF1FED6" box="[423,542,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Piercolias</emphasis>
|
||
Grote
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D229FF9CD3CEFEC1FC2EFED5" ID-CoL="63MLP" authority="Herrich-Schaffer" authorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" box="[676,961,324,350]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Phulia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D229FF9CD3CEFEC1FD1DFED6" box="[676,754,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Phulia</emphasis>
|
||
HerrichSchäffer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D229FF9CD500FEC1FB01FED5" author="Field" box="[1130,1262,324,350]" pageId="11" pageNumber="15" refString="Field, W. D. (1958) A redefinition of the butterfly genera Tatochila, Phulia, Piercolias, and Baltia, with descriptions of related genera and subgenera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 108, 103 - 131." type="journal article" year="1958">Field 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D229FF9CD062FEE9FDDDFE0D" author="Field" box="[264,562,364,390]" pageId="11" pageNumber="15" refString="Field, W. D. & Herrera, J. V. (1977) The pierid butterflies of the genera Hypsochila Ureta, Phulia Herrich-Schaffer, Infraphulia Field, Pierphulia Field, and Piercolias Staudinger. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 232, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1977">Field and Herrera (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
later raised them to full generic status.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D229FF9CD579FEE9FB46FE0E" box="[1043,1193,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Chionanema</emphasis>
|
||
Ureta was described as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D229FF9CD33AFE11FD39FE26" ID-CoL="532Y" box="[592,726,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Hypsochila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D229FF9CD33AFE11FD39FE26" box="[592,726,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hypsochila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D229FF9CD26FFE11FC4FFE25" author="Ureta" box="[773,928,404,430]" pageId="11" pageNumber="16" refString="Ureta, E. (1955) Nuevas especies [sic] de Pieridae (Lep. Rhopalocera) de Chile y Argentina. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (Santiago), 26, 57 - 71." type="journal article" year="1955">Ureta (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D229FF9CD2B6FE11FB9FFE25" author="Field" box="[988,1136,404,430]" pageId="11" pageNumber="15" refString="Field, W. D. (1958) A redefinition of the butterfly genera Tatochila, Phulia, Piercolias, and Baltia, with descriptions of related genera and subgenera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 108, 103 - 131." type="journal article" year="1958">Field (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
seriously questioned its validity and subsequently synonymised it (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D229FF9CD2E2FE39FB79FE5D" author="Field" box="[904,1174,444,470]" pageId="11" pageNumber="15" refString="Field, W. D. & Herrera, J. V. (1977) The pierid butterflies of the genera Hypsochila Ureta, Phulia Herrich-Schaffer, Infraphulia Field, Pierphulia Field, and Piercolias Staudinger. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 232, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1977">Field & Herrera 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D229FF9CD062FE61FE9CFE76" ID-CoL="7T2M" box="[264,371,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Tatochila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D229FF9CD062FE61FE9CFE76" box="[264,371,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tatochila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, comprising 11 species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D229FF9CD3F7FE61FCDBFE75" author="Lamas" box="[669,820,484,510]" pageId="11" pageNumber="15" refString="Lamas, G. (2005) Pieridae. In: Lamas, G. (Ed), Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Volume 5 A. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville (in press)." type="book" year="2005">Lamas 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), is possibly polyphyletic, comprising two or more genera (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9FBF5D229FF9CD0A2FD89FD86FDAD" author="Shapiro" box="[456,617,524,550]" pageId="11" pageNumber="16" refString="Shapiro, A. M. (1991) The zoogeography and systematics of the Argentine Andean and Patagonian Pierid Fauna. The Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 28, 137 - 238." type="journal article" year="1991">Shapiro 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; pers. comm. 2004), however, a phylogenetic analysis of the entire
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28FD87D229FF9CD038FDB1FE52FDC6" ID-CoL="7T2M" box="[338,445,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Tatochila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C5A16D229FF9CD038FDB1FE52FDC6" box="[338,445,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tatochila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group is needed to verify this.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |