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<document id="A86E030D262654D7773BBF165F6F227A" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.138.1.6" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5099688" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1626231697976" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Wetzel, Carlos E., Hoffmann, Bart Van De Vijver Lucien &amp; Ector, Luc" docDate="2013" docId="0365092CFFB7FF9BFF1E94C7F4A3FB68" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytotaxa.138.1.43-57.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 138 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.138.1.6" docStyle="DocumentStyle:13F189B31CB4CCCE9197361A4E100104.3:Phytotaxa.2011-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="13F189B31CB4CCCE9197361A4E100104" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2011-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Planothidium incuriatum C. E. Wetzel, Van de Vijver &amp; Ector 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="FF5C7154FFB1FF93FF899450F047FFAE" masterDocTitle="Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. a widely distributed diatom species (Bacillariophyta) and type analysis of Planothidium biporomum" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1699004889425" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="8D886B6A81C90A6F2116D24A3F3C7E08">Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. a widely distributed diatom species (Bacillariophyta) and type analysis of Planothidium biporomum</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4C39119043468B2170A93340E963335C">Wetzel, Carlos E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CC57FBE1B8AE438BCBE7CB0444352A35">Public Research Centre - Gabriel Lippmann, Department of Environment and Agro-biotechnologies (EVA), 41 rue du Brill, L- 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg. e-mail: wetzel @ lippmann. lu (Corresponding author)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="843AEA73A978D2905DD4911F3B4C713F">Hoffmann, Bart Van De Vijver Lucien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5F37EB9ABC6748EBF7E820B9F4EB8A51">Ector, Luc</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="678C9154A6CDBF9C2512206A5D54D266">Public Research Centre - Gabriel Lippmann, Department of Environment and Agro-biotechnologies (EVA), 41 rue du Brill, L- 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg. e-mail: wetzel @ lippmann. lu (Corresponding author)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="705C5F10185944B884EE6DBFD724F511">2013</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="8B73B83AFFB7FF95FF1E94C7F4F2FF1C" blockId="6.[151,1205,151,178]" box="[151,1205,151,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
<heading id="D03B0F56FFB7FF95FF1E94C7F4F2FF1C" box="[151,1205,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4CCCC3B9FFB7FF95FF1E94C7F322FF1C" authority="C.E.Wetzel, Van de Vijver &amp; Ector" authorityName="C. E. Wetzel, Van de Vijver &amp; Ector" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,869,151,178]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="incuriatum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB7FF95FF1E94C7F181FF1F" bold="true" box="[151,454,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Planothidium incuriatum</emphasis>
C.E.Wetzel, Van de Vijver &amp; Ector
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<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB7FF95FCE594C8F381FF1F" box="[876,966,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A28BD953FFB7FF95FCE594C8F381FF1F" box="[876,966,152,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FC5D94C8F41FFF1C" box="[980,1112,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–36" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1872,1893]" captionTargetBox="[188,1397,491,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-188@2.[188,1398,490,1847]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–36. Planothidium biporomum and Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. LM views. Figs 1–18. Planothidium biporomum. Valve views. Savannah River, Georgia, U.S.A., ANSP G.M.C. 3521(3). Figs 1–13. Rapheless valves. Figs 14–18. Raphe valves. Figs 19–36. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. Valve views. ‘Croix au Buis’ creek (Yvette River basin, Magny-les-Hameaux, France), BR- 4315. Figs 19–27. Rapheless valves. Figs 28–36. Raphe valves. Fig. 21. Holotype designated. ‘=’ signal indicates the valves of the same frustule. Scale bar represents 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099690/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Figs 19–36</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FBED94C8F4EAFF1C" box="[1124,1197,152,178]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 51–61" captionStart-1="FIGURES 62–79" captionStart-2="FIGURES 80–89" captionStartId-0="5.[151,258,1773,1794]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,258,1325,1346]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,259,1725,1746]" captionTargetBox-0="[226,1360,192,1750]" captionTargetBox-1="[188,1398,656,1302]" captionTargetBox-2="[244,1343,192,1703]" captionTargetId-0="figure-203@5.[226,1360,191,1751]" captionTargetId-1="figure-477@6.[188,1398,655,1303]" captionTargetId-2="figure-199@7.[243,1343,191,1704]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionText-0="FIGURES 51–61. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. SEM views. ‘Croix au Buis’ creek (Yvette River basin, Magny-les-Hameaux, France), BR-4315. Fig. 51. External view of rapheless valve. Fig. 52. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 53. External view of raphe valve. Fig. 54. Internal view of rapheless valve. Fig. 55. Internal detailed view of raphe valve central area. Fig. 56. External detail of a raphe valve. Two reduced striae at both sides forming an irregular rectangular central area. Drop-like proximal raphe ends. Striae usually formed by three rows of areolae. Fig. 57. Detail of cavum aperture. Open border attached to the neighbour striae. Fig. 58. Detail of raphe ends. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle. Fig. 59. Open non-perforated and ligulated connective bands. Figs 60–61. Detail of striae usually triseriate from the rapheless valve, as well as the areolae located in the mantle. Scale bars: Figs 51–53 = 5 µm; Fig. 54 = 10 µm; Figs 55–56, 60 = 4 µm; Figs 57–59 = 3 µm; Fig. 61 = 2 µm." captionText-1="FIGURES 62–79. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. LM views. Pardinho River, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. BR-4316. Figs 62–70. Rapheless valves. Figs 71–79. Raphe valves. Scale bar represents 10 µm." captionText-2="FIGURES 80–89. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. SEM views. Pardinho River, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. BR-4316. Fig. 80. External view of rapheless valve. Note the similar areolae arrangement with the France population. Fig. 81. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 82. Internal view of rapheless valve with wide cavum aperture. Fig. 83. External view of raphe valve showing two reduced striae at both sides forming a rectangular central area. Fig. 84. Internal view of raphe valve reduced helictoglossae. Fig. 85. Internal view of rapheless valve apice. Fig. 86. Detail of central area of rapheless valve showing the triseriate striae, irregular rounded depressions along the apical axis and the external unilateral expansion. Fig. 87. Detail of central area of raphe valve. Figs 88–89. Detail of striae in raphe valve usually composed by 3–4 rows of areolae from the rapheless valve. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle located at each stria. Scale bars: Figs 80–83 = 5 µm; Figs 86–87 = 4 µm; Figs 84–85, 88–89 = 2 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099694" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099696" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099698" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5099694/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5099696/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5099698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">51–89</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B73B83AFFB7FF95FF1E94B5F4F7FDF5" blockId="6.[151,1436,229,603]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB7FF95FF1E94B5F235FF51" bold="true" box="[151,626,229,255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
Light microscopy (
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FE0C94B5F257FF51" box="[389,528,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–36" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1872,1893]" captionTargetBox="[188,1397,491,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-188@2.[188,1398,490,1847]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–36. Planothidium biporomum and Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. LM views. Figs 1–18. Planothidium biporomum. Valve views. Savannah River, Georgia, U.S.A., ANSP G.M.C. 3521(3). Figs 1–13. Rapheless valves. Figs 14–18. Raphe valves. Figs 19–36. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. Valve views. ‘Croix au Buis’ creek (Yvette River basin, Magny-les-Hameaux, France), BR- 4315. Figs 19–27. Rapheless valves. Figs 28–36. Raphe valves. Fig. 21. Holotype designated. ‘=’ signal indicates the valves of the same frustule. Scale bar represents 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099690/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Figs 19–36</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FD9794B5F22DFF51" box="[542,618,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURES 62–79" captionStartId="6.[151,258,1325,1346]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,656,1302]" captionTargetId="figure-477@6.[188,1398,655,1303]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 62–79. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. LM views. Pardinho River, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. BR-4316. Figs 62–70. Rapheless valves. Figs 71–79. Raphe valves. Scale bar represents 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099696/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">62–79</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB7FF95FDF294B5F2DFFF51" bold="true" box="[635,664,229,255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">—</emphasis>
Valves lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate with convex margins and rostrate, protracted apices. Valve dimensions (n=30): length 18.0–
<quantity id="4C3415DFFFB7FF95FC1A955CF3B0FE88" box="[915,1015,268,294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="25.4">25.4 µm</quantity>
, width 6.4–7.0 µm. Rapheless valve (
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FF169562F160FEE2" box="[159,295,306,332]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–36" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1872,1893]" captionTargetBox="[188,1397,491,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-188@2.[188,1398,490,1847]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–36. Planothidium biporomum and Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. LM views. Figs 1–18. Planothidium biporomum. Valve views. Savannah River, Georgia, U.S.A., ANSP G.M.C. 3521(3). Figs 1–13. Rapheless valves. Figs 14–18. Raphe valves. Figs 19–36. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. Valve views. ‘Croix au Buis’ creek (Yvette River basin, Magny-les-Hameaux, France), BR- 4315. Figs 19–27. Rapheless valves. Figs 28–36. Raphe valves. Fig. 21. Holotype designated. ‘=’ signal indicates the valves of the same frustule. Scale bar represents 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099690/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Figs 19–27</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FEBD9562F1C5FEE2" box="[308,386,306,332]" captionStart="FIGURES 62–79" captionStartId="6.[151,258,1325,1346]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,656,1302]" captionTargetId="figure-477@6.[188,1398,655,1303]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 62–79. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. LM views. Pardinho River, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. BR-4316. Figs 62–70. Rapheless valves. Figs 71–79. Raphe valves. Scale bar represents 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099696/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
62
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB7FF95FED89562F127FEE2" bold="true" box="[337,352,306,332]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">–</emphasis>
70
</figureCitation>
): Axial area narrow, straight linear. Central area with a unilateral large horseshoe-shaped hyaline area with a cavum clearly visible. On the opposite side, striae either not shortened sometimes slightly shortened striae forming hence a small circular area (
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FCA895D0F33AFE34" box="[801,893,384,410]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–36" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1872,1893]" captionTargetBox="[188,1397,491,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-188@2.[188,1398,490,1847]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–36. Planothidium biporomum and Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. LM views. Figs 1–18. Planothidium biporomum. Valve views. Savannah River, Georgia, U.S.A., ANSP G.M.C. 3521(3). Figs 1–13. Rapheless valves. Figs 14–18. Raphe valves. Figs 19–36. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. Valve views. ‘Croix au Buis’ creek (Yvette River basin, Magny-les-Hameaux, France), BR- 4315. Figs 19–27. Rapheless valves. Figs 28–36. Raphe valves. Fig. 21. Holotype designated. ‘=’ signal indicates the valves of the same frustule. Scale bar represents 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099690/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
). Striae weakly radiate throughout the entire valve. Between 13 and 15 striae in
<quantity id="4C3415DFFFB7FF95FDB395F6F2CFFE6E" box="[570,648,422,448]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 µm</quantity>
measured at the central part of the valve opposite to the unilateral expansion. Raphe valve (
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FE33959DF206FE49" box="[442,577,461,487]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–36" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1872,1893]" captionTargetBox="[188,1397,491,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-188@2.[188,1398,490,1847]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–36. Planothidium biporomum and Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. LM views. Figs 1–18. Planothidium biporomum. Valve views. Savannah River, Georgia, U.S.A., ANSP G.M.C. 3521(3). Figs 1–13. Rapheless valves. Figs 14–18. Raphe valves. Figs 19–36. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. Valve views. ‘Croix au Buis’ creek (Yvette River basin, Magny-les-Hameaux, France), BR- 4315. Figs 19–27. Rapheless valves. Figs 28–36. Raphe valves. Fig. 21. Holotype designated. ‘=’ signal indicates the valves of the same frustule. Scale bar represents 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099690/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Figs 28–36</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FDC5959DF2DDFE49" box="[588,666,461,487]" captionStart="FIGURES 62–79" captionStartId="6.[151,258,1325,1346]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,656,1302]" captionTargetId="figure-477@6.[188,1398,655,1303]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 62–79. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. LM views. Pardinho River, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. BR-4316. Figs 62–70. Rapheless valves. Figs 71–79. Raphe valves. Scale bar represents 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099696/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">71–79</figureCitation>
): Axial area narrow, linear, widening near the central area. Central area rectangular to slightly rounded, bordered on each side by usually two up to three shortened striae. Raphe branches straight with expanded, drop-like proximal raphe endings. Distal raphe fissures unilaterally deflected. Striae radiate throughout the entire valve,
<quantity id="4C3415DFFFB7FF95FD099611F2A0FDF5" box="[640,743,577,603]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="3.302" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" unit="in" value="14.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="13.0">13–15 in</quantity>
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. Areolae not discernible in LM.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DFB3E8B2FFB7FF95FF1E917DF311FAF1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099696" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5099696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099696/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" startId="6.[151,258,1325,1346]" targetBox="[188,1398,656,1302]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8B73B83AFFB7FF95FF1E917DF311FAF1" blockId="6.[151,1438,1325,1375]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB7FF95FF1E917DF2E4FAED" bold="true" box="[151,675,1325,1347]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
FIGURES 62–79.
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB7FF95FEDB917DF2E4FAED" bold="true" box="[338,675,1325,1347]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="4CCCC3B9FFB7FF95FEDB917DF217FAED" authority="Wetzel &amp; Hoffmann &amp; Ector, 2013" authorityName="Wetzel &amp; Hoffmann &amp; Ector" authorityYear="2013" box="[338,592,1325,1347]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="incuriatum" status="sp. nov.">Planothidium incuriatum</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A28BD953FFB7FF95FDDE917DF2E4FAED" box="[599,675,1325,1347]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
LM views. Pardinho River, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. BR-4316. Figs 62–70. Rapheless valves. Figs 71–79. Raphe valves. Scale bar represents 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3D6EBB1FFB7FF95FF4F91DFF2B3F8FC" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B73B83AFFB7FF95FF4F91DFF2B3F8FC" blockId="6.[151,1436,1423,2029]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB7FF95FF4F91DFF306FA07" bold="true" box="[198,833,1423,1449]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
Scanning electron microscopy (
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FDDA91DFF299FA07" box="[595,734,1423,1449]" captionStart="FIGURES 51–61" captionStartId="5.[151,258,1773,1794]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,192,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-203@5.[226,1360,191,1751]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 51–61. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. SEM views. ‘Croix au Buis’ creek (Yvette River basin, Magny-les-Hameaux, France), BR-4315. Fig. 51. External view of rapheless valve. Fig. 52. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 53. External view of raphe valve. Fig. 54. Internal view of rapheless valve. Fig. 55. Internal detailed view of raphe valve central area. Fig. 56. External detail of a raphe valve. Two reduced striae at both sides forming an irregular rectangular central area. Drop-like proximal raphe ends. Striae usually formed by three rows of areolae. Fig. 57. Detail of cavum aperture. Open border attached to the neighbour striae. Fig. 58. Detail of raphe ends. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle. Fig. 59. Open non-perforated and ligulated connective bands. Figs 60–61. Detail of striae usually triseriate from the rapheless valve, as well as the areolae located in the mantle. Scale bars: Figs 51–53 = 5 µm; Fig. 54 = 10 µm; Figs 55–56, 60 = 4 µm; Figs 57–59 = 3 µm; Fig. 61 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099694/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Figs 51–61</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FD6791DFF37FFA07" box="[750,824,1423,1449]" captionStart="FIGURES 80–89" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1725,1746]" captionTargetBox="[244,1343,192,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[243,1343,191,1704]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 80–89. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. SEM views. Pardinho River, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. BR-4316. Fig. 80. External view of rapheless valve. Note the similar areolae arrangement with the France population. Fig. 81. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 82. Internal view of rapheless valve with wide cavum aperture. Fig. 83. External view of raphe valve showing two reduced striae at both sides forming a rectangular central area. Fig. 84. Internal view of raphe valve reduced helictoglossae. Fig. 85. Internal view of rapheless valve apice. Fig. 86. Detail of central area of rapheless valve showing the triseriate striae, irregular rounded depressions along the apical axis and the external unilateral expansion. Fig. 87. Detail of central area of raphe valve. Figs 88–89. Detail of striae in raphe valve usually composed by 3–4 rows of areolae from the rapheless valve. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle located at each stria. Scale bars: Figs 80–83 = 5 µm; Figs 86–87 = 4 µm; Figs 84–85, 88–89 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">80–89</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB7FF95FCC091DFF321FA07" bold="true" box="[841,870,1423,1449]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">—</emphasis>
Rapheless valve: striae composed externally of two to three rows of small rounded areolae (
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FD2391E5F325FA61" box="[682,866,1461,1487]" captionStart="FIGURES 51–61" captionStartId="5.[151,258,1773,1794]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,192,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-203@5.[226,1360,191,1751]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 51–61. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. SEM views. ‘Croix au Buis’ creek (Yvette River basin, Magny-les-Hameaux, France), BR-4315. Fig. 51. External view of rapheless valve. Fig. 52. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 53. External view of raphe valve. Fig. 54. Internal view of rapheless valve. Fig. 55. Internal detailed view of raphe valve central area. Fig. 56. External detail of a raphe valve. Two reduced striae at both sides forming an irregular rectangular central area. Drop-like proximal raphe ends. Striae usually formed by three rows of areolae. Fig. 57. Detail of cavum aperture. Open border attached to the neighbour striae. Fig. 58. Detail of raphe ends. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle. Fig. 59. Open non-perforated and ligulated connective bands. Figs 60–61. Detail of striae usually triseriate from the rapheless valve, as well as the areolae located in the mantle. Scale bars: Figs 51–53 = 5 µm; Fig. 54 = 10 µm; Figs 55–56, 60 = 4 µm; Figs 57–59 = 3 µm; Fig. 61 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099694/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Figs 51, 60, 61</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FCF991E5F3F9FA61" box="[880,958,1461,1487]" captionStart="FIGURES 80–89" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1725,1746]" captionTargetBox="[244,1343,192,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[243,1343,191,1704]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 80–89. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. SEM views. Pardinho River, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. BR-4316. Fig. 80. External view of rapheless valve. Note the similar areolae arrangement with the France population. Fig. 81. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 82. Internal view of rapheless valve with wide cavum aperture. Fig. 83. External view of raphe valve showing two reduced striae at both sides forming a rectangular central area. Fig. 84. Internal view of raphe valve reduced helictoglossae. Fig. 85. Internal view of rapheless valve apice. Fig. 86. Detail of central area of rapheless valve showing the triseriate striae, irregular rounded depressions along the apical axis and the external unilateral expansion. Fig. 87. Detail of central area of raphe valve. Figs 88–89. Detail of striae in raphe valve usually composed by 3–4 rows of areolae from the rapheless valve. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle located at each stria. Scale bars: Figs 80–83 = 5 µm; Figs 86–87 = 4 µm; Figs 84–85, 88–89 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">80, 86</figureCitation>
), the middle row being smaller than the two parallel outer rows (
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FE59918CF275FA58" box="[464,562,1500,1526]" captionStart="FIGURES 51–61" captionStartId="5.[151,258,1773,1794]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,192,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-203@5.[226,1360,191,1751]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 51–61. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. SEM views. ‘Croix au Buis’ creek (Yvette River basin, Magny-les-Hameaux, France), BR-4315. Fig. 51. External view of rapheless valve. Fig. 52. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 53. External view of raphe valve. Fig. 54. Internal view of rapheless valve. Fig. 55. Internal detailed view of raphe valve central area. Fig. 56. External detail of a raphe valve. Two reduced striae at both sides forming an irregular rectangular central area. Drop-like proximal raphe ends. Striae usually formed by three rows of areolae. Fig. 57. Detail of cavum aperture. Open border attached to the neighbour striae. Fig. 58. Detail of raphe ends. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle. Fig. 59. Open non-perforated and ligulated connective bands. Figs 60–61. Detail of striae usually triseriate from the rapheless valve, as well as the areolae located in the mantle. Scale bars: Figs 51–53 = 5 µm; Fig. 54 = 10 µm; Figs 55–56, 60 = 4 µm; Figs 57–59 = 3 µm; Fig. 61 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099694/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Figs 61</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FDCB918CF222FA58" box="[578,613,1500,1526]" captionStart="FIGURES 80–89" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1725,1746]" captionTargetBox="[244,1343,192,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[243,1343,191,1704]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 80–89. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. SEM views. Pardinho River, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. BR-4316. Fig. 80. External view of rapheless valve. Note the similar areolae arrangement with the France population. Fig. 81. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 82. Internal view of rapheless valve with wide cavum aperture. Fig. 83. External view of raphe valve showing two reduced striae at both sides forming a rectangular central area. Fig. 84. Internal view of raphe valve reduced helictoglossae. Fig. 85. Internal view of rapheless valve apice. Fig. 86. Detail of central area of rapheless valve showing the triseriate striae, irregular rounded depressions along the apical axis and the external unilateral expansion. Fig. 87. Detail of central area of raphe valve. Figs 88–89. Detail of striae in raphe valve usually composed by 3–4 rows of areolae from the rapheless valve. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle located at each stria. Scale bars: Figs 80–83 = 5 µm; Figs 86–87 = 4 µm; Figs 84–85, 88–89 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">86</figureCitation>
). Striae near the axial area often composed of two (
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FB70918CF5C9FA58" box="[1273,1422,1500,1526]" captionStart="FIGURES 51–61" captionStartId="5.[151,258,1773,1794]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,192,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-203@5.[226,1360,191,1751]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 51–61. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. SEM views. ‘Croix au Buis’ creek (Yvette River basin, Magny-les-Hameaux, France), BR-4315. Fig. 51. External view of rapheless valve. Fig. 52. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 53. External view of raphe valve. Fig. 54. Internal view of rapheless valve. Fig. 55. Internal detailed view of raphe valve central area. Fig. 56. External detail of a raphe valve. Two reduced striae at both sides forming an irregular rectangular central area. Drop-like proximal raphe ends. Striae usually formed by three rows of areolae. Fig. 57. Detail of cavum aperture. Open border attached to the neighbour striae. Fig. 58. Detail of raphe ends. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle. Fig. 59. Open non-perforated and ligulated connective bands. Figs 60–61. Detail of striae usually triseriate from the rapheless valve, as well as the areolae located in the mantle. Scale bars: Figs 51–53 = 5 µm; Fig. 54 = 10 µm; Figs 55–56, 60 = 4 µm; Figs 57–59 = 3 µm; Fig. 61 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099694/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Figs 51, 60</figureCitation>
), sometimes three (
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FEE29253F18FF9B3" box="[363,456,1539,1565]" captionStart="FIGURES 51–61" captionStartId="5.[151,258,1773,1794]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,192,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-203@5.[226,1360,191,1751]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 51–61. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. SEM views. ‘Croix au Buis’ creek (Yvette River basin, Magny-les-Hameaux, France), BR-4315. Fig. 51. External view of rapheless valve. Fig. 52. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 53. External view of raphe valve. Fig. 54. Internal view of rapheless valve. Fig. 55. Internal detailed view of raphe valve central area. Fig. 56. External detail of a raphe valve. Two reduced striae at both sides forming an irregular rectangular central area. Drop-like proximal raphe ends. Striae usually formed by three rows of areolae. Fig. 57. Detail of cavum aperture. Open border attached to the neighbour striae. Fig. 58. Detail of raphe ends. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle. Fig. 59. Open non-perforated and ligulated connective bands. Figs 60–61. Detail of striae usually triseriate from the rapheless valve, as well as the areolae located in the mantle. Scale bars: Figs 51–53 = 5 µm; Fig. 54 = 10 µm; Figs 55–56, 60 = 4 µm; Figs 57–59 = 3 µm; Fig. 61 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099694/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Figs 61</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FE5C9253F1B3F9B3" box="[469,500,1539,1565]" captionStart="FIGURES 80–89" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1725,1746]" captionTargetBox="[244,1343,192,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[243,1343,191,1704]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 80–89. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. SEM views. Pardinho River, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. BR-4316. Fig. 80. External view of rapheless valve. Note the similar areolae arrangement with the France population. Fig. 81. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 82. Internal view of rapheless valve with wide cavum aperture. Fig. 83. External view of raphe valve showing two reduced striae at both sides forming a rectangular central area. Fig. 84. Internal view of raphe valve reduced helictoglossae. Fig. 85. Internal view of rapheless valve apice. Fig. 86. Detail of central area of rapheless valve showing the triseriate striae, irregular rounded depressions along the apical axis and the external unilateral expansion. Fig. 87. Detail of central area of raphe valve. Figs 88–89. Detail of striae in raphe valve usually composed by 3–4 rows of areolae from the rapheless valve. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle located at each stria. Scale bars: Figs 80–83 = 5 µm; Figs 86–87 = 4 µm; Figs 84–85, 88–89 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">86</figureCitation>
) rows of areolae near the valve mantle. Striae continuing shortly on the valve mantle (
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FF7F9279F117F9ED" box="[246,336,1577,1603]" captionStart="FIGURES 51–61" captionStartId="5.[151,258,1773,1794]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,192,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-203@5.[226,1360,191,1751]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 51–61. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. SEM views. ‘Croix au Buis’ creek (Yvette River basin, Magny-les-Hameaux, France), BR-4315. Fig. 51. External view of rapheless valve. Fig. 52. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 53. External view of raphe valve. Fig. 54. Internal view of rapheless valve. Fig. 55. Internal detailed view of raphe valve central area. Fig. 56. External detail of a raphe valve. Two reduced striae at both sides forming an irregular rectangular central area. Drop-like proximal raphe ends. Striae usually formed by three rows of areolae. Fig. 57. Detail of cavum aperture. Open border attached to the neighbour striae. Fig. 58. Detail of raphe ends. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle. Fig. 59. Open non-perforated and ligulated connective bands. Figs 60–61. Detail of striae usually triseriate from the rapheless valve, as well as the areolae located in the mantle. Scale bars: Figs 51–53 = 5 µm; Fig. 54 = 10 µm; Figs 55–56, 60 = 4 µm; Figs 57–59 = 3 µm; Fig. 61 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099694/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Figs 61</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FED59279F13AF9ED" box="[348,381,1577,1603]" captionStart="FIGURES 80–89" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1725,1746]" captionTargetBox="[244,1343,192,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[243,1343,191,1704]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 80–89. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. SEM views. Pardinho River, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. BR-4316. Fig. 80. External view of rapheless valve. Note the similar areolae arrangement with the France population. Fig. 81. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 82. Internal view of rapheless valve with wide cavum aperture. Fig. 83. External view of raphe valve showing two reduced striae at both sides forming a rectangular central area. Fig. 84. Internal view of raphe valve reduced helictoglossae. Fig. 85. Internal view of rapheless valve apice. Fig. 86. Detail of central area of rapheless valve showing the triseriate striae, irregular rounded depressions along the apical axis and the external unilateral expansion. Fig. 87. Detail of central area of raphe valve. Figs 88–89. Detail of striae in raphe valve usually composed by 3–4 rows of areolae from the rapheless valve. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle located at each stria. Scale bars: Figs 80–83 = 5 µm; Figs 86–87 = 4 µm; Figs 84–85, 88–89 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">80</figureCitation>
). Raphe valve: striae broader than the virgae, composed of three (
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FBF39279F497F9ED" box="[1146,1232,1577,1603]" captionStart="FIGURES 51–61" captionStartId="5.[151,258,1773,1794]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,192,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-203@5.[226,1360,191,1751]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 51–61. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. SEM views. ‘Croix au Buis’ creek (Yvette River basin, Magny-les-Hameaux, France), BR-4315. Fig. 51. External view of rapheless valve. Fig. 52. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 53. External view of raphe valve. Fig. 54. Internal view of rapheless valve. Fig. 55. Internal detailed view of raphe valve central area. Fig. 56. External detail of a raphe valve. Two reduced striae at both sides forming an irregular rectangular central area. Drop-like proximal raphe ends. Striae usually formed by three rows of areolae. Fig. 57. Detail of cavum aperture. Open border attached to the neighbour striae. Fig. 58. Detail of raphe ends. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle. Fig. 59. Open non-perforated and ligulated connective bands. Figs 60–61. Detail of striae usually triseriate from the rapheless valve, as well as the areolae located in the mantle. Scale bars: Figs 51–53 = 5 µm; Fig. 54 = 10 µm; Figs 55–56, 60 = 4 µm; Figs 57–59 = 3 µm; Fig. 61 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099694/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
) to four (
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FAB59279F0F0F9C4" captionStart="FIGURES 80–89" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1725,1746]" captionTargetBox="[244,1343,192,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[243,1343,191,1704]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 80–89. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. SEM views. Pardinho River, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. BR-4316. Fig. 80. External view of rapheless valve. Note the similar areolae arrangement with the France population. Fig. 81. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 82. Internal view of rapheless valve with wide cavum aperture. Fig. 83. External view of raphe valve showing two reduced striae at both sides forming a rectangular central area. Fig. 84. Internal view of raphe valve reduced helictoglossae. Fig. 85. Internal view of rapheless valve apice. Fig. 86. Detail of central area of rapheless valve showing the triseriate striae, irregular rounded depressions along the apical axis and the external unilateral expansion. Fig. 87. Detail of central area of raphe valve. Figs 88–89. Detail of striae in raphe valve usually composed by 3–4 rows of areolae from the rapheless valve. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle located at each stria. Scale bars: Figs 80–83 = 5 µm; Figs 86–87 = 4 µm; Figs 84–85, 88–89 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Figs 83, 88</figureCitation>
) rows of rounded areolae (
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FD819200F220F9C4" box="[520,615,1616,1642]" captionStart="FIGURES 80–89" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1725,1746]" captionTargetBox="[244,1343,192,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[243,1343,191,1704]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 80–89. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. SEM views. Pardinho River, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. BR-4316. Fig. 80. External view of rapheless valve. Note the similar areolae arrangement with the France population. Fig. 81. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 82. Internal view of rapheless valve with wide cavum aperture. Fig. 83. External view of raphe valve showing two reduced striae at both sides forming a rectangular central area. Fig. 84. Internal view of raphe valve reduced helictoglossae. Fig. 85. Internal view of rapheless valve apice. Fig. 86. Detail of central area of rapheless valve showing the triseriate striae, irregular rounded depressions along the apical axis and the external unilateral expansion. Fig. 87. Detail of central area of raphe valve. Figs 88–89. Detail of striae in raphe valve usually composed by 3–4 rows of areolae from the rapheless valve. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle located at each stria. Scale bars: Figs 80–83 = 5 µm; Figs 86–87 = 4 µm; Figs 84–85, 88–89 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Fig. 89</figureCitation>
). Striae internally sunken between raised virgae (
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FB479200F568F9C4" box="[1230,1327,1616,1642]" captionStart="FIGURES 51–61" captionStartId="5.[151,258,1773,1794]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,192,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-203@5.[226,1360,191,1751]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 51–61. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. SEM views. ‘Croix au Buis’ creek (Yvette River basin, Magny-les-Hameaux, France), BR-4315. Fig. 51. External view of rapheless valve. Fig. 52. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 53. External view of raphe valve. Fig. 54. Internal view of rapheless valve. Fig. 55. Internal detailed view of raphe valve central area. Fig. 56. External detail of a raphe valve. Two reduced striae at both sides forming an irregular rectangular central area. Drop-like proximal raphe ends. Striae usually formed by three rows of areolae. Fig. 57. Detail of cavum aperture. Open border attached to the neighbour striae. Fig. 58. Detail of raphe ends. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle. Fig. 59. Open non-perforated and ligulated connective bands. Figs 60–61. Detail of striae usually triseriate from the rapheless valve, as well as the areolae located in the mantle. Scale bars: Figs 51–53 = 5 µm; Fig. 54 = 10 µm; Figs 55–56, 60 = 4 µm; Figs 57–59 = 3 µm; Fig. 61 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099694/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Figs 55</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FAB49200F5C9F9C4" box="[1341,1422,1616,1642]" captionStart="FIGURES 80–89" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1725,1746]" captionTargetBox="[244,1343,192,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[243,1343,191,1704]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 80–89. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. SEM views. Pardinho River, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. BR-4316. Fig. 80. External view of rapheless valve. Note the similar areolae arrangement with the France population. Fig. 81. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 82. Internal view of rapheless valve with wide cavum aperture. Fig. 83. External view of raphe valve showing two reduced striae at both sides forming a rectangular central area. Fig. 84. Internal view of raphe valve reduced helictoglossae. Fig. 85. Internal view of rapheless valve apice. Fig. 86. Detail of central area of rapheless valve showing the triseriate striae, irregular rounded depressions along the apical axis and the external unilateral expansion. Fig. 87. Detail of central area of raphe valve. Figs 88–89. Detail of striae in raphe valve usually composed by 3–4 rows of areolae from the rapheless valve. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle located at each stria. Scale bars: Figs 80–83 = 5 µm; Figs 86–87 = 4 µm; Figs 84–85, 88–89 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">81–82</figureCitation>
). Areolae internally covered by individual hymenes (
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FD7D9227F30AF93F" box="[756,845,1655,1681]" captionStart="FIGURES 51–61" captionStartId="5.[151,258,1773,1794]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,192,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-203@5.[226,1360,191,1751]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 51–61. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. SEM views. ‘Croix au Buis’ creek (Yvette River basin, Magny-les-Hameaux, France), BR-4315. Fig. 51. External view of rapheless valve. Fig. 52. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 53. External view of raphe valve. Fig. 54. Internal view of rapheless valve. Fig. 55. Internal detailed view of raphe valve central area. Fig. 56. External detail of a raphe valve. Two reduced striae at both sides forming an irregular rectangular central area. Drop-like proximal raphe ends. Striae usually formed by three rows of areolae. Fig. 57. Detail of cavum aperture. Open border attached to the neighbour striae. Fig. 58. Detail of raphe ends. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle. Fig. 59. Open non-perforated and ligulated connective bands. Figs 60–61. Detail of striae usually triseriate from the rapheless valve, as well as the areolae located in the mantle. Scale bars: Figs 51–53 = 5 µm; Fig. 54 = 10 µm; Figs 55–56, 60 = 4 µm; Figs 57–59 = 3 µm; Fig. 61 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099694/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
). Proximal external raphe endings expanded (
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FAE19227F0A3F919" captionStart="FIGURES 51–61" captionStartId="5.[151,258,1773,1794]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,192,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-203@5.[226,1360,191,1751]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 51–61. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. SEM views. ‘Croix au Buis’ creek (Yvette River basin, Magny-les-Hameaux, France), BR-4315. Fig. 51. External view of rapheless valve. Fig. 52. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 53. External view of raphe valve. Fig. 54. Internal view of rapheless valve. Fig. 55. Internal detailed view of raphe valve central area. Fig. 56. External detail of a raphe valve. Two reduced striae at both sides forming an irregular rectangular central area. Drop-like proximal raphe ends. Striae usually formed by three rows of areolae. Fig. 57. Detail of cavum aperture. Open border attached to the neighbour striae. Fig. 58. Detail of raphe ends. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle. Fig. 59. Open non-perforated and ligulated connective bands. Figs 60–61. Detail of striae usually triseriate from the rapheless valve, as well as the areolae located in the mantle. Scale bars: Figs 51–53 = 5 µm; Fig. 54 = 10 µm; Figs 55–56, 60 = 4 µm; Figs 57–59 = 3 µm; Fig. 61 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099694/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Figs 53, 56</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FF7B92CDF154F919" box="[242,275,1693,1719]" captionStart="FIGURES 80–89" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1725,1746]" captionTargetBox="[244,1343,192,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[243,1343,191,1704]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 80–89. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. SEM views. Pardinho River, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. BR-4316. Fig. 80. External view of rapheless valve. Note the similar areolae arrangement with the France population. Fig. 81. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 82. Internal view of rapheless valve with wide cavum aperture. Fig. 83. External view of raphe valve showing two reduced striae at both sides forming a rectangular central area. Fig. 84. Internal view of raphe valve reduced helictoglossae. Fig. 85. Internal view of rapheless valve apice. Fig. 86. Detail of central area of rapheless valve showing the triseriate striae, irregular rounded depressions along the apical axis and the external unilateral expansion. Fig. 87. Detail of central area of raphe valve. Figs 88–89. Detail of striae in raphe valve usually composed by 3–4 rows of areolae from the rapheless valve. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle located at each stria. Scale bars: Figs 80–83 = 5 µm; Figs 86–87 = 4 µm; Figs 84–85, 88–89 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">83</figureCitation>
). Distal raphe fissures bent, continuing shortly onto the valve mantle (
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FBD692CDF4FEF919" box="[1119,1209,1693,1719]" captionStart="FIGURES 51–61" captionStartId="5.[151,258,1773,1794]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,192,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-203@5.[226,1360,191,1751]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 51–61. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. SEM views. ‘Croix au Buis’ creek (Yvette River basin, Magny-les-Hameaux, France), BR-4315. Fig. 51. External view of rapheless valve. Fig. 52. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 53. External view of raphe valve. Fig. 54. Internal view of rapheless valve. Fig. 55. Internal detailed view of raphe valve central area. Fig. 56. External detail of a raphe valve. Two reduced striae at both sides forming an irregular rectangular central area. Drop-like proximal raphe ends. Striae usually formed by three rows of areolae. Fig. 57. Detail of cavum aperture. Open border attached to the neighbour striae. Fig. 58. Detail of raphe ends. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle. Fig. 59. Open non-perforated and ligulated connective bands. Figs 60–61. Detail of striae usually triseriate from the rapheless valve, as well as the areolae located in the mantle. Scale bars: Figs 51–53 = 5 µm; Fig. 54 = 10 µm; Figs 55–56, 60 = 4 µm; Figs 57–59 = 3 µm; Fig. 61 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099694/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
). Internally central nodule raised, with proximal raphe endings not enlarged, deflected to opposite sides (
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FB279294F54BF970" box="[1198,1292,1732,1758]" captionStart="FIGURES 51–61" captionStartId="5.[151,258,1773,1794]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,192,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-203@5.[226,1360,191,1751]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 51–61. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. SEM views. ‘Croix au Buis’ creek (Yvette River basin, Magny-les-Hameaux, France), BR-4315. Fig. 51. External view of rapheless valve. Fig. 52. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 53. External view of raphe valve. Fig. 54. Internal view of rapheless valve. Fig. 55. Internal detailed view of raphe valve central area. Fig. 56. External detail of a raphe valve. Two reduced striae at both sides forming an irregular rectangular central area. Drop-like proximal raphe ends. Striae usually formed by three rows of areolae. Fig. 57. Detail of cavum aperture. Open border attached to the neighbour striae. Fig. 58. Detail of raphe ends. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle. Fig. 59. Open non-perforated and ligulated connective bands. Figs 60–61. Detail of striae usually triseriate from the rapheless valve, as well as the areolae located in the mantle. Scale bars: Figs 51–53 = 5 µm; Fig. 54 = 10 µm; Figs 55–56, 60 = 4 µm; Figs 57–59 = 3 µm; Fig. 61 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099694/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Figs 55</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FA929294F57AF970" box="[1307,1341,1732,1758]" captionStart="FIGURES 80–89" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1725,1746]" captionTargetBox="[244,1343,192,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[243,1343,191,1704]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 80–89. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. SEM views. Pardinho River, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. BR-4316. Fig. 80. External view of rapheless valve. Note the similar areolae arrangement with the France population. Fig. 81. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 82. Internal view of rapheless valve with wide cavum aperture. Fig. 83. External view of raphe valve showing two reduced striae at both sides forming a rectangular central area. Fig. 84. Internal view of raphe valve reduced helictoglossae. Fig. 85. Internal view of rapheless valve apice. Fig. 86. Detail of central area of rapheless valve showing the triseriate striae, irregular rounded depressions along the apical axis and the external unilateral expansion. Fig. 87. Detail of central area of raphe valve. Figs 88–89. Detail of striae in raphe valve usually composed by 3–4 rows of areolae from the rapheless valve. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle located at each stria. Scale bars: Figs 80–83 = 5 µm; Figs 86–87 = 4 µm; Figs 84–85, 88–89 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">87</figureCitation>
). Distal raphe ends terminate internally with inconspicuous helictoglossae (
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FC6992BBF479F8AB" box="[992,1086,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURES 80–89" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1725,1746]" captionTargetBox="[244,1343,192,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[243,1343,191,1704]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 80–89. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. SEM views. Pardinho River, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. BR-4316. Fig. 80. External view of rapheless valve. Note the similar areolae arrangement with the France population. Fig. 81. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 82. Internal view of rapheless valve with wide cavum aperture. Fig. 83. External view of raphe valve showing two reduced striae at both sides forming a rectangular central area. Fig. 84. Internal view of raphe valve reduced helictoglossae. Fig. 85. Internal view of rapheless valve apice. Fig. 86. Detail of central area of rapheless valve showing the triseriate striae, irregular rounded depressions along the apical axis and the external unilateral expansion. Fig. 87. Detail of central area of raphe valve. Figs 88–89. Detail of striae in raphe valve usually composed by 3–4 rows of areolae from the rapheless valve. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle located at each stria. Scale bars: Figs 80–83 = 5 µm; Figs 86–87 = 4 µm; Figs 84–85, 88–89 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Fig. 84</figureCitation>
). Shallow rounded irregular depressions also present in the central and axial area (
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FC9D9341F337F885" box="[788,880,1809,1835]" captionStart="FIGURES 51–61" captionStartId="5.[151,258,1773,1794]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,192,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-203@5.[226,1360,191,1751]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 51–61. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. SEM views. ‘Croix au Buis’ creek (Yvette River basin, Magny-les-Hameaux, France), BR-4315. Fig. 51. External view of rapheless valve. Fig. 52. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 53. External view of raphe valve. Fig. 54. Internal view of rapheless valve. Fig. 55. Internal detailed view of raphe valve central area. Fig. 56. External detail of a raphe valve. Two reduced striae at both sides forming an irregular rectangular central area. Drop-like proximal raphe ends. Striae usually formed by three rows of areolae. Fig. 57. Detail of cavum aperture. Open border attached to the neighbour striae. Fig. 58. Detail of raphe ends. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle. Fig. 59. Open non-perforated and ligulated connective bands. Figs 60–61. Detail of striae usually triseriate from the rapheless valve, as well as the areolae located in the mantle. Scale bars: Figs 51–53 = 5 µm; Fig. 54 = 10 µm; Figs 55–56, 60 = 4 µm; Figs 57–59 = 3 µm; Fig. 61 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099694/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Figs 51</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FCF49341F38CF885" box="[893,971,1809,1835]" captionStart="FIGURES 80–89" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1725,1746]" captionTargetBox="[244,1343,192,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[243,1343,191,1704]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 80–89. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. SEM views. Pardinho River, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. BR-4316. Fig. 80. External view of rapheless valve. Note the similar areolae arrangement with the France population. Fig. 81. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 82. Internal view of rapheless valve with wide cavum aperture. Fig. 83. External view of raphe valve showing two reduced striae at both sides forming a rectangular central area. Fig. 84. Internal view of raphe valve reduced helictoglossae. Fig. 85. Internal view of rapheless valve apice. Fig. 86. Detail of central area of rapheless valve showing the triseriate striae, irregular rounded depressions along the apical axis and the external unilateral expansion. Fig. 87. Detail of central area of raphe valve. Figs 88–89. Detail of striae in raphe valve usually composed by 3–4 rows of areolae from the rapheless valve. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle located at each stria. Scale bars: Figs 80–83 = 5 µm; Figs 86–87 = 4 µm; Figs 84–85, 88–89 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">80, 86</figureCitation>
). Groups of two small rounded poroids located externally in the valve mantle (
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FDD79368F2AFF8FC" box="[606,744,1848,1874]" captionStart="FIGURES 80–89" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1725,1746]" captionTargetBox="[244,1343,192,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[243,1343,191,1704]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 80–89. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. SEM views. Pardinho River, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. BR-4316. Fig. 80. External view of rapheless valve. Note the similar areolae arrangement with the France population. Fig. 81. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 82. Internal view of rapheless valve with wide cavum aperture. Fig. 83. External view of raphe valve showing two reduced striae at both sides forming a rectangular central area. Fig. 84. Internal view of raphe valve reduced helictoglossae. Fig. 85. Internal view of rapheless valve apice. Fig. 86. Detail of central area of rapheless valve showing the triseriate striae, irregular rounded depressions along the apical axis and the external unilateral expansion. Fig. 87. Detail of central area of raphe valve. Figs 88–89. Detail of striae in raphe valve usually composed by 3–4 rows of areolae from the rapheless valve. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle located at each stria. Scale bars: Figs 80–83 = 5 µm; Figs 86–87 = 4 µm; Figs 84–85, 88–89 = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Figs 88–89</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3D6EBB1FFB7FF9BFF4F930FF314FF51" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B73B83AFFB7FF95FF4F930FF4BCF843" blockId="6.[151,1436,1423,2029]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
<materialsCitation id="3BA4B267FFB7FF95FF4F930FF563F868" collectingDate="2012-04-25" collectionCode="GREBE" country="France" county="France" latitude="48.71806" location="Ile de France Region" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="2.0734706" municipality="Lyon" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB7FF95FF4F930FF25FF8D7" bold="true" box="[198,536,1887,1913]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
<typeStatus id="54770698FFB7FF95FF4F930FF17FF8D7" box="[198,312,1887,1913]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(designated here)
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB7FF95FDA9930FF27AF8D7" bold="true" box="[544,573,1887,1913]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">—</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3DBF8AAFFB7FF95FDB4930FF2F3F8D7" box="[573,692,1887,1913]" name="France" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
.
<location id="8E13EEE1FFB7FF95FD49930FF3FFF8D7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0365092CFFB7FF9BFF1E94C7F4A3FB68:8E13EEE1FFB7FF95FD49930FF3FFF8D7" box="[704,952,1887,1913]" country="France" county="France" latitude="48.71806" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="2.0734706" municipality="Lyon" name="Ile de France Region" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Île de France Region</location>
(
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),
<location id="8E13EEE1FFB7FF95FBCE930FF504F8D7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0365092CFFB7FF9BFF1E94C7F4A3FB68:8E13EEE1FFB7FF95FBCE930FF504F8D7" box="[1095,1347,1887,1913]" country="France" county="France" latitude="48.71806" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="2.0734706" municipality="Lyon" name="Magny-les-Hameaux" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Magny-les-Hameaux</location>
: ‘
<location id="8E13EEE1FFB7FF95FADA930FF0B9F831" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0365092CFFB7FF9BFF1E94C7F4A3FB68:8E13EEE1FFB7FF95FADA930FF0B9F831" country="France" county="France" latitude="48.71806" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="2.0734706" municipality="Lyon" name="Croix au Buis'" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
Croix au
<location id="8E13EEE1FFB7FF95FF3593D5F0B9F831" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0365092CFFB7FF9BFF1E94C7F4A3FB68:8E13EEE1FFB7FF95FF3593D5F0B9F831" box="[188,254,1925,1951]" country="France" county="France" latitude="48.71806" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="2.0734706" municipality="Lyon" name="Buis' creek" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Buis’</location>
</location>
creek,
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basin (
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latitude
<geoCoordinate id="EEF8DEFDFFB7FF95FCFC93D5F45FF831" box="[885,1048,1925,1951]" degrees="2" direction="east" minutes="4" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" precision="1" seconds="24.494" value="2.0734706">2°4'24.494&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
longitude). Leg. Jeanne Rigaut (
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,
<location id="8E13EEE1FFB7FF95FE8693FCF24AF868" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0365092CFFB7FF9BFF1E94C7F4A3FB68:8E13EEE1FFB7FF95FE8693FCF24AF868" box="[271,525,1964,1990]" country="France" county="France" latitude="48.71806" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="2.0734706" municipality="Lyon" name="Groupe de Recherche" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Groupe de Recherche</location>
et
<location id="8E13EEE1FFB7FF95FDB993FCF346F868" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0365092CFFB7FF9BFF1E94C7F4A3FB68:8E13EEE1FFB7FF95FDB993FCF346F868" box="[560,769,1964,1990]" country="France" county="France" latitude="48.71806" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="2.0734706" municipality="Lyon" name="d'Etudes Biologie" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">d'Etudes Biologie</location>
et
<location id="8E13EEE1FFB7FF95FCAD93FCF39BF868" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0365092CFFB7FF9BFF1E94C7F4A3FB68:8E13EEE1FFB7FF95FCAD93FCF39BF868" box="[804,988,1964,1990]" country="France" county="France" latitude="48.71806" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="2.0734706" municipality="Lyon" name="Environnement" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Environnement</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B172240FFB7FF95FC6E93FCF461F868" box="[999,1062,1964,1990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Lyon</collectingMunicipality>
,
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),
<date id="FF729EFAFFB7FF95FB1393FCF563F868" box="[1178,1316,1964,1990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" value="2012-04-25">
<collectingDate id="EF366712FFB7FF95FB1393FCF563F868" box="[1178,1316,1964,1990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" value="2012-04-25">25/04/2012</collectingDate>
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.
<typeStatus id="54770698FFB7FF95FAA793FCF5DCF868" box="[1326,1435,1964,1990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
depicted in
<figureCitation id="13F7A4BFFFB7FF95FE969383F132F843" box="[287,373,2003,2029]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–36" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1872,1893]" captionTargetBox="[188,1397,491,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-188@2.[188,1398,490,1847]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–36. Planothidium biporomum and Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. LM views. Figs 1–18. Planothidium biporomum. Valve views. Savannah River, Georgia, U.S.A., ANSP G.M.C. 3521(3). Figs 1–13. Rapheless valves. Figs 14–18. Raphe valves. Figs 19–36. Planothidium incuriatum sp. nov. Valve views. ‘Croix au Buis’ creek (Yvette River basin, Magny-les-Hameaux, France), BR- 4315. Figs 19–27. Rapheless valves. Figs 28–36. Raphe valves. Fig. 21. Holotype designated. ‘=’ signal indicates the valves of the same frustule. Scale bar represents 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099690/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
, deposited at the National Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium (slide BR-4315).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DFB3E8B2FFB6FF94FF1E92EDF522F80E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099698" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5099698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5099698/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" startId="7.[151,259,1725,1746]" targetBox="[244,1343,192,1703]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8B73B83AFFB6FF94FF1E92EDF522F80E" blockId="7.[151,1438,1725,1952]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB6FF94FF1E92EDF2EAF97D" bold="true" box="[151,685,1725,1747]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
FIGURES 80–89.
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB6FF94FEDC92EDF2EAF97D" bold="true" box="[341,685,1725,1747]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="4CCCC3B9FFB6FF94FEDC92EDF21EF97D" authority="Wetzel &amp; Hoffmann &amp; Ector, 2013" authorityName="Wetzel &amp; Hoffmann &amp; Ector" authorityYear="2013" box="[341,601,1725,1747]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="incuriatum" status="sp. nov.">Planothidium incuriatum</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A28BD953FFB6FF94FDE992EDF2EAF97D" box="[608,685,1725,1747]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
SEM views. Pardinho River, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. BR-4316. Fig. 80. External view of rapheless valve. Note the similar areolae arrangement with the France population. Fig. 81. Internal view of raphe valve. Fig. 82. Internal view of rapheless valve with wide cavum aperture. Fig. 83. External view of raphe valve showing two reduced striae at both sides forming a rectangular central area. Fig. 84. Internal view of raphe valve reduced helictoglossae. Fig. 85. Internal view of rapheless valve apice. Fig. 86. Detail of central area of rapheless valve showing the triseriate striae, irregular rounded depressions along the apical axis and the external unilateral expansion. Fig. 87. Detail of central area of raphe valve. Figs 88–89. Detail of striae in raphe valve usually composed by 3–4 rows of areolae from the rapheless valve. Note the groups of two small areolae located in the valve mantle located at each stria. Scale bars: Figs 80–83 = 5 µm; Figs 86–87 = 4 µm; Figs 84–85, 88–89 = 2 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B73B83AFFB9FF9BFF4F94C8F314FF51" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,1222]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<materialsCitation id="3BA4B267FFB9FF9BFF4F94C8F308FF51" collectingDate="2004-01-15" collectorName="Leg. C. E. Wetzel &amp; National Botanic Garden &amp; Meise &amp; Belgium" country="Brazil" county="Sinimbu" location="Salto do Pardinho'" municipality="Pardinho Falls" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFF4F94C8F217FF1C" bold="true" box="[198,592,152,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<typeStatus id="54770698FFB9FF9BFF4F94C8F17FFF1C" box="[198,312,152,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
(designated here):—
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3DBF8AAFFB9FF9BFDD994C8F2FAFF1C" box="[592,701,152,178]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="490876D8FFB9FF9BFD5894C8F38DFF1C" box="[721,970,152,178]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="6212C0B6FFB9FF9BFC5694C8F402FF1C" box="[991,1093,152,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Sinimbú</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B172240FFB9FF9BFBD394C8F54AFF1C" box="[1114,1293,152,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Pardinho Falls</collectingMunicipality>
(‘
<location id="8E13EEE1FFB9FF9BFAA594C8F157FF76" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0365092CFFB7FF9BFF1E94C7F4A3FB68:8E13EEE1FFB9FF9BFAA594C8F157FF76" country="Brazil" county="Sinimbu" municipality="Pardinho Falls" name="Salto do Pardinho'" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">Salto do Pardinho’</location>
),
<location id="8E13EEE1FFB9FF9BFEAC94EEF19DFF76" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0365092CFFB7FF9BFF1E94C7F4A3FB68:8E13EEE1FFB9FF9BFEAC94EEF19DFF76" box="[293,474,190,216]" country="Brazil" county="Sinimbu" municipality="Pardinho Falls" name="Pardinho River" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">Pardinho River</location>
,
<location id="8E13EEE1FFB9FF9BFE6E94EEF218FF76" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0365092CFFB7FF9BFF1E94C7F4A3FB68:8E13EEE1FFB9FF9BFE6E94EEF218FF76" box="[487,607,190,216]" country="Brazil" county="Sinimbu" municipality="Pardinho Falls" name="Rio Pardo" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Pardo</location>
hydrographical basin,
<date id="FF729EFAFFB9FF9BFCF994EEF3BEFF76" box="[880,1017,190,216]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" value="2004-01-15">
<collectingDate id="EF366712FFB9FF9BFCF994EEF3BEFF76" box="[880,1017,190,216]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" value="2004-01-15">15/01/2004</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="2639DDECFFB9FF9BFB8F94EEF493FF76" box="[1030,1236,190,216]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Leg. C.E. Wetzel</collectorName>
, deposited at the
<collectorName id="2639DDECFFB9FF9BFF1194B5F1F8FF51" box="[152,447,229,255]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">National Botanic Garden</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="2639DDECFFB9FF9BFE4294B5F251FF51" box="[459,534,229,255]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Meise</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="2639DDECFFB9FF9BFDA894B5F2C1FF51" box="[545,646,229,255]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Belgium</collectorName>
(slide BR-4316)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3D6EBB1FFB9FF9BFF4F955CF4A3FB68" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B73B83AFFB9FF9BFF4F955CF16BFEE2" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,1222]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFF4F955CF110FE88" bold="true" box="[198,343,268,294]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Etymology:</emphasis>
—From the Latin
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFDC6955CF2E4FE88" box="[591,675,268,294]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">incúria</emphasis>
, meaning lack of care or attention, neglect, carelessness, indifference.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B73B83AFFB9FF9BFF4F9509F4B7FD58" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,1222]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFF4F9509F1ADFEDD" bold="true" box="[198,490,345,371]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Taxonomic remarks:—</emphasis>
Besides the similarities with
<taxonomicName id="4CCCC3B9FFB9FF9BFCCD9508F434FEDC" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" authorityYear="1999" baseAuthorityName="M. H. Hohn &amp; Hellerman" box="[836,1139,344,370]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="biporomum">
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFCCD9508F434FEDC" box="[836,1139,344,370]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Planothidium biporomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4CCCC3B9FFB9FF9BFB0D9509F563FEDC" authorityName="Wetzel &amp; Hoffmann &amp; Ector" authorityYear="2013" box="[1156,1316,345,370]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="incuriatum">
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFB0D9509F563FEDC" box="[1156,1316,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">P. incuriatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4CCCC3B9FFB9FF9BFF3F95D0F23EFE34" authority="Lange-Bert. &amp; Rumrich" authorityName="Lange-Bert. &amp; Rumrich" box="[182,633,383,410]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="infrequens">
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFF3F95D0F116FE37" box="[182,337,383,409]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">P. infrequens</emphasis>
Lange-Bert. &amp; Rumrich
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFD0B95D0F2DEFE37" box="[642,665,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF5DC5CBFFB9FF9BFD2B95D0F3A3FE34" author="Rumrich, U. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Rumrich, M." box="[674,996,383,410]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 649" refId="ref9546" refString="Rumrich, U., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Rumrich, M. (2000) Diatomeen der Anden. Von Venezuela bis Patagonien (Feuerland). Iconographia Diatomologica 9: 1 - 649." type="journal article" year="2000">
Rumrich
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFC9B95D0F308FE37" box="[786,847,383,409]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
(2000: 212)
</bibRefCitation>
described from the Andes mountain range in
<collectingCountry id="F3DBF8AAFFB9FF9BFF7495F6F17AFE6E" box="[253,317,422,448]" name="Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Chile</collectingCountry>
(South America). Differences between the two species include the general outline of the apices being more apiculate and a lower stria density (11–13, not
<quantity id="4C3415DFFFB9FF9BFC08959DF3B7FE49" box="[897,1008,461,487]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="3.302" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" unit="in" value="14.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="13.0">13–15 in</quantity>
<quantity id="4C3415DFFFB9FF9BFC70959DF40EFE49" box="[1017,1097,461,487]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 µm</quantity>
as in
<taxonomicName id="4CCCC3B9FFB9FF9BFB11959DF507FE48" authorityName="Wetzel &amp; Hoffmann &amp; Ector" authorityYear="2013" box="[1176,1344,461,486]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="incuriatum">
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFB11959DF507FE48" box="[1176,1344,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">P. incuriatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in the rapheless valve of
<taxonomicName id="4CCCC3B9FFB9FF9BFEF695A4F259FDA3" box="[383,542,499,525]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="infrequens">
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFEF695A4F259FDA3" box="[383,542,499,525]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">P. infrequens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4CCCC3B9FFB9FF9BFDA695A3F323FDA3" authorityName="Wetzel &amp; Hoffmann &amp; Ector" authorityYear="2013" box="[559,868,499,525]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="incuriatum">
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFDA695A3F323FDA3" box="[559,868,499,525]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Planothidium incuriatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4CCCC3B9FFB9FF9BFB8395A4F4F3FDA3" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" authorityYear="1999" baseAuthorityName="M. H. Hohn &amp; Hellerman" box="[1034,1204,499,525]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="biporomum">
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFB8395A4F4F3FDA3" box="[1034,1204,499,525]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">P. biporomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having rostrate extremities, while capitate and wider in
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFDF5964AF36EFD9D" box="[636,809,537,563]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="4CCCC3B9FFB9FF9BFDF5964AF362FD9D" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" authorityYear="1999" baseAuthorityName="M. H. Hohn &amp; Hellerman" box="[636,805,537,563]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="biporomum">P. biporomum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and by having more rows of areolae per stria in the rapheless valve.
<taxonomicName id="4CCCC3B9FFB9FF9BFEE89610F2D6FDF4" authorityName="Wetzel &amp; Hoffmann &amp; Ector" authorityYear="2013" box="[353,657,576,602]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="incuriatum">
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFEE89610F2D6FDF4" box="[353,657,576,602]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Planothidium incuriatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can also be confounded with
<taxonomicName id="4CCCC3B9FFB9FF9BFC769611F4A4FDF4" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" authorityYear="1999" baseAuthorityName="Lange-Bertalot" box="[1023,1251,576,602]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="frequentissimum">
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFC769611F4A4FDF4" box="[1023,1251,576,602]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">P. frequentissimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName id="4CCCC3B9FFB9FF9BFA999610F22BFD2C" authority="Grunow" authorityName="Grunow" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" form="minuta" genus="Achnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="form" species="lanceolata" variety="dubia">
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFA999610F155FD2F" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Achnanthes lanceolata</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFEC79637F1D6FD2F" box="[334,401,615,641]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">dubia</emphasis>
f.
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFE3B9638F243FD2F" box="[434,516,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">minuta</emphasis>
Grunow
</taxonomicName>
in Van Heurck,
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFCA79638F328FD2F" box="[814,879,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF5DC5CBFFB9FF9BFCF19638F557FD2C" author="Krammer, K. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H." box="[888,1296,616,642]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref8210" refString="Krammer, K. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. (1991) Bacillariophyceae 4. Teil: Achnanthaceae, Kritische Erganzungen zu Navicula (Lineolatae) und Gomphonema Gesamtliteraturverzeichnis Teil 1 - 4. In: Ettl, H., Gartner, G., Gerloff, J., Heying, H. &amp; Mollenhauer, D. (eds.): Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa 2 / 4, Jena: Gustav Fisher Verlag, 437 pp." type="book chapter" year="1991">Krammer &amp; Lange-Bertalot (1991</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 44, figs 1–3)] from which it differs by having clearly larger cells, and
<taxonomicName id="4CCCC3B9FFB9FF9BFC0E96DDF20DFD61" authority="(Straub) Lange-Bertalot (1999: 292)" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" authorityPageNumber="292" authorityYear="1999" baseAuthorityName="Straub" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="variety" species="frequentissimum" variety="magnum">
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFC0E96DDF4BFFD09" box="[903,1272,653,679]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Planothidium frequentissimum</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFABC96DEF5DCFD09" box="[1333,1435,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">magnum</emphasis>
(Straub)
<bibRefCitation id="EF5DC5CBFFB9FF9BFE8A96E5F20DFD61" author="Lange-Bertalot, H." box="[259,586,693,719]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="276 - 289" refId="ref8551" refString="Lange-Bertalot, H. (1999) Neue Kombinationen von Taxa aus Achnanthes Bory (sensu lato). Iconographia Diatomologica 6: 276 - 289." type="journal article" year="1999">Lange-Bertalot (1999:292)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName id="4CCCC3B9FFB9FF9BFDFE96E4F559FD61" authority="Straub sensu Krammer" authorityName="Krammer" box="[631,1310,692,719]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Achnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="variety" species="rostrata" variety="magna">
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFDFE96E4F329FD60" box="[631,878,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Achnanthes rostrata</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFC2596E5F3B9FD60" box="[940,1022,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">magna</emphasis>
Straub sensu Krammer
</taxonomicName>
&amp; Lange- Bertalot (1991, pl. 44, figs 10–14)] which has clearly elliptical outline and smaller dimensions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B73B83AFFB9FF9BFF4F9751F4D5FC19" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,1222]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="4CCCC3B9FFB9FF9BFF4F9751F1ADFCB5" authorityName="Wetzel &amp; Hoffmann &amp; Ector" authorityYear="2013" box="[198,490,769,795]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="incuriatum">
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFF4F9751F1ADFCB5" box="[198,490,769,795]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Planothidium incuriatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was also misidentified in the past as
<taxonomicName id="4CCCC3B9FFB9FF9BFC1D9751F4ECFCB5" box="[916,1195,769,795]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="rostratum">
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFC1D9751F4ECFCB5" box="[916,1195,769,795]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Planothidium rostratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sensu auct. non null. (see
<tableCitation id="C64E8D81FFB9FF9BFF459779F165FCED" box="[204,290,809,835]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="10.[146,227,490,511]" captionText="TABLE 1. Confirmed distribution records of Planothidium incuriatum based in the valve morphology, according to available literature." pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Table 1</tableCitation>
). However the
<typeStatus id="54770698FFB9FF9BFE5F9779F207FCED" box="[470,576,809,835]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4CCCC3B9FFB9FF9BFDEE9778F3B2FCED" authority="Ostrup (1902" authorityName="Ostrup" authorityYear="1902" box="[615,1013,808,835]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Achnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="rostrata">
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFDEE9778F316FCEC" box="[615,849,808,834]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Achnanthes rostrata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF5DC5CBFFB9FF9BFCD09779F3B2FCED" author="Ostrup, E." box="[857,1013,809,835]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="28 - 41" refId="ref9248" refString="Ostrup, E. (1902) Freshwater diatoms [in Flora of Koh Chang. Part VII. Contributions to the knowledge of the Gulf of Siam. John Schmidt (ed.). Preliminary Rept. Bot., Results Dan. Exped. to Siam (1899 - 1900)]. Botanisk Tidsskrift 25: 28 - 41." type="journal article" year="1902">Østrup (1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, p. 253, pl. 1, fig. 11) from
<collectingCountry id="F3DBF8AAFFB9FF9BFABC9779F5DBFCED" box="[1333,1436,809,835]" name="Thailand" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="F3DBF8AAFFB9FF9BFF169700F099FCC4" box="[159,222,848,874]" name="Thailand" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Siam</collectingCountry>
) illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EF5DC5CBFFB9FF9BFE039700F35EFCC4" author="Krammer, K. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H." box="[394,793,848,874]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref8210" refString="Krammer, K. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. (1991) Bacillariophyceae 4. Teil: Achnanthaceae, Kritische Erganzungen zu Navicula (Lineolatae) und Gomphonema Gesamtliteraturverzeichnis Teil 1 - 4. In: Ettl, H., Gartner, G., Gerloff, J., Heying, H. &amp; Mollenhauer, D. (eds.): Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa 2 / 4, Jena: Gustav Fisher Verlag, 437 pp." type="book chapter" year="1991">Krammer &amp; Lange-Bertalot (1991</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 43, figs 1–4) has clearly smaller dimensions (length 9.3–14.0 µm, width 5.2–6.5), rounded valves with strongly rostrate extremities and a rounded central area in the raphe valve, and hence cannot be considered synonyms nor conspecific populations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B73B83AFFB9FF9BFF4F9794F4A3FB68" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,1222]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<bibRefCitation id="EF5DC5CBFFB9FF9BFF4F9794F1FBFC70" author="Zimmermann, C." box="[198,444,964,990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="97 - 100" refId="ref9951" refString="Zimmermann, C. (1919) Quelques diatomees nouvelles ou curieuses. Broteria, Serie Botanica 17: 97 - 100." type="journal article" year="1919">Zimmermann (1919)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4CCCC3B9FFB9FF9BFDB79793F0F8FBAA" authority="C. Zimm. (1919: 99)" authorityName="C. Zimm." authorityPageNumber="99" authorityYear="1919" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Achnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="variety" species="lanceolata" variety="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFDB79793F30BFC73" box="[574,844,963,989]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Achnanthes lanceolata</emphasis>
(Bréb.) Grunow var.
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFBC49793F493FC73" box="[1101,1236,963,989]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">brasiliensis</emphasis>
C.Zimm. (1919: 99)
</taxonomicName>
from the Inhahúma River, a tributary of the Pacuí River, a major river on the right bank of the São Francisco River in the north of
<collectingRegion id="490876D8FFB9FF9BFD939041F2FAFB85" box="[538,701,1041,1067]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="F3DBF8AAFFB9FF9BFD469041F367FB85" box="[719,800,1041,1067]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Brazil</collectingCountry>
). According to his drawings, the species has a quite similar valve outline compared to
<taxonomicName id="4CCCC3B9FFB9FF9BFDAC9068F284FBFF" authorityName="Wetzel &amp; Hoffmann &amp; Ector" authorityYear="2013" box="[549,707,1080,1105]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="incuriatum">
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFDAC9068F284FBFF" box="[549,707,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">P. incuriatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and also possesses the unilateral expansion in the central area, with slightly radiate striae in the middle valve portion. Based on his drawings, all we can definitely state is that
<taxonomicName id="4CCCC3B9FFB9FF9BFF4690D5F1DFFB30" box="[207,408,1156,1183]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Achnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="variety" species="lanceolata" variety="brasiliensis">
var.
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFE8E90D4F1DFFB30" box="[263,408,1156,1182]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the genus
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFD2790D4F327FB30" box="[686,864,1156,1182]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="4CCCC3B9FFB9FF9BFD2790D4F31BFB30" box="[686,860,1156,1182]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="genus">Planothidium</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Since Zimmermann’s specimens seems to be impossible to locate (
<bibRefCitation id="EF5DC5CBFFB9FF9BFE1890FCF22AFB68" author="Gomes, D. F. &amp; Calda, O. &amp; Da Silva, E. M. &amp; Gell, P. A. &amp; Williams, D. M." box="[401,621,1195,1222]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="177 - 188" refId="ref8052" refString="Gomes, D. F., Calda, O., Da Silva, E. M., Gell, P. A. &amp; Williams, D. M. (2012) Father Zimmermann (1871 - 1950): the first Brazilian diatomist. Diatom Research 27: 177 - 188. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 x. 2012.698646" type="journal article" year="2012">
Gomes
<emphasis id="B9B86428FFB9FF9BFE6590FCF260FB6B" box="[492,551,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
), a proper typification is not possible for the moment.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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